Developing Cu-based composites that simultaneously achieve ultra-high strength,ductility,and electrical conductivity remains critical for advanced electrical contact applications.In this work,multiphase AlCrCuFeNi_(2....Developing Cu-based composites that simultaneously achieve ultra-high strength,ductility,and electrical conductivity remains critical for advanced electrical contact applications.In this work,multiphase AlCrCuFeNi2.5high-entropy alloy(HEA)reinforcements are incorporated into CuCrZr matrix via spark plasma sintering(SPS)and annealing,constructing hierarchically strengthened composites with optimized strength(1149 MPa)-ductility(27.6%)-conductivity(39.6%IACS)synergy.Annealinginduced precipitation of Cr-rich phases compensates for conductivity loss from interfacial diffusion while enhancing strength.During deformation,the multiphase HEA continuously activates stacking fault networks and Lomer-Cottrell locks,enabling compatible deformation with the matrix and remarkable plasticity.The strategy to introduce the novel hierarchical structure paves a new way to develop high-performance Cu-based composites.展开更多
Introducing high dislocation density has proven effective for attaining ultrahigh strength while retaining ductility.However,the role of high dislocation density in affecting the crack initiation and propagation(i.e.,...Introducing high dislocation density has proven effective for attaining ultrahigh strength while retaining ductility.However,the role of high dislocation density in affecting the crack initiation and propagation(i.e.,toughness)is still unclear.The present study investigates the notch fracture behavior and deformation mechanisms of a strong and ductile FeNiAl steel with yield strength of 1797 MPa and uniform elongation of 28.5%,possessing high dislocation density resulting from severe cold-rolling process.The cold rolled steel with high dislocation density exhibits superior crack initiation resistance and fracture energy compared to the annealed counterpart with low dislocation density.Pronounced necking and strain localization are found at notch roots of the cold-rolled sample,indicating enhanced plastic deformation despite its higher yield strength and lower work hardening capacity.The dual roles of high dislocation density are identified:(1)dense dislocation networks restrict dislocation mobility to enhance flow stress while limiting large-range plastic strain under gradient stress;(2)whereas coordinated short-distance slip of abundant dislocations enables intensive and severe plastic strain that suppresses crack nucleation locally,providing critical insights for designing damage-tolerant ultrahigh-strength steels.展开更多
This study elucidates the oxidation mechanisms governing Y/Hf-doped AlCoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and reveals the pivotal role of fabrication processes in dictating high-temperature oxidation behavior.We demon...This study elucidates the oxidation mechanisms governing Y/Hf-doped AlCoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and reveals the pivotal role of fabrication processes in dictating high-temperature oxidation behavior.We demonstrate that casting and spark plasma sintering(SPS)promote Y/Hf segregation,resulting in heterogeneous oxide formation and compromised scale stability,whereas filtered cathodic vacuum arc(FCVA)deposition yields grain-boundary-free coatings with amorphous microstructures that foster the development of continuous dense Al2O3 films.Compared to conventional MCrAlY coatings,the FCVA-fabricated HEAs exhibit a tenfold reduction in oxidation rate.Notably,Al depletion during oxidation induces a B2→FCC phase transition,accelerating Fe/Co/Ni/Cr outward diffusion and facilitating spinel formation.Although Y/Hf co-doping effectively suppresses Al diffusion via the formation of large ionic clusters,the synergy is limited by atomic size mismatch.Our findings underscore that oxidation resistance is governed not merely by reactive element content but critically by their spatial distribution and the continuity of the protective oxide layer,offering a process-informed pathway to optimize high-temperature performance of HEA-based bond coats.展开更多
Developing low-cost and green simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification technologies is of great significance for sulfur dioxide(SO2)and nitrogen oxide(NOx)emission control at low temperatures,especially ...Developing low-cost and green simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification technologies is of great significance for sulfur dioxide(SO2)and nitrogen oxide(NOx)emission control at low temperatures,especially for small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers and furnaces.Herein,phosphorus sludge,an industrial waste from the production process of yellow phosphorus,has been developed to simultaneously eliminate SO2and NOxfrom coal-fired flue gas.The key factors affecting the experimental results indicate that desulfurization and denitrification efficiency of over 95%can be achieved at a low temperature of 55℃.Further,the absorption mechanism was investigated by characterizing the solid and liquid phases of the phosphorus sludge during the absorption process.The efficient removal of SO2is attributed to the abundance of iron(Fe3+)and manganese(Mn2+)in the absorbent.SO2can be rapidly catalyzed and converted to SO42-by them.The key to NOx removal is the oxidation of NO toward watersoluble high-valent nitrogen oxides by oxidizing reactive substances induced via yellow phosphorus,which are then absorbed by water and converted to NO3-.Meanwhile,yellow phosphorus is oxidized to phosphoric acid(H3PO4).The spent absorption slurry can be reused through wet process phosphoric acid production,as it contains sulfuric acid(H2SO4),nitric acid(HNO3),and H3PO4.Accordingly,this is a technology with broad application prospects.展开更多
Austenitic stainless steels(ASSs)are widely used in various in-dustries such as aerospace,nuclear energy,food,and biotechnol-ogy owing to their exceptional combination of corrosion resistance,weldability,toughness,and...Austenitic stainless steels(ASSs)are widely used in various in-dustries such as aerospace,nuclear energy,food,and biotechnol-ogy owing to their exceptional combination of corrosion resistance,weldability,toughness,and formability[1,2].However,a signifi-cant drawback of ASSs is their low yield strength,which limits their applications in extreme environments[3].Grain boundary(GB)engineering plays a crucial role in enhancing the strength of ASSs[4,5].For instance,grain refinement techniques such as cold rolling followed by annealing[6],severe plastic deformation(SPD)[7],and surface mechanical attritionolling treatments[8,9]introduce high-angle GBs(HAGBs)into ASSs,thereby improving their strength.However,the high density of HAGBs limits their ca-pacity for dislocation storage and multiplication,leading to a sig-nificant loss of ductility[10,11].Additionally,several studies have shown that twin boundaries(TBs)can simultaneously enhance the strength,toughness,and corrosion resistance of ASSs[12,13].展开更多
Accurate estimation of the double-bounce scattering fd and surface scattering fs coefficients with Freeman-Durden decomposition is still difficult. This difficulty arises because overestimation of the volume scatterin...Accurate estimation of the double-bounce scattering fd and surface scattering fs coefficients with Freeman-Durden decomposition is still difficult. This difficulty arises because overestimation of the volume scattering energy contribution Pv leads to negative values for fd and fs. A generalized residual model is introduced to estimate fd and fs. The relationship between Pv and the residual model is analyzed. Eigenvalues computed from the residual model must be positive to explain physical scattering mechanisms. The authors employ a new volumetric scattering model to minimize Pv as calculated by several decomposition methods. It is concluded that decreasing Pv can help reduce negative energy. This conclusion is validated using actual polarimetric SAR data.展开更多
From the aspects of the spiritual core of modern Shanghai sand junk culture,the influence of modern sand junk culture on the urbanization process of Shanghai,and the inheritance of modern Shanghai sand junk culture,th...From the aspects of the spiritual core of modern Shanghai sand junk culture,the influence of modern sand junk culture on the urbanization process of Shanghai,and the inheritance of modern Shanghai sand junk culture,the functions of modern Shanghai sand junk culture were analyzed to provide certain reference for the application and inheritance of sand junk culture in the new era.展开更多
Periosteum,a membrane covering the surface of the bone,plays an essential role in maintaining the function of bone tissue—and especially in providing nourishment and vascularization during the bone regeneration proce...Periosteum,a membrane covering the surface of the bone,plays an essential role in maintaining the function of bone tissue—and especially in providing nourishment and vascularization during the bone regeneration process.Currently,most artificial periostea have relatively weak mechanical strength and a rapid degradation rate,and they lack integrated angiogenesis and osteogenesis functions.In this study,a bi-layer,biomimetic,artificial periosteum composed of a methacrylated gelatin–nano-hydroxyapatite(GelMA-nHA)cambium layer and a poly(N-acryloyl 2-lycine)(PACG)-GelMA-Mg2+fibrous layer was fabricated via 3D printing.The GelMA-nHA layer is shown to undertake the function of improving osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with the sustainable release of Ca2+ from nHA nanoparticles.The hydrogen-bonding-strengthened P(ACG-GelMA-L)-Mg2+hydrogel layer serves to protect the inner defect site and prolong degradation time(60 days)to match new bone regeneration.Furthermore,the released magnesium ion exhibits a prominent effect in regulating the polarization phenotype of macrophage cells into theM2 phenotype and thus promotes the angiogenesis of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro.This bi-layer artificial periosteum was implanted into a critical-sized cranial bone defect in rats,and the 12-week post-operative outcomes demonstrate optimal new bone regeneration.展开更多
The addition of boron(B) is frequently adopted to increase the hardenability of bainitic steels. Although it is well known that B can retard the bainitic transformation kinetics, it is still not clear how the B affe...The addition of boron(B) is frequently adopted to increase the hardenability of bainitic steels. Although it is well known that B can retard the bainitic transformation kinetics, it is still not clear how the B affects the bainitic transformation kinetics after ausforming. By systematic high-resolution dilatometry tests, the present work reveals that the bainitic transformation kinetics is accelerated in a low C steel with B addition after ausforming from all aspects including incubation time, transformation velocity and transformed volume fraction. In contrast, for the same steel without B addition, both transformation velocity and transformed volume fraction are retarded after ausforming. It is proposed that ausforming can reduce B segregation at prior austenite grain boundaries as some boron can interact with dislocations and therefore enhance bainite nucleation rate. Furthermore, auforming can refine the average volume of bainitic sheaf. Based on the competing mechanisms between increase of nucleation rate and refinement of bainitic sheaf, the effects of B and ausforming on the bainitic transformation kinetics are discussed.展开更多
High-speed machining(HSM) has been studied for several decades and has potential application in various industries, including the automobile and aerospace industries. However,the underlying mechanisms of HSM have not ...High-speed machining(HSM) has been studied for several decades and has potential application in various industries, including the automobile and aerospace industries. However,the underlying mechanisms of HSM have not been formally reviewed thus far. This article focuses on the solid mechanics framework of adiabatic shear band(ASB) onset and material metallurgical microstructural evolutions in HSM. The ASB onset is described using partial differential systems. Several factors in HSM were considered in the systems, and the ASB onset conditions were obtained by solving these systems or applying the perturbation method to the systems. With increasing machining speed, an ASB can be depressed and further eliminated by shock pressure. The damage observed in HSM exhibits common features. Equiaxed fine grains produced by dynamic recrystallization widely cause damage to ductile materials, and amorphization is the common microstructural evolution in brittle materials. Based on previous studies, potential mechanisms for the phenomena in HSM are proposed. These include the thickness variation of the white layer of ductile materials. These proposed mechanisms would be beneficial to deeply understanding the various phenomena in HSM.展开更多
To solve the problem of residual wind power in offshore wind farms,a hydrogen production system with a reasonable capacity was configured to enhance the local load of wind farms and promote the local consumption of re...To solve the problem of residual wind power in offshore wind farms,a hydrogen production system with a reasonable capacity was configured to enhance the local load of wind farms and promote the local consumption of residual wind power.By studying the mathematical model of wind power output and calculating surplus wind power,as well as considering the hydrogen production/storage characteristics of the electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank,an innovative capacity optimization allocation model was established.The objective of the model was to achieve the lowest total net present value over the entire life cycle.The model took into account the cost-benefit breakdown of equipment end-of-life cost,replacement cost,residual value gain,wind abandonment penalty,hydrogen transportation,and environmental value.The MATLAB-based platform invoked the CPLEX commercial solver to solve the model.Combined with the analysis of the annual average wind speed data from an offshore wind farm in Guangdong Province,the optimal capacity configuration results and the actual operation of the hydrogen production system were obtained.Under the calculation scenario,this hydrogen production system could consume 3,800 MWh of residual electricity from offshore wind power each year.It could achieve complete consumption of residual electricity from wind power without incurring the penalty cost of wind power.Additionally,it could produce 66,500 kg of green hydrogen from wind power,resulting in hydrogen sales revenue of 3.63 million RMB.It would also reduce pollutant emissions from coal-based hydrogen production by 1.5 tons and realize an environmental value of 4.83 million RMB.The annual net operating income exceeded 6 million RMB and the whole life cycle NPV income exceeded 50 million RMB.These results verified the feasibility and rationality of the established capacity optimization allocation model.The model could help advance power system planning and operation research and assist offshore wind farm operators in improving economic and environmental benefits.展开更多
In complex strata, oil-based drilling fluid is the preferred drilling fluid system, but its preparation cost is high, and there are hidden safety risks. Therefore, the new progress of high-performance anti-collapse wa...In complex strata, oil-based drilling fluid is the preferred drilling fluid system, but its preparation cost is high, and there are hidden safety risks. Therefore, the new progress of high-performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid at home and abroad is analyzed. It is difficult to prevent and control the well collapse. Once the well wall instability problem occurs, it will often bring huge economic losses to the enterprises, and the underground safety accidents will occur. In order to ensure the stability of the well wall and improve the downhole safety, the key treatment agent of water-based collapse drilling fluid is selected, the anti-collapse drilling fluid system is formulated, the evaluation method of drilling fluid prevention performance is established, and a set of water-based drilling fluid system suitable for easy to collapse strata in China is selected to ensure the downhole safety. The development trend of high performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid is expected to provide a reference for the research of high performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid system and key treatment agent.展开更多
This project is explaining a laboratory development of a solid free drilling fluid formula that could be potentially used in tight gas reservoirs. The configuration of the weak gel fluid WGL-1, which is resistant to h...This project is explaining a laboratory development of a solid free drilling fluid formula that could be potentially used in tight gas reservoirs. The configuration of the weak gel fluid WGL-1, which is resistant to high temperature and high salt, was tested, and concluded that its gelling properties, salt and temperature resistance, and environmental protection were all in line with industry requirements. The final drilling fluid formula was developed as: water + (0.3% ~ 0.5%) NaOH + 5% KCl + 2% WGL-1 + 5% NaCl + (1.0% ~ 2.0%) HBFR Anti-high temperature fluid loss agent + 2% Polyol + (1.5% ~ 2.0%) SDL-1 Lubricant + 0.4% A4O1. The performance of the liquid was tested for temperature resistance, inhibition, gas formation protection effect, plugging performance, and static settlement stability. It was concluded that the temperature resistance performance is satisfied at 150°C, and the cuttings recovery rate is as high as 96.78%. It has good performance in inhibiting water dispersion and swelling of cuttings. The permeability recovery value reaches 88.9%, which meets the requirements of gas formation protection. The SSSI value shows that its settlement stability is good;under high temperature and high pressure, its sealing performance is good. This drilling fluid system has achieved the expected results and laid a foundation for further promoting the development of solid-free drilling fluid systems. The future development direction of solid-free drilling fluids is pointed out, to the improvement of properties to be applied in high temperature environment and have high salt resistance capacity.展开更多
Mining is one of the most important contamination sources of heavy metals in sediments. Mining and mineral processing in the Dexing region of China have been carried out for over forty years. The aim of this study was...Mining is one of the most important contamination sources of heavy metals in sediments. Mining and mineral processing in the Dexing region of China have been carried out for over forty years. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal variation of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Dexing region between 1989 and 2004. 330 sediment samples in the Dexing region were collected and analyzed for As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb in 2004. Heavy metal levels were determined by inductively couple plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Furthermore, in order to contrast the variation of heavy metal contamination between 1989 and 2004, 330 sediment samples were resampled based on the geochemical investigation maps in 1989 at the same locations in 2004. The results of sediment samples in 2004 reported concentrations between 3.070-1109 mg/kg for As, 0.015-5.430 mg/kg for Hg, 0.035-13.5 mg/kg for Cd, 7-236 mg/kg for Cr, 22-1770 mg/kg for Zn, 5-4390 mg/kg for Cu, and 15-1685 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. While, the results of sediments of 1989 reported concentrations between 2.5-120 mg/kg for As, 0.028-1.16 mg/kg for Hg, 0.025-3 mg/kg for Cd, 7-150 mg/kg for Cr, 22-300 mg/kg for Zn, 5-690 mg/kg for Cu, and 14-300 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. The maximum levels of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb concentration in 2004 in sediments were up to 9, 4, 4.6, 1.5, 5.9, 6.3 and 5.6 times higher than theirs levels in 1989, respectively. Meanwhile, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) was used to assess the environment quality. The results in 2004 indicated that the Igeo of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb ranged from -2.667 to 5.83, -5.129 to 3.371, -3.1 to 5.492, -3.585 to 1.49, -3.483 to 2.847, -3.672 to 6.106 and -1.787 to 5.025, respectively. While, the results in 1989 indicated that Ig,o of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb ranged from -2.963 to 2.621, -4.229 to 1.144, -3.585 to 3.322, -3.585 to 0.837, -3.483 to 0.286, -3.672 to 3.436 and -1.886 to 2.535, respectively. Finally, all variation results were represented by GIS 3-D spatial analysis.展开更多
Heavy metal contamination has attracted huge concern due to its toxicity, abundance and persistence in the environment, and subsequent accumulation in soil, sediment and water. Mining is one of the most important sour...Heavy metal contamination has attracted huge concern due to its toxicity, abundance and persistence in the environment, and subsequent accumulation in soil, sediment and water. Mining is one of the most important sources of heavy metals in the environment. Mining-milling operations and disposal of tailings (the finely ground remains of milled ores) in addition to smelting and metal refining provide significant sources of pollution. Mining and mineral processing in the Dexing region of China have been carried out for over forty years and have contaminated the soils with heavy metals, Many studies were conducted to assess and establish the extent of heavy metal contamination in the soils due to mining. The aim of this work was to assess the environmental impact of mining on soils in the Dexing region and to identify the main factors involved in heavy metals dispersion. A 4800 km^2 study area was assessed with respect to its heavy metals on the basis of the current guideline values. In order to assess the extent of heavy metals contamination resulting from past mining activities in the Dexing region, 919 soil samples were collected and analyzed for As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb, Heavy metals levels were determined using inductively couple plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results of soil samples reported concentrations between 1.790-899 mg/kg for As, 0.034-4.980 mg/kg for Hg, 0.043-8.330 mg/kg for Cd, 10-666 mg/kg for Cr, 25-18500 mg/kg for Zn, 6-1825 mg/kg for Cu, and 16-1312 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. The maximum values of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb concentration in soils were up to 60, 33, 41, 7, 185, 52 and 37 times higher than the tolerable level, respectively. Meanwhile, the single-factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index were used to assess the environment quality of heavy metals contamination.展开更多
Extracting and synthesizing information from existing and massive amounts of geology spatial data sets is of great scientific significance and has considerable value in its applications. To make mineral exploration le...Extracting and synthesizing information from existing and massive amounts of geology spatial data sets is of great scientific significance and has considerable value in its applications. To make mineral exploration less expensive, more efficient, and more accurate, it is important to move beyond traditional concepts and establish a rapid, efficient, and intelligent method of predicting the existence and location of minerals. This paper describes a case-based reasoning (CBR) method for mineral prospectivity mapping that takes spatial features of geology data into account and offers an intelligent approach. This method include a metallogenic case representation that combines spatial and attribute features, metallogenic case-based storage organization, and a metallogenic case similarity retrieval model. The experiments were performed in the eastern Kunlun Mountains, China using CBR and weights-of-evidence (WOE), respectively. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the CBR is higher than that of the WOE.展开更多
Corneal regeneration has always been a challenge due to its sophisticated structure and undesirable keratocyte-fibroblast transformation. Herein, we propose 3D printing of a biomimetic epithelium/stroma bilayer implan...Corneal regeneration has always been a challenge due to its sophisticated structure and undesirable keratocyte-fibroblast transformation. Herein, we propose 3D printing of a biomimetic epithelium/stroma bilayer implant for corneal regeneration. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and long-chain poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) are blended to form a two-component ink, which can be printed to different mechanically robust programmed PEGDA-GelMA objects by Digital Light Processing (DLP) printing technology, due to the toughening effect of crystalline crosslinks from long-chain PEGDA on GelMA hydrogel after photo-initiated copolymerization. The printed PEGDA-GelMA hydrogels support cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, meanwhile demonstrating a high light transmittance, and an appropriate swelling degree, nutrient permeation and degradation rate. A bi-layer dome-shaped corneal scaffold consisting of rabbit corneal epithelial cells (rCECs)-laden epithelia layer and rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs)-laden orthogonally aligned fibrous stroma layer can be printed out with a high fidelity and robustly surgical handling ability. This bi-layer cells-laden corneal scaffold is applied in a rabbit keratoplasty model. The post-operative outcome reveals efficient sealing of corneal defects, re-epithelialization and stromal regeneration. The concerted effects of microstructure of 3D printed corneal scaffold and precisely located cells in epithelia and stroma layer provide an optimal topographical and biological microenvironment for corneal regeneration.展开更多
To the Editor:Glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes(T1D)is challenging and requires multidimensional evaluation and precise management.Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)is currently the gold standard for assess...To the Editor:Glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes(T1D)is challenging and requires multidimensional evaluation and precise management.Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)is currently the gold standard for assessing glucose control and predicting diabetes prognosis.However,it exhibits limitations in terms of accuracy,which is influenced by clinical factors,[1]and its inability to reflect information about hypoglycemia and glycemic variability.[2]Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)has revolutionized glycemic profile evaluation by introducing novel glycemic variables that surpass conventional parameters and offer insights into critical areas for improving glycemic control.展开更多
Wildfire occurrence is attributed to the interaction of multiple factors including weather,fuel,topography,and human activities.Among them,weather variables,particularly the temporal characteristics of weather variabl...Wildfire occurrence is attributed to the interaction of multiple factors including weather,fuel,topography,and human activities.Among them,weather variables,particularly the temporal characteristics of weather variables in a given period,are paramount in predicting the probability of wildfire occurrence.However,rainfall has a large influence on the temporal characteristics of weather variables if they are derived from a fixed period,introducing additional uncertainties in wildfire probability modeling.To solve the problem,this study employed the weather variables in continuous nonprecipitation days as the"dynamic-step"weather variables with which to improve wildfire probability modeling.Multisource data on weather,fuel,topography,infrastructure,and derived variables were used to model wildfire probability based on two machine learning methods—random forest(RF)and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost).The results indicate that the accuracy of the wildfire probability models was improved by adding dynamic-step weather variables into the models.The variable importance analysis also verified the top contribution of these dynamic-step weather variables,indicating the effectiveness of the consideration of dynamic-step weather variables in wildfire probability modeling.展开更多
Development of a biostable and biosafe vitreous substitute is highly desirable,but remains a grand challenge.Herein,we propose a novel strategy for constructing a readily administered vitreous substitute based on a th...Development of a biostable and biosafe vitreous substitute is highly desirable,but remains a grand challenge.Herein,we propose a novel strategy for constructing a readily administered vitreous substitute based on a thiol-acrylate clickable polyzwitterion macromonomer.A biocompatible multivinyl polycarboxybetaine(PCB-OAA)macromonomer is designed and synthesized,and mixed with dithiothreitol(DTT)via a Michael addition reaction to form a hydrogel in vitreous cavity.This resultant PCB-OAA hydrogel exhibits controllable gelation time,super anti-fouling ability against proteins and cells,excellent biocompatibility,and approximate key parameters to human vitreous body including equilibrium water content,density,optical properties,modulus.Remarkably,outperforming clinically used silicone oil in biocompatibility,this rapidly formed hydrogel in the vitreous cavity of rabbit eyes remains stable in vitreous cavity,showing an appealing ability to prevent significantly inflammatory response,fibrosis and complications such as raised intraocular pressure(IOP),and cataract formation.This zwitterionic polymer hydrogel holds great potential as a vitreous substitute.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52501049,52301043,and 51871077)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.SYSPG20241211173609003)+3 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant Nos.2025A1515010676 and 2021A151501262)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.JCYJ20240813094459020,JCYJ20180507184623297,and KQJSCX20180328165656256)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2024M761295 and GZC20250008)the Startup Foundation from Shenzhen(Grant Nos.NA25501001 and NA11409005)。
摘要Developing Cu-based composites that simultaneously achieve ultra-high strength,ductility,and electrical conductivity remains critical for advanced electrical contact applications.In this work,multiphase AlCrCuFeNi2.5high-entropy alloy(HEA)reinforcements are incorporated into CuCrZr matrix via spark plasma sintering(SPS)and annealing,constructing hierarchically strengthened composites with optimized strength(1149 MPa)-ductility(27.6%)-conductivity(39.6%IACS)synergy.Annealinginduced precipitation of Cr-rich phases compensates for conductivity loss from interfacial diffusion while enhancing strength.During deformation,the multiphase HEA continuously activates stacking fault networks and Lomer-Cottrell locks,enabling compatible deformation with the matrix and remarkable plasticity.The strategy to introduce the novel hierarchical structure paves a new way to develop high-performance Cu-based composites.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2254106)State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle(Grant No.32415005)+2 种基金the development and application project of ship CAE software,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52471135 and 52235005)the Major Talent Programs of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2019QN01C435)the XPLORER PRIZE and New Cornerstone Science Foundation.
摘要Introducing high dislocation density has proven effective for attaining ultrahigh strength while retaining ductility.However,the role of high dislocation density in affecting the crack initiation and propagation(i.e.,toughness)is still unclear.The present study investigates the notch fracture behavior and deformation mechanisms of a strong and ductile FeNiAl steel with yield strength of 1797 MPa and uniform elongation of 28.5%,possessing high dislocation density resulting from severe cold-rolling process.The cold rolled steel with high dislocation density exhibits superior crack initiation resistance and fracture energy compared to the annealed counterpart with low dislocation density.Pronounced necking and strain localization are found at notch roots of the cold-rolled sample,indicating enhanced plastic deformation despite its higher yield strength and lower work hardening capacity.The dual roles of high dislocation density are identified:(1)dense dislocation networks restrict dislocation mobility to enhance flow stress while limiting large-range plastic strain under gradient stress;(2)whereas coordinated short-distance slip of abundant dislocations enables intensive and severe plastic strain that suppresses crack nucleation locally,providing critical insights for designing damage-tolerant ultrahigh-strength steels.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52371110 and 52471135)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4600700)+7 种基金the Open Fund of the Microscopy Science and Technology-Songshan Lake Science City(Grant No.202401204)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515011510)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.JCYJ20220530115011026 and JCYJ20230807093410021)the Key Research and Development Project of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202302050201011)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Grant Nos.JCYJ20210324120209026 and KQTD2019092917250571)the Open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(Grant No.2023SLABFK02)the Major Talent Programs of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2019QN01C435)the High Level of Special Funds(Grant No.G03034K003)from SUSTECH。
摘要This study elucidates the oxidation mechanisms governing Y/Hf-doped AlCoCrFeNiTi high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and reveals the pivotal role of fabrication processes in dictating high-temperature oxidation behavior.We demonstrate that casting and spark plasma sintering(SPS)promote Y/Hf segregation,resulting in heterogeneous oxide formation and compromised scale stability,whereas filtered cathodic vacuum arc(FCVA)deposition yields grain-boundary-free coatings with amorphous microstructures that foster the development of continuous dense Al2O3 films.Compared to conventional MCrAlY coatings,the FCVA-fabricated HEAs exhibit a tenfold reduction in oxidation rate.Notably,Al depletion during oxidation induces a B2→FCC phase transition,accelerating Fe/Co/Ni/Cr outward diffusion and facilitating spinel formation.Although Y/Hf co-doping effectively suppresses Al diffusion via the formation of large ionic clusters,the synergy is limited by atomic size mismatch.Our findings underscore that oxidation resistance is governed not merely by reactive element content but critically by their spatial distribution and the continuity of the protective oxide layer,offering a process-informed pathway to optimize high-temperature performance of HEA-based bond coats.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(22068019)Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(202202AG050001)
摘要Developing low-cost and green simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification technologies is of great significance for sulfur dioxide(SO2)and nitrogen oxide(NOx)emission control at low temperatures,especially for small and medium-sized coal-fired boilers and furnaces.Herein,phosphorus sludge,an industrial waste from the production process of yellow phosphorus,has been developed to simultaneously eliminate SO2and NOxfrom coal-fired flue gas.The key factors affecting the experimental results indicate that desulfurization and denitrification efficiency of over 95%can be achieved at a low temperature of 55℃.Further,the absorption mechanism was investigated by characterizing the solid and liquid phases of the phosphorus sludge during the absorption process.The efficient removal of SO2is attributed to the abundance of iron(Fe3+)and manganese(Mn2+)in the absorbent.SO2can be rapidly catalyzed and converted to SO42-by them.The key to NOx removal is the oxidation of NO toward watersoluble high-valent nitrogen oxides by oxidizing reactive substances induced via yellow phosphorus,which are then absorbed by water and converted to NO3-.Meanwhile,yellow phosphorus is oxidized to phosphoric acid(H3PO4).The spent absorption slurry can be reused through wet process phosphoric acid production,as it contains sulfuric acid(H2SO4),nitric acid(HNO3),and H3PO4.Accordingly,this is a technology with broad application prospects.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D program(No.2022YFB3707501)the GDAS’Project of Science and Technology(No.2022GDASZH-2022010202)the Guangdong Provincial Project(Nos.2022A0505050053,2021B1515120071,and 2020B1515130007)。
摘要Austenitic stainless steels(ASSs)are widely used in various in-dustries such as aerospace,nuclear energy,food,and biotechnol-ogy owing to their exceptional combination of corrosion resistance,weldability,toughness,and formability[1,2].However,a signifi-cant drawback of ASSs is their low yield strength,which limits their applications in extreme environments[3].Grain boundary(GB)engineering plays a crucial role in enhancing the strength of ASSs[4,5].For instance,grain refinement techniques such as cold rolling followed by annealing[6],severe plastic deformation(SPD)[7],and surface mechanical attritionolling treatments[8,9]introduce high-angle GBs(HAGBs)into ASSs,thereby improving their strength.However,the high density of HAGBs limits their ca-pacity for dislocation storage and multiplication,leading to a sig-nificant loss of ductility[10,11].Additionally,several studies have shown that twin boundaries(TBs)can simultaneously enhance the strength,toughness,and corrosion resistance of ASSs[12,13].
摘要Accurate estimation of the double-bounce scattering fd and surface scattering fs coefficients with Freeman-Durden decomposition is still difficult. This difficulty arises because overestimation of the volume scattering energy contribution Pv leads to negative values for fd and fs. A generalized residual model is introduced to estimate fd and fs. The relationship between Pv and the residual model is analyzed. Eigenvalues computed from the residual model must be positive to explain physical scattering mechanisms. The authors employ a new volumetric scattering model to minimize Pv as calculated by several decomposition methods. It is concluded that decreasing Pv can help reduce negative energy. This conclusion is validated using actual polarimetric SAR data.
基金Supported by Major Program of National Social Science Foundation of China(20&ZD130).
摘要From the aspects of the spiritual core of modern Shanghai sand junk culture,the influence of modern sand junk culture on the urbanization process of Shanghai,and the inheritance of modern Shanghai sand junk culture,the functions of modern Shanghai sand junk culture were analyzed to provide certain reference for the application and inheritance of sand junk culture in the new era.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFA0703100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51733006).
摘要Periosteum,a membrane covering the surface of the bone,plays an essential role in maintaining the function of bone tissue—and especially in providing nourishment and vascularization during the bone regeneration process.Currently,most artificial periostea have relatively weak mechanical strength and a rapid degradation rate,and they lack integrated angiogenesis and osteogenesis functions.In this study,a bi-layer,biomimetic,artificial periosteum composed of a methacrylated gelatin–nano-hydroxyapatite(GelMA-nHA)cambium layer and a poly(N-acryloyl 2-lycine)(PACG)-GelMA-Mg2+fibrous layer was fabricated via 3D printing.The GelMA-nHA layer is shown to undertake the function of improving osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with the sustainable release of Ca2+ from nHA nanoparticles.The hydrogen-bonding-strengthened P(ACG-GelMA-L)-Mg2+hydrogel layer serves to protect the inner defect site and prolong degradation time(60 days)to match new bone regeneration.Furthermore,the released magnesium ion exhibits a prominent effect in regulating the polarization phenotype of macrophage cells into theM2 phenotype and thus promotes the angiogenesis of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro.This bi-layer artificial periosteum was implanted into a critical-sized cranial bone defect in rats,and the 12-week post-operative outcomes demonstrate optimal new bone regeneration.
基金the financial support by the Steel Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1560204)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51301148)+2 种基金the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(Grant Nos.HKU719712E,HKU712713E,17203014)Shenzhen Science,the Technology and Innovation Commission(Grant No.JCYJ20150629151046886)financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51574080)
摘要The addition of boron(B) is frequently adopted to increase the hardenability of bainitic steels. Although it is well known that B can retard the bainitic transformation kinetics, it is still not clear how the B affects the bainitic transformation kinetics after ausforming. By systematic high-resolution dilatometry tests, the present work reveals that the bainitic transformation kinetics is accelerated in a low C steel with B addition after ausforming from all aspects including incubation time, transformation velocity and transformed volume fraction. In contrast, for the same steel without B addition, both transformation velocity and transformed volume fraction are retarded after ausforming. It is proposed that ausforming can reduce B segregation at prior austenite grain boundaries as some boron can interact with dislocations and therefore enhance bainite nucleation rate. Furthermore, auforming can refine the average volume of bainitic sheaf. Based on the competing mechanisms between increase of nucleation rate and refinement of bainitic sheaf, the effects of B and ausforming on the bainitic transformation kinetics are discussed.
基金support of the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission under Project Numbers KQTD20190929172505711,JSGG20210420091802007, and JCYJ20210324115413036Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology under Project Number K22333004。
摘要High-speed machining(HSM) has been studied for several decades and has potential application in various industries, including the automobile and aerospace industries. However,the underlying mechanisms of HSM have not been formally reviewed thus far. This article focuses on the solid mechanics framework of adiabatic shear band(ASB) onset and material metallurgical microstructural evolutions in HSM. The ASB onset is described using partial differential systems. Several factors in HSM were considered in the systems, and the ASB onset conditions were obtained by solving these systems or applying the perturbation method to the systems. With increasing machining speed, an ASB can be depressed and further eliminated by shock pressure. The damage observed in HSM exhibits common features. Equiaxed fine grains produced by dynamic recrystallization widely cause damage to ductile materials, and amorphization is the common microstructural evolution in brittle materials. Based on previous studies, potential mechanisms for the phenomena in HSM are proposed. These include the thickness variation of the white layer of ductile materials. These proposed mechanisms would be beneficial to deeply understanding the various phenomena in HSM.
基金supported by Manage Innovation Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(No.GZHKJXM20210232).
摘要To solve the problem of residual wind power in offshore wind farms,a hydrogen production system with a reasonable capacity was configured to enhance the local load of wind farms and promote the local consumption of residual wind power.By studying the mathematical model of wind power output and calculating surplus wind power,as well as considering the hydrogen production/storage characteristics of the electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank,an innovative capacity optimization allocation model was established.The objective of the model was to achieve the lowest total net present value over the entire life cycle.The model took into account the cost-benefit breakdown of equipment end-of-life cost,replacement cost,residual value gain,wind abandonment penalty,hydrogen transportation,and environmental value.The MATLAB-based platform invoked the CPLEX commercial solver to solve the model.Combined with the analysis of the annual average wind speed data from an offshore wind farm in Guangdong Province,the optimal capacity configuration results and the actual operation of the hydrogen production system were obtained.Under the calculation scenario,this hydrogen production system could consume 3,800 MWh of residual electricity from offshore wind power each year.It could achieve complete consumption of residual electricity from wind power without incurring the penalty cost of wind power.Additionally,it could produce 66,500 kg of green hydrogen from wind power,resulting in hydrogen sales revenue of 3.63 million RMB.It would also reduce pollutant emissions from coal-based hydrogen production by 1.5 tons and realize an environmental value of 4.83 million RMB.The annual net operating income exceeded 6 million RMB and the whole life cycle NPV income exceeded 50 million RMB.These results verified the feasibility and rationality of the established capacity optimization allocation model.The model could help advance power system planning and operation research and assist offshore wind farm operators in improving economic and environmental benefits.
摘要In complex strata, oil-based drilling fluid is the preferred drilling fluid system, but its preparation cost is high, and there are hidden safety risks. Therefore, the new progress of high-performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid at home and abroad is analyzed. It is difficult to prevent and control the well collapse. Once the well wall instability problem occurs, it will often bring huge economic losses to the enterprises, and the underground safety accidents will occur. In order to ensure the stability of the well wall and improve the downhole safety, the key treatment agent of water-based collapse drilling fluid is selected, the anti-collapse drilling fluid system is formulated, the evaluation method of drilling fluid prevention performance is established, and a set of water-based drilling fluid system suitable for easy to collapse strata in China is selected to ensure the downhole safety. The development trend of high performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid is expected to provide a reference for the research of high performance anti-collapse water-based drilling fluid system and key treatment agent.
摘要This project is explaining a laboratory development of a solid free drilling fluid formula that could be potentially used in tight gas reservoirs. The configuration of the weak gel fluid WGL-1, which is resistant to high temperature and high salt, was tested, and concluded that its gelling properties, salt and temperature resistance, and environmental protection were all in line with industry requirements. The final drilling fluid formula was developed as: water + (0.3% ~ 0.5%) NaOH + 5% KCl + 2% WGL-1 + 5% NaCl + (1.0% ~ 2.0%) HBFR Anti-high temperature fluid loss agent + 2% Polyol + (1.5% ~ 2.0%) SDL-1 Lubricant + 0.4% A4O1. The performance of the liquid was tested for temperature resistance, inhibition, gas formation protection effect, plugging performance, and static settlement stability. It was concluded that the temperature resistance performance is satisfied at 150°C, and the cuttings recovery rate is as high as 96.78%. It has good performance in inhibiting water dispersion and swelling of cuttings. The permeability recovery value reaches 88.9%, which meets the requirements of gas formation protection. The SSSI value shows that its settlement stability is good;under high temperature and high pressure, its sealing performance is good. This drilling fluid system has achieved the expected results and laid a foundation for further promoting the development of solid-free drilling fluid systems. The future development direction of solid-free drilling fluids is pointed out, to the improvement of properties to be applied in high temperature environment and have high salt resistance capacity.
摘要Mining is one of the most important contamination sources of heavy metals in sediments. Mining and mineral processing in the Dexing region of China have been carried out for over forty years. The aim of this study was to assess the spatial and temporal variation of heavy metal contamination in sediments of the Dexing region between 1989 and 2004. 330 sediment samples in the Dexing region were collected and analyzed for As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb in 2004. Heavy metal levels were determined by inductively couple plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Furthermore, in order to contrast the variation of heavy metal contamination between 1989 and 2004, 330 sediment samples were resampled based on the geochemical investigation maps in 1989 at the same locations in 2004. The results of sediment samples in 2004 reported concentrations between 3.070-1109 mg/kg for As, 0.015-5.430 mg/kg for Hg, 0.035-13.5 mg/kg for Cd, 7-236 mg/kg for Cr, 22-1770 mg/kg for Zn, 5-4390 mg/kg for Cu, and 15-1685 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. While, the results of sediments of 1989 reported concentrations between 2.5-120 mg/kg for As, 0.028-1.16 mg/kg for Hg, 0.025-3 mg/kg for Cd, 7-150 mg/kg for Cr, 22-300 mg/kg for Zn, 5-690 mg/kg for Cu, and 14-300 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. The maximum levels of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb concentration in 2004 in sediments were up to 9, 4, 4.6, 1.5, 5.9, 6.3 and 5.6 times higher than theirs levels in 1989, respectively. Meanwhile, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) was used to assess the environment quality. The results in 2004 indicated that the Igeo of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb ranged from -2.667 to 5.83, -5.129 to 3.371, -3.1 to 5.492, -3.585 to 1.49, -3.483 to 2.847, -3.672 to 6.106 and -1.787 to 5.025, respectively. While, the results in 1989 indicated that Ig,o of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb ranged from -2.963 to 2.621, -4.229 to 1.144, -3.585 to 3.322, -3.585 to 0.837, -3.483 to 0.286, -3.672 to 3.436 and -1.886 to 2.535, respectively. Finally, all variation results were represented by GIS 3-D spatial analysis.
摘要Heavy metal contamination has attracted huge concern due to its toxicity, abundance and persistence in the environment, and subsequent accumulation in soil, sediment and water. Mining is one of the most important sources of heavy metals in the environment. Mining-milling operations and disposal of tailings (the finely ground remains of milled ores) in addition to smelting and metal refining provide significant sources of pollution. Mining and mineral processing in the Dexing region of China have been carried out for over forty years and have contaminated the soils with heavy metals, Many studies were conducted to assess and establish the extent of heavy metal contamination in the soils due to mining. The aim of this work was to assess the environmental impact of mining on soils in the Dexing region and to identify the main factors involved in heavy metals dispersion. A 4800 km^2 study area was assessed with respect to its heavy metals on the basis of the current guideline values. In order to assess the extent of heavy metals contamination resulting from past mining activities in the Dexing region, 919 soil samples were collected and analyzed for As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb, Heavy metals levels were determined using inductively couple plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results of soil samples reported concentrations between 1.790-899 mg/kg for As, 0.034-4.980 mg/kg for Hg, 0.043-8.330 mg/kg for Cd, 10-666 mg/kg for Cr, 25-18500 mg/kg for Zn, 6-1825 mg/kg for Cu, and 16-1312 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. The maximum values of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb concentration in soils were up to 60, 33, 41, 7, 185, 52 and 37 times higher than the tolerable level, respectively. Meanwhile, the single-factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index were used to assess the environment quality of heavy metals contamination.
摘要Extracting and synthesizing information from existing and massive amounts of geology spatial data sets is of great scientific significance and has considerable value in its applications. To make mineral exploration less expensive, more efficient, and more accurate, it is important to move beyond traditional concepts and establish a rapid, efficient, and intelligent method of predicting the existence and location of minerals. This paper describes a case-based reasoning (CBR) method for mineral prospectivity mapping that takes spatial features of geology data into account and offers an intelligent approach. This method include a metallogenic case representation that combines spatial and attribute features, metallogenic case-based storage organization, and a metallogenic case similarity retrieval model. The experiments were performed in the eastern Kunlun Mountains, China using CBR and weights-of-evidence (WOE), respectively. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the CBR is higher than that of the WOE.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the support for this work from National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2018YFA0703100)National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51733006).
摘要Corneal regeneration has always been a challenge due to its sophisticated structure and undesirable keratocyte-fibroblast transformation. Herein, we propose 3D printing of a biomimetic epithelium/stroma bilayer implant for corneal regeneration. Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and long-chain poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) are blended to form a two-component ink, which can be printed to different mechanically robust programmed PEGDA-GelMA objects by Digital Light Processing (DLP) printing technology, due to the toughening effect of crystalline crosslinks from long-chain PEGDA on GelMA hydrogel after photo-initiated copolymerization. The printed PEGDA-GelMA hydrogels support cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, meanwhile demonstrating a high light transmittance, and an appropriate swelling degree, nutrient permeation and degradation rate. A bi-layer dome-shaped corneal scaffold consisting of rabbit corneal epithelial cells (rCECs)-laden epithelia layer and rabbit adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rASCs)-laden orthogonally aligned fibrous stroma layer can be printed out with a high fidelity and robustly surgical handling ability. This bi-layer cells-laden corneal scaffold is applied in a rabbit keratoplasty model. The post-operative outcome reveals efficient sealing of corneal defects, re-epithelialization and stromal regeneration. The concerted effects of microstructure of 3D printed corneal scaffold and precisely located cells in epithelia and stroma layer provide an optimal topographical and biological microenvironment for corneal regeneration.
基金supported by the grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2010102)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2021JC0003)Sinocare Diabetes Foundation(No.2020SD08)
摘要To the Editor:Glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes(T1D)is challenging and requires multidimensional evaluation and precise management.Glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)is currently the gold standard for assessing glucose control and predicting diabetes prognosis.However,it exhibits limitations in terms of accuracy,which is influenced by clinical factors,[1]and its inability to reflect information about hypoglycemia and glycemic variability.[2]Continuous glucose monitoring(CGM)has revolutionized glycemic profile evaluation by introducing novel glycemic variables that surpass conventional parameters and offer insights into critical areas for improving glycemic control.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Contract no.U20A2090)。
摘要Wildfire occurrence is attributed to the interaction of multiple factors including weather,fuel,topography,and human activities.Among them,weather variables,particularly the temporal characteristics of weather variables in a given period,are paramount in predicting the probability of wildfire occurrence.However,rainfall has a large influence on the temporal characteristics of weather variables if they are derived from a fixed period,introducing additional uncertainties in wildfire probability modeling.To solve the problem,this study employed the weather variables in continuous nonprecipitation days as the"dynamic-step"weather variables with which to improve wildfire probability modeling.Multisource data on weather,fuel,topography,infrastructure,and derived variables were used to model wildfire probability based on two machine learning methods—random forest(RF)and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost).The results indicate that the accuracy of the wildfire probability models was improved by adding dynamic-step weather variables into the models.The variable importance analysis also verified the top contribution of these dynamic-step weather variables,indicating the effectiveness of the consideration of dynamic-step weather variables in wildfire probability modeling.
基金We are thankful for the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.51733006,52073203,31771030).
摘要Development of a biostable and biosafe vitreous substitute is highly desirable,but remains a grand challenge.Herein,we propose a novel strategy for constructing a readily administered vitreous substitute based on a thiol-acrylate clickable polyzwitterion macromonomer.A biocompatible multivinyl polycarboxybetaine(PCB-OAA)macromonomer is designed and synthesized,and mixed with dithiothreitol(DTT)via a Michael addition reaction to form a hydrogel in vitreous cavity.This resultant PCB-OAA hydrogel exhibits controllable gelation time,super anti-fouling ability against proteins and cells,excellent biocompatibility,and approximate key parameters to human vitreous body including equilibrium water content,density,optical properties,modulus.Remarkably,outperforming clinically used silicone oil in biocompatibility,this rapidly formed hydrogel in the vitreous cavity of rabbit eyes remains stable in vitreous cavity,showing an appealing ability to prevent significantly inflammatory response,fibrosis and complications such as raised intraocular pressure(IOP),and cataract formation.This zwitterionic polymer hydrogel holds great potential as a vitreous substitute.