Two-dimensional(2D)materials have rapidly emerged as transformative platforms for energy storage and conversion,owing to their atomic-scale thickness,tunable electronic structures,and versatile chemical functionalitie...Two-dimensional(2D)materials have rapidly emerged as transformative platforms for energy storage and conversion,owing to their atomic-scale thickness,tunable electronic structures,and versatile chemical functionalities.Over the past five years,remarkable advances in material synthesis,interface engineering,and device integration have unlocked new opportunities,yet challenges in stability,scalability,and performance optimization remain.In this roadmap,we provide an updated perspective toward 2030,systematically reviewing eleven representative 2D material classes,which can be broadly grouped into carbon-based materials,inorganic semiconductors,framework materials,and layered nanosheet systems.Their opportunities and challenges in electrochemical energy storage,photocatalysis,and electrocatalysis are highlighted.We believe this roadmap can enrich the development of 2D materials for sustainable energy technologies,and provide useful guidance for both fundamental studies and practical applications in the coming decade.展开更多
Single-edged notched tension (SENT) specimen is used to study the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior of AISI 50100 steel using MTS 810. Calibration tests are run to get plots of crack mouth opening displace...Single-edged notched tension (SENT) specimen is used to study the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior of AISI 50100 steel using MTS 810. Calibration tests are run to get plots of crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) vs. load and CMOD vs. crack length-to-width ratio with the known crack lengths. Numerical simulation is also done to try to establish a relation between crack length and CMOD. FCGR of welded and un-welded specimens are plotted against stress intensity factor range to show the effect of welding on fatigue crack growth rate of AISI 50100 steel. The experimentally obtained CMOD values are compared with values obtained by numerical simulation using ABAQUS/StandardTM software package. Results show that numerical values are in good agreement with experimental data for small crack lengths and lower values of applied load,展开更多
Hepatitis B infection(HBV)is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)worldwide.The age of occurrence,prognosis and incidence vary dramatically depending on the region of the world.This geographic...Hepatitis B infection(HBV)is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)worldwide.The age of occurrence,prognosis and incidence vary dramatically depending on the region of the world.This geographic variation is largely dependent on the contrasting incidence of HBV,age of transmission of the virus,the timing of integration into the human genome,and different HBV genotypes,as well as environmental factors.It results in a wide difference in viral interaction with the immune system,genomic modulation and the consequent development of HCC in an individual.In this review,we describe many factors implicated in HCC development,provide insight regarding at-risk populations and explain societal recommendations for HCC surveillance in persons living with HBV in different continents of the world.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52272287,22268003,22102095,52204320,U20A20246 and 12275199,U22A20418,22075196,21972110,52202208,52504346)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFA1507903,2022YFB3803600,2022YFB4002501)+15 种基金Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(Nos.202305AF150116,202405AF140007)SINOPEC(Beijing)Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.(No.223239)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.CCNU22JC017)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2021M692535)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2022JQ-095)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2024A1515010976)Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation in Basic Research Fund(No.20250530111628004)the Basic Research Project Foundation of Xi’an Jiaotong University(No.xzy012024012)the Youth Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(No.EIPE2131)the Russian Science Foundation(No.22-13-00035),the Russian Science Foundation(No.24-1920060)the Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the framework of a State Assignment of the Ioffe Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences(No.FFUG-2024-0036)St.Petersburg Science Foundation(No.24-19-20060)the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-050)Hunan Province Furong Plan Young Talents in Science and Technology Innovation(No.2025RC3013)National Science Centre,Poland(NCN),based on the decision number UMO-2021/43/D/ST5/00824the research project within the program,Excellence Initiative–Research University”for the AGH University of Krakow。
摘要Two-dimensional(2D)materials have rapidly emerged as transformative platforms for energy storage and conversion,owing to their atomic-scale thickness,tunable electronic structures,and versatile chemical functionalities.Over the past five years,remarkable advances in material synthesis,interface engineering,and device integration have unlocked new opportunities,yet challenges in stability,scalability,and performance optimization remain.In this roadmap,we provide an updated perspective toward 2030,systematically reviewing eleven representative 2D material classes,which can be broadly grouped into carbon-based materials,inorganic semiconductors,framework materials,and layered nanosheet systems.Their opportunities and challenges in electrochemical energy storage,photocatalysis,and electrocatalysis are highlighted.We believe this roadmap can enrich the development of 2D materials for sustainable energy technologies,and provide useful guidance for both fundamental studies and practical applications in the coming decade.
基金supported by University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila
摘要Single-edged notched tension (SENT) specimen is used to study the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) behavior of AISI 50100 steel using MTS 810. Calibration tests are run to get plots of crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) vs. load and CMOD vs. crack length-to-width ratio with the known crack lengths. Numerical simulation is also done to try to establish a relation between crack length and CMOD. FCGR of welded and un-welded specimens are plotted against stress intensity factor range to show the effect of welding on fatigue crack growth rate of AISI 50100 steel. The experimentally obtained CMOD values are compared with values obtained by numerical simulation using ABAQUS/StandardTM software package. Results show that numerical values are in good agreement with experimental data for small crack lengths and lower values of applied load,
基金supported by Robert Wood Johnson Foundation,Harold Amos Medical Faculty Development Program,NIH-NCI R21 CA215883-01A1 and University of Minnesota AIRP grant,all to JDD.
摘要Hepatitis B infection(HBV)is one of the most common causes of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)worldwide.The age of occurrence,prognosis and incidence vary dramatically depending on the region of the world.This geographic variation is largely dependent on the contrasting incidence of HBV,age of transmission of the virus,the timing of integration into the human genome,and different HBV genotypes,as well as environmental factors.It results in a wide difference in viral interaction with the immune system,genomic modulation and the consequent development of HCC in an individual.In this review,we describe many factors implicated in HCC development,provide insight regarding at-risk populations and explain societal recommendations for HCC surveillance in persons living with HBV in different continents of the world.