In this paper,a new series of donor-acceptor coordination polymers(DACPs),[Cd(dppz)(R-ndc)(H2O)]n(R=none,DZU-400;R=F,DZU-400-F;R=Br,DZU-400-Br;DZU is short for Dezhou University),[Cd(dppz)(adc)(H2O)]n(DZU-...In this paper,a new series of donor-acceptor coordination polymers(DACPs),[Cd(dppz)(R-ndc)(H2O)]n(R=none,DZU-400;R=F,DZU-400-F;R=Br,DZU-400-Br;DZU is short for Dezhou University),[Cd(dppz)(adc)(H2O)]n(DZU-401),and{[Cd(dppz)(adb)0.5(HCOO)(H2O)]}n(DZU-402),have been successfully constructed through the combination of electron-deficient dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(dppz)as an acceptor and various dicarboxylic ligands(H2ndc=2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid,F-H2ndc=6,7-difluorona phthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid,Br-H2ndc=6,7-dibromonaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid,H2adc=9,10-anthracenedicarboxylic acid,and H2adb=4,4'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)dibenzoic acid)with electron-rich planar aromatic rings as donors.Structural analyses reveal closely parallel arrangement of the planar acceptor and donor units in these DACPs,which could facilitate the through-space charge transfer(TSCT)interactions of the D-A systems and the corresponding luminescent properties.Interestingly,the DACPs show highly regulable donor dependent photoluminescence from blue to orange.Based on the TSCT based luminescence and the high thermal stability of the DACPs,their thermal-stimuli responsive emission properties were further studied.Photoluminescence intensity of the DACPs all present good linearity with temperature(298-473K),as proved by variable temperature fluorescence spectra.Importantly,the temperature sensing process is reversible and recyclable,suggesting the promising applications of the DACPs as thermal-stimuli responsive materials.展开更多
The dynamic evolution of fracture permeability presents a critical scientific challenge in rock masses.Understanding the mechanisms of rock mass permeability evolution is vital for engineering project design and opera...The dynamic evolution of fracture permeability presents a critical scientific challenge in rock masses.Understanding the mechanisms of rock mass permeability evolution is vital for engineering project design and operations.By integrating the discrete element method(DEM)with the finite element method(FEM),a numerical simulation framework for shear seepage in rough fractured shale has been developed to investigate the dynamic mechanisms of permeability evolution under varying confining pressures and during the shearing process.Numerical simulations were conducted on rough fractured samples under effective confining pressures ranging from 5 MPa to 20 MPa to monitor the aperture and permeability evolution of the fracture.The results of the numerical simulation are consistent with the experimental observations,indicating that both the shearing process and confining pressure significantly influence permeability.Moreover,the magnitude of the confining pressure is a crucial factor influencing the trend in permeability changes.Under a confining pressure of 5 MPa,fracture permeability initially increases significantly but decreases post-shearing.In contrast,a continuous decrease in fracture permeability is observed when the confining pressure exceeds 10 MPa.The results of the shear numerical simulation indicate that the confining pressure restricts fracture dilation during shearing,promotes the generation of rock debris,and decreases both the permeability and transmissivity of the fracture.The wear results obtained from numerical simulations are consistent with the experimental patterns and correlate with the joint roughness coefficient(JRC).This study proposed an effective numerical simulation method to reveal the evolution mechanism of fracture flow capacity,taking into account the wear of the fracture surface in shear simulations and the initial stress state of the rock in seepage simulations.This research explains the permeability evolution mechanism of fractured shale from a microscopic perspective,and the proposed numerical simulation method for shear seepage provides a powerful means to uncover the dynamic evolution mechanisms governing fracture permeability.展开更多
Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like be...Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors,and potential therapeutical strategies,remain scarce.In the present study,after long-term exposure to real-world PM2.5 for 15 weeks,male mice displayed depression-like behaviors,which were revealed using the open field and sucrose preference tests.Mechanistically,chronic PM2.5 exposure promoted astrocytic A1 polarization and disrupted reduction-oxidation balance in the mouse hippocampus.Furthermore,PM2.5-exposed mice displayed pathological damage to hippocampal neurons as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling.Astrocytic ablation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 exacerbated PM2.5-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in mice via the disruption of astrocyte-to-microglia communication;this finding was confirmed in mice with bilateral and unilateral hippocampal astrocytic Nfe2l2 knockdown.Importantly,the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation by procyanidin significantly ameliorated PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors through the remodeling of astrocyte-to-microglia communication.Together,our findings shed light on the important role of hippocampal astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation for maintaining astrocyte-to-microglia communication,and indicate potential research avenues for therapeutic strategies against PM2.5-induced depresson-like behaviors.展开更多
Soil salinization has become a significant global ecological and resource problem.Alfalfa cropping has been recognized as an effective method for improving soil fertility and promoting the sustainable growth of agricu...Soil salinization has become a significant global ecological and resource problem.Alfalfa cropping has been recognized as an effective method for improving soil fertility and promoting the sustainable growth of agricultural ecosystems.In this study,an 18-year-old alfalfa cultivation area within the saline-alkali Songnen Plain in Northeast China was selected to determine the contribution of the microbial network to the improvement of saline-alkali soils after alfalfa cropping.Our findings indicated that the multi-kingdom microbial network,comprising fungi,bacteria,and archaea,was more complex and stable than the single-kingdom networks.Specifically,the multi-kingdom network exhibited an increased number of nodes and connections,demonstrating higher complexity.By cultivating alfalfa in saline-alkali soils,fungal nodes in the multi-kingdom network demonstrated significantly higher degree and betweenness compared to bacterial nodes and archaeal nodes.Additionally,fungi had a higher natural connectivity,which contributed to the overall network stability.In contrast,the bacterial subset in the multi-kingdom network in bare land exhibited a higher degree,betweenness,and natural connectivity.Furthermore,changes in the topological properties of the microbial network,including its complexity and stability,were significantly correlated with environmental factors,such as soil electrical conductivity and pH.In conclusion,cultivating alfalfa stabilized the self-organization in the multi-kingdom network in saline-alkaline soils and increased the complexity and stability of the fungal network.These findings provide a foundation for further research into the role of multi-kingdom microbial communities in soil ecosystems.展开更多
Fluvial tight sandstones,as unconventional reservoirs,feature complex sedimentary,diagenetic,and reservoir quality heterogeneities that fundamentally control their exploration and development.This study focuses on typ...Fluvial tight sandstones,as unconventional reservoirs,feature complex sedimentary,diagenetic,and reservoir quality heterogeneities that fundamentally control their exploration and development.This study focuses on typical fluvial tight sandstones of the Shanxi Formation in northern Sulige Gas Field(Ordos Basin),using core samples,field sections,logging data,and analytical tests to investigate the coupling relationships among sedimentary,diagenetic,and reservoir quality heterogeneities.Results demonstrate that:the target layer in the study area develops six lithofacies,three braided river sandbody architectural elements,two meandering river sandbody architectural elements,and five diagenetic facies.Different architectural elements and their internal lithofacies exhibit differences and coupling relationships in the strengths of sedimentary heterogeneity and diagenetic heterogeneity.Specifically:strong compaction diagenetic facies primarily occurs in siltstone lithofacies of sand-dominated,weakly sedimentary heterogeneous architectural elements;strong dissolution+microfracture development diagenetic facies is mainly distributed in coarser-grained sandstones of sand-dominated architectural elements with low sedimentary heterogeneity;clay mineral intercrystalline pore-dominated diagenetic facies is primarily located near interbeds within all architectural elements;strong carbonate cementation diagenetic facies predominates in thick mudstones at the top/bottom of architectural elements,and at contacts with pure mudstone interbeds;strong clay mineral cementation diagenetic facies concentrates in medium-heterogeneity architectural elements near pure mudstone interbeds and at contacts with silty mudstone interbeds.Sedimentary and diagenetic heterogeneities jointly control reservoir quality distribution in all architectural elements(excluding basal conglomerates):porosity and permeability decrease in positive rhythm as lithofacies grain size fines,while irreducible water saturation increases in inverse rhythm.The findings of this study can provide a robust basis for the exploration and development deployment of fluvial tight sandstone reservoirs.展开更多
Multifunctional phosphors have gained significant attention for their extensive application potential.In this work,novel Eu3+/Mn4+co-doped GdGeSbO6dual-emission phosphors were synthesized by high temperature ...Multifunctional phosphors have gained significant attention for their extensive application potential.In this work,novel Eu3+/Mn4+co-doped GdGeSbO6dual-emission phosphors were synthesized by high temperature solid-phase method.The crystal structure,optical properties,and temperature-sensing performance of these phosphors were systematically investigated.Under 463 nm excitation,GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+phosphors have multiple emission peaks in the range of 500-800 nm,corresponding to the5D0→7FJ transition for Eu3+and the2E→4A2 transition for Mn4+,respectively.The optical temperature properties of GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+were analyzed using fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)analysis,and the maximum relative sensitivity at 423 K is found to be 2.73%/K.By integrating GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+phosphors with near-UV light-emitting diode(LED)chips,a prototype LED device was successfully fabricated with a spectrum that significantly overlaps with the absorption curve of phytochrome.In addition,the anti-counterfeiting ink was prepared using GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+phosphors,and they show tunable emission under different light stimulation.These results indicate that GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+multifunctional phosphors have promising applications in optical thermometry,promoting plant growth and anti-counterfeiting.展开更多
Growing evidence suggests that exercise can provide neuroprotection by improving mitochondrial quality control(MQC)on the aged brain.Adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling responsiven...Growing evidence suggests that exercise can provide neuroprotection by improving mitochondrial quality control(MQC)on the aged brain.Adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling responsiveness declines with aging.However,whether AMPK plays a role in the exercise-mediated improvement of memory and MQC in the aged hippocampus remains to be established.5-Aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide ribonucleoside(AICAR),a pharmacological agonist of AMPK,has been proposed to be an exercise mimetic recently.However,it has not been clarified whether AICAR could mimic the effects of exercise on the aged hippocampus through improvement of MQC.In this study,AICAR(AMPK agonist)and Compound C(AMPK inhibitor)were used to investigate if AMPK plays a key role in exercise-induced improvement of MQC and if AICAR could act as an exercise mimetic through improvement of MQC in aged hippocampus.Both exercise and AICAR improved the memory of aged mice and increased AMPK phosphorylation in the aged hippocampus.Exercise,but not AICAR,improved mitochondrial respiratory function in the aged hippocampus and increased the microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-II/LC3-I ratio and the protein expression of LC3-II and autophagy related protein 7(ATG7)in the lysate of whole hippocampal tissue.Both exercise and AICAR increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and the protein expression of LC3-II in the mitochondrial fractions of the hippocampus.Regarding mitochondrial dynamics,neither exercise training nor AICAR changed the protein level of mitofusin 2(Mfn2).Exercise,but not AICAR,increased the protein level of dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1).Furthermore,both exercise training and AICAR increased the protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α(PGC-1α),a modulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.Compound C abolished the exercise-induced effects on memory in aged mice,AMPK phosphorylation,autophagy,mitophagy,and mitochondrial fission in the aged hippocampus.However,Compound C did not reverse the exercise-induced increase in PGC-1α protein levels in the aged hippocampus.Our data provide evidence that AMPK plays an important role in the exercise-induced improvement of memory and MQC in the hippocampus of aged mice.Importantly,we demonstrated for the first time that AICAR could partially mimetic the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on memory and MQC in the hippocampus of aged mice,and thus may be a promising exercise mimetic for counteracting brain aging.展开更多
Group A rotaviruses(RVs)continue to be one of the most important pathogens causing severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young animals worldwide.Recently,the prevalence of porcine RV(PoRV)from pig farms has stri...Group A rotaviruses(RVs)continue to be one of the most important pathogens causing severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young animals worldwide.Recently,the prevalence of porcine RV(PoRV)from pig farms has strikingly increased,adversely affecting the swine industry,particularly with the G9 genotype of PoRV VP7 emerging as the predominant genotype spreading in China.Current vaccines against PoRV fail to provide sufficient protective immunity,necessitating urgent development of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs against PoRV.Here,we successfully established and improved the entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics(RG)system to rescue a G9 genotype of recombinant PoRV AHFY2022 strain(G9P[23]).Using the improved RG system,we rescued recombinant AHFY2022 harboring the fluorescent UnaG protein or nano-luciferase(NLuc)reporter within gene segment 7 that encodes non-structural protein 3(NSP3).Furthermore,we adopted the UnaG reporter virus to screen anti-PoRV drugs and identified two promising antiviral drugs,C8 and C9.Moreover,we generated the recombinant PoRV(rAHFY2022-G5-VP7)containing G5 genotype of VP7 from PoRV-positive samples in the backbone of AHFY2022 strain.The reassortant strain exhibited efficient replication and genetic stability.Mouse models were utilized to evaluate the immune responses elicited by rAHFY2022-G5-VP7 strain in vivo,revealing similar neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response compared to the parental AHFY2022 strain in mice.Together,this study provides an important tool for screening potential anti-PoRV drugs and developing novel vaccines against prevalent PoRV strains.展开更多
Probiotics are known to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease,and their precise mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,we identified a strain of Enterococcus hirae QT4713,isolated from the Tibetan plateau,that exhibit...Probiotics are known to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease,and their precise mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,we identified a strain of Enterococcus hirae QT4713,isolated from the Tibetan plateau,that exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.After confirming its tolerance to gastrointestinal fluids and safety,we evaluated the effect of E.hirae QT4713 on IBD using a dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and analyzed the microbial response through metagenomic and metabolomics.The results indicated that E.hirae QT4713 alleviated colitis symptoms by reducing oxidative stress in the serum and inflammatory cytokine levels in colonic tissue,particularly IL-1β(P<0.05).It also reduced structural damage,inflammatory infiltration,and epithelial cell apoptosis in the colon.Additionally,the strain increased the expression of MUC-2 and occludin in colonic tissue,which helped to protect the colonic barrier.Furthermore,intervention with E.hirae QT4713 enriched beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus,increased the levels of butyric acid and propionic acid in the gut(P<0.05),regulated tryptophan metabolism,and promoted the production of its indole derivatives,including 3-indoleacetonitrile,3-indoleacrylic acid,and indole-3-lactic acid(P<0.05),thus alleviating colitis.These findings provide new insights into how probiotics,such as E.hirae QT4713,alleviated colitis in a gut microbiotaryptophan metabolism-dependent manner.展开更多
Water-rich sand layers are frequently encountered as adverse geological conditions during underground construction.Polymer slurry grouting has been widely recognized as an effective technique for reducing permeability...Water-rich sand layers are frequently encountered as adverse geological conditions during underground construction.Polymer slurry grouting has been widely recognized as an effective technique for reducing permeability and enhancing the stability of such strata.In this study,a mathematical model is established to describe the diffusion behavior of polymer slurry in porous media under dynamic water conditions and is further validated through laboratory experiments.The theoretical formulation of the slurry permeation process is developed based on Darcy's law,the Hagen–Poiseuille flow principle,and the physicochemical characteristics of the slurry.The derivation primarily focuses on analyzing the dynamic response of the slurry under the influence of water flow,considering the effects of flow velocity,grouting pressure,and sand-layer porosity on diffusion behavior.To verify the proposed model,a visualized grouting simulation system was designed to observe the diffusion process of polymer slurry in water-rich sand layers.The results demonstrate that slurry diffusion is significantly affected by grouting pressure,porosity,and water flow velocity.The observed staged diffusion characteristics,dynamic evolution patterns,and directional effects are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.Furthermore,the average relative deviations between the theoretical and experimental results for diffusion pressure and diffusion distance are both less than 25%,confirming the reliability of the proposed model.Additionally,this study identifies distinct differences in slurry diffusion between porous and void media.In porous media,slurry propagation encounters greater hydraulic resistance,leading to rapid pressure attenuation and a limited diffusion range.Conversely,diffusion in void media occurs more smoothly due to the continuous cavity structure,resulting in slower pressure decay and a substantially larger diffusion radius.These findings elucidate the mechanisms governing slurry diffusion under dynamic water conditions and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing grouting parameters and improving construction efficiency in water-bearing strata.展开更多
Background:Resistance to sunitinib represents a major clinical obstacle in the management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC).This investigation aims to identify genes associated with sunitinib resistance and el...Background:Resistance to sunitinib represents a major clinical obstacle in the management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC).This investigation aims to identify genes associated with sunitinib resistance and elucidate potential molecular pathways in ccRCC.Methods:To identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cells and their parental cells,bioinformatic analysis was performed on the GSE216494 dataset.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and topological analyses pinpointed a hub gene.Sunitinib-resistant A498 and 786-O cell lines were employed for in vitro validation.Sunitinib sensitivity and cell proliferation were evaluated using functional assays,such as colony formation and Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8).Protein interactions and signaling pathway activity are investigated using co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP),dual-luciferase reporter assays,and immunofluorescence.In resistant cells and patient-derived organoids(PDOs),the therapeutic potential of olaparib,either by itself or in conjunction with sunitinib,was assessed.Results:Sunitinib-resistant cells and patient tissues were shown to exhibit consistent upregulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 9(PARP9).PARP9 knockdown sensitized resistant cells to sunitinib,suppressing proliferation.Conversely,its overexpression induced resistance in parental cells.Additionally,STAT1 and PARP9 interact to promote nuclear translocation and STAT1 phosphorylation.Activation of the STAT1/IRF1 axis further enhanced the expression of ISG15 and IFIT1.Olaparib treatment can increase sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cells.Olaparib can weaken the STAT1/IRF1 signaling pathway and prevent sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cells from proliferating.Importantly,combination treatment with olaparib and sunitinib showed superior antitumor efficacy in ccRCC PDOs.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that PARP9 promotes sunitinib resistance in ccRCC by activating the STAT1/IRF1 pathway and upregulating ISG15/IFIT1.展开更多
To investigate the mechanism governing the continuous decline in fracture conductivity of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs post-hydraulic fracturing,this study centers on the synergistic effects of two key mechani...To investigate the mechanism governing the continuous decline in fracture conductivity of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs post-hydraulic fracturing,this study centers on the synergistic effects of two key mechanisms—particle migration and proppant embedment.Through the integration of laboratory experiments and computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)coupled numerical simulations,this study systematically examines the influence patterns of varying closure pressures,particle concentrations,fluid properties,and proppant parameters on fracture conductivity.The experimental results demonstrate that particle migration induces pore blockage within the proppant packing layer.When the fines mass concentration reaches 10%,fracture conductivity is almost entirely lost.Furthermore,the embedment depth of proppants increases with increasing closure pressure,and the embedment depth of proppants with a high elastic modulus is twice that of those with a low elastic modulus under a closure pressure of 35 MPa.Numerical simulations further reveal that fluid viscosity and displacement rate significantly govern the migration range and blockage pattern of particles.When the fluid viscosity is 10 mPa·s and the displacement rate is 200 mL/min,a balance between fracturing construction efficiency and fracture damage can be attained.The coupled model developed in this study accurately predicts the attenuation law of fracture conductivity under the synergistic effect of these two mechanisms.This model addresses the gap in understanding the coupled effects of mechanisms in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in existing literature and provides a theoretical foundation and engineering guidance for parameter optimization in the fracturing design of such reservoirs.展开更多
This letter critically comments on the article by Zheng et al investigating the role of aucubin in alleviating diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP).DNP arises from hyperglycaemia-induced nerve injury and microglial reprogra...This letter critically comments on the article by Zheng et al investigating the role of aucubin in alleviating diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP).DNP arises from hyperglycaemia-induced nerve injury and microglial reprogramming toward aerobic glycolysis.Aldose reductase(also known as AKR1B1)redirects excess glucose flux through the polyol pathway,thus increasing oxidative stress and inflammation.Zheng et al show that aucubin,a plant iridoid glycoside,reverses streptozotocin-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviour in mice.Mechanistically,aucubin restores microglial morphology,reduces glycolytic flux,enhances oxidative phosphorylation and lowers tumour necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6 levels in spinal tissue and cultures of the BV-2 microglial cell line.Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses identify AKR1B1 as a key target,confirmed by the fact that short hairpin RNA knockdown of AKR1B1 eliminates the effects of aucubin.Contrary to the other studies,this study uniquely implicates the polyol pathway in microglial immunometabolism.展开更多
Gas generators are systems that in certain emergency situations generate functional gases that are used for power sources,safety engineering,fire applications,and various other types of important gases,such as oxygen ...Gas generators are systems that in certain emergency situations generate functional gases that are used for power sources,safety engineering,fire applications,and various other types of important gases,such as oxygen or gaseous fuels.Green gas-producing agents in fire extinguishers,such as the 5-Amino Tetrazole(5-AT)exhibit low combustion stability.The regulation of temperature,rate,and stability of combustion is a key part of the combustion performance of the gas-producing agents;however,pre-vious studies found in the literature have focused mainly on one single modifier for isolated perfor-mance enhancement,whereas these three indexes are often trade-offs constraining each other.To regulate the overall performance of the gas-producing agent,copper oxalate(CuC2O4)and copper oxide(CuO)were selected as binary composite coolants.The obtained results indicate that the addition of coolant effectively promotes pyrolysis towards lower temperatures,accompanied by a decrease in the apparent activation energy corresponding to the pyrolysis process.Through a precise adjustment of the composition ratio of CuC2O4/CuO,the reduction of the combustion temperature exceeds 340°C,the adjustable burning rates span a range of 1.420.45 cm/s,and the controllable pressure exponent modulation is between 0.61 and 0.97.Also,the presence of CuC2O4/CuO induces a decrease in the average particle size of the condensed combustion products.The results of this study may provide a basis for the performance tuning and formulation design of gas-producing agents based on 5-AT for critical defence applications.展开更多
Penetrance is a crucial indicator for accurately assessing disease risk and plays a vital role in disease research,gene therapy,and genetic counseling.However,with penetrance data dispersed across various sources,effi...Penetrance is a crucial indicator for accurately assessing disease risk and plays a vital role in disease research,gene therapy,and genetic counseling.However,with penetrance data dispersed across various sources,efficiently accessing and consolidating this information becomes a challenge.A comprehensive platform that integrates penetrance is urgently needed.Here,we present PenCards,a global,community-contributed public archive of variant penetrance,by first collecting penetrance data from all published literature and then using large international cohorts to specifically calculate the penetrance of autism-related variants.PenCards contains a total of 244,531 variants,including 239,244 single nucleotide variants,4994 insertions and deletions,and 293 copy number variants,covering approximately 300 phenotypes.We also provide a submission portal for the dynamic updating of penetrance.Additionally,to help users efficiently access genetic information,we comprehensively integrate over 150 variant-and gene-level resources.In summary,PenCards is a powerful platform designed to advance genetic research and diagnostics.PenCards is publicly available at http://gffzz423c9aaee4fd4edbs6fn5uw5qunnf6pvw.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/pencards/.展开更多
Laser shock peening(LSP)is an advanced surface strengthening technique crucial for enhancing the performance of critical components operating in extreme service environments.By generating gradient residual compressive...Laser shock peening(LSP)is an advanced surface strengthening technique crucial for enhancing the performance of critical components operating in extreme service environments.By generating gradient residual compressive stress and refining the microstructure via the interaction between the laser and metallic materials,LSP achieves multiscale modulation of the surface properties of metal components and considerably improves the fatigue,wear,and corrosion resistance of the material under demanding conditions.Owing to its noncontact surface modification process and properties,LSP has garnered considerable interest across fields such as aerospace,rail transit,biomedicine,and the nuclear industry.The pulse duration of the laser used in LSP considerably influences its interaction with metallic materials.Ultrashort-pulsed LSP exhibits extreme nonlinear,nonequilibrium,and multiscale time/space properties during its interaction with metallic materials,distinguishing it from short-pulsed LSP.However,existing reviews have predominantly analyzed LSP based on various factors,equipment,single performance,and applications.The pulse duration,which inevitably influences the application of LSP,has not been investigated yet.This review analyzes about 180 short-pulsed LSP and approximately 100 ultrashort-pulsed LSP papers published between 1963 and 2025 and focuses on the laser pulse duration to elucidate the existing status and prospective application value of short-and ultrashort-pulsed LSP from the viewpoints of mechanisms,processes,and applications.The associated challenges and prospects are examined and summarized using strengthening mechanisms,high-fidelity prediction models,process coupling innovations,and intelligent and efficient strengthening equipment.This work offers valuable insights for advancing laser manufacturing processes towards meeting the rigorous demands of extreme applications.展开更多
Natural products are widely distributed across various organisms,and exhibit potent physiological activities.Among these,plant-derived natural products are extensively utilized in the food,pharmaceutical,and healthcar...Natural products are widely distributed across various organisms,and exhibit potent physiological activities.Among these,plant-derived natural products are extensively utilized in the food,pharmaceutical,and healthcare industries.Traditional extraction methods primarily rely on plant extraction but suffer from drawbacks such as low yield,long growth cycles,and high resource consumption.Consequently,microbial fermentation technology has emerged as an alternative solution,offering advantages including the ability to utilize abundant raw materials and its environmentally friendly and sustainable characteristics.This review summarizes recent advances in the biosynthesis and functional mechanisms of four classes of plant-derived natural products—alkaloids,terpenoids,phenylpropanoids,and polysaccharides—while also examining the challenges and future prospects for their practical applications.展开更多
Berries are characterized by their high nutrient content and the presence of bioactive compounds.However,their thin skin and high moisture content render them highly susceptible to postharvest spoilage.Conventional pr...Berries are characterized by their high nutrient content and the presence of bioactive compounds.However,their thin skin and high moisture content render them highly susceptible to postharvest spoilage.Conventional processing methods can extend shelf life to a certain degree;however,they frequently result in nutrient loss,sensory quality deterioration,and increased energy consumption.In recent years,high-efficiency physical field technologies(such as acoustic field,electromagnetic fields,pressure field,and plasma)have provided new technological pathways for addressing the aforementioned challenges.The utilization of non-thermal or low-temperature processing characteristics enables the effective preservation of berry nutrients and flavor during critical stages,such as sterilization,drying,freezing,thawing,and refrigeration.Furthermore,these physical fields enhance processing efficiency,reduce energy consumption,and delay the deterioration of quality during storage.This paper systematically reviews the research progress in various physical fields of berry processing and quality enhancement,summarizing their fundamental concepts,mechanisms of action,and effects on berry quality across different processing stages,and discusses their prospects for industrial application in the food processing industry.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is increasing significantly as the population ages.DCM is one of the main causes of heart failure and mortality among patients with diabetes.Impaired mitophagy l...BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is increasing significantly as the population ages.DCM is one of the main causes of heart failure and mortality among patients with diabetes.Impaired mitophagy leads to mitochondrial dysfunction,which in turn aggravates DCM progression.Microtubule affinityregulating kinase 4(MARK4)is a key regulator of autophagy in adipocytes.AIM To investigate the role of MARK4 in mitophagy in DCM.METHODS A mouse model of type 2 DCM was developed by administration of low-dose streptozotocin(50 mg/kg)combined with a high-fat diet.After 12 weeks MARK4 expression was knocked down in the mice by injection of the adeno-associated virus AAV9 into the tail vein.Four weeks later,cardiac function and structure were evaluated by echocardiography,and blood glucose levels and body weights were recorded.Mitochondrial ultrastructure and autophagosomes were assessed using electron microscopy.Mitochondrial membrane potentials were examined using fluorescence microscopy while the MARK4 and mitophagy-associated protein levels were investigated using western blotting.The downstream factors of MARK4 were identified using RNA-seq sequencing and bioinformatics with empirical confirmation.RESULTS MARK4 levels were markedly increased in the DCM animal and cardiomyocyte models.Downregulation of MARK4 in DCM mice reduced myocardial tissue injury,increased mitophagy,and mitigated damage to cardiac function.RNA-seq indicated that MARK4 downregulation promoted mitophagy via upregulation of UNC-51-like kinase 1,alleviating myocardial injury in mice.This was confirmed in cell rescue experiments.Bioinformatics predicted interaction between MARK4 and the autophagy marker protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B.This was verified using co-immunoprecipitation.CONCLUSION Downregulation of MARK4 in DCM mice can reduce myocardial injury,protect mitochondrial function,and promote mitophagy by upregulating UNC-51-like kinase 1,protecting against cardiac damage.展开更多
Background:Laminarin,aβ-1,3-glucan derived from brown algae,possesses various bioactive properties.However,its conventional purification process is laborious and technically challenging.This study aimed to develop a ...Background:Laminarin,aβ-1,3-glucan derived from brown algae,possesses various bioactive properties.However,its conventional purification process is laborious and technically challenging.This study aimed to develop a novel method for the rapid and selective extraction of laminarin from seaweeds using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs).Methods:The magnetic MIPs were synthesized in an aqueous medium via surface radical polymerization.The synthesis employed laminarin as the template molecule,water-soluble VBTAC(4-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride)as the functional monomer,and MBA(N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide)as the crosslinker.The adsorption behavior of the polymers was evaluated,and the data were fitted to kinetic and isotherm models.Results:The adsorption process of laminarin onto the MIPs was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model.Under optimized conditions,the polymers achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 204.08μg·mg-1 with an imprinting factor of 1.33.Conclusion:The synthesized magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers demonstrated the ability to selectively and efficiently adsorb laminarin in empirical trials,offering a promising alternative to conventional purification methods.展开更多
基金supported by Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institutionthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.22405032,22375104,22201257,21902022,21601028)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2023QE104,ZR2022QE025,ZR2022QB058,ZR2021MB059,ZR2019QB026,ZR2018LB018)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20232390)Qingchuang Science and Technology Plan of Shandong Province(No.2021KJ054)。
摘要In this paper,a new series of donor-acceptor coordination polymers(DACPs),[Cd(dppz)(R-ndc)(H2O)]n(R=none,DZU-400;R=F,DZU-400-F;R=Br,DZU-400-Br;DZU is short for Dezhou University),[Cd(dppz)(adc)(H2O)]n(DZU-401),and{[Cd(dppz)(adb)0.5(HCOO)(H2O)]}n(DZU-402),have been successfully constructed through the combination of electron-deficient dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(dppz)as an acceptor and various dicarboxylic ligands(H2ndc=2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid,F-H2ndc=6,7-difluorona phthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid,Br-H2ndc=6,7-dibromonaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid,H2adc=9,10-anthracenedicarboxylic acid,and H2adb=4,4'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)dibenzoic acid)with electron-rich planar aromatic rings as donors.Structural analyses reveal closely parallel arrangement of the planar acceptor and donor units in these DACPs,which could facilitate the through-space charge transfer(TSCT)interactions of the D-A systems and the corresponding luminescent properties.Interestingly,the DACPs show highly regulable donor dependent photoluminescence from blue to orange.Based on the TSCT based luminescence and the high thermal stability of the DACPs,their thermal-stimuli responsive emission properties were further studied.Photoluminescence intensity of the DACPs all present good linearity with temperature(298-473K),as proved by variable temperature fluorescence spectra.Importantly,the temperature sensing process is reversible and recyclable,suggesting the promising applications of the DACPs as thermal-stimuli responsive materials.
基金funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20671)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0034)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engi-neering(Grant No.Z021003).
摘要The dynamic evolution of fracture permeability presents a critical scientific challenge in rock masses.Understanding the mechanisms of rock mass permeability evolution is vital for engineering project design and operations.By integrating the discrete element method(DEM)with the finite element method(FEM),a numerical simulation framework for shear seepage in rough fractured shale has been developed to investigate the dynamic mechanisms of permeability evolution under varying confining pressures and during the shearing process.Numerical simulations were conducted on rough fractured samples under effective confining pressures ranging from 5 MPa to 20 MPa to monitor the aperture and permeability evolution of the fracture.The results of the numerical simulation are consistent with the experimental observations,indicating that both the shearing process and confining pressure significantly influence permeability.Moreover,the magnitude of the confining pressure is a crucial factor influencing the trend in permeability changes.Under a confining pressure of 5 MPa,fracture permeability initially increases significantly but decreases post-shearing.In contrast,a continuous decrease in fracture permeability is observed when the confining pressure exceeds 10 MPa.The results of the shear numerical simulation indicate that the confining pressure restricts fracture dilation during shearing,promotes the generation of rock debris,and decreases both the permeability and transmissivity of the fracture.The wear results obtained from numerical simulations are consistent with the experimental patterns and correlate with the joint roughness coefficient(JRC).This study proposed an effective numerical simulation method to reveal the evolution mechanism of fracture flow capacity,taking into account the wear of the fracture surface in shear simulations and the initial stress state of the rock in seepage simulations.This research explains the permeability evolution mechanism of fractured shale from a microscopic perspective,and the proposed numerical simulation method for shear seepage provides a powerful means to uncover the dynamic evolution mechanisms governing fracture permeability.
基金National Basic Research Plan Project of China,No.2023YFC3708303the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82241084the High-level Talent in Public Health of Beijing,No.Discipline Leaders-03-29(all to XL).
摘要Long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM2.5)may increase the risk of neurotoxicity in human populations.However,research studies on the underlying mechanisms of chronic PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors,and potential therapeutical strategies,remain scarce.In the present study,after long-term exposure to real-world PM2.5 for 15 weeks,male mice displayed depression-like behaviors,which were revealed using the open field and sucrose preference tests.Mechanistically,chronic PM2.5 exposure promoted astrocytic A1 polarization and disrupted reduction-oxidation balance in the mouse hippocampus.Furthermore,PM2.5-exposed mice displayed pathological damage to hippocampal neurons as well as the inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling.Astrocytic ablation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 exacerbated PM2.5-induced hippocampal neuronal injury in mice via the disruption of astrocyte-to-microglia communication;this finding was confirmed in mice with bilateral and unilateral hippocampal astrocytic Nfe2l2 knockdown.Importantly,the upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation by procyanidin significantly ameliorated PM2.5-induced depression-like behaviors through the remodeling of astrocyte-to-microglia communication.Together,our findings shed light on the important role of hippocampal astrocytic nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation for maintaining astrocyte-to-microglia communication,and indicate potential research avenues for therapeutic strategies against PM2.5-induced depresson-like behaviors.
基金funded by the Academic Backbone Support Project of the Northeast Agricultural University,China,the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.LH2021D014)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41701289).
摘要Soil salinization has become a significant global ecological and resource problem.Alfalfa cropping has been recognized as an effective method for improving soil fertility and promoting the sustainable growth of agricultural ecosystems.In this study,an 18-year-old alfalfa cultivation area within the saline-alkali Songnen Plain in Northeast China was selected to determine the contribution of the microbial network to the improvement of saline-alkali soils after alfalfa cropping.Our findings indicated that the multi-kingdom microbial network,comprising fungi,bacteria,and archaea,was more complex and stable than the single-kingdom networks.Specifically,the multi-kingdom network exhibited an increased number of nodes and connections,demonstrating higher complexity.By cultivating alfalfa in saline-alkali soils,fungal nodes in the multi-kingdom network demonstrated significantly higher degree and betweenness compared to bacterial nodes and archaeal nodes.Additionally,fungi had a higher natural connectivity,which contributed to the overall network stability.In contrast,the bacterial subset in the multi-kingdom network in bare land exhibited a higher degree,betweenness,and natural connectivity.Furthermore,changes in the topological properties of the microbial network,including its complexity and stability,were significantly correlated with environmental factors,such as soil electrical conductivity and pH.In conclusion,cultivating alfalfa stabilized the self-organization in the multi-kingdom network in saline-alkaline soils and increased the complexity and stability of the fungal network.These findings provide a foundation for further research into the role of multi-kingdom microbial communities in soil ecosystems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42572150).
摘要Fluvial tight sandstones,as unconventional reservoirs,feature complex sedimentary,diagenetic,and reservoir quality heterogeneities that fundamentally control their exploration and development.This study focuses on typical fluvial tight sandstones of the Shanxi Formation in northern Sulige Gas Field(Ordos Basin),using core samples,field sections,logging data,and analytical tests to investigate the coupling relationships among sedimentary,diagenetic,and reservoir quality heterogeneities.Results demonstrate that:the target layer in the study area develops six lithofacies,three braided river sandbody architectural elements,two meandering river sandbody architectural elements,and five diagenetic facies.Different architectural elements and their internal lithofacies exhibit differences and coupling relationships in the strengths of sedimentary heterogeneity and diagenetic heterogeneity.Specifically:strong compaction diagenetic facies primarily occurs in siltstone lithofacies of sand-dominated,weakly sedimentary heterogeneous architectural elements;strong dissolution+microfracture development diagenetic facies is mainly distributed in coarser-grained sandstones of sand-dominated architectural elements with low sedimentary heterogeneity;clay mineral intercrystalline pore-dominated diagenetic facies is primarily located near interbeds within all architectural elements;strong carbonate cementation diagenetic facies predominates in thick mudstones at the top/bottom of architectural elements,and at contacts with pure mudstone interbeds;strong clay mineral cementation diagenetic facies concentrates in medium-heterogeneity architectural elements near pure mudstone interbeds and at contacts with silty mudstone interbeds.Sedimentary and diagenetic heterogeneities jointly control reservoir quality distribution in all architectural elements(excluding basal conglomerates):porosity and permeability decrease in positive rhythm as lithofacies grain size fines,while irreducible water saturation increases in inverse rhythm.The findings of this study can provide a robust basis for the exploration and development deployment of fluvial tight sandstone reservoirs.
基金Project supported by the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(QianKeHeJiChu-ZK2024YiBan077)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51762010)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61965004)the financial support from the Introduced Talents Funds of Guizhou University(2022-05)。
摘要Multifunctional phosphors have gained significant attention for their extensive application potential.In this work,novel Eu3+/Mn4+co-doped GdGeSbO6dual-emission phosphors were synthesized by high temperature solid-phase method.The crystal structure,optical properties,and temperature-sensing performance of these phosphors were systematically investigated.Under 463 nm excitation,GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+phosphors have multiple emission peaks in the range of 500-800 nm,corresponding to the5D0→7FJ transition for Eu3+and the2E→4A2 transition for Mn4+,respectively.The optical temperature properties of GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+were analyzed using fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR)analysis,and the maximum relative sensitivity at 423 K is found to be 2.73%/K.By integrating GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+phosphors with near-UV light-emitting diode(LED)chips,a prototype LED device was successfully fabricated with a spectrum that significantly overlaps with the absorption curve of phytochrome.In addition,the anti-counterfeiting ink was prepared using GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+phosphors,and they show tunable emission under different light stimulation.These results indicate that GdGeSbO6:Eu3+,Mn4+multifunctional phosphors have promising applications in optical thermometry,promoting plant growth and anti-counterfeiting.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81301128,81771500,82202789,82205065)the 2022 Suzhou Health Youth Backbone Talent“National Tutorial System”Training Project(Qngg2022024)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Suzhou City of China(SKJYD2021195)the Science,Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(JCYJ20220530165211026)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program in Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_3157,KYCX24_3371,YCX25_3517).
摘要Growing evidence suggests that exercise can provide neuroprotection by improving mitochondrial quality control(MQC)on the aged brain.Adenosine 5′-monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling responsiveness declines with aging.However,whether AMPK plays a role in the exercise-mediated improvement of memory and MQC in the aged hippocampus remains to be established.5-Aminoimidazole 4-carboxamide ribonucleoside(AICAR),a pharmacological agonist of AMPK,has been proposed to be an exercise mimetic recently.However,it has not been clarified whether AICAR could mimic the effects of exercise on the aged hippocampus through improvement of MQC.In this study,AICAR(AMPK agonist)and Compound C(AMPK inhibitor)were used to investigate if AMPK plays a key role in exercise-induced improvement of MQC and if AICAR could act as an exercise mimetic through improvement of MQC in aged hippocampus.Both exercise and AICAR improved the memory of aged mice and increased AMPK phosphorylation in the aged hippocampus.Exercise,but not AICAR,improved mitochondrial respiratory function in the aged hippocampus and increased the microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-II/LC3-I ratio and the protein expression of LC3-II and autophagy related protein 7(ATG7)in the lysate of whole hippocampal tissue.Both exercise and AICAR increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and the protein expression of LC3-II in the mitochondrial fractions of the hippocampus.Regarding mitochondrial dynamics,neither exercise training nor AICAR changed the protein level of mitofusin 2(Mfn2).Exercise,but not AICAR,increased the protein level of dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1).Furthermore,both exercise training and AICAR increased the protein level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α(PGC-1α),a modulator of mitochondrial biogenesis.Compound C abolished the exercise-induced effects on memory in aged mice,AMPK phosphorylation,autophagy,mitophagy,and mitochondrial fission in the aged hippocampus.However,Compound C did not reverse the exercise-induced increase in PGC-1α protein levels in the aged hippocampus.Our data provide evidence that AMPK plays an important role in the exercise-induced improvement of memory and MQC in the hippocampus of aged mice.Importantly,we demonstrated for the first time that AICAR could partially mimetic the beneficial effects of endurance exercise on memory and MQC in the hippocampus of aged mice,and thus may be a promising exercise mimetic for counteracting brain aging.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFD1800502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302892,32573401)+2 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB766)the S&T Program of Hebei(21322401D),Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(23)1029)Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Modern Agriculture,BE2023317).
摘要Group A rotaviruses(RVs)continue to be one of the most important pathogens causing severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young animals worldwide.Recently,the prevalence of porcine RV(PoRV)from pig farms has strikingly increased,adversely affecting the swine industry,particularly with the G9 genotype of PoRV VP7 emerging as the predominant genotype spreading in China.Current vaccines against PoRV fail to provide sufficient protective immunity,necessitating urgent development of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs against PoRV.Here,we successfully established and improved the entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics(RG)system to rescue a G9 genotype of recombinant PoRV AHFY2022 strain(G9P[23]).Using the improved RG system,we rescued recombinant AHFY2022 harboring the fluorescent UnaG protein or nano-luciferase(NLuc)reporter within gene segment 7 that encodes non-structural protein 3(NSP3).Furthermore,we adopted the UnaG reporter virus to screen anti-PoRV drugs and identified two promising antiviral drugs,C8 and C9.Moreover,we generated the recombinant PoRV(rAHFY2022-G5-VP7)containing G5 genotype of VP7 from PoRV-positive samples in the backbone of AHFY2022 strain.The reassortant strain exhibited efficient replication and genetic stability.Mouse models were utilized to evaluate the immune responses elicited by rAHFY2022-G5-VP7 strain in vivo,revealing similar neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response compared to the parental AHFY2022 strain in mice.Together,this study provides an important tool for screening potential anti-PoRV drugs and developing novel vaccines against prevalent PoRV strains.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFF1107000)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200782)Xizang Autonomous Region financial special project(XZCZ-SS-2025)。
摘要Probiotics are known to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease,and their precise mechanisms remain unclear.In this study,we identified a strain of Enterococcus hirae QT4713,isolated from the Tibetan plateau,that exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity in vitro.After confirming its tolerance to gastrointestinal fluids and safety,we evaluated the effect of E.hirae QT4713 on IBD using a dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and analyzed the microbial response through metagenomic and metabolomics.The results indicated that E.hirae QT4713 alleviated colitis symptoms by reducing oxidative stress in the serum and inflammatory cytokine levels in colonic tissue,particularly IL-1β(P<0.05).It also reduced structural damage,inflammatory infiltration,and epithelial cell apoptosis in the colon.Additionally,the strain increased the expression of MUC-2 and occludin in colonic tissue,which helped to protect the colonic barrier.Furthermore,intervention with E.hirae QT4713 enriched beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus,increased the levels of butyric acid and propionic acid in the gut(P<0.05),regulated tryptophan metabolism,and promoted the production of its indole derivatives,including 3-indoleacetonitrile,3-indoleacrylic acid,and indole-3-lactic acid(P<0.05),thus alleviating colitis.These findings provide new insights into how probiotics,such as E.hirae QT4713,alleviated colitis in a gut microbiotaryptophan metabolism-dependent manner.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52578491)the Outstanding Youth Fund for Natural Science of Henan Province(Grant No.232300421064)the Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(Grant No.25HASTIT014).
摘要Water-rich sand layers are frequently encountered as adverse geological conditions during underground construction.Polymer slurry grouting has been widely recognized as an effective technique for reducing permeability and enhancing the stability of such strata.In this study,a mathematical model is established to describe the diffusion behavior of polymer slurry in porous media under dynamic water conditions and is further validated through laboratory experiments.The theoretical formulation of the slurry permeation process is developed based on Darcy's law,the Hagen–Poiseuille flow principle,and the physicochemical characteristics of the slurry.The derivation primarily focuses on analyzing the dynamic response of the slurry under the influence of water flow,considering the effects of flow velocity,grouting pressure,and sand-layer porosity on diffusion behavior.To verify the proposed model,a visualized grouting simulation system was designed to observe the diffusion process of polymer slurry in water-rich sand layers.The results demonstrate that slurry diffusion is significantly affected by grouting pressure,porosity,and water flow velocity.The observed staged diffusion characteristics,dynamic evolution patterns,and directional effects are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.Furthermore,the average relative deviations between the theoretical and experimental results for diffusion pressure and diffusion distance are both less than 25%,confirming the reliability of the proposed model.Additionally,this study identifies distinct differences in slurry diffusion between porous and void media.In porous media,slurry propagation encounters greater hydraulic resistance,leading to rapid pressure attenuation and a limited diffusion range.Conversely,diffusion in void media occurs more smoothly due to the continuous cavity structure,resulting in slower pressure decay and a substantially larger diffusion radius.These findings elucidate the mechanisms governing slurry diffusion under dynamic water conditions and provide a theoretical basis for optimizing grouting parameters and improving construction efficiency in water-bearing strata.
基金funded by the Special Fund for Clinical Research of Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(320.6750.2025-02-7)the Horizontal Research Project of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and Yunnan Yunke Biotechnology Institution(5212).
摘要Background:Resistance to sunitinib represents a major clinical obstacle in the management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC).This investigation aims to identify genes associated with sunitinib resistance and elucidate potential molecular pathways in ccRCC.Methods:To identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cells and their parental cells,bioinformatic analysis was performed on the GSE216494 dataset.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and topological analyses pinpointed a hub gene.Sunitinib-resistant A498 and 786-O cell lines were employed for in vitro validation.Sunitinib sensitivity and cell proliferation were evaluated using functional assays,such as colony formation and Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8).Protein interactions and signaling pathway activity are investigated using co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP),dual-luciferase reporter assays,and immunofluorescence.In resistant cells and patient-derived organoids(PDOs),the therapeutic potential of olaparib,either by itself or in conjunction with sunitinib,was assessed.Results:Sunitinib-resistant cells and patient tissues were shown to exhibit consistent upregulation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 9(PARP9).PARP9 knockdown sensitized resistant cells to sunitinib,suppressing proliferation.Conversely,its overexpression induced resistance in parental cells.Additionally,STAT1 and PARP9 interact to promote nuclear translocation and STAT1 phosphorylation.Activation of the STAT1/IRF1 axis further enhanced the expression of ISG15 and IFIT1.Olaparib treatment can increase sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cells.Olaparib can weaken the STAT1/IRF1 signaling pathway and prevent sunitinib-resistant ccRCC cells from proliferating.Importantly,combination treatment with olaparib and sunitinib showed superior antitumor efficacy in ccRCC PDOs.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that PARP9 promotes sunitinib resistance in ccRCC by activating the STAT1/IRF1 pathway and upregulating ISG15/IFIT1.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51704324,U1762213)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022ME068)the Government of Perm Krai,research project No.CЭд-26-08-08-32 from 25.01.2024.
摘要To investigate the mechanism governing the continuous decline in fracture conductivity of unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs post-hydraulic fracturing,this study centers on the synergistic effects of two key mechanisms—particle migration and proppant embedment.Through the integration of laboratory experiments and computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method(CFD-DEM)coupled numerical simulations,this study systematically examines the influence patterns of varying closure pressures,particle concentrations,fluid properties,and proppant parameters on fracture conductivity.The experimental results demonstrate that particle migration induces pore blockage within the proppant packing layer.When the fines mass concentration reaches 10%,fracture conductivity is almost entirely lost.Furthermore,the embedment depth of proppants increases with increasing closure pressure,and the embedment depth of proppants with a high elastic modulus is twice that of those with a low elastic modulus under a closure pressure of 35 MPa.Numerical simulations further reveal that fluid viscosity and displacement rate significantly govern the migration range and blockage pattern of particles.When the fluid viscosity is 10 mPa·s and the displacement rate is 200 mL/min,a balance between fracturing construction efficiency and fracture damage can be attained.The coupled model developed in this study accurately predicts the attenuation law of fracture conductivity under the synergistic effect of these two mechanisms.This model addresses the gap in understanding the coupled effects of mechanisms in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs in existing literature and provides a theoretical foundation and engineering guidance for parameter optimization in the fracturing design of such reservoirs.
基金Supported by the Top-level Talents Support Program of Yangzhou University“Lv Yang Jin Feng”Outstanding Doctor of Yangzhou,No.YZLYJFJH2023YXBS169Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20240907.
摘要This letter critically comments on the article by Zheng et al investigating the role of aucubin in alleviating diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP).DNP arises from hyperglycaemia-induced nerve injury and microglial reprogramming toward aerobic glycolysis.Aldose reductase(also known as AKR1B1)redirects excess glucose flux through the polyol pathway,thus increasing oxidative stress and inflammation.Zheng et al show that aucubin,a plant iridoid glycoside,reverses streptozotocin-induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviour in mice.Mechanistically,aucubin restores microglial morphology,reduces glycolytic flux,enhances oxidative phosphorylation and lowers tumour necrosis factor-α,interleukin(IL)-1βand IL-6 levels in spinal tissue and cultures of the BV-2 microglial cell line.Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses identify AKR1B1 as a key target,confirmed by the fact that short hairpin RNA knockdown of AKR1B1 eliminates the effects of aucubin.Contrary to the other studies,this study uniquely implicates the polyol pathway in microglial immunometabolism.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Grant Nos.52306145 and 12572415)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20230929)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M731693)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Post-doctoral Talent,China.
摘要Gas generators are systems that in certain emergency situations generate functional gases that are used for power sources,safety engineering,fire applications,and various other types of important gases,such as oxygen or gaseous fuels.Green gas-producing agents in fire extinguishers,such as the 5-Amino Tetrazole(5-AT)exhibit low combustion stability.The regulation of temperature,rate,and stability of combustion is a key part of the combustion performance of the gas-producing agents;however,pre-vious studies found in the literature have focused mainly on one single modifier for isolated perfor-mance enhancement,whereas these three indexes are often trade-offs constraining each other.To regulate the overall performance of the gas-producing agent,copper oxalate(CuC2O4)and copper oxide(CuO)were selected as binary composite coolants.The obtained results indicate that the addition of coolant effectively promotes pyrolysis towards lower temperatures,accompanied by a decrease in the apparent activation energy corresponding to the pyrolysis process.Through a precise adjustment of the composition ratio of CuC2O4/CuO,the reduction of the combustion temperature exceeds 340°C,the adjustable burning rates span a range of 1.420.45 cm/s,and the controllable pressure exponent modulation is between 0.61 and 0.97.Also,the presence of CuC2O4/CuO induces a decrease in the average particle size of the condensed combustion products.The results of this study may provide a basis for the performance tuning and formulation design of gas-producing agents based on 5-AT for critical defence applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070591,82371552,and W2512102)the Scientific Research Program of FuRong Laboratory(2023SK2093-1)+2 种基金the Central South University Research Programme of Advanced Interdisciplinary Study(2023QYJC010)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2023JJ30975)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(2025ZZTS0834).
摘要Penetrance is a crucial indicator for accurately assessing disease risk and plays a vital role in disease research,gene therapy,and genetic counseling.However,with penetrance data dispersed across various sources,efficiently accessing and consolidating this information becomes a challenge.A comprehensive platform that integrates penetrance is urgently needed.Here,we present PenCards,a global,community-contributed public archive of variant penetrance,by first collecting penetrance data from all published literature and then using large international cohorts to specifically calculate the penetrance of autism-related variants.PenCards contains a total of 244,531 variants,including 239,244 single nucleotide variants,4994 insertions and deletions,and 293 copy number variants,covering approximately 300 phenotypes.We also provide a submission portal for the dynamic updating of penetrance.Additionally,to help users efficiently access genetic information,we comprehensively integrate over 150 variant-and gene-level resources.In summary,PenCards is a powerful platform designed to advance genetic research and diagnostics.PenCards is publicly available at http://gffzz423c9aaee4fd4edbs6fn5uw5qunnf6pvw.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/pencards/.
基金financial supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U2430214)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2024YFB4609000 and 2022YFB4601703)+4 种基金National Major Science and Technology Projects of China(Grant No.J2019-IV-0014-0082)Shanxi Provincial Outstanding Youth Science Foundation(Grant No.2023-JC-JQ-37)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52405240)National Vertical Research Projects(XXXX2023XXXC006)National Key Lab of Aerospace Power System and Plasma Technology foundation(Grant No.APSPT202301003).
摘要Laser shock peening(LSP)is an advanced surface strengthening technique crucial for enhancing the performance of critical components operating in extreme service environments.By generating gradient residual compressive stress and refining the microstructure via the interaction between the laser and metallic materials,LSP achieves multiscale modulation of the surface properties of metal components and considerably improves the fatigue,wear,and corrosion resistance of the material under demanding conditions.Owing to its noncontact surface modification process and properties,LSP has garnered considerable interest across fields such as aerospace,rail transit,biomedicine,and the nuclear industry.The pulse duration of the laser used in LSP considerably influences its interaction with metallic materials.Ultrashort-pulsed LSP exhibits extreme nonlinear,nonequilibrium,and multiscale time/space properties during its interaction with metallic materials,distinguishing it from short-pulsed LSP.However,existing reviews have predominantly analyzed LSP based on various factors,equipment,single performance,and applications.The pulse duration,which inevitably influences the application of LSP,has not been investigated yet.This review analyzes about 180 short-pulsed LSP and approximately 100 ultrashort-pulsed LSP papers published between 1963 and 2025 and focuses on the laser pulse duration to elucidate the existing status and prospective application value of short-and ultrashort-pulsed LSP from the viewpoints of mechanisms,processes,and applications.The associated challenges and prospects are examined and summarized using strengthening mechanisms,high-fidelity prediction models,process coupling innovations,and intelligent and efficient strengthening equipment.This work offers valuable insights for advancing laser manufacturing processes towards meeting the rigorous demands of extreme applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472368)the organization Department of Liaoning Province'Xingliao Talent Project'(XLYC2202023)the Zhejiang Province Leading Wild Goose Project(2023C02046).
摘要Natural products are widely distributed across various organisms,and exhibit potent physiological activities.Among these,plant-derived natural products are extensively utilized in the food,pharmaceutical,and healthcare industries.Traditional extraction methods primarily rely on plant extraction but suffer from drawbacks such as low yield,long growth cycles,and high resource consumption.Consequently,microbial fermentation technology has emerged as an alternative solution,offering advantages including the ability to utilize abundant raw materials and its environmentally friendly and sustainable characteristics.This review summarizes recent advances in the biosynthesis and functional mechanisms of four classes of plant-derived natural products—alkaloids,terpenoids,phenylpropanoids,and polysaccharides—while also examining the challenges and future prospects for their practical applications.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M732394,2023M732393)the Key Research and Development Program of the Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2024JH2/102500063).
摘要Berries are characterized by their high nutrient content and the presence of bioactive compounds.However,their thin skin and high moisture content render them highly susceptible to postharvest spoilage.Conventional processing methods can extend shelf life to a certain degree;however,they frequently result in nutrient loss,sensory quality deterioration,and increased energy consumption.In recent years,high-efficiency physical field technologies(such as acoustic field,electromagnetic fields,pressure field,and plasma)have provided new technological pathways for addressing the aforementioned challenges.The utilization of non-thermal or low-temperature processing characteristics enables the effective preservation of berry nutrients and flavor during critical stages,such as sterilization,drying,freezing,thawing,and refrigeration.Furthermore,these physical fields enhance processing efficiency,reduce energy consumption,and delay the deterioration of quality during storage.This paper systematically reviews the research progress in various physical fields of berry processing and quality enhancement,summarizing their fundamental concepts,mechanisms of action,and effects on berry quality across different processing stages,and discusses their prospects for industrial application in the food processing industry.
基金Supported by Health and Wellness Science and Technology Project of Hubei Province,No.WJ2025Q012。
摘要BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)is increasing significantly as the population ages.DCM is one of the main causes of heart failure and mortality among patients with diabetes.Impaired mitophagy leads to mitochondrial dysfunction,which in turn aggravates DCM progression.Microtubule affinityregulating kinase 4(MARK4)is a key regulator of autophagy in adipocytes.AIM To investigate the role of MARK4 in mitophagy in DCM.METHODS A mouse model of type 2 DCM was developed by administration of low-dose streptozotocin(50 mg/kg)combined with a high-fat diet.After 12 weeks MARK4 expression was knocked down in the mice by injection of the adeno-associated virus AAV9 into the tail vein.Four weeks later,cardiac function and structure were evaluated by echocardiography,and blood glucose levels and body weights were recorded.Mitochondrial ultrastructure and autophagosomes were assessed using electron microscopy.Mitochondrial membrane potentials were examined using fluorescence microscopy while the MARK4 and mitophagy-associated protein levels were investigated using western blotting.The downstream factors of MARK4 were identified using RNA-seq sequencing and bioinformatics with empirical confirmation.RESULTS MARK4 levels were markedly increased in the DCM animal and cardiomyocyte models.Downregulation of MARK4 in DCM mice reduced myocardial tissue injury,increased mitophagy,and mitigated damage to cardiac function.RNA-seq indicated that MARK4 downregulation promoted mitophagy via upregulation of UNC-51-like kinase 1,alleviating myocardial injury in mice.This was confirmed in cell rescue experiments.Bioinformatics predicted interaction between MARK4 and the autophagy marker protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B.This was verified using co-immunoprecipitation.CONCLUSION Downregulation of MARK4 in DCM mice can reduce myocardial injury,protect mitochondrial function,and promote mitophagy by upregulating UNC-51-like kinase 1,protecting against cardiac damage.
基金financially supported by Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation Key Project(No.20192ACBL20028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81760708)+2 种基金Major Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial Education Ministry(No.GJJ160809)Jiangxi Provincial Academic and Technology Project for Main Disciplines Leader(No.20162BCB22016)Harbin Special Foundation for Excellent Academic Leader Project(No.2014RFXXJ113).
摘要Background:Laminarin,aβ-1,3-glucan derived from brown algae,possesses various bioactive properties.However,its conventional purification process is laborious and technically challenging.This study aimed to develop a novel method for the rapid and selective extraction of laminarin from seaweeds using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs).Methods:The magnetic MIPs were synthesized in an aqueous medium via surface radical polymerization.The synthesis employed laminarin as the template molecule,water-soluble VBTAC(4-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride)as the functional monomer,and MBA(N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide)as the crosslinker.The adsorption behavior of the polymers was evaluated,and the data were fitted to kinetic and isotherm models.Results:The adsorption process of laminarin onto the MIPs was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model.Under optimized conditions,the polymers achieved a maximum adsorption capacity of 204.08μg·mg-1 with an imprinting factor of 1.33.Conclusion:The synthesized magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers demonstrated the ability to selectively and efficiently adsorb laminarin in empirical trials,offering a promising alternative to conventional purification methods.