Sustainable development for our life is important task,which is driven by key materials and technologies.In this roadmap,we discuss three main aspects in addressing environmental questions,green chemical processes and...Sustainable development for our life is important task,which is driven by key materials and technologies.In this roadmap,we discuss three main aspects in addressing environmental questions,green chemical processes and energy challenges.They are included,such as gas treatment and separation,wastewater treatment,waste gas treatment,solid waste treatment,lithium extraction,hydrogen production,water splitting,CO2 reduction,photocatalytic clean technologies,plastic degradation,fuel cells,lithium batteries,sodium batteries,aqueous batteries,solid state batteries,metal air batteries and supercapacitors.Their status,challenges,progress and future perspectives are also discussed.We hope that this paper can give clear views on sustainable development in materials and technologies.展开更多
Background Inflammatory bowel disease causes intestinal structural damage,impairs gut function,hinders animal growth and development,and reduces farming efficiency.Previous studies demonstrated that lactate alleviates...Background Inflammatory bowel disease causes intestinal structural damage,impairs gut function,hinders animal growth and development,and reduces farming efficiency.Previous studies demonstrated that lactate alleviates dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced inflammation and mitigates weight loss by enhancing intestinal barrier functions.However,the mechanisms underlying lactate-mediated protection of the intestinal epithelial barrier remain unclear.This study aimed to explore the protective effect of lactate on intestinal barrier damage in colitis piglets and the possible underlying mechanisms through in vivo and in vitro experiments.Methods A total of 6021-day-old weaned female piglets were randomly assigned into three groups based on weight:the control group(basal diet with physiological saline gavage),the DSS group(basal diet with 5%DSS gavage),and the DSS+LA group(2%lactate diet with 5%DSS gavage).There were 10 replicates per treatment,with 2 piglets per replicate.Jejunal morphology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining,while Western blotting quantified the protein levels of proliferation markers,including cluster of differentiation 24(CD24),cyclin D1,and wingless/integrated(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling components.In vitro,0.08%DSS and 2–32 mmol/L sodium lactate-treated intestinal porcine epithelial cell line-J2(IPEC-J2)cells(n=4)were assessed for viability(Cell Counting Kit-8 assay),apoptosis(flow cytometry),and proliferation parameters,including cell cycle analysis and Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5+)stem cell quantification.Results In vivo,DSS administration induced jejunal villus shortening(P<0.05),downregulated protein levels of CD24,cyclin D1,casein kinase 1(CK1),and dishevelled-2(DVL2)(P<0.05).In vitro,DSS promoted apoptosis,inhibited proliferation,diminished the Lgr5+cell populations(P<0.05),and reduced S-phase cell proportions(P<0.05).Conversely,lactate supplementation ameliorated DSS-induced villus atrophy(P<0.05),restored CD24,cyclin D1,CK1,and DVL2 protein levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,in vitro,sodium lactate attenuated DSS-induced apoptosis(P<0.05),enhanced IPEC-J2 proliferation(P<0.05),expanded Lgr5+cells(P<0.05),and increased S-phase progression(P<0.05).Conclusions In summary,lactate ameliorated intestinal barrier damage in DSS-induced colitis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and restoring the balance between epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis.This study provides novel mechanistic evidence supporting lactate's therapeutic potential for IBD management.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)hold great promise for safe and sustainable energy storage,but their commercialization is impeded by severe Zn dendrite growth and interfacial instability.To address these challenges,w...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)hold great promise for safe and sustainable energy storage,but their commercialization is impeded by severe Zn dendrite growth and interfacial instability.To address these challenges,we propose a defect engineering strategy employing ultrafine ZnAl2O4(ZAO)nanoparticles(~5 nm)with oxygen vacancy defects as an artificial protective layer for Zn anodes.Synthesized via a scalable coprecipitation approach,the ZAO layer demonstrates exceptional Zn2+affinity and rapid ion diffusion,enabling uniform Zn deposition and suppressing parasitic reactions.Remarkably,the ZAO@Zn symmetric cell achieves an unprecedented cycling stability of 3600 h at 20 mA cm-2,outperforming most reported Zn anodes modified with metal oxyacid compounds.Moreover,the assembled ZAO@Zn//MnO2full cell retains a capacity of 166.5 mAh g-1after 1000 cycles at 2 A g-1.This work highlights that engineering oxygen vacancies in the ZAO layer is an effective strategy to enhance the performance and longevity of Zn anodes in AZIBs,paving the way for more reliable and efficient energy storage solutions.展开更多
Background Diarrhea remains a major health concern in both young animals and humans.Prevotella spp.,a dominant commensal genus in the healthy porcine gut,becomes increasingly abundant following weaning,suggesting a po...Background Diarrhea remains a major health concern in both young animals and humans.Prevotella spp.,a dominant commensal genus in the healthy porcine gut,becomes increasingly abundant following weaning,suggesting a potential role during this critical transitional period.However,its involvement in post-weaning diarrhea remains poorly understood.Here,we aim to elucidate the role and underlying mechanisms of Prevotella in alleviating diarrhea in weaned piglets.Results To model unsanitary housing conditions,piglets were housed in uncleaned pens containing residual fecal matter from previous occupants and exposed to cold stress by maintaining the ambient temperature at 19℃,below the optimal 28℃.Under these conditions,piglets were orally administered either a blank medium(CON,n=10×2)or Prevotella copri at 1×108CFU(Pc,n=10×2)on d 1,3,and 5.After 28 d,cold stress induced a diarrhea incidence of 33.45%in the CON group,while P.copri supplementation significantly reduced the diarrhea rate to 19.73%.Treatment with P.copri markedly improved intestinal morphology in the small intestine,decreased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein(i-FABP),and enhanced total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and catalase(CAT)activity.Quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that P.copri significantly increased the colonic abundance of Prevotella,reshaping both the composition and functional profile of the gut microbiota.Moreover,P.copri enhanced the modularity and robustness of microbial ecological networks.Untargeted metabolomic profiling of colonic contents revealed a significant enrichment of metabolites involved in the arachidonic acid pathway following P.copri supplementation.In parallel,untargeted metabolomics of P.copri culture supernatants identified differential metabolic pathways including metabolic pathways,biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,and biosynthesis of antibiotics.In vitro assays demonstrated that P.copri-derived metabolites inhibited the growth of three common porcine intestinal pathogens.Furthermore,both P.copri metabolites and arachidonic acid enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and suppressed TNF-α-induced inflammation and apoptosis in Caco-2 cells through activation of the AHR–Nrf2 signaling pathway.Conclusions These findings highlight the role of P.copri in maintaining gut homeostasis and provide new insights into microbiota-based interventions for early-life intestinal disorders.展开更多
Background Low dietary energy levels can disrupt energy balance,causing metabolic disorders,particularly those involving in hepatic lipid metabolism.Betaine(BET),an important methyl donor,has demonstrated protective e...Background Low dietary energy levels can disrupt energy balance,causing metabolic disorders,particularly those involving in hepatic lipid metabolism.Betaine(BET),an important methyl donor,has demonstrated protective effects against liver diseases.However,its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism in pigs fed a low-net energy(NE)diet and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Thirty-two pigs(85.52±2.27 kg)were randomly assigned to four treatments:N-NE group(normal NE diet,2,475 kcal/kg NE),N-NEB group(normal NE diet+1,500 mg/kg BET,2,475 kcal/kg NE),R100-NE group(low-NE diet,2,375 kcal/kg NE),and R100-NEB group(low-NE diet+1,500 mg/kg BET,2,375 kcal/kg NE).The experiment lasted 35 d.Results There was no significant difference in growth performance among the groups(P>0.05).Reducing dietary NE levels caused liver dysfunction and increased total glyceride concentration,accompanied by lipid metabolism disorders.BET supplementation in a low-NE diet exhibited hepatoprotective roles,as evidenced by increased TP concentration and reduced ALT level in serum(P<0.05),as well as decreased fat content,adipocyte size,and total glyceride concentration in the liver(P<0.05).Meanwhile,dietary BET alleviated low-NE diet-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorder by downregulating mRNA expressions of genes related to fatty acid transport(FABP3 and CD36)and lipogenesis(SREBP1c and FASN),while upregulating mRNA expressions involved in lipolysis(CPT1 and HSL)(P<0.05).Furthermore,dietary BET increased serum SAM concentration and the SAM/SAH ratio in pigs fed low-NE diets(P<0.05),thereby providing sufficient methyl groups through regulating the activities of enzymes participated in BET metabolism.Mechanistically,BET increased m6A modification level and regulated mRNA and protein expressions of m6A modified proteins including METTL3,METTL14,WTAP,YTHDF1,and ALKBH5.Correlation analysis showed a significant association between m6A RNA methylation and hepatic lipid metabolism,suggesting that m6A RNA methylation may play a critical role in mediating hepatic lipid metabolism.Conclusions Dietary BET supplementation in low-NE diets alleviated hepatic lipid metabolism disorders by regulating m6A RNA methylation,ultimately reducing hepatic lipid accumulation in finishing pigs.展开更多
Background As probiotics,Bacillus strains may regulate some physiological functions in animals.This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with a Bacillus-based probiotic could alleviate gut damage in...Background As probiotics,Bacillus strains may regulate some physiological functions in animals.This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with a Bacillus-based probiotic could alleviate gut damage induced by rotavirus(RV)infection in piglets.Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned into 2 groups fed with the basal diet(n=16)and the diet containing 109 colony-forming unit Bacillus spores/kg(n=8).On d 8,8 piglets fed with the diet supplemented with Bacillus-based probiotic and 8 piglets fed with basal diet were orally infused with RV,while the residue piglets had oral gavage of sterile essential medium.The trial duration was 12 d.Results RV challenge induced diarrhea,significantly destroyed the morphology of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),significantly increased RV-antibody and RV non-structural protein 4 of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),significantly impaired antioxidant capacity(including malondialdehyde level,total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity),immunity(such as interleukin 2,interleukin 4 and secreted immunoglobulin A levels),mucins and the m RNA expression of tightjunction-related(such as Zonula occludens 1,occludin)and apoptotic-related(including B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2-associated X protein,B cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2,cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases)genes of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),and,to some extents,affected the bacteria community structure and abundance of ileal digesta in piglets.However,Bacillus-based probiotic administration could significantly attenuate the negative effects of RV infection on gut health of piglets(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings suggested that supplementing Bacillus-based probiotic in the diet could decrease diarrhea rate,and improve gut health in weaned piglets,which was associated with regulating intestinal antioxidant capacity,apoptosis,and microbiota.展开更多
Because of its softness,wear resistance,biocompatibility,extremely comfortable human touch,thermoplastic vulcanizate(TPV)comprised of silicone rubber(SiR)and thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)(SiR/TPU TPV)is especially s...Because of its softness,wear resistance,biocompatibility,extremely comfortable human touch,thermoplastic vulcanizate(TPV)comprised of silicone rubber(SiR)and thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)(SiR/TPU TPV)is especially suitable for wearable intelligent devices.Nevertheless,developing good compatibilizer is still required to prepare high performance SiR/TPU TPV.In this study,three kinds of polyurethane-polysiloxane copolymer(PU-co-PSi)with different contents of polysiloxane segment were selected,and their compatibilization effect on SiR/TPU blends was studied using nanomechanical mapping technique of AFM.The results show that using PU-co-PSi with the highest content of polysiloxane segment(PU-co-HPSi),the interface thickness largely increases,and the average size of SiR dispersed phase largely decreases,indicating its good compatibilization effect.By using PU-co-HPSi as compatibilizer,SiR/TPU TPV with a fine SiR dispersed phase and good mechanical performance were successfully prepared.The mechanism on the compatibilization effect of these PU-co-PSi on SiR/TPU TPVs was revealed.展开更多
Background Oxidative stress significantly impacts growth performance and liver function in piglets.Ferulic acid(FA)works as an antioxidant,however,the role and mechanism of FA in the regulation of diquat-induced oxida...Background Oxidative stress significantly impacts growth performance and liver function in piglets.Ferulic acid(FA)works as an antioxidant,however,the role and mechanism of FA in the regulation of diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets are less known.This study was designed to investigate the effects of FA on growth performance and antioxi-dant capacity in piglets with diquat challenge.Methods Thirty-two healthy DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)piglets(13.24±0.19 kg)were randomly divided into one of two diets including 0 or 4 g/kg FA for 14 d.On d 15,all pigs were intraperitoneally injected diquat or sterile saline.Results Dietary supplementation with ferulic acid(FA)significantly improved the average daily gain(ADG)and decreased feed-gain ratio(F/G)of piglets.Here,dietary FA supplementation reduced serum aspartate aminotrans-ferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activities in diquat challenged piglets.Furthermore,diquat infusion increased reactive oxygen radicals(ROS)level in liver,decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and increased malondialdehyde(MDA)con-tent in the liver and serum.Supplementation with FA significantly increased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and decreased MDA and ROS levels.FA down-regulated gene and protein expression of Keap1,and up-regulated protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver of piglets with diquat challenge.Importantly,diquat challenge increased the ratio of late apoptosis,increased serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18 and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and up-regulated pyroptosis-related genes in the liver.FA supplementation reduced the ratio of late apoptosis and down-regulated mRNA expression of Caspase-1.Accordingly,FA addition reduced concentration of IL-1β,IL-18,and LDH under diquat challenge.Conclusions Diquat-induced oxidative stress reduced growth performance and impaired liver function in piglets.Dietary FA supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced the degree of hepatocyte pyroptosis,thereby alleviating the oxidative damage in the liver and mitigating the impact of diquat on growth performance of piglets.展开更多
The photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer(LMCT)process has been extensively investigated,however,the recovery of photocatalysts has remained a persistent challenge in the field.In light of this issue,a novel ap...The photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer(LMCT)process has been extensively investigated,however,the recovery of photocatalysts has remained a persistent challenge in the field.In light of this issue,a novel approach involving the development of iron-based ionic liquids as photocatalysts has been pursued for the first time,with the goal of simultaneously facilitating the LMCT process and addressing the issue of photocatalyst recovery.Remarkably,the iron-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(C4mim-Fe Cl4)demonstrates exceptional recyclability and stability for the photocatalytic hydroacylation of olefins.This study will pave the way for new approaches to photocatalytic organic synthesis using ionic liquids as recyclable photocatalysts.展开更多
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the brain. The postoperative recurrence rate was high,and the 2-year survival rate only increased by 20%–25%. The reason is the blood-brain barrier(BBB). BBB is a physical...Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the brain. The postoperative recurrence rate was high,and the 2-year survival rate only increased by 20%–25%. The reason is the blood-brain barrier(BBB). BBB is a physical barrier that stabilizes the physiological environment of brain tissue and protects the central nervous system from the invasion of harmful substances. Drug delivery based on nanotechnology and nanocarriers has attracted much attention due to its biological safety, continuous drug release time,increasing solubility, biological drug activity, and enhanced BBB permeability. By modifying different substances on the surface of nanocarriers, the BBB is bypassed by receptor-mediated and cell endocytosis and exocytosis. In addition, the purpose of bypassing BBB-targeted drug delivery can also be achieved by intranasal administration and local administration. This paper reviews different target transport mechanisms, mainly in invasive and non-invasive strategies, the nanocarriers that have made progress and the nanocarrier strategy of bypassing BBB are listed.展开更多
Photothermal therapy(PTT),characterized by its minimally invasive nature and highly selective tumorkilling ability,holds great potential for tumor therapy.Due to the outstanding photothermal performance and tumor targ...Photothermal therapy(PTT),characterized by its minimally invasive nature and highly selective tumorkilling ability,holds great potential for tumor therapy.Due to the outstanding photothermal performance and tumor targeting ability,nanomaterial-based photothermal agents(nano-PTAs)have further expanded the therapeutic horizons of PTT.However,the dense and complicated network of the tumor extracellular matrix(ECM)severely restricts the penetration of nano-PTAs into deep tumor tissues.Since elevated temperatures are only generated in the vicinity of nano-PTAs upon laser irradiation,the uneven distribution of these agents leads to incomplete tumor coverage across the tumor.Consequently,overcoming ECM barriers and enhancing tumor permeability are critical for the success of tumor PTT.To address this challenge,researchers have explored strategies that combine tumor ECM regulation with PTT to facilitate the deep diffusion of nano-PTAs.This review summarizes the latest advancements in designing nanoPTAs with ECM-remodeling capabilities,aiming to enable their uniform penetration throughout tumors.Additionally,we discuss the remaining obstacles and challenges in elucidating the mechanisms of ECM manipulation and understanding the interactions between nano-PTAs and ECM components during the penetration process.展开更多
The development of innovative and sustainable catalytic strategies for organic synthesis is a pivotal aspect of advancing material science and chemical engineering.This research presents a new catalytic method for the...The development of innovative and sustainable catalytic strategies for organic synthesis is a pivotal aspect of advancing material science and chemical engineering.This research presents a new catalytic method for the aminoacylation of N-sulfonyl ketimines by utilizing a potassium-doped graphite-like carbon nitride(g-C3N4)framework.This method not only enhances the catalytic efficiency and broadens the light absorption spectrum of g-C3N4but also significantly reduces the recombination rate of electronhole pairs,thereby increasing the reaction yield and selectivity.Importantly,our approach facilitates the synthesis of aminoacylated N-heterocycles,expanding the applicability of potassium-modified g-C3N4in photocatalytic organic synthesis.A notable accomplishment of this study is the unprecedented generation of carbamoyl radicals via heterogeneous photocatalysis,which can be easily recycled after reaction.This advancement highlights the capability of potassium-doped g-C3N4(namely K-CN)as an advanced heterogeneous photocatalyst for the formation of complex organic compounds.展开更多
Directly occluding polymer nanoparticles into growing host crystals provides a versatile pathway for synthe sizing polymer-inorganic composite crystals,where guest nanoparticles are distributed within the crystal matr...Directly occluding polymer nanoparticles into growing host crystals provides a versatile pathway for synthe sizing polymer-inorganic composite crystals,where guest nanoparticles are distributed within the crystal matrix.However,systematically controlling the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within a host crystal remains a significant challenge.In this study,we employ a one-step,soap-free emulsion polymerization method to synthesize polyethyleneimine-functionalized poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)(PtBMA/PEI)nanoparticles.These cationic nanoparticles are subsequently modified using formaldehyde to systematically tune the content of surface amine group via the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction.This approach yields a series of model nanoparticles that allow us to investigate how surface chemistry influences the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within calcite crystals.Our findings reveal that the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within calcite crystals is proportional to the surface amine group content.This study offers a new design rule for creating composite crystals with tailored compositions through a nanoparticle occlusion strategy.展开更多
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly heterogeneous tumor.Molecular profiling serves as the foundation for personalized treatment of ICC.Comprehensive molecular testing is needed to identify more patients th...Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly heterogeneous tumor.Molecular profiling serves as the foundation for personalized treatment of ICC.Comprehensive molecular testing is needed to identify more patients that are suitable for specific targeted therapies.This consensus is based on clinical data from both domestic and international sources,tailored to the Chinese context,and focuses on key targets for ICC.We present 15 recommendations aimed at guiding the precision detection of ICC.展开更多
This paper proposes a portable broadband high-gain antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)low-altitude control,operating within the dedicated remotely piloted aircraft system(RPAS)band(5.03–5.91 GHz).The total size ...This paper proposes a portable broadband high-gain antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)low-altitude control,operating within the dedicated remotely piloted aircraft system(RPAS)band(5.03–5.91 GHz).The total size of the antenna is 240×240×187 mm3.It uses a printed log-periodic dipole antenna(PLPDA)as feed,and a four-layer frequency selective surface(FSS)cascaded as radome to enhance gain.Experimental results demonstrate that the antenna gain ranges from 10.1 to 15.9 dB and the half-power beam width(HPBW,2θ0.5)<23°within the operation band.Compared to existing portable UAV low-altitude control systems,the proposed antenna achieves an average gain enhancement of 4.7 dB.展开更多
In this study,the arrangement,configuration,and distance of molecular rotors in the chiral Eu(Ⅲ)complex structure were regulated to achieve an aggregation-enhanced antenna effect,substantially improving the luminesce...In this study,the arrangement,configuration,and distance of molecular rotors in the chiral Eu(Ⅲ)complex structure were regulated to achieve an aggregation-enhanced antenna effect,substantially improving the luminescence intensity,circularly polarized luminescence(CPL),and bioimaging performance of Eu(Ⅲ) complexes.In the aggregated state,the rotor structure of R/S-Eu-YZZ-1 was anchored inside the structure and could not rotate due to the combined effects of strong hydrogen bonding,π-π interactions,and steric effects,which promoted intersystem crossing and enhanced the "antenna effect," thereby improving their emission intensity,luminescence asymmetry factor(glum),and CPL brightness(BCPL).The glum and BCPL of R/S-Eu-YZZ-1 were simultaneously improved,reaching values as high as 0.011/0.047 and 82.10/342.92 M-1 cm-1,respectively.The optical imaging performance of the monolayer chiral isomer R/S-Eu-YZZ-1 was considerably better than that of the bilayer R/S-Eu-YZZ-2 in both in vitro cellular and zebrafish in vivo experiments,indicating that the aggregation-enhanced antenna effect could enhance the bioimaging applications of chiral Eu(Ⅲ) complexes.展开更多
Background Inflammatory bowel disease is a significant health concern for both humans and large-scale farm animals.In the quest for effective alternatives to antibiotics,next-generation probiotics(NGPs)have emerged as...Background Inflammatory bowel disease is a significant health concern for both humans and large-scale farm animals.In the quest for effective alternatives to antibiotics,next-generation probiotics(NGPs)have emerged as a promising option.The genus Blautia presents a rich source of potential NGP strains.Here we successfully isolated Blautia hominis LYH1 strain from the intestines of healthy weaned piglets and characterized its biological traits.Its antiinflammatory activity was then assessed using macrophages,while its protective effects against colitis and gut barrier damage were validated in a DSS-induced mouse colitis model.Results B.hominis LYH1 displayed typical characteristics of an obligate anaerobe,including non-hemolytic and nonmotile features,and a genome enriched with carbohydrate-active enzyme genes.It produced metabolites with antibiotic-like compounds,demonstrating antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli.In vitro,B.hominis LYH1 effectively inhibited pathogen replication in macrophages,reducing cellular infections and alleviating inflammatory damage.In vivo,oral administration of B.hominis LYH1 or its metabolites significantly mitigated DSS-induced colitis in mice by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines,inhibiting T-lymphocyte activation,and enhancing short-chain fatty acid production.Conclusions Our findings underscore B.hominis LYH1’s potential as a NGP for maintaining gut health and combating intestinal inflammation.These findings offer valuable insights into the development of antibiotic alternatives and innovative strategies for preventing and treating enteritis in both agricultural and medical settings.展开更多
Significance:Over 80%of cervical cancer cases occur in lower-to-middle income countries(LMIC’s).This is partly because current screening techniques lack affordability,accessibility,and/or reliability for use in LMIC...Significance:Over 80%of cervical cancer cases occur in lower-to-middle income countries(LMIC’s).This is partly because current screening techniques lack affordability,accessibility,and/or reliability for use in LMIC’s.Aim:To develop an optical technique for cervical cancer screening that is affordable,accessible,and reliable for use in LMIC’s.Approach:We developed a portable diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)system,which costs$<2500 USD to manufacture,and employs a Raspberry Pi to extract the absorption(μα)and reduced scattering(μ′s)coefficients of biological tissue.The system was subject to travel and intentional rough handling.It was further used to capture 320 DRS spectra taken from 64 tissue-mimicking phantoms.Two users collected phantom data,one“expert”,and one“novice”in biomedical optics.The system was also used to collect 335 spectra from colon,small intestine,and rectal tissue of a fresh ex vivo porcine specimen.A previously described artificial intelligence model was used to extract optical properties,and a GradientBoostingClassifier identified the organ of origin for ex vivo spectra.Results:System alignment was robust to intentional rough handling and travel.Phantomμαandμ′s were predicted with average root-mean square error of<10%,regardless of user.Regarding ex vivo data,the system predicted the organ of origin with 80–90%accuracy.Statistical differences between predicted wereμαobserved in all three organs(P<0.001–0.03),and betweenμ′s in two organs(P<0.001–0.07).Conclusions:The DRS system has the potential to be affordable,reliable,and accessible for cervical screening in LMIC’s.展开更多
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(No.22-13-00035)the National Outstanding Young Scientists Fund(No.52125002)+14 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFC3904800 and 2022YFB4002501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52400228,52300139,22308063,52103340,U22A20418,22578302,52202208,52400163,52205054,22075171,52177214,22405201,52371072,52171078,52377218)the Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(No.2024C03284(SD2))the Research Development Fund of Zhejiang A&F University(No.2024LFR042)the President Research Funds from Xiamen University(No.ZK1111)Nanqiang Youth Scholar program of Xiamen University,the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2023QNRC001)Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen(No.3502z202471037)Open Fund of the State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University(No.NKPMLF202409)the Key Project of Research and Development Plan of Jiangxi Province(No.20243BBI91001)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.23ZR1423400)the Postdoctoral Science Research Program of Shaanxi(No.2023BSHEDzZ159)Xidian University Specially Funded Project for Interdisciplinary Exploration(No.TZJH2024062)the Open Project of Yunnan Precious Metals Laboratory Co.,Ltd.(No.YPML-20240502058)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(No.202303021212159)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Normal University(No.JCYJ2024017).
摘要Sustainable development for our life is important task,which is driven by key materials and technologies.In this roadmap,we discuss three main aspects in addressing environmental questions,green chemical processes and energy challenges.They are included,such as gas treatment and separation,wastewater treatment,waste gas treatment,solid waste treatment,lithium extraction,hydrogen production,water splitting,CO2 reduction,photocatalytic clean technologies,plastic degradation,fuel cells,lithium batteries,sodium batteries,aqueous batteries,solid state batteries,metal air batteries and supercapacitors.Their status,challenges,progress and future perspectives are also discussed.We hope that this paper can give clear views on sustainable development in materials and technologies.
基金funded by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021ZDZX0009)the earmarked fund from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972577)。
摘要Background Inflammatory bowel disease causes intestinal structural damage,impairs gut function,hinders animal growth and development,and reduces farming efficiency.Previous studies demonstrated that lactate alleviates dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced inflammation and mitigates weight loss by enhancing intestinal barrier functions.However,the mechanisms underlying lactate-mediated protection of the intestinal epithelial barrier remain unclear.This study aimed to explore the protective effect of lactate on intestinal barrier damage in colitis piglets and the possible underlying mechanisms through in vivo and in vitro experiments.Methods A total of 6021-day-old weaned female piglets were randomly assigned into three groups based on weight:the control group(basal diet with physiological saline gavage),the DSS group(basal diet with 5%DSS gavage),and the DSS+LA group(2%lactate diet with 5%DSS gavage).There were 10 replicates per treatment,with 2 piglets per replicate.Jejunal morphology was assessed via hematoxylin and eosin staining,while Western blotting quantified the protein levels of proliferation markers,including cluster of differentiation 24(CD24),cyclin D1,and wingless/integrated(Wnt)/β-catenin signaling components.In vitro,0.08%DSS and 2–32 mmol/L sodium lactate-treated intestinal porcine epithelial cell line-J2(IPEC-J2)cells(n=4)were assessed for viability(Cell Counting Kit-8 assay),apoptosis(flow cytometry),and proliferation parameters,including cell cycle analysis and Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5(Lgr5+)stem cell quantification.Results In vivo,DSS administration induced jejunal villus shortening(P<0.05),downregulated protein levels of CD24,cyclin D1,casein kinase 1(CK1),and dishevelled-2(DVL2)(P<0.05).In vitro,DSS promoted apoptosis,inhibited proliferation,diminished the Lgr5+cell populations(P<0.05),and reduced S-phase cell proportions(P<0.05).Conversely,lactate supplementation ameliorated DSS-induced villus atrophy(P<0.05),restored CD24,cyclin D1,CK1,and DVL2 protein levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,in vitro,sodium lactate attenuated DSS-induced apoptosis(P<0.05),enhanced IPEC-J2 proliferation(P<0.05),expanded Lgr5+cells(P<0.05),and increased S-phase progression(P<0.05).Conclusions In summary,lactate ameliorated intestinal barrier damage in DSS-induced colitis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and restoring the balance between epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis.This study provides novel mechanistic evidence supporting lactate's therapeutic potential for IBD management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22209143)Jiangsu Carbon Peak Carbon Neutralization Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund(Grant No.BE2022605)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe support from the Youth Fund Project of GRINM。
摘要Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)hold great promise for safe and sustainable energy storage,but their commercialization is impeded by severe Zn dendrite growth and interfacial instability.To address these challenges,we propose a defect engineering strategy employing ultrafine ZnAl2O4(ZAO)nanoparticles(~5 nm)with oxygen vacancy defects as an artificial protective layer for Zn anodes.Synthesized via a scalable coprecipitation approach,the ZAO layer demonstrates exceptional Zn2+affinity and rapid ion diffusion,enabling uniform Zn deposition and suppressing parasitic reactions.Remarkably,the ZAO@Zn symmetric cell achieves an unprecedented cycling stability of 3600 h at 20 mA cm-2,outperforming most reported Zn anodes modified with metal oxyacid compounds.Moreover,the assembled ZAO@Zn//MnO2full cell retains a capacity of 166.5 mAh g-1after 1000 cycles at 2 A g-1.This work highlights that engineering oxygen vacancies in the ZAO layer is an effective strategy to enhance the performance and longevity of Zn anodes in AZIBs,paving the way for more reliable and efficient energy storage solutions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31730091,32372900,32072743)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0237)Major Science and Technology Projects in Sichuan Province(2021ZDZX0009)。
摘要Background Diarrhea remains a major health concern in both young animals and humans.Prevotella spp.,a dominant commensal genus in the healthy porcine gut,becomes increasingly abundant following weaning,suggesting a potential role during this critical transitional period.However,its involvement in post-weaning diarrhea remains poorly understood.Here,we aim to elucidate the role and underlying mechanisms of Prevotella in alleviating diarrhea in weaned piglets.Results To model unsanitary housing conditions,piglets were housed in uncleaned pens containing residual fecal matter from previous occupants and exposed to cold stress by maintaining the ambient temperature at 19℃,below the optimal 28℃.Under these conditions,piglets were orally administered either a blank medium(CON,n=10×2)or Prevotella copri at 1×108CFU(Pc,n=10×2)on d 1,3,and 5.After 28 d,cold stress induced a diarrhea incidence of 33.45%in the CON group,while P.copri supplementation significantly reduced the diarrhea rate to 19.73%.Treatment with P.copri markedly improved intestinal morphology in the small intestine,decreased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein(i-FABP),and enhanced total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and catalase(CAT)activity.Quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that P.copri significantly increased the colonic abundance of Prevotella,reshaping both the composition and functional profile of the gut microbiota.Moreover,P.copri enhanced the modularity and robustness of microbial ecological networks.Untargeted metabolomic profiling of colonic contents revealed a significant enrichment of metabolites involved in the arachidonic acid pathway following P.copri supplementation.In parallel,untargeted metabolomics of P.copri culture supernatants identified differential metabolic pathways including metabolic pathways,biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,and biosynthesis of antibiotics.In vitro assays demonstrated that P.copri-derived metabolites inhibited the growth of three common porcine intestinal pathogens.Furthermore,both P.copri metabolites and arachidonic acid enhanced intestinal barrier integrity and suppressed TNF-α-induced inflammation and apoptosis in Caco-2 cells through activation of the AHR–Nrf2 signaling pathway.Conclusions These findings highlight the role of P.copri in maintaining gut homeostasis and provide new insights into microbiota-based interventions for early-life intestinal disorders.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1300502)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2021ZDZX0009)。
摘要Background Low dietary energy levels can disrupt energy balance,causing metabolic disorders,particularly those involving in hepatic lipid metabolism.Betaine(BET),an important methyl donor,has demonstrated protective effects against liver diseases.However,its effects on hepatic lipid metabolism in pigs fed a low-net energy(NE)diet and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.Thirty-two pigs(85.52±2.27 kg)were randomly assigned to four treatments:N-NE group(normal NE diet,2,475 kcal/kg NE),N-NEB group(normal NE diet+1,500 mg/kg BET,2,475 kcal/kg NE),R100-NE group(low-NE diet,2,375 kcal/kg NE),and R100-NEB group(low-NE diet+1,500 mg/kg BET,2,375 kcal/kg NE).The experiment lasted 35 d.Results There was no significant difference in growth performance among the groups(P>0.05).Reducing dietary NE levels caused liver dysfunction and increased total glyceride concentration,accompanied by lipid metabolism disorders.BET supplementation in a low-NE diet exhibited hepatoprotective roles,as evidenced by increased TP concentration and reduced ALT level in serum(P<0.05),as well as decreased fat content,adipocyte size,and total glyceride concentration in the liver(P<0.05).Meanwhile,dietary BET alleviated low-NE diet-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorder by downregulating mRNA expressions of genes related to fatty acid transport(FABP3 and CD36)and lipogenesis(SREBP1c and FASN),while upregulating mRNA expressions involved in lipolysis(CPT1 and HSL)(P<0.05).Furthermore,dietary BET increased serum SAM concentration and the SAM/SAH ratio in pigs fed low-NE diets(P<0.05),thereby providing sufficient methyl groups through regulating the activities of enzymes participated in BET metabolism.Mechanistically,BET increased m6A modification level and regulated mRNA and protein expressions of m6A modified proteins including METTL3,METTL14,WTAP,YTHDF1,and ALKBH5.Correlation analysis showed a significant association between m6A RNA methylation and hepatic lipid metabolism,suggesting that m6A RNA methylation may play a critical role in mediating hepatic lipid metabolism.Conclusions Dietary BET supplementation in low-NE diets alleviated hepatic lipid metabolism disorders by regulating m6A RNA methylation,ultimately reducing hepatic lipid accumulation in finishing pigs.
基金financially supported by the fund from the Project of Evonik Operations GmbH(34.63.21010)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2024NSFSC0304)。
摘要Background As probiotics,Bacillus strains may regulate some physiological functions in animals.This study aimed to evaluate whether dietary supplementation with a Bacillus-based probiotic could alleviate gut damage induced by rotavirus(RV)infection in piglets.Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned into 2 groups fed with the basal diet(n=16)and the diet containing 109 colony-forming unit Bacillus spores/kg(n=8).On d 8,8 piglets fed with the diet supplemented with Bacillus-based probiotic and 8 piglets fed with basal diet were orally infused with RV,while the residue piglets had oral gavage of sterile essential medium.The trial duration was 12 d.Results RV challenge induced diarrhea,significantly destroyed the morphology of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),significantly increased RV-antibody and RV non-structural protein 4 of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),significantly impaired antioxidant capacity(including malondialdehyde level,total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity),immunity(such as interleukin 2,interleukin 4 and secreted immunoglobulin A levels),mucins and the m RNA expression of tightjunction-related(such as Zonula occludens 1,occludin)and apoptotic-related(including B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2-associated X protein,B cell lymphoma/leukaemia-2,cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinases)genes of jejunal mucosa(P<0.05),and,to some extents,affected the bacteria community structure and abundance of ileal digesta in piglets.However,Bacillus-based probiotic administration could significantly attenuate the negative effects of RV infection on gut health of piglets(P<0.05).Conclusions These findings suggested that supplementing Bacillus-based probiotic in the diet could decrease diarrhea rate,and improve gut health in weaned piglets,which was associated with regulating intestinal antioxidant capacity,apoptosis,and microbiota.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51525301 and 51903009)the National Key Research & Development Plan (No. 2017YFB0307003)Chinese Scholarship Council for supporting his PhD study in Chimie Paris Tech-PSL Research University, France (No. 202106880002)
摘要Because of its softness,wear resistance,biocompatibility,extremely comfortable human touch,thermoplastic vulcanizate(TPV)comprised of silicone rubber(SiR)and thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)(SiR/TPU TPV)is especially suitable for wearable intelligent devices.Nevertheless,developing good compatibilizer is still required to prepare high performance SiR/TPU TPV.In this study,three kinds of polyurethane-polysiloxane copolymer(PU-co-PSi)with different contents of polysiloxane segment were selected,and their compatibilization effect on SiR/TPU blends was studied using nanomechanical mapping technique of AFM.The results show that using PU-co-PSi with the highest content of polysiloxane segment(PU-co-HPSi),the interface thickness largely increases,and the average size of SiR dispersed phase largely decreases,indicating its good compatibilization effect.By using PU-co-HPSi as compatibilizer,SiR/TPU TPV with a fine SiR dispersed phase and good mechanical performance were successfully prepared.The mechanism on the compatibilization effect of these PU-co-PSi on SiR/TPU TPVs was revealed.
基金Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2021ZDZX0009).
摘要Background Oxidative stress significantly impacts growth performance and liver function in piglets.Ferulic acid(FA)works as an antioxidant,however,the role and mechanism of FA in the regulation of diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets are less known.This study was designed to investigate the effects of FA on growth performance and antioxi-dant capacity in piglets with diquat challenge.Methods Thirty-two healthy DLY(Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire)piglets(13.24±0.19 kg)were randomly divided into one of two diets including 0 or 4 g/kg FA for 14 d.On d 15,all pigs were intraperitoneally injected diquat or sterile saline.Results Dietary supplementation with ferulic acid(FA)significantly improved the average daily gain(ADG)and decreased feed-gain ratio(F/G)of piglets.Here,dietary FA supplementation reduced serum aspartate aminotrans-ferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activities in diquat challenged piglets.Furthermore,diquat infusion increased reactive oxygen radicals(ROS)level in liver,decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and increased malondialdehyde(MDA)con-tent in the liver and serum.Supplementation with FA significantly increased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and decreased MDA and ROS levels.FA down-regulated gene and protein expression of Keap1,and up-regulated protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver of piglets with diquat challenge.Importantly,diquat challenge increased the ratio of late apoptosis,increased serum levels of IL-1β,IL-18 and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and up-regulated pyroptosis-related genes in the liver.FA supplementation reduced the ratio of late apoptosis and down-regulated mRNA expression of Caspase-1.Accordingly,FA addition reduced concentration of IL-1β,IL-18,and LDH under diquat challenge.Conclusions Diquat-induced oxidative stress reduced growth performance and impaired liver function in piglets.Dietary FA supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced the degree of hepatocyte pyroptosis,thereby alleviating the oxidative damage in the liver and mitigating the impact of diquat on growth performance of piglets.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22071222,22171249)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Nos.232300421363,242300420526)+2 种基金Key Research Projects of Universities in Henan Province(No.23A180010)Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(No.23HASTIT003)Science and Technology Research and Development Plan Joint Fund of Henan Province(No.242301420006)。
摘要The photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer(LMCT)process has been extensively investigated,however,the recovery of photocatalysts has remained a persistent challenge in the field.In light of this issue,a novel approach involving the development of iron-based ionic liquids as photocatalysts has been pursued for the first time,with the goal of simultaneously facilitating the LMCT process and addressing the issue of photocatalyst recovery.Remarkably,the iron-based ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrachloroferrate(C4mim-Fe Cl4)demonstrates exceptional recyclability and stability for the photocatalytic hydroacylation of olefins.This study will pave the way for new approaches to photocatalytic organic synthesis using ionic liquids as recyclable photocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22074072, 22274083)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Nos. ZR2022LZY022, ZR2023LZY005)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of South District of Qingdao City (No. 2022–4–005-YY)the Exploration project of the State Key Laboratory of Bio Fibers and Eco Textiles of Qingdao University (No. TSKT202101)the High-Level Discipline Project of Shandong Province。
摘要Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the brain. The postoperative recurrence rate was high,and the 2-year survival rate only increased by 20%–25%. The reason is the blood-brain barrier(BBB). BBB is a physical barrier that stabilizes the physiological environment of brain tissue and protects the central nervous system from the invasion of harmful substances. Drug delivery based on nanotechnology and nanocarriers has attracted much attention due to its biological safety, continuous drug release time,increasing solubility, biological drug activity, and enhanced BBB permeability. By modifying different substances on the surface of nanocarriers, the BBB is bypassed by receptor-mediated and cell endocytosis and exocytosis. In addition, the purpose of bypassing BBB-targeted drug delivery can also be achieved by intranasal administration and local administration. This paper reviews different target transport mechanisms, mainly in invasive and non-invasive strategies, the nanocarriers that have made progress and the nanocarrier strategy of bypassing BBB are listed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22074072,22274083,32171362)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2022LZY022,ZR2023LZY005,ZR2022YQ73,ZR2021MH087,ZR2024MH070)+1 种基金Special Funds of the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202306168)Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project of Shandong Province(No.M-2023124)。
摘要Photothermal therapy(PTT),characterized by its minimally invasive nature and highly selective tumorkilling ability,holds great potential for tumor therapy.Due to the outstanding photothermal performance and tumor targeting ability,nanomaterial-based photothermal agents(nano-PTAs)have further expanded the therapeutic horizons of PTT.However,the dense and complicated network of the tumor extracellular matrix(ECM)severely restricts the penetration of nano-PTAs into deep tumor tissues.Since elevated temperatures are only generated in the vicinity of nano-PTAs upon laser irradiation,the uneven distribution of these agents leads to incomplete tumor coverage across the tumor.Consequently,overcoming ECM barriers and enhancing tumor permeability are critical for the success of tumor PTT.To address this challenge,researchers have explored strategies that combine tumor ECM regulation with PTT to facilitate the deep diffusion of nano-PTAs.This review summarizes the latest advancements in designing nanoPTAs with ECM-remodeling capabilities,aiming to enable their uniform penetration throughout tumors.Additionally,we discuss the remaining obstacles and challenges in elucidating the mechanisms of ECM manipulation and understanding the interactions between nano-PTAs and ECM components during the penetration process.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22171249)the Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(No.23HASTIT003)。
摘要The development of innovative and sustainable catalytic strategies for organic synthesis is a pivotal aspect of advancing material science and chemical engineering.This research presents a new catalytic method for the aminoacylation of N-sulfonyl ketimines by utilizing a potassium-doped graphite-like carbon nitride(g-C3N4)framework.This method not only enhances the catalytic efficiency and broadens the light absorption spectrum of g-C3N4but also significantly reduces the recombination rate of electronhole pairs,thereby increasing the reaction yield and selectivity.Importantly,our approach facilitates the synthesis of aminoacylated N-heterocycles,expanding the applicability of potassium-modified g-C3N4in photocatalytic organic synthesis.A notable accomplishment of this study is the unprecedented generation of carbamoyl radicals via heterogeneous photocatalysis,which can be easily recycled after reaction.This advancement highlights the capability of potassium-doped g-C3N4(namely K-CN)as an advanced heterogeneous photocatalyst for the formation of complex organic compounds.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22475084 and 22101100)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2024A1515012114 and 2025A1515012931)College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program.
摘要Directly occluding polymer nanoparticles into growing host crystals provides a versatile pathway for synthe sizing polymer-inorganic composite crystals,where guest nanoparticles are distributed within the crystal matrix.However,systematically controlling the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within a host crystal remains a significant challenge.In this study,we employ a one-step,soap-free emulsion polymerization method to synthesize polyethyleneimine-functionalized poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)(PtBMA/PEI)nanoparticles.These cationic nanoparticles are subsequently modified using formaldehyde to systematically tune the content of surface amine group via the Eschweiler-Clarke reaction.This approach yields a series of model nanoparticles that allow us to investigate how surface chemistry influences the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within calcite crystals.Our findings reveal that the extent of nanoparticle occlusion within calcite crystals is proportional to the surface amine group content.This study offers a new design rule for creating composite crystals with tailored compositions through a nanoparticle occlusion strategy.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22 JC1403002).
摘要Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly heterogeneous tumor.Molecular profiling serves as the foundation for personalized treatment of ICC.Comprehensive molecular testing is needed to identify more patients that are suitable for specific targeted therapies.This consensus is based on clinical data from both domestic and international sources,tailored to the Chinese context,and focuses on key targets for ICC.We present 15 recommendations aimed at guiding the precision detection of ICC.
摘要This paper proposes a portable broadband high-gain antenna for unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)low-altitude control,operating within the dedicated remotely piloted aircraft system(RPAS)band(5.03–5.91 GHz).The total size of the antenna is 240×240×187 mm3.It uses a printed log-periodic dipole antenna(PLPDA)as feed,and a four-layer frequency selective surface(FSS)cascaded as radome to enhance gain.Experimental results demonstrate that the antenna gain ranges from 10.1 to 15.9 dB and the half-power beam width(HPBW,2θ0.5)<23°within the operation band.Compared to existing portable UAV low-altitude control systems,the proposed antenna achieves an average gain enhancement of 4.7 dB.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22271068)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(No.2025GXNSFDA069029)the Startup Fund of Guangxi University(Nos.ZX1080030424009 and ZX1080030424008)
摘要In this study,the arrangement,configuration,and distance of molecular rotors in the chiral Eu(Ⅲ)complex structure were regulated to achieve an aggregation-enhanced antenna effect,substantially improving the luminescence intensity,circularly polarized luminescence(CPL),and bioimaging performance of Eu(Ⅲ) complexes.In the aggregated state,the rotor structure of R/S-Eu-YZZ-1 was anchored inside the structure and could not rotate due to the combined effects of strong hydrogen bonding,π-π interactions,and steric effects,which promoted intersystem crossing and enhanced the "antenna effect," thereby improving their emission intensity,luminescence asymmetry factor(glum),and CPL brightness(BCPL).The glum and BCPL of R/S-Eu-YZZ-1 were simultaneously improved,reaching values as high as 0.011/0.047 and 82.10/342.92 M-1 cm-1,respectively.The optical imaging performance of the monolayer chiral isomer R/S-Eu-YZZ-1 was considerably better than that of the bilayer R/S-Eu-YZZ-2 in both in vitro cellular and zebrafish in vivo experiments,indicating that the aggregation-enhanced antenna effect could enhance the bioimaging applications of chiral Eu(Ⅲ) complexes.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2023NSFSC0237)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372900)Major Special Projects in Sichuan Province(2021ZDZX0009).
摘要Background Inflammatory bowel disease is a significant health concern for both humans and large-scale farm animals.In the quest for effective alternatives to antibiotics,next-generation probiotics(NGPs)have emerged as a promising option.The genus Blautia presents a rich source of potential NGP strains.Here we successfully isolated Blautia hominis LYH1 strain from the intestines of healthy weaned piglets and characterized its biological traits.Its antiinflammatory activity was then assessed using macrophages,while its protective effects against colitis and gut barrier damage were validated in a DSS-induced mouse colitis model.Results B.hominis LYH1 displayed typical characteristics of an obligate anaerobe,including non-hemolytic and nonmotile features,and a genome enriched with carbohydrate-active enzyme genes.It produced metabolites with antibiotic-like compounds,demonstrating antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli.In vitro,B.hominis LYH1 effectively inhibited pathogen replication in macrophages,reducing cellular infections and alleviating inflammatory damage.In vivo,oral administration of B.hominis LYH1 or its metabolites significantly mitigated DSS-induced colitis in mice by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines,inhibiting T-lymphocyte activation,and enhancing short-chain fatty acid production.Conclusions Our findings underscore B.hominis LYH1’s potential as a NGP for maintaining gut health and combating intestinal inflammation.These findings offer valuable insights into the development of antibiotic alternatives and innovative strategies for preventing and treating enteritis in both agricultural and medical settings.
摘要Significance:Over 80%of cervical cancer cases occur in lower-to-middle income countries(LMIC’s).This is partly because current screening techniques lack affordability,accessibility,and/or reliability for use in LMIC’s.Aim:To develop an optical technique for cervical cancer screening that is affordable,accessible,and reliable for use in LMIC’s.Approach:We developed a portable diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(DRS)system,which costs$<2500 USD to manufacture,and employs a Raspberry Pi to extract the absorption(μα)and reduced scattering(μ′s)coefficients of biological tissue.The system was subject to travel and intentional rough handling.It was further used to capture 320 DRS spectra taken from 64 tissue-mimicking phantoms.Two users collected phantom data,one“expert”,and one“novice”in biomedical optics.The system was also used to collect 335 spectra from colon,small intestine,and rectal tissue of a fresh ex vivo porcine specimen.A previously described artificial intelligence model was used to extract optical properties,and a GradientBoostingClassifier identified the organ of origin for ex vivo spectra.Results:System alignment was robust to intentional rough handling and travel.Phantomμαandμ′s were predicted with average root-mean square error of<10%,regardless of user.Regarding ex vivo data,the system predicted the organ of origin with 80–90%accuracy.Statistical differences between predicted wereμαobserved in all three organs(P<0.001–0.03),and betweenμ′s in two organs(P<0.001–0.07).Conclusions:The DRS system has the potential to be affordable,reliable,and accessible for cervical screening in LMIC’s.