The accelerating development of wearable electronics encompassing flexible sensors,displays,and health monitoring systems has driven strong demand for lightweight,deformable,and high-performance energy storage technol...The accelerating development of wearable electronics encompassing flexible sensors,displays,and health monitoring systems has driven strong demand for lightweight,deformable,and high-performance energy storage technologies.With the increasing attention in these fields,flexible and wearable supercapacitors(FSCs)have gained significant attention due to their fast charge-discharge rates,excellent mechanical resilience,and longterm cycling stability.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in FSC research,focusing on both material-level engineering and device-level integration.Electrode materials,including carbonbased frameworks,transition metal-based materials,conductive polymers,and their hybrids,are critically examined,with an emphasis on structural design strategies.Fabrication techniques are discussed by dimensional configuration,including 1D fiber-shaped,2D planar,and multidimensional structures,with a focus on scalable and application-oriented processes.Furthermore,representative demonstrations in wearable,transparent,and sensor-integrated devices are explored to illustrate the practical potential of FSCs.Finally,future directions are proposed,including light and moisture stability,as well as electrolyte degradation,to realize next-generation multifunctional flexible energy storage systems.展开更多
The production of hydrogen using renewable energy sources requires efficient and stable catalysts.However,the development of such catalysts is hindered by the lack of efficient photo/electrocatalysts for the hydrogen ...The production of hydrogen using renewable energy sources requires efficient and stable catalysts.However,the development of such catalysts is hindered by the lack of efficient photo/electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),as well as an insufficient understanding of the reaction mechanisms.This review comprehensively summarizes recent progress in photo/electrochemical hydrogen production technology and fundamental knowledge of reaction mechanisms.Specifically,it discusses recent developments in carbon-based materials for water splitting,with a focus on photoelectrocatalysts.The review highlights advancements in C-doped metal oxides,carbon quantum dots(CQD),MOF/COF-derived carbon,carbon nanotubes,graphene,carbon nitride-based materials,and strategies to enhance their catalytic activity and conductivity.Furthermore,integrating carbon-based materials with semiconductors and co-catalysts is explored to optimize overall performance.We outline practical routes to improve charge transfer and stability across carbon-based photoelectrocatalysts,providing a concise roadmap toward scalable and sustainable water splitting.展开更多
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)and the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea(No.20224000000320 and No.RS-2025-07852969)supported by the KETEP grant funded by the Korea government(MOTIE)(No.RS-2024-00421291)for the Clean Hydrogen and Ammonia Innovation Research Center.
摘要The accelerating development of wearable electronics encompassing flexible sensors,displays,and health monitoring systems has driven strong demand for lightweight,deformable,and high-performance energy storage technologies.With the increasing attention in these fields,flexible and wearable supercapacitors(FSCs)have gained significant attention due to their fast charge-discharge rates,excellent mechanical resilience,and longterm cycling stability.This review presents a comprehensive analysis of recent advances in FSC research,focusing on both material-level engineering and device-level integration.Electrode materials,including carbonbased frameworks,transition metal-based materials,conductive polymers,and their hybrids,are critically examined,with an emphasis on structural design strategies.Fabrication techniques are discussed by dimensional configuration,including 1D fiber-shaped,2D planar,and multidimensional structures,with a focus on scalable and application-oriented processes.Furthermore,representative demonstrations in wearable,transparent,and sensor-integrated devices are explored to illustrate the practical potential of FSCs.Finally,future directions are proposed,including light and moisture stability,as well as electrolyte degradation,to realize next-generation multifunctional flexible energy storage systems.
基金supported by the Outsourced R&D Project of Korea Electric Power Corporation(KEPCO)(Grant number:R23XO04)supported by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)grant funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy(MOTIE),Republic of Korea,(P0025273)supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)and the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea.(No.RS-2025-07852969).
摘要The production of hydrogen using renewable energy sources requires efficient and stable catalysts.However,the development of such catalysts is hindered by the lack of efficient photo/electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and the oxygen evolution reaction(OER),as well as an insufficient understanding of the reaction mechanisms.This review comprehensively summarizes recent progress in photo/electrochemical hydrogen production technology and fundamental knowledge of reaction mechanisms.Specifically,it discusses recent developments in carbon-based materials for water splitting,with a focus on photoelectrocatalysts.The review highlights advancements in C-doped metal oxides,carbon quantum dots(CQD),MOF/COF-derived carbon,carbon nanotubes,graphene,carbon nitride-based materials,and strategies to enhance their catalytic activity and conductivity.Furthermore,integrating carbon-based materials with semiconductors and co-catalysts is explored to optimize overall performance.We outline practical routes to improve charge transfer and stability across carbon-based photoelectrocatalysts,providing a concise roadmap toward scalable and sustainable water splitting.