The energy transition inspired by carbon neutrality targets and the increasing threat of extreme events raise multi-objective development requirements for power systems.This paper proposes a multi-objective resource a...The energy transition inspired by carbon neutrality targets and the increasing threat of extreme events raise multi-objective development requirements for power systems.This paper proposes a multi-objective resource allocation model to determine the type,number and location of flexible resources to increase the values of resilience,carbon reduction and renewable energy consumption.To evaluate the values of resilience,a restoration model for transmission systems is established that considers the coordination of fossil-fuel generators,energy storage systems(ESSs)and renewable energy generators in building restoration paths.The collaborative power-carbon-tradable green certificate(TGC)market model is then applied to evaluate the resource values in terms of carbon reduction and renewable energy consumption.Finally,the model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)with a nonconvex feasible domain,and the normalized normal constraint(NNC)method is applied to obtain approximate Pareto frontiers for decision makers.Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in improving multi-factor values and analyze the impact of resource regulation capacity on values of restoration and carbon reduction.展开更多
Although lithium-rich manganese-based(LRM)cathode materials have high capacity(>250 mAh g-1)due to their multi-electron redox mechanisms and offer cost advantages due to their high Mn content,challenges remain b...Although lithium-rich manganese-based(LRM)cathode materials have high capacity(>250 mAh g-1)due to their multi-electron redox mechanisms and offer cost advantages due to their high Mn content,challenges remain before they can achieve commercialization as replacements for lithium cobalt oxides which have high volumetric energy density.Here,we construct a hierarchically structured LRM cathode,featuring primary micro-bricks and abundant exposure of lithium-ion active transport facets({010}planes).Benefiting from these densely packed bricks and rapid lithium-ion active planes,the hierarchical material achieves an optimal compaction density of 3.4 g cm-3 and an ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 3431.0 Wh L-1,which is the highest performance level to date.Advanced characterizations,including hard X-ray absorption spectra and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectra,combined with density functional theory calculations,demonstrate that the hierarchical material shows a highly reversible charge compensation process and low-strain structural evolution.In addition,when the material has appropriate Li/Ni intermixing,it is not prone to shearing or sliding along the two-dimensional lithium-ion diffusion planes,which promotes robust architectural stability under high-pressure calendering and long-term cycling.This work should promote the development of advanced cathode materials for rechargeable batteries with high volumetric energy density.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness and enhanced safety.Layered transition metal oxides(LTMOs)represent one of ...Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness and enhanced safety.Layered transition metal oxides(LTMOs)represent one of the most fascinating electrode materials owing to their superior specific capacity,environmental benignity,and facile synthesis.However,they are confronted with challenges,such as irreversible phase transition,structural instability,and insufficient battery performance.Notably,entropy engineering emerges as an effective strategy to mitigate the above issues in energy storage research.This strategy aims to achieve precise composition control and optimized structure-property relationships,thereby enabling LTMOs to overcome the aforementioned limitations.This review focuses on medium-and high-entropy oxides(MEOs and HEOs),highlighting their design principles,growth mechanisms,and applications in layered oxide cathodes for SIBs.Through an in-depth analysis of electrochemical performance,phase transition behavior,and disorder structure regulation,we provide comprehensive insights into the application prospects and optimization pathways of MEO/HEO materials in advanced SIBs.Current challenges are also discussed,offering valuable insights and perspectives to overcome the performance bottlenecks of SIBs and facilitate their large-scale deployment.展开更多
Ni-rich cathode materials,exemplified by LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2(NCM),have significantly propelled Li-ion battery(LIB)technology forward owing to their high energy density.However,the long-term storage stability of...Ni-rich cathode materials,exemplified by LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2(NCM),have significantly propelled Li-ion battery(LIB)technology forward owing to their high energy density.However,the long-term storage stability of these materials remains a critical challenge that must be addressed.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the storage failure mechanisms in both polycrystalline(PC-NCM)and single crystal(SC-NCM)forms,a topic that has been seldom reviewed.It delves into the microstructural changes and performance degradation that occur during storage,emphasizing the effects of environmental factors on NCM materials,including the formation of surface impurities and structural deterioration.Additionally,the review discusses various enhancement strategies,such as surface coatings,doping,and gas treatments,which are designed to improve storage stability.Furthermore,the review projects insights from current polycrystalline studies to suggest future research directions aimed at enhancing the air stability of SC-NCM,which is vital for improving the safety and durability of LIBs.展开更多
With the gradually widely usage of the air conditioning(AC) loads in developing countries, the urban power grid load has swiftly increased over the past decade.Especially in China, the AC load has accounted for over30...With the gradually widely usage of the air conditioning(AC) loads in developing countries, the urban power grid load has swiftly increased over the past decade.Especially in China, the AC load has accounted for over30% of the maximum load in many cities during summer.This paper proposes a scheme of constructing a virtual peaking unit(VPU) by public buildings’ cool storage central AC(CSCAC) systems and non-CSCAC(NCSCAC)systems for the day-ahead power network dispatching(DAPND). Considering the accumulation effect of different meteorological parameters, a short term load forecasting method of public building’s central AC(CAC) baseline load is firstly discussed. Then, a second-order equivalent thermal parameters model is established for the public building’s CAC load. Moreover, the novel load reduction control strategies for the public building’s CSCAC system and the public building’s NCSCAC system are respectively presented. Furthermore, based on the multiple-rank control strategy, the model of the DAPND with the participation of a VPU is set up. The VPU is composed of large-scale regulated public building’s CAC loads. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, results of a sample study on a region in Nanjing which involves 22 public buildings’ CAC loads are described in this paper. Simulated results show that, by adopting the proposed DAPND scheme, the power network peak load in the region obviously decreases with a small enough deviation between the regulated load value and the dispatching instruction of the VPU. The total electricity-saving amount accounts for7.78% of total electricity consumption of the VPU before regulation.展开更多
The inter-regional electricity market is instrumen-tal in enhancing the economic efficiency,reliability,and integra-tion of renewable generation within interconnected power sys-tems.As the market boundary expands,the ...The inter-regional electricity market is instrumen-tal in enhancing the economic efficiency,reliability,and integra-tion of renewable generation within interconnected power sys-tems.As the market boundary expands,the complexity and so-lution difficulties of market clearing increase rapidly.The pres-ence of hybrid alternating current(AC)/direct current(DC)in-terconnector networks further compounds challenges in model-ing trading paths and transmission tariffs.To address these is-sues,this paper proposes a path-aware_market-clearing(PAMC)model tailored for the inter-regional electricity market,which accommodates the hybrid AC/DC interconnector net-work.A variable aggregation strategy is proposed to reduce the problem scale while ensuring equivalent optimality.In addition,a novel redundancy elimination method is developed to expedite the solution of the market-clearing problem.This framework utilizes envelope approximations of residual demand curves to identify bidding blocks that will not affect the marginal price.Corresponding decision variables are then constrained to their bounds to remove redundant information.Comprehensive case studies across different power system scales validate the superi-ority of the proposed PAMC model in improving social welfare,and verify the effectiveness of the proposed redundancy elimina-tion method in accelerating the solution of the market-clearing problem.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China“Research on Comprehensive Value Evaluation Method of Flexible Adjusting Resources under Carbon-electricity-certificate Market Coupling Environment”(No.5108-202455038A-1-1-ZN).
摘要The energy transition inspired by carbon neutrality targets and the increasing threat of extreme events raise multi-objective development requirements for power systems.This paper proposes a multi-objective resource allocation model to determine the type,number and location of flexible resources to increase the values of resilience,carbon reduction and renewable energy consumption.To evaluate the values of resilience,a restoration model for transmission systems is established that considers the coordination of fossil-fuel generators,energy storage systems(ESSs)and renewable energy generators in building restoration paths.The collaborative power-carbon-tradable green certificate(TGC)market model is then applied to evaluate the resource values in terms of carbon reduction and renewable energy consumption.Finally,the model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)with a nonconvex feasible domain,and the normalized normal constraint(NNC)method is applied to obtain approximate Pareto frontiers for decision makers.Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed model in improving multi-factor values and analyze the impact of resource regulation capacity on values of restoration and carbon reduction.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22109010)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFC2902905)+3 种基金the Beijing Nova Program,the Chongqing Outstanding Youth Fund(2022NSCQ-JQX3895)the Chongqing Talents Plan for Young Talents(CQYC202005032)the Key Project of Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development(2022TIAD-DEX0024)support from the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars。
摘要Although lithium-rich manganese-based(LRM)cathode materials have high capacity(>250 mAh g-1)due to their multi-electron redox mechanisms and offer cost advantages due to their high Mn content,challenges remain before they can achieve commercialization as replacements for lithium cobalt oxides which have high volumetric energy density.Here,we construct a hierarchically structured LRM cathode,featuring primary micro-bricks and abundant exposure of lithium-ion active transport facets({010}planes).Benefiting from these densely packed bricks and rapid lithium-ion active planes,the hierarchical material achieves an optimal compaction density of 3.4 g cm-3 and an ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 3431.0 Wh L-1,which is the highest performance level to date.Advanced characterizations,including hard X-ray absorption spectra and wide-angle X-ray scattering spectra,combined with density functional theory calculations,demonstrate that the hierarchical material shows a highly reversible charge compensation process and low-strain structural evolution.In addition,when the material has appropriate Li/Ni intermixing,it is not prone to shearing or sliding along the two-dimensional lithium-ion diffusion planes,which promotes robust architectural stability under high-pressure calendering and long-term cycling.This work should promote the development of advanced cathode materials for rechargeable batteries with high volumetric energy density.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22109010)the Beijing Nova Program,the Chongqing Outstanding Youth Fund(No.2022NSCQJQX3895)+3 种基金the Chongqing Talents Plan for Young Talents(No.CQYC202005032)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2902905)the Key Project of Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development(No.2022TIADDEX0024)N.L.acknowledges support from the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars.
摘要Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness and enhanced safety.Layered transition metal oxides(LTMOs)represent one of the most fascinating electrode materials owing to their superior specific capacity,environmental benignity,and facile synthesis.However,they are confronted with challenges,such as irreversible phase transition,structural instability,and insufficient battery performance.Notably,entropy engineering emerges as an effective strategy to mitigate the above issues in energy storage research.This strategy aims to achieve precise composition control and optimized structure-property relationships,thereby enabling LTMOs to overcome the aforementioned limitations.This review focuses on medium-and high-entropy oxides(MEOs and HEOs),highlighting their design principles,growth mechanisms,and applications in layered oxide cathodes for SIBs.Through an in-depth analysis of electrochemical performance,phase transition behavior,and disorder structure regulation,we provide comprehensive insights into the application prospects and optimization pathways of MEO/HEO materials in advanced SIBs.Current challenges are also discussed,offering valuable insights and perspectives to overcome the performance bottlenecks of SIBs and facilitate their large-scale deployment.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22109010)Beijing Nova Program,Chongqing Outstanding Youth Fund(Grant No.2022NSCQ-JQX3895)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2902905).
摘要Ni-rich cathode materials,exemplified by LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2(NCM),have significantly propelled Li-ion battery(LIB)technology forward owing to their high energy density.However,the long-term storage stability of these materials remains a critical challenge that must be addressed.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the storage failure mechanisms in both polycrystalline(PC-NCM)and single crystal(SC-NCM)forms,a topic that has been seldom reviewed.It delves into the microstructural changes and performance degradation that occur during storage,emphasizing the effects of environmental factors on NCM materials,including the formation of surface impurities and structural deterioration.Additionally,the review discusses various enhancement strategies,such as surface coatings,doping,and gas treatments,which are designed to improve storage stability.Furthermore,the review projects insights from current polycrystalline studies to suggest future research directions aimed at enhancing the air stability of SC-NCM,which is vital for improving the safety and durability of LIBs.
基金supported by National Key Technology Support Program (No. 2013BAA01B00)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51361130152, No. 51577028)
摘要With the gradually widely usage of the air conditioning(AC) loads in developing countries, the urban power grid load has swiftly increased over the past decade.Especially in China, the AC load has accounted for over30% of the maximum load in many cities during summer.This paper proposes a scheme of constructing a virtual peaking unit(VPU) by public buildings’ cool storage central AC(CSCAC) systems and non-CSCAC(NCSCAC)systems for the day-ahead power network dispatching(DAPND). Considering the accumulation effect of different meteorological parameters, a short term load forecasting method of public building’s central AC(CAC) baseline load is firstly discussed. Then, a second-order equivalent thermal parameters model is established for the public building’s CAC load. Moreover, the novel load reduction control strategies for the public building’s CSCAC system and the public building’s NCSCAC system are respectively presented. Furthermore, based on the multiple-rank control strategy, the model of the DAPND with the participation of a VPU is set up. The VPU is composed of large-scale regulated public building’s CAC loads. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, results of a sample study on a region in Nanjing which involves 22 public buildings’ CAC loads are described in this paper. Simulated results show that, by adopting the proposed DAPND scheme, the power network peak load in the region obviously decreases with a small enough deviation between the regulated load value and the dispatching instruction of the VPU. The total electricity-saving amount accounts for7.78% of total electricity consumption of the VPU before regulation.
基金This work was supported by the State Grid Corporation of China project“Research on Optimal Modeling and Fast Solution Technology of Inter-provincial Medium and Long Term Transactions Supporting Clearing with Inter-period Coupling”(No.5100-202255381A-2-0-ZN).
摘要The inter-regional electricity market is instrumen-tal in enhancing the economic efficiency,reliability,and integra-tion of renewable generation within interconnected power sys-tems.As the market boundary expands,the complexity and so-lution difficulties of market clearing increase rapidly.The pres-ence of hybrid alternating current(AC)/direct current(DC)in-terconnector networks further compounds challenges in model-ing trading paths and transmission tariffs.To address these is-sues,this paper proposes a path-aware_market-clearing(PAMC)model tailored for the inter-regional electricity market,which accommodates the hybrid AC/DC interconnector net-work.A variable aggregation strategy is proposed to reduce the problem scale while ensuring equivalent optimality.In addition,a novel redundancy elimination method is developed to expedite the solution of the market-clearing problem.This framework utilizes envelope approximations of residual demand curves to identify bidding blocks that will not affect the marginal price.Corresponding decision variables are then constrained to their bounds to remove redundant information.Comprehensive case studies across different power system scales validate the superi-ority of the proposed PAMC model in improving social welfare,and verify the effectiveness of the proposed redundancy elimina-tion method in accelerating the solution of the market-clearing problem.