The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose sig...The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose significant challenges to determining process parameters.In this study,burnt coal cinder(BCC),granite powder(GP),and high-calcium fly ash(Class-C FA)were used as raw materials,and the response surface methodology(RSM)and single-factor experiments were applied to optimize the process parameters for geopolymer preparation.The optimized precursor powder composition was determined to be a mass ratio of 1.6:0.9:7.3 for BCC,GP,and Class-C FA.The NaOH-precursor powder ratio and liquid-solid ratio were adjusted to 0.084 and 0.222,respectively.The curing condition was set at 80℃ for 24 h.The resulting 28 d-aged multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer exhibited a high compressive strength of61.34 MPa.The microstructure,mineral phase,and atomic bonding of geopolymers were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal analysis(TA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).Findings indicate that the compressive strength of geopolymer is most significantly influenced by the Class-C FA,followed by BCC.Furthermore,a minor addition of GP can optimize the structural density of the geopolymer.The Ca present in the Class-C FA participates in the geopolymerization,forming a hybrid N-(C)-A-S-H gel.RSM optimization facilitates the synergistic utilization of multi-solid wastes,ensuring an even distribution of gel and filler.This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the preparation parameters of multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer and its subsequent applications;it holds significant scientific implications for the circular economy,resource transformation,and environmental conservation.展开更多
Background:The type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)pharmacodynamic study of various parts of Schisandra sphenanthera was conducted in the previous stage,and it was found that dichloromethane extracted part(SDP)had a signifi...Background:The type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)pharmacodynamic study of various parts of Schisandra sphenanthera was conducted in the previous stage,and it was found that dichloromethane extracted part(SDP)had a significant hypoglycemic effect.Therefore,the components of SDP were analyzed,and the specific mechanism of its anti-T2DM was explored.Methods:We used a high-fat,high-sugar diet in combination with streptozotocin to induce a T2DM rat model,and the model rats were divided into two groups according to body weight and blood glucose.Triglyceride,oral glucose tolerance test,fasting blood glucose,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,superoxide dismutase,insulin,glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,nonesterified free fatty acids,alanine aminotransferase,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,aspartate aminotransferase,malondialdehyde,and glutathione peroxidase were measured,organ indices were calculated,and pathological sections of pancreas and liver were observed.The 16S rRNA V3–V4 region of intestinal flora was sequenced to explore the effect of SDP on biochemical indicators and intestinal flora.Based on the above indicators,the anti-T2DM mechanism of SDP in Schisandra sphenanthera was analyzed.Results:After six weeks of administration,the biochemical indices of diabetic rats were diminished compared to the control group.And SDP could significantly increase the gut microbialα-diversity index,resulting in significant changes in the flora of T2DM rats,with increased richness and diversity,reduced harmful flora,and significantly back-regulated the levels of acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric acid.Conclusion:SDP can improve the symptoms associated with elevated blood glucose,dyslipidemia,elevated fasting insulin levels,and damaged glucose tolerance in rats.SDP against T2DM may be through the control of intestinal flora to normalize and exert anti-diabetic effect;its main active components may be lignans and terpenoids.展开更多
As key players in humoral immunity,B cells play diverse roles in immune responses and disease development.Although early studies focused on the hallmark features of antibody production in B cells,increasing evidence h...As key players in humoral immunity,B cells play diverse roles in immune responses and disease development.Although early studies focused on the hallmark features of antibody production in B cells,increasing evidence has demonstrated the effector functions of cytokine secretion and antigen presentation by B cells in the development of various human diseases.Recent studies on the interactions of immune cells and nerve systems through neurotransmitters,including acetylcholine(ACh),have revealed novel functions of B cells in immune regulation and tissue homeostasis.Two newly published studies in Nature Immunology and Immunity demonstrated that B cells produce ACh to modulate antiviral inflammatory responses and liver regeneration after injury[1,2].These pivotal findings suggest the existence of a new functional subset of ACh-producing B cells,termed“cholinergic B cells”,which are characterized by their ability to synthesize ACh via high expression of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT).Cholinergic B cells span both innate B1 and conventional B2 cells and play a unique role in bridging neuroimmune crosstalk.Thus,elucidation of the functional features of cholinergic B cells will open new avenues for therapeutic intervention in acute inflammatory and regenerative disorders.展开更多
Recent studies have demonstrated a central role for plasma cells in the development of autoimmune diseases,such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Currently,both the phenotypic features and functional regulation of ...Recent studies have demonstrated a central role for plasma cells in the development of autoimmune diseases,such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Currently,both the phenotypic features and functional regulation of autoreactive plasma cells during SLE pathogenesis remain largely unclear.In this study,we first found that a major subset of IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells potently produced anti-dsDNA IgG upon IL-17A(IL-17)stimulation in SLE patients and lupus mice.Using a humanized lupus mouse model,we showed that the transfer of Th17 cell-depleted PBMCs from lupus patients resulted in a significantly reduced plasma cell response and attenuated renal damage in recipient mice compared to the transfer of total SLE PBMCs.Moreover,long-term BrdU incorporation in lupus mice detected highly enriched long-lived BrdU+subsets among IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells.Lupus mice deficient in IL-17 or IL-17 receptor C(IL-17RC)exhibited a diminished plasma cell response and reduced autoantibody production with attenuated renal damage,while the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells triggered the plasma cell response and renal damage in IL-17-deficient lupus mice.In reconstituted chimeric mice,IL-17RC deficiency resulted in severely impaired plasma cell generation but showed no obvious effect on germinal center B cells.Further mechanistic studies revealed that IL-17 significantly promoted plasma cell survival via p38-mediated Bcl-xL transcript stabilization.Together,our findings identified a novel function of IL-17 in enhancing plasma cell survival for autoantibody production in lupus pathogenesis,which may provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SLE.展开更多
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)comprise heterogeneous myeloid cell populations with immunosuppressive capacity that contribute to immune regulation and tolerance induction.We previously reported impaired MDSC ...Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)comprise heterogeneous myeloid cell populations with immunosuppressive capacity that contribute to immune regulation and tolerance induction.We previously reported impaired MDSC function in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome(pSS)and mice with experimental SS(ESS).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying MDSC dysfunction remain largely unclear.In this study,we first found that aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)was highly expressed by human and murine polymorphonuclear MDSCs(PMN-MDSCs).Indole-3-propionic acid(IPA),a natural AhR ligand produced from dietary tryptophan,significantly promoted PMN-MDSC differentiation and suppressive function on CD4+T cells.In contrast,feeding a tryptophan-free diet resulted in a decreased PMN-MDSC response,a phenotype that could be reversed by IPA supplementation.The functional importance of PMN-MDSCs was demonstrated in ESS mice by using a cell-depletion approach.Notably,AhR expression was reduced in PMN-MDSCs during ESS development,while AhR antagonism resulted in exacerbated ESS pathology and dysregulated T effector cells,which could be phenocopied by a tryptophan-free diet.Interferon regulatory factor 4(IRF4),a repressive transcription factor,was upregulated in PMN-MDSCs during ESS progression.Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that IRF4 could bind to the promoter region of AhR,while IRF4 deficiency markedly enhanced AhR-mediated PMN-MDSC responses.Furthermore,dietary supplementation with IPA markedly ameliorated salivary glandular pathology in ESS mice with restored MDSC immunosuppressive function.Together,our results identify a novel function of AhR in modulating the PMN-MDSC response and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting AhR for the treatment of pSS.展开更多
The chemistry of organoazides with metal complexes is ubiquitous in synthesis and catalysis.While many transition metal organoazide complexes have been isolated as key reaction intermediates,f-block metal organoazide ...The chemistry of organoazides with metal complexes is ubiquitous in synthesis and catalysis.While many transition metal organoazide complexes have been isolated as key reaction intermediates,f-block metal organoazide complexes are extremely rare.Here,we report the isolation and characterization of U(Ⅴ)and U(Ⅳ)diazenylimido complexes[(AdTPBN3)U(γ-N3Ad)]0/-1(2/4),as the intermediates in the reactions of U(Ⅲ)and U(Ⅱ)precursors[(AdTPBN3)U]0/-1(1/5)with 1-adamantylazide(AdN3).Moreover,2 and 4 exhibit divergent reactivity:while 2 transforms to a U(Ⅳ)azido product(AdTPBN3)UN3(3)via C-N bond cleavage,4 converts to a U(Ⅳ)imido complex[K(18-crown-6)(THF)2][(AdTPBN3)UNAd](6)through dinitrogen extrusion.Furthermore,reactivity with other organoazides has been found to depend on the oxidation states of uranium as well as the nature of organoazides.The reactions of 1 with benzylazide,tritylazide,and trimethylstannylazide exclusively yield 3.In contrast,the reaction of 1 with trimethylsilylazide(Me3SiN3)results in a mixture of 3 and a U(Ⅴ)imido complex(AdTPBN3)UNSiMe3(8),whereas the reaction of 5 with Me3SiN3 leads to a sole U(Ⅲ)azido product[K(18-crown-6)(THF)2][(AdTPBN3)UN3](9).These results unveil unprecedented redox-switchable divergent reactivity of organoazides with metal complexes and provide new insights on uranium chemistry enabled by the tris(amido)arene framework.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.104972025RSCrc0005)the Science and Technology Project of Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum(Group)Co.,LTD,China(No.yc-whlg-2023ky-03)。
摘要The escalating production of industrial solid waste,combined with the dwindling availability of natural resources,has intensified the focus on waste recycling.However,the heterogeneity and complexity of waste pose significant challenges to determining process parameters.In this study,burnt coal cinder(BCC),granite powder(GP),and high-calcium fly ash(Class-C FA)were used as raw materials,and the response surface methodology(RSM)and single-factor experiments were applied to optimize the process parameters for geopolymer preparation.The optimized precursor powder composition was determined to be a mass ratio of 1.6:0.9:7.3 for BCC,GP,and Class-C FA.The NaOH-precursor powder ratio and liquid-solid ratio were adjusted to 0.084 and 0.222,respectively.The curing condition was set at 80℃ for 24 h.The resulting 28 d-aged multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer exhibited a high compressive strength of61.34 MPa.The microstructure,mineral phase,and atomic bonding of geopolymers were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermal analysis(TA),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDS).Findings indicate that the compressive strength of geopolymer is most significantly influenced by the Class-C FA,followed by BCC.Furthermore,a minor addition of GP can optimize the structural density of the geopolymer.The Ca present in the Class-C FA participates in the geopolymerization,forming a hybrid N-(C)-A-S-H gel.RSM optimization facilitates the synergistic utilization of multi-solid wastes,ensuring an even distribution of gel and filler.This research establishes a theoretical framework for optimizing the preparation parameters of multi-solid wastes-based geopolymer and its subsequent applications;it holds significant scientific implications for the circular economy,resource transformation,and environmental conservation.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174111)the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Sci-Tech Innovation Talent System Construction Program of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine(No.2023-CXTD-05).
摘要Background:The type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)pharmacodynamic study of various parts of Schisandra sphenanthera was conducted in the previous stage,and it was found that dichloromethane extracted part(SDP)had a significant hypoglycemic effect.Therefore,the components of SDP were analyzed,and the specific mechanism of its anti-T2DM was explored.Methods:We used a high-fat,high-sugar diet in combination with streptozotocin to induce a T2DM rat model,and the model rats were divided into two groups according to body weight and blood glucose.Triglyceride,oral glucose tolerance test,fasting blood glucose,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,superoxide dismutase,insulin,glycated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,nonesterified free fatty acids,alanine aminotransferase,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,aspartate aminotransferase,malondialdehyde,and glutathione peroxidase were measured,organ indices were calculated,and pathological sections of pancreas and liver were observed.The 16S rRNA V3–V4 region of intestinal flora was sequenced to explore the effect of SDP on biochemical indicators and intestinal flora.Based on the above indicators,the anti-T2DM mechanism of SDP in Schisandra sphenanthera was analyzed.Results:After six weeks of administration,the biochemical indices of diabetic rats were diminished compared to the control group.And SDP could significantly increase the gut microbialα-diversity index,resulting in significant changes in the flora of T2DM rats,with increased richness and diversity,reduced harmful flora,and significantly back-regulated the levels of acetic acid,propionic acid,and butyric acid.Conclusion:SDP can improve the symptoms associated with elevated blood glucose,dyslipidemia,elevated fasting insulin levels,and damaged glucose tolerance in rats.SDP against T2DM may be through the control of intestinal flora to normalize and exert anti-diabetic effect;its main active components may be lignans and terpenoids.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82471821)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(17116424,17111222,17103821)the Centre for Oncology and Immunology under the Health@InnoHK Initiative funded by the Innovation and Technology Commission,Hong Kong,China.
摘要As key players in humoral immunity,B cells play diverse roles in immune responses and disease development.Although early studies focused on the hallmark features of antibody production in B cells,increasing evidence has demonstrated the effector functions of cytokine secretion and antigen presentation by B cells in the development of various human diseases.Recent studies on the interactions of immune cells and nerve systems through neurotransmitters,including acetylcholine(ACh),have revealed novel functions of B cells in immune regulation and tissue homeostasis.Two newly published studies in Nature Immunology and Immunity demonstrated that B cells produce ACh to modulate antiviral inflammatory responses and liver regeneration after injury[1,2].These pivotal findings suggest the existence of a new functional subset of ACh-producing B cells,termed“cholinergic B cells”,which are characterized by their ability to synthesize ACh via high expression of choline acetyltransferase(ChAT).Cholinergic B cells span both innate B1 and conventional B2 cells and play a unique role in bridging neuroimmune crosstalk.Thus,elucidation of the functional features of cholinergic B cells will open new avenues for therapeutic intervention in acute inflammatory and regenerative disorders.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81771761,91842304,and 81901635)Chongqing International Institute for Immunology(2020YJC10)Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(SZSM201512019)。
摘要Recent studies have demonstrated a central role for plasma cells in the development of autoimmune diseases,such as systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Currently,both the phenotypic features and functional regulation of autoreactive plasma cells during SLE pathogenesis remain largely unclear.In this study,we first found that a major subset of IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells potently produced anti-dsDNA IgG upon IL-17A(IL-17)stimulation in SLE patients and lupus mice.Using a humanized lupus mouse model,we showed that the transfer of Th17 cell-depleted PBMCs from lupus patients resulted in a significantly reduced plasma cell response and attenuated renal damage in recipient mice compared to the transfer of total SLE PBMCs.Moreover,long-term BrdU incorporation in lupus mice detected highly enriched long-lived BrdU+subsets among IL-17 receptor-expressing plasma cells.Lupus mice deficient in IL-17 or IL-17 receptor C(IL-17RC)exhibited a diminished plasma cell response and reduced autoantibody production with attenuated renal damage,while the adoptive transfer of Th17 cells triggered the plasma cell response and renal damage in IL-17-deficient lupus mice.In reconstituted chimeric mice,IL-17RC deficiency resulted in severely impaired plasma cell generation but showed no obvious effect on germinal center B cells.Further mechanistic studies revealed that IL-17 significantly promoted plasma cell survival via p38-mediated Bcl-xL transcript stabilization.Together,our findings identified a novel function of IL-17 in enhancing plasma cell survival for autoantibody production in lupus pathogenesis,which may provide new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SLE.
基金supported by the Chongqing International Institute for Immunology (2020YJC10)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (82071817,81971542,and 82171771)+3 种基金the Hong Kong Research Grants Council General Research Fund (17113319 and 27111820)Theme-Based Research Scheme (T12-703/19 R)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (YCYJ20210324114602008)the Centre for Oncology and Immunology under the Health@InnoHK Initiative of the Innovation and Technology Commission,Hong Kong,China.
摘要Myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)comprise heterogeneous myeloid cell populations with immunosuppressive capacity that contribute to immune regulation and tolerance induction.We previously reported impaired MDSC function in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome(pSS)and mice with experimental SS(ESS).However,the molecular mechanisms underlying MDSC dysfunction remain largely unclear.In this study,we first found that aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)was highly expressed by human and murine polymorphonuclear MDSCs(PMN-MDSCs).Indole-3-propionic acid(IPA),a natural AhR ligand produced from dietary tryptophan,significantly promoted PMN-MDSC differentiation and suppressive function on CD4+T cells.In contrast,feeding a tryptophan-free diet resulted in a decreased PMN-MDSC response,a phenotype that could be reversed by IPA supplementation.The functional importance of PMN-MDSCs was demonstrated in ESS mice by using a cell-depletion approach.Notably,AhR expression was reduced in PMN-MDSCs during ESS development,while AhR antagonism resulted in exacerbated ESS pathology and dysregulated T effector cells,which could be phenocopied by a tryptophan-free diet.Interferon regulatory factor 4(IRF4),a repressive transcription factor,was upregulated in PMN-MDSCs during ESS progression.Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that IRF4 could bind to the promoter region of AhR,while IRF4 deficiency markedly enhanced AhR-mediated PMN-MDSC responses.Furthermore,dietary supplementation with IPA markedly ameliorated salivary glandular pathology in ESS mice with restored MDSC immunosuppressive function.Together,our results identify a novel function of AhR in modulating the PMN-MDSC response and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting AhR for the treatment of pSS.
基金Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Peking University for fundingsupported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22171008,22371005)Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Basic Research Cooperation Project(No.B2021202077).
摘要The chemistry of organoazides with metal complexes is ubiquitous in synthesis and catalysis.While many transition metal organoazide complexes have been isolated as key reaction intermediates,f-block metal organoazide complexes are extremely rare.Here,we report the isolation and characterization of U(Ⅴ)and U(Ⅳ)diazenylimido complexes[(AdTPBN3)U(γ-N3Ad)]0/-1(2/4),as the intermediates in the reactions of U(Ⅲ)and U(Ⅱ)precursors[(AdTPBN3)U]0/-1(1/5)with 1-adamantylazide(AdN3).Moreover,2 and 4 exhibit divergent reactivity:while 2 transforms to a U(Ⅳ)azido product(AdTPBN3)UN3(3)via C-N bond cleavage,4 converts to a U(Ⅳ)imido complex[K(18-crown-6)(THF)2][(AdTPBN3)UNAd](6)through dinitrogen extrusion.Furthermore,reactivity with other organoazides has been found to depend on the oxidation states of uranium as well as the nature of organoazides.The reactions of 1 with benzylazide,tritylazide,and trimethylstannylazide exclusively yield 3.In contrast,the reaction of 1 with trimethylsilylazide(Me3SiN3)results in a mixture of 3 and a U(Ⅴ)imido complex(AdTPBN3)UNSiMe3(8),whereas the reaction of 5 with Me3SiN3 leads to a sole U(Ⅲ)azido product[K(18-crown-6)(THF)2][(AdTPBN3)UN3](9).These results unveil unprecedented redox-switchable divergent reactivity of organoazides with metal complexes and provide new insights on uranium chemistry enabled by the tris(amido)arene framework.