Apart from the liver disruption, embryotoxicity and genotoxicity, microcystin (MC)-LR also could cause neurotoxicity. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was explored as a model to study the neurotoxicity. In the presen...Apart from the liver disruption, embryotoxicity and genotoxicity, microcystin (MC)-LR also could cause neurotoxicity. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was explored as a model to study the neurotoxicity. In the present study, we provided evidence to indicate the neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis from MC-LR exposure to C. elegans. As a result, higher concentrations of MC-LR caused significantly severe defects of chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis. The neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis from MC-LR exposure might be largely mediated by the damage on the corresponding sensory neurons (ASE, AWA, and AFD) and interneuron AIY. The expression levels ofche-1 and odr-7 were significantly decreased (P 〈 0.01) in animals exposed to MC-LR at concentrations lower than 10 μg/L, whereas the expression levels of ttx-1 and ttx-3 could be significantly (P 〈 0.01) lowered in animals even exposed to 1 μg/L of MC-LR. Moreover, both the chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl and the thermotaxis were more significantly reduced in MC-LR exposed mutants of che-1(p674), odr-7(ky4), ttx-1(p767), and ttx-3(ks5) than those in exposed wild-type N2 animals at the same concentrations.展开更多
To solve the problem of lack of water in arid areas and barren soil in the process of ecological restoration, the growth and drought resistance of Sainfoin (Onobrychis vidifolia Scop.) was studied by inoculation of ...To solve the problem of lack of water in arid areas and barren soil in the process of ecological restoration, the growth and drought resistance of Sainfoin (Onobrychis vidifolia Scop.) was studied by inoculation of AMF (arbuscular rnycorrhizal fungi), under drought stress. The results show that the inoculation of AMF can significantly improve the growth and mycorrhizal infection rate of Sainfoin and accelerate the absorption of water and nutrients by the roots compared with uninoculated plants. On the 40th day under drought stress, the relative water content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the leaves of inoculated plants increased by 7.27%, 4.21% and 2.40%, respectively, the osmotic adjustment property in plant cells was improved, the protective enzyme system was improved and membrane lipid peroxida- tion was reduced. The inoculation of AMF can slow down the damage from drought, improve the drought resistance of Sainfoin, and will be of great significance to the ecologic restoration in arid areas.展开更多
As a material with good corrosion resistance,5083 aluminum alloy has a great application prospect in marine environment.In this work,the corrosion characteristics of 5083 aluminum alloy in seawater containing phosphat...As a material with good corrosion resistance,5083 aluminum alloy has a great application prospect in marine environment.In this work,the corrosion characteristics of 5083 aluminum alloy in seawater containing phosphate were investigated with Potentiodynamic Polarization,Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS),Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Analysis (EDSA),X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Laser Confocal Microscope.The results indicated that the effects of phosphate in seawater were two-fold.Firstly,phosphate slightly accelerated the corrosion of 5083 in seawater in the early stage of corrosion.HPO_4~(2-)competed with OH~-in the adsorption process on the alloy surface,which weakened the contact between OH~-and Al~(3+)near the interface of the alloy,and inhibited the formation as well as the self-repair of the passive film,thus accelerating the activation dissolution process.Compared with the natural seawater,the charge transfer resistance of 5083 in the seawater containing phosphate decreased faster during the early stage of corrosion,and the corrosion current density icorr was higher in seawater containing phosphate.On the other hand,the addition of phosphate would not affect the cluster distribution of the second phase of 5083 in seawater,but it changed the composition of the corrosion product layer and had an obvious inhibitory effect on the local corrosion of 5083 in seawater.After 16-day exposure,shallower and more sparsely distributed pits could be observed on the derusted surface of 5083 in the seawater containing phosphate,and the pitting coefficient in the seawater containing phosphate was significantly lower than that in natural seawater.The reduction of pitting tendency could be realized mainly through two ways.First,the HPO_4~(2-)adsorbed on the surface of the passive film in the early stage of corrosion and repeled the corrosive anions such as Cl~-.Second,phosphate participated in the construction of the Ca HPO_4 precipitation film,which acted as a barrier and protection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Sci- ence Foundation of China (No. 30771113, 30870810)and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universityprovided by the Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (funded by the NIH, National Center for Foundation from Research Resource)
摘要Apart from the liver disruption, embryotoxicity and genotoxicity, microcystin (MC)-LR also could cause neurotoxicity. Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was explored as a model to study the neurotoxicity. In the present study, we provided evidence to indicate the neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis from MC-LR exposure to C. elegans. As a result, higher concentrations of MC-LR caused significantly severe defects of chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis. The neurotoxicity on chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl, and thermotaxis from MC-LR exposure might be largely mediated by the damage on the corresponding sensory neurons (ASE, AWA, and AFD) and interneuron AIY. The expression levels ofche-1 and odr-7 were significantly decreased (P 〈 0.01) in animals exposed to MC-LR at concentrations lower than 10 μg/L, whereas the expression levels of ttx-1 and ttx-3 could be significantly (P 〈 0.01) lowered in animals even exposed to 1 μg/L of MC-LR. Moreover, both the chemotaxis to NaCl and diacetyl and the thermotaxis were more significantly reduced in MC-LR exposed mutants of che-1(p674), odr-7(ky4), ttx-1(p767), and ttx-3(ks5) than those in exposed wild-type N2 animals at the same concentrations.
基金provided by the Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province (No. 20121101008), is gratefully acknowledged
摘要To solve the problem of lack of water in arid areas and barren soil in the process of ecological restoration, the growth and drought resistance of Sainfoin (Onobrychis vidifolia Scop.) was studied by inoculation of AMF (arbuscular rnycorrhizal fungi), under drought stress. The results show that the inoculation of AMF can significantly improve the growth and mycorrhizal infection rate of Sainfoin and accelerate the absorption of water and nutrients by the roots compared with uninoculated plants. On the 40th day under drought stress, the relative water content, total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the leaves of inoculated plants increased by 7.27%, 4.21% and 2.40%, respectively, the osmotic adjustment property in plant cells was improved, the protective enzyme system was improved and membrane lipid peroxida- tion was reduced. The inoculation of AMF can slow down the damage from drought, improve the drought resistance of Sainfoin, and will be of great significance to the ecologic restoration in arid areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1706221)。
摘要As a material with good corrosion resistance,5083 aluminum alloy has a great application prospect in marine environment.In this work,the corrosion characteristics of 5083 aluminum alloy in seawater containing phosphate were investigated with Potentiodynamic Polarization,Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS),Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM),Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy Analysis (EDSA),X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Laser Confocal Microscope.The results indicated that the effects of phosphate in seawater were two-fold.Firstly,phosphate slightly accelerated the corrosion of 5083 in seawater in the early stage of corrosion.HPO_4~(2-)competed with OH~-in the adsorption process on the alloy surface,which weakened the contact between OH~-and Al~(3+)near the interface of the alloy,and inhibited the formation as well as the self-repair of the passive film,thus accelerating the activation dissolution process.Compared with the natural seawater,the charge transfer resistance of 5083 in the seawater containing phosphate decreased faster during the early stage of corrosion,and the corrosion current density icorr was higher in seawater containing phosphate.On the other hand,the addition of phosphate would not affect the cluster distribution of the second phase of 5083 in seawater,but it changed the composition of the corrosion product layer and had an obvious inhibitory effect on the local corrosion of 5083 in seawater.After 16-day exposure,shallower and more sparsely distributed pits could be observed on the derusted surface of 5083 in the seawater containing phosphate,and the pitting coefficient in the seawater containing phosphate was significantly lower than that in natural seawater.The reduction of pitting tendency could be realized mainly through two ways.First,the HPO_4~(2-)adsorbed on the surface of the passive film in the early stage of corrosion and repeled the corrosive anions such as Cl~-.Second,phosphate participated in the construction of the Ca HPO_4 precipitation film,which acted as a barrier and protection.