Efficient solar-driven photocatalytic CO2reduction requires accurate regulation of interfacial charge transfer and reaction selectivity.Insufficient adsorption of*COOH intermediate at catalytic sites leads to high ...Efficient solar-driven photocatalytic CO2reduction requires accurate regulation of interfacial charge transfer and reaction selectivity.Insufficient adsorption of*COOH intermediate at catalytic sites leads to high energy barriers in CO2reduction reactions,highlighting the importance of enhancing (*)^COOH adsorption to promote CO2conversion.In this study,a sandwich-structured interfacial Schottky junction of Sb2WO6@Ti3C2Tx was constructed via an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal process to achieve efficient and selective photocatalytic CO2reduction.The effect of the size of nest-shaped Sb2WO6 particles on triggering (*)^COOH adsorption configuration transition and improving CH4 selectivity during sandwich structure formation was systematically elucidated.Due to the difference in work functions between Sb2WO6 and Ti3C2Tx,localized electrophilic and nucleophilic regions are formed at the interface,and the resulting Schottky junction effectively suppresses the electron-hole recombination and enhances charge separation.Optimized Sb2WO6 particles induce strong orbital interactions with Ti3C2Tx layers and*COOH intermediates,while the Schottky junction promotes electron transfer from Sb2WO6@Ti3C2Tx to (*)^COOH,significantly strengthening (*)^COOH adsorption and reducing the thermodynamic barrier of CO2reduction.Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the sandwich-structured Schottky junction and the localized surface plasmon resonance of Ti3C2Tx,the optimized catalyst(SWT-2:1)achieved a CH4 yield of 29.47μmol g-1 h-1 with a selectivity of up to 91.96%under visiblelight irradiation.Density functional theory calculations further confirmed that the enhanced interfacial electron transfer facilitates CO2protonation and selective reduction to CH4 formation.This work provides insights into designing Aurivillius-type semiconductor/MXene hybrid Schottky junctions for efficient visible-light-driven CO2reduction.展开更多
Acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of pyridinemethanol with ketones is one of the most reliable methodologies to access functionalized 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives.However,it is challenging to develop environmenta...Acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of pyridinemethanol with ketones is one of the most reliable methodologies to access functionalized 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives.However,it is challenging to develop environmentally friendly catalytic systems,especially in constructing efficient and recyclable catalysts under water or solvent-free conditions.Here,we designed two novel coordination polymers Cd-CPs and Fe-CPs to investigate their catalytic performance in water.Gratifyingly,it was observed that Cd-CPs as a multifunctional catalyst was successfully applied to establish a universal pathway for direct fabrication of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives under water conditions,while it was effective for the synthesis of1,3,5-triazines through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling strategies.The features of broad substrate,high atom efficiency,and good catalyst reusability highlight the feasibility of this transformation.In additional,we demonstrated the spindle-like structures Fe-P,derived from the Fe-CPs via phosphorylation,which can be used as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction with good stability.This work provides two highly efficient non-noble metal catalysts for functionalized 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives production and oxygen evolution reaction,and opens a new avenue to further fabricate diverse metal catalysts with high catalytic performance in water.展开更多
A recurrent phenomenon is the reappearance of distress conditions on the same road section,both before and after maintenance interventions.The maintenance work essentially addresses the superficial symptoms rather tha...A recurrent phenomenon is the reappearance of distress conditions on the same road section,both before and after maintenance interventions.The maintenance work essentially addresses the superficial symptoms rather than the root causes,since the internal relationships between various forms of distress remain unclear.This study quantitatively evaluates the correlation between surface distress and internal defects based on field detection data and statistical methods,effectively complementing existing qualitative analytical method.Approximately 200 defect locations data were collected from the RIOHTrack full-scale ring road,and targeted evaluation metrics reflecting pavement performance were proposed.Then,the Ripley's K-function was employed to analyze the spatial aggregation of surface and internal cracks,and to further verify their macroscopic correlation during the spatio-temporal evolution process.Next,kernel density estimation and relative risk assessment were used to investigate the relationships between the surface distress and internal defects.Experimental results reveal that the loading position significantly affects surface distress,but exhibits no obvious correlation with hidden damage,and there is also no spatial aggregation phenomenon between them.However,for semi-rigid base asphalt pavement,internal cracks and surface cracks show a strong correlation,while demonstrating only a weak association with loading position.Finally,a sensitivity analysis was performed based on the results obtained at different distance thresholds,and r=0.5 m was designated as the optimal spatial correlation distance threshold.This threshold was then used to determine the pavement structure offering the best crack resistance performance,providing a key reference for the design and maintenance of heavy-duty highway pavements.This study provides a reference for road active maintenance and supports the transformation of maintenance strategies from passive response to active intervention.展开更多
Rare-earth doped carbon dots represent a new generation of nanomaterials,which achieve the functional modulation and property optimization of carbon dots materials.In this paper,Eu3+-doped carbon dots(Eu-CDs)were p...Rare-earth doped carbon dots represent a new generation of nanomaterials,which achieve the functional modulation and property optimization of carbon dots materials.In this paper,Eu3+-doped carbon dots(Eu-CDs)were prepared employing a one-step hydrothermal approach.The structure and properties of Eu-CDs were characterized using a transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,etc.Eu-CDs exhibit a series of distinct emission peaks at 467,595,620 and 702 nm when excited at 395 nm,respectively.An“off-on”strategy for detecting of Fe3+and ascorbic acid was established on the basis of changes in luminescence peak intensity ratios of the CDs and Eu3+,which effectively reduces the detection limit compared with single-peak detection.The I467/I595 of Eu-CDs exhibits an excellent linear association with the concentrations of Fe3+or ascorbic acid,and the limit of detections are 0.15 and 0.13μmol/L,respectively,indicating that Eu-CDs can be applied for the quantitative measurement of Fe3+and ascorbic acid,and are successfully applied in real samples.展开更多
Oral administration is associated with high patient adherence,as it is not only the route for primary site absorption of nutrients and peptide drugs but also is important for treating intestinal diseases.However,tradi...Oral administration is associated with high patient adherence,as it is not only the route for primary site absorption of nutrients and peptide drugs but also is important for treating intestinal diseases.However,traditional oral intestinal drugs are limited by drug degradation and inactivation,particularly for proteins and peptides,due to gastric acid and digestive enzymes,making it difficult to effectively deliver drugs to target sites.To address these challenges,controlled-release microencapsulated intestinal drugs(MeIDs)have been developed and have attracted attention for their ability to protect drugs from degradation by gastric acid and digestive enzymes.In this study,we systematically reviewed research articles on the preparation methods,release mechanisms,and evaluation strategies of MeIDs using Google Scholar,Web of Science,and Science Direct databases.Our findings show that the preparation of emulsions,microencapsulation methods,shell material selection,and drug properties need to be considered comprehensively for MeID development.In addition,we found that coating,microanocarriers,and absorption enhancers can be combined to enhance microcapsule performance.Beyond focusing on drug loading efficiency and microcapsule morphology,we also found that cell models,animal models,and spectroscopic analysis techniques can be used to evaluate drug biocompatibility,stability,and efficacy.Finally,the literature has shown that optimizing the preparation process can regulate drug release kinetics.For future research,we suggest that studies should focus on low-cost methods for producing monodisperse microcapsules,developing dynamic responsive shell materials,and using organ-on-a-chip technology for precise evaluation,as part of the theoretical support towards the development of microencapsulated drugs and targeted drug delivery.展开更多
Marine earthquakes are extremely dangerous.The Qiongdongnan(QDN)segment of the Continental Slope Fault Zone(CSFZ)in the northern South China Sea poses seismic risks that may trigger submarine landslides and tsunamis.H...Marine earthquakes are extremely dangerous.The Qiongdongnan(QDN)segment of the Continental Slope Fault Zone(CSFZ)in the northern South China Sea poses seismic risks that may trigger submarine landslides and tsunamis.Here,using the curvedgrid finite-difference method(CGFDM),we established a dynamic spontaneous rupture model for this region southeast of Hainan Island,China.We simulated the wave propagation and strong ground motion resulting from these earthquakes and produced seismic intensity distribution maps.The maximum magnitude achieved across all models was MW7.7.A left-lateral strike-slip fault with a dip angle of 59.5°was used in the simulations,and 26 hypocenters at various positions and depths were selected.We further investigated the seismic waves and strong ground motions generated by these events.The results indicated that the velocity structure had a significant influence on the maximum slip concentration on the fault.Additionally,under the considered initial stress conditions,the earthquake magnitudes varied with depth for certain hypocenters.We analyzed the potential risk of earthquake-induced landslides using the pseudostatic method and introduced the factor of safety(FOS).The results showed that the northern landslide area contained a large section where the FOS was less than one,indicating the increased likelihood of landslides.In addition,for hypocenters at a depth of 8 km,earthquake with the smallest magnitude can generate a significantly stronger event than one with hypocenters at depths of 10 and 12 km.Overall,this fault poses significant risk for a chain of earthquake-landslide-tsunami disasters.Our study can provide a reliable reference for the development of disaster warning systems in the region and further our understanding of seismicity along the QDN segment.展开更多
In response to the urgent demand for lightweight,magnesium(Mg)alloys have garnered considerable attention owing to their low density.Nonetheless,the intrinsic poor room-temperature formability of Mg alloys remains a m...In response to the urgent demand for lightweight,magnesium(Mg)alloys have garnered considerable attention owing to their low density.Nonetheless,the intrinsic poor room-temperature formability of Mg alloys remains a major obstacle in shaping precise complex components,necessitating the development of superplastic Mg alloys.Excellent superplasticity is usually acquired in high-alloyed Mg alloys with enhanced microstructural thermal stability facilitated by abundant optimized second-phase particles.While for cost-effective low-alloyed Mg alloys lacking particles,regulating solute segregation has emerged as a promising approach to achieve superplasticity recently.Moreover,the potential of bimodal-grained Mg alloys for superplastic deformation has been revealed,expanding the options for designing superplastic materials beyond the conventional approach of fine-grained microstructures.This study reviews significant developments in superplastic Mg alloys from the view of alloying strategies,grain structure control and deformation mechanisms,with potential implications for future research and industrial applications of superplastic Mg alloys.展开更多
Aluminum industrial solid waste represents a highly abundant yet underutilized resource.Its incorporation into asphalt pavement applications can effectively reduce the exploitation of natural resources and mitigate en...Aluminum industrial solid waste represents a highly abundant yet underutilized resource.Its incorporation into asphalt pavement applications can effectively reduce the exploitation of natural resources and mitigate environmental issues caused by waste accumulation.This paper focuses on typical solid waste resources generated by the aluminum industry,summarizing the latest research progress in their application within the asphalt pavement industry and proposing key directions for future attention.The physicochemical properties of red mud(RM),spent aluminum electrolytic cathode materials,and secondary aluminum dross(SAD)are reviewed.The effects and mechanisms of RM,spent aluminum electrolytic cathode materials,and SAD on the performance of asphalt and its mixtures are elaborated.RM significantly enhances the aging resistance of asphalt,the hightemperature rheological properties of asphalt mastic,and the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures.Spent aluminum electrolytic cathode materials require the removal of fluorides and cyanides before further application in asphalt pavement.SAD effectively improves the dynamic stability of asphalt mixtures.This review presents the first systematic summary of key scientific challenges and technical bottlenecks in the application of aluminum industrial solid waste in asphalt pavements.It clarifies that future research should prioritize waste pretreatment technologies,performance regulation mechanisms,and life cycle environmental impact assessments.These contributions provide essential theoretical foundations and technical guidance for advancing the resource utilization of aluminum industrial solid waste,holding substantial significance for promoting the development of green transportation infrastructure.展开更多
To reveal the effects of environmental and loading conditions, as well as asphalt properties on the nonlinear rheological behavior of asphalt, the large amplitude oscillation shear(LAOS) test was introduced, and the F...To reveal the effects of environmental and loading conditions, as well as asphalt properties on the nonlinear rheological behavior of asphalt, the large amplitude oscillation shear(LAOS) test was introduced, and the Fourier transform rheology, Lissajous curve method, and the LAOS fatigue test have been applied to investigate the nonlinear rheological behavior of asphalt binders. The research results indicate that a decrease in temperature, an increase in shear frequency and strain level, the introduction of polymer modifiers, and the aging effect of asphalt can significantly increase the nonlinearity of asphalt, manifested by the higher relative magnitude of the third harmonic and zero-strain nonlinear coefficient. For the two polymer modifiers selected in this study, the 4%polyurethane modifier exhibits a higher nonlinear lifting effect than the 4% styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS). The impact of long-term aging on nonlinear viscoelasticity is observably greater than that of short-term aging. The zero-strain nonlinear coefficient estimated based on the average value method can accurately characterize the nonlinear viscoelasticity of asphalt, which can serve as an effective supplement to the relative magnitude of the third harmonic. All asphalts exhibit shear thinning behavior under the test temperature of 24℃, and the decrease in test temperature, the increase in shear rate and strain level, the introduction of modifiers, and the aging effect of asphalt all exacerbate the shear thinning behavior of asphalt. In addition, the fatigue failure process of asphalt materials is accompanied by an increasing degree of nonlinearity.展开更多
Two sets of alloys,Mg-Zn-Ca-xNi(0≤x≤5),have been developed with tunable corrosion and mechanical properties,optimized for fracturing materials.High-zinc artificial aged(T6)Mg-12Zn-0.5Ca-x Ni(0≤x≤5)series,featuring...Two sets of alloys,Mg-Zn-Ca-xNi(0≤x≤5),have been developed with tunable corrosion and mechanical properties,optimized for fracturing materials.High-zinc artificial aged(T6)Mg-12Zn-0.5Ca-x Ni(0≤x≤5)series,featuring a straightforward preparation method and the potential for manufacturing large-scale components,exhibit notable corrosion rates up to 29 mg cm-2h-1at 25℃ and 643 mg cm-2h-1at 93℃.The high corrosion rate is primary due to the Ni–containing second phases,which intensify the galvanic corrosion that overwhelms their corrosion barrier effect.Low-zinc rolled Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca-x Ni(0≤x≤5)series,characterizing excellent deformability with an elongation to failure of~26%,present accelerated corrosion rates up to 34 mg cm-2h-1at 25℃ and 942 mg cm-2h-1at 93℃.The elimination of corrosion barrier effect via deformation contributes to the further increase of corrosion rate compared to the T6 series.Additionally,Mg-Zn-Ca-xNi(0≤x≤5)alloys exhibit tunable ultimate tensile strengths ranging from~190 to~237 MPa,depending on their specific composition.The adjustable corrosion rate and mechanical properties render the Mg-Zn-Ca-x Ni(0≤x≤5)alloys suitable for fracturing materials.展开更多
Nonreciprocal isolators enable unidirectional light propagation without back-reflection.Typical terahertz isolators require magnetic fields to break the time-reversal symmetry.Herein,we propose a nonmagnetic isolator ...Nonreciprocal isolators enable unidirectional light propagation without back-reflection.Typical terahertz isolators require magnetic fields to break the time-reversal symmetry.Herein,we propose a nonmagnetic isolator in the terahertz range based on nonreciprocal graphene plasmons operated in a reflection configuration.The bias voltage generates a drift current in graphene,which breaks the time-reversal symmetry and induces nonreciprocal reflection.The isolator device exhibited a high isolation exceeding 20 d B with an insertion loss of less than 3 d B.Moreover,the bandwidth wit isolation exceeding 20 d B can be broadened five times to 1.7 THz by tuning the carrier density.The indexes,including the isolation,insertion loss and bandwidth of the isolator,show a strong dependence on the drift velocity and mobility of graphene,as well as the air-gap thickness.Our study shows great potential in the burgeoning terahertz technology,where nonmagnetic and electrically tunable isolators are still lacking.展开更多
This paper investigates the secure communication between legitimate users in the presence of eavesdroppers, where the Intelligent Reflective Surface-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (IRS-UAV) and Buffer-Aided (BA) relaying tec...This paper investigates the secure communication between legitimate users in the presence of eavesdroppers, where the Intelligent Reflective Surface-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (IRS-UAV) and Buffer-Aided (BA) relaying techniques are utilized to enhance secrecy performance. By jointly optimizing the link selection strategy, the UAV position, and the reflection coefficient of the IRS, we aim to maximize the long-term average secrecy rate. Specifically, we propose a novel buffer in/out stabilization scheme based on the Lyapunov framework, which transforms the long-term average secrecy rate maximization problem into two per-slot drift-plus-penalty minimization problems with different link selection factors. The hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (PSO-AFSA) is adopted to optimize the UAV position, and the IRS reflection coefficient optimization problem is solved by iterative optimization in which auxiliary variables and standard convex optimization algorithms are introduced. Finally, the delay constraint is set to ensure the timeliness of information packets. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms the comparison schemes in terms of average secrecy rate. Specifically, the addition of BA improves the average secrecy rate by 1.37 bps/Hz, and the continued optimizations of IRS reflection coefficients and UAV positions improve the average secrecy rate by 2.46 bps/Hz and 3.75 bps/Hz, respectively.展开更多
Semiconductor moirésuperlattices provide great platforms for exploring exotic collective excitations.Optical Stark effect,a shift of the electronic transition in the presence of a light field,provides an ultrafas...Semiconductor moirésuperlattices provide great platforms for exploring exotic collective excitations.Optical Stark effect,a shift of the electronic transition in the presence of a light field,provides an ultrafast and coherent method of manipulating matter states,which,however,has not been demonstrated in moirématerials.Here,we report the valleyselective optical Stark effect of moiréexcitons in the WSe2/WS2superlattice by using transient reflection spectroscopy.Prominent valley-selective energy shifts up to 7.8 meV have been observed for moiréexcitons,corresponding to pseudomagnetic fields as large as 34 T.Our results provide a route to coherently manipulate exotic states in moirésuperlattices.展开更多
The increasing deployment of electronics in everyday life has generated great concerns regarding the effective disposal of waste from these components.Here,we focused on a facile sustainable and economical strategy to...The increasing deployment of electronics in everyday life has generated great concerns regarding the effective disposal of waste from these components.Here,we focused on a facile sustainable and economical strategy to provide ideas for this issue.This strategy relied on using appropriate mechanical treatment and sodium lignosulfonate coating to improve the dispersion and interfacial compatibility of bamboo fibers in poly(lactic acid).By optimising the particle size and concentration of sodium lignosulphonate,high value-added and green composites were prepared using sectional pressurization with a venting procedure.The treated composite displayed an ultra-smooth surface(roughness of 0.592 nm),impressive transient properties(disintegration and degradation behaviour after 30 d),and outstanding ultraviolet(UV)shielding properties(100%).These properties hold the promise of being an excellent substrate for electronic devices,especially for high-precision processing,transient electronics,and UV damage prevention.The satisfactory interfacial compatibility of the composites was confirmed by detailed characterisation regarding the related physicochemical properties.This investigation offers a sustainable approach for producing high value-added green composites from biomass and biomass-derived materials.展开更多
A novel core-shell structured Al8Mn4Y-Al2Ca phase and controllable solute-segregation are elaborately designed in dilute Mg-0.6Al-0.5Mn-0.1Ca-0.1Y alloy(wt.%),via incomplete peritectic transformation during t...A novel core-shell structured Al8Mn4Y-Al2Ca phase and controllable solute-segregation are elaborately designed in dilute Mg-0.6Al-0.5Mn-0.1Ca-0.1Y alloy(wt.%),via incomplete peritectic transformation during twin-roll casting.When soaked in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,Al2Ca shell with a low electrochemical potential prevents direct contact of noble Al8Mn4Y with Mg matrix,mitigating the micro-galvanic corrosion and meanwhile accelerating the formation of uniform corrosion film.Thereafter,solute(Al,Ca)-segregation motivates the formation of heterogeneous multilayered corrosion product films,enhancing corrosion resistance and even achieving self-healing upon long-term corrosion.Notably,the dilute Mg alloy exhibits a corrosion rate as low as 0.22±0.05 mm·y−1.展开更多
Dear Editor,Growing clinical evidence shows that brain disorders are heterogeneous in phenotype,genetics,and neuropathology[1].Diagnosis and treatment tend to be affected by symptom presentation and the heterogeneity ...Dear Editor,Growing clinical evidence shows that brain disorders are heterogeneous in phenotype,genetics,and neuropathology[1].Diagnosis and treatment tend to be affected by symptom presentation and the heterogeneity of pathology,potentially hindering clinical trials in the development of medical treatment.Brain-based subtyping studies utilize magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and data-driven methods to discover the subtypes of diseases,providing a new perspective on disease heterogeneity.展开更多
Photocatalytic overall water splitting is a promising method for producing clean hydrogen energy,but faces challenges such as low light utilization efficiency and high charge carrier recombination rates.This study dem...Photocatalytic overall water splitting is a promising method for producing clean hydrogen energy,but faces challenges such as low light utilization efficiency and high charge carrier recombination rates.This study demonstrates that dielectric Mie resonance in TiO2hollow nanoshells can enhance electric field intensity and increase light absorption through resonant energy transfer,compared to crushed TiO2nanoparticles.The Mie resonance effect was confirmed through fluorescence spectra,photo-response current measurements,photocatalytic water splitting experiments,and Mie calculation.The incident electricfield amplitude was doubled in hollow nanoshells,allowing for increased light trapping.Additionally,the spatially separated Pt and RuO2cocatalysts on the inner and outer surfaces facilitated the separation of photoinduced electrons and holes.Pt@TiO2@RuO2hollow nanoshells exhibited superior photocatalytic water splitting performance,with a stable H2generation rate of 50.1μmol g−1h−1and O2evolution rate of 25.1μmol g−1h−1,outperforming other nanostructures such as TiO2,Pt@TiO2,and TiO2@RuO2hollow nanoshells.This study suggests that dielectric Mie resonance and spatially-separated cocatalysts offer a new approach to simultaneously enhance light absorption and charge carrier transfer in photocatalysis.展开更多
A high-quality welding method,named plasma arc welding apparatus with rotating tungsten electrode(abbreviated as PAW-RT),was proposed in this paper.The rotation speed could be adjusted from 0 to 15000 r/min.The rotary...A high-quality welding method,named plasma arc welding apparatus with rotating tungsten electrode(abbreviated as PAW-RT),was proposed in this paper.The rotation speed could be adjusted from 0 to 15000 r/min.The rotary motion of the tungsten needle trans-ferred circumferential momentum to the arc as well as the molten pool,thereby conferring the latter with rotating fluid flow charac-teristics.The influences of tungsten electrode rotation speed on PAW arc morphology,weld formation and interfacial microstructure of the final weld joints were discussed by the experimental procedures involving in-situ ablation,surfacing and butt welding.The ex-periments were conducted on Q235B steel.The results indicated that the increase of tungsten electrode rotation speed in PAW-RT contributed to improving arc eccentricity,leading to aesthetically improved welds with more uniformity.Additionally,the strength,hardness and toughness of the welded joint increased,while porosity was reduced.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52570196)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.B250201162)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M760750)the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2025ZB649)。
摘要Efficient solar-driven photocatalytic CO2reduction requires accurate regulation of interfacial charge transfer and reaction selectivity.Insufficient adsorption of*COOH intermediate at catalytic sites leads to high energy barriers in CO2reduction reactions,highlighting the importance of enhancing (*)^COOH adsorption to promote CO2conversion.In this study,a sandwich-structured interfacial Schottky junction of Sb2WO6@Ti3C2Tx was constructed via an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal process to achieve efficient and selective photocatalytic CO2reduction.The effect of the size of nest-shaped Sb2WO6 particles on triggering (*)^COOH adsorption configuration transition and improving CH4 selectivity during sandwich structure formation was systematically elucidated.Due to the difference in work functions between Sb2WO6 and Ti3C2Tx,localized electrophilic and nucleophilic regions are formed at the interface,and the resulting Schottky junction effectively suppresses the electron-hole recombination and enhances charge separation.Optimized Sb2WO6 particles induce strong orbital interactions with Ti3C2Tx layers and*COOH intermediates,while the Schottky junction promotes electron transfer from Sb2WO6@Ti3C2Tx to (*)^COOH,significantly strengthening (*)^COOH adsorption and reducing the thermodynamic barrier of CO2reduction.Benefiting from the synergistic effects of the sandwich-structured Schottky junction and the localized surface plasmon resonance of Ti3C2Tx,the optimized catalyst(SWT-2:1)achieved a CH4 yield of 29.47μmol g-1 h-1 with a selectivity of up to 91.96%under visiblelight irradiation.Density functional theory calculations further confirmed that the enhanced interfacial electron transfer facilitates CO2protonation and selective reduction to CH4 formation.This work provides insights into designing Aurivillius-type semiconductor/MXene hybrid Schottky junctions for efficient visible-light-driven CO2reduction.
基金financial support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21861039)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX24_2530)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
摘要Acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of pyridinemethanol with ketones is one of the most reliable methodologies to access functionalized 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives.However,it is challenging to develop environmentally friendly catalytic systems,especially in constructing efficient and recyclable catalysts under water or solvent-free conditions.Here,we designed two novel coordination polymers Cd-CPs and Fe-CPs to investigate their catalytic performance in water.Gratifyingly,it was observed that Cd-CPs as a multifunctional catalyst was successfully applied to establish a universal pathway for direct fabrication of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives under water conditions,while it was effective for the synthesis of1,3,5-triazines through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling strategies.The features of broad substrate,high atom efficiency,and good catalyst reusability highlight the feasibility of this transformation.In additional,we demonstrated the spindle-like structures Fe-P,derived from the Fe-CPs via phosphorylation,which can be used as an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction with good stability.This work provides two highly efficient non-noble metal catalysts for functionalized 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives production and oxygen evolution reaction,and opens a new avenue to further fabricate diverse metal catalysts with high catalytic performance in water.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFE0216800)Project of Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan(Grant No.KJZD20230923115206014)+4 种基金the Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation Research Team Project(Grant No.TD2022E001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB2603505)support from the Research Institute of Highway Ministry of TransportEarth Products China Limited(EPC)Xiaoning Institute of Roadway Engineering.
摘要A recurrent phenomenon is the reappearance of distress conditions on the same road section,both before and after maintenance interventions.The maintenance work essentially addresses the superficial symptoms rather than the root causes,since the internal relationships between various forms of distress remain unclear.This study quantitatively evaluates the correlation between surface distress and internal defects based on field detection data and statistical methods,effectively complementing existing qualitative analytical method.Approximately 200 defect locations data were collected from the RIOHTrack full-scale ring road,and targeted evaluation metrics reflecting pavement performance were proposed.Then,the Ripley's K-function was employed to analyze the spatial aggregation of surface and internal cracks,and to further verify their macroscopic correlation during the spatio-temporal evolution process.Next,kernel density estimation and relative risk assessment were used to investigate the relationships between the surface distress and internal defects.Experimental results reveal that the loading position significantly affects surface distress,but exhibits no obvious correlation with hidden damage,and there is also no spatial aggregation phenomenon between them.However,for semi-rigid base asphalt pavement,internal cracks and surface cracks show a strong correlation,while demonstrating only a weak association with loading position.Finally,a sensitivity analysis was performed based on the results obtained at different distance thresholds,and r=0.5 m was designated as the optimal spatial correlation distance threshold.This threshold was then used to determine the pavement structure offering the best crack resistance performance,providing a key reference for the design and maintenance of heavy-duty highway pavements.This study provides a reference for road active maintenance and supports the transformation of maintenance strategies from passive response to active intervention.
基金Project supported by the Higher Education Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Province(CXY2024019)。
摘要Rare-earth doped carbon dots represent a new generation of nanomaterials,which achieve the functional modulation and property optimization of carbon dots materials.In this paper,Eu3+-doped carbon dots(Eu-CDs)were prepared employing a one-step hydrothermal approach.The structure and properties of Eu-CDs were characterized using a transmission electron microscope(TEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,etc.Eu-CDs exhibit a series of distinct emission peaks at 467,595,620 and 702 nm when excited at 395 nm,respectively.An“off-on”strategy for detecting of Fe3+and ascorbic acid was established on the basis of changes in luminescence peak intensity ratios of the CDs and Eu3+,which effectively reduces the detection limit compared with single-peak detection.The I467/I595 of Eu-CDs exhibits an excellent linear association with the concentrations of Fe3+or ascorbic acid,and the limit of detections are 0.15 and 0.13μmol/L,respectively,indicating that Eu-CDs can be applied for the quantitative measurement of Fe3+and ascorbic acid,and are successfully applied in real samples.
基金supported by the Qing Chuang Plan of the Department of Education of Shandong Province(Subtitle:Innovative Research Team of Advanced Energy Equipment),the Jinan Science and Technology Bureau(Nos.2021GXRC083 and 202333015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62371267 and 62121003)+1 种基金the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(Major Innovation Project)(No.2022CXGC020501)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZR2023QH405),China.
摘要Oral administration is associated with high patient adherence,as it is not only the route for primary site absorption of nutrients and peptide drugs but also is important for treating intestinal diseases.However,traditional oral intestinal drugs are limited by drug degradation and inactivation,particularly for proteins and peptides,due to gastric acid and digestive enzymes,making it difficult to effectively deliver drugs to target sites.To address these challenges,controlled-release microencapsulated intestinal drugs(MeIDs)have been developed and have attracted attention for their ability to protect drugs from degradation by gastric acid and digestive enzymes.In this study,we systematically reviewed research articles on the preparation methods,release mechanisms,and evaluation strategies of MeIDs using Google Scholar,Web of Science,and Science Direct databases.Our findings show that the preparation of emulsions,microencapsulation methods,shell material selection,and drug properties need to be considered comprehensively for MeID development.In addition,we found that coating,microanocarriers,and absorption enhancers can be combined to enhance microcapsule performance.Beyond focusing on drug loading efficiency and microcapsule morphology,we also found that cell models,animal models,and spectroscopic analysis techniques can be used to evaluate drug biocompatibility,stability,and efficacy.Finally,the literature has shown that optimizing the preparation process can regulate drug release kinetics.For future research,we suggest that studies should focus on low-cost methods for producing monodisperse microcapsules,developing dynamic responsive shell materials,and using organ-on-a-chip technology for precise evaluation,as part of the theoretical support towards the development of microencapsulated drugs and targeted drug delivery.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3008600)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20241202125759001)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Deep Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration Technology(Grant No.ZDSYS20190902093007855)High Level Special Funds(G03050K001).
摘要Marine earthquakes are extremely dangerous.The Qiongdongnan(QDN)segment of the Continental Slope Fault Zone(CSFZ)in the northern South China Sea poses seismic risks that may trigger submarine landslides and tsunamis.Here,using the curvedgrid finite-difference method(CGFDM),we established a dynamic spontaneous rupture model for this region southeast of Hainan Island,China.We simulated the wave propagation and strong ground motion resulting from these earthquakes and produced seismic intensity distribution maps.The maximum magnitude achieved across all models was MW7.7.A left-lateral strike-slip fault with a dip angle of 59.5°was used in the simulations,and 26 hypocenters at various positions and depths were selected.We further investigated the seismic waves and strong ground motions generated by these events.The results indicated that the velocity structure had a significant influence on the maximum slip concentration on the fault.Additionally,under the considered initial stress conditions,the earthquake magnitudes varied with depth for certain hypocenters.We analyzed the potential risk of earthquake-induced landslides using the pseudostatic method and introduced the factor of safety(FOS).The results showed that the northern landslide area contained a large section where the FOS was less than one,indicating the increased likelihood of landslides.In addition,for hypocenters at a depth of 8 km,earthquake with the smallest magnitude can generate a significantly stronger event than one with hypocenters at depths of 10 and 12 km.Overall,this fault poses significant risk for a chain of earthquake-landslide-tsunami disasters.Our study can provide a reliable reference for the development of disaster warning systems in the region and further our understanding of seismicity along the QDN segment.
基金primarily supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(under Nos.52234009 and 52271103)Partial financial support came from the Program for the Central University Youth Innovation Team(No.419021423505)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,JLU.
摘要In response to the urgent demand for lightweight,magnesium(Mg)alloys have garnered considerable attention owing to their low density.Nonetheless,the intrinsic poor room-temperature formability of Mg alloys remains a major obstacle in shaping precise complex components,necessitating the development of superplastic Mg alloys.Excellent superplasticity is usually acquired in high-alloyed Mg alloys with enhanced microstructural thermal stability facilitated by abundant optimized second-phase particles.While for cost-effective low-alloyed Mg alloys lacking particles,regulating solute segregation has emerged as a promising approach to achieve superplasticity recently.Moreover,the potential of bimodal-grained Mg alloys for superplastic deformation has been revealed,expanding the options for designing superplastic materials beyond the conventional approach of fine-grained microstructures.This study reviews significant developments in superplastic Mg alloys from the view of alloying strategies,grain structure control and deformation mechanisms,with potential implications for future research and industrial applications of superplastic Mg alloys.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52368058)Guangxi Science and Technology Program(Gui Ke AB23026067).
摘要Aluminum industrial solid waste represents a highly abundant yet underutilized resource.Its incorporation into asphalt pavement applications can effectively reduce the exploitation of natural resources and mitigate environmental issues caused by waste accumulation.This paper focuses on typical solid waste resources generated by the aluminum industry,summarizing the latest research progress in their application within the asphalt pavement industry and proposing key directions for future attention.The physicochemical properties of red mud(RM),spent aluminum electrolytic cathode materials,and secondary aluminum dross(SAD)are reviewed.The effects and mechanisms of RM,spent aluminum electrolytic cathode materials,and SAD on the performance of asphalt and its mixtures are elaborated.RM significantly enhances the aging resistance of asphalt,the hightemperature rheological properties of asphalt mastic,and the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures.Spent aluminum electrolytic cathode materials require the removal of fluorides and cyanides before further application in asphalt pavement.SAD effectively improves the dynamic stability of asphalt mixtures.This review presents the first systematic summary of key scientific challenges and technical bottlenecks in the application of aluminum industrial solid waste in asphalt pavements.It clarifies that future research should prioritize waste pretreatment technologies,performance regulation mechanisms,and life cycle environmental impact assessments.These contributions provide essential theoretical foundations and technical guidance for advancing the resource utilization of aluminum industrial solid waste,holding substantial significance for promoting the development of green transportation infrastructure.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB2603500).
摘要To reveal the effects of environmental and loading conditions, as well as asphalt properties on the nonlinear rheological behavior of asphalt, the large amplitude oscillation shear(LAOS) test was introduced, and the Fourier transform rheology, Lissajous curve method, and the LAOS fatigue test have been applied to investigate the nonlinear rheological behavior of asphalt binders. The research results indicate that a decrease in temperature, an increase in shear frequency and strain level, the introduction of polymer modifiers, and the aging effect of asphalt can significantly increase the nonlinearity of asphalt, manifested by the higher relative magnitude of the third harmonic and zero-strain nonlinear coefficient. For the two polymer modifiers selected in this study, the 4%polyurethane modifier exhibits a higher nonlinear lifting effect than the 4% styrene-butadiene-styrene(SBS). The impact of long-term aging on nonlinear viscoelasticity is observably greater than that of short-term aging. The zero-strain nonlinear coefficient estimated based on the average value method can accurately characterize the nonlinear viscoelasticity of asphalt, which can serve as an effective supplement to the relative magnitude of the third harmonic. All asphalts exhibit shear thinning behavior under the test temperature of 24℃, and the decrease in test temperature, the increase in shear rate and strain level, the introduction of modifiers, and the aging effect of asphalt all exacerbate the shear thinning behavior of asphalt. In addition, the fatigue failure process of asphalt materials is accompanied by an increasing degree of nonlinearity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFE0122000)National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52234009,52274383,52222409,and 52201113。
摘要Two sets of alloys,Mg-Zn-Ca-xNi(0≤x≤5),have been developed with tunable corrosion and mechanical properties,optimized for fracturing materials.High-zinc artificial aged(T6)Mg-12Zn-0.5Ca-x Ni(0≤x≤5)series,featuring a straightforward preparation method and the potential for manufacturing large-scale components,exhibit notable corrosion rates up to 29 mg cm-2h-1at 25℃ and 643 mg cm-2h-1at 93℃.The high corrosion rate is primary due to the Ni–containing second phases,which intensify the galvanic corrosion that overwhelms their corrosion barrier effect.Low-zinc rolled Mg-1.5Zn-0.2Ca-x Ni(0≤x≤5)series,characterizing excellent deformability with an elongation to failure of~26%,present accelerated corrosion rates up to 34 mg cm-2h-1at 25℃ and 942 mg cm-2h-1at 93℃.The elimination of corrosion barrier effect via deformation contributes to the further increase of corrosion rate compared to the T6 series.Additionally,Mg-Zn-Ca-xNi(0≤x≤5)alloys exhibit tunable ultimate tensile strengths ranging from~190 to~237 MPa,depending on their specific composition.The adjustable corrosion rate and mechanical properties render the Mg-Zn-Ca-x Ni(0≤x≤5)alloys suitable for fracturing materials.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11934011 and 12274365)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1402400 and 2022YFA1400043)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR24A040001)Open project of Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control(Ministry of Education)of Shanghai Jiao Tong University。
摘要Nonreciprocal isolators enable unidirectional light propagation without back-reflection.Typical terahertz isolators require magnetic fields to break the time-reversal symmetry.Herein,we propose a nonmagnetic isolator in the terahertz range based on nonreciprocal graphene plasmons operated in a reflection configuration.The bias voltage generates a drift current in graphene,which breaks the time-reversal symmetry and induces nonreciprocal reflection.The isolator device exhibited a high isolation exceeding 20 d B with an insertion loss of less than 3 d B.Moreover,the bandwidth wit isolation exceeding 20 d B can be broadened five times to 1.7 THz by tuning the carrier density.The indexes,including the isolation,insertion loss and bandwidth of the isolator,show a strong dependence on the drift velocity and mobility of graphene,as well as the air-gap thickness.Our study shows great potential in the burgeoning terahertz technology,where nonmagnetic and electrically tunable isolators are still lacking.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62271399,61901015,GNA22001 and GAA20024)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ24F010003).
摘要This paper investigates the secure communication between legitimate users in the presence of eavesdroppers, where the Intelligent Reflective Surface-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (IRS-UAV) and Buffer-Aided (BA) relaying techniques are utilized to enhance secrecy performance. By jointly optimizing the link selection strategy, the UAV position, and the reflection coefficient of the IRS, we aim to maximize the long-term average secrecy rate. Specifically, we propose a novel buffer in/out stabilization scheme based on the Lyapunov framework, which transforms the long-term average secrecy rate maximization problem into two per-slot drift-plus-penalty minimization problems with different link selection factors. The hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm (PSO-AFSA) is adopted to optimize the UAV position, and the IRS reflection coefficient optimization problem is solved by iterative optimization in which auxiliary variables and standard convex optimization algorithms are introduced. Finally, the delay constraint is set to ensure the timeliness of information packets. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme outperforms the comparison schemes in terms of average secrecy rate. Specifically, the addition of BA improves the average secrecy rate by 1.37 bps/Hz, and the continued optimizations of IRS reflection coefficients and UAV positions improve the average secrecy rate by 2.46 bps/Hz and 3.75 bps/Hz, respectively.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1402400 and 2022YFA1405400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11934011 and 12274365)+3 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR24A040001)Open project of Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control(Ministry of Education)of Shanghai Jiao Tong Universitysupport from the JSPS KAKENHI(Grant Nos.20H00354 and 23H02052)World Premier International Research Center Initiative(WPI),MEXT,Japan。
摘要Semiconductor moirésuperlattices provide great platforms for exploring exotic collective excitations.Optical Stark effect,a shift of the electronic transition in the presence of a light field,provides an ultrafast and coherent method of manipulating matter states,which,however,has not been demonstrated in moirématerials.Here,we report the valleyselective optical Stark effect of moiréexcitons in the WSe2/WS2superlattice by using transient reflection spectroscopy.Prominent valley-selective energy shifts up to 7.8 meV have been observed for moiréexcitons,corresponding to pseudomagnetic fields as large as 34 T.Our results provide a route to coherently manipulate exotic states in moirésuperlattices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31971741 and 31760195)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(Nos.2018FB066 and 202001AT070141)the Yunnan Agricultural Basic Research Special Projects(No.202101BD070001-086).
摘要The increasing deployment of electronics in everyday life has generated great concerns regarding the effective disposal of waste from these components.Here,we focused on a facile sustainable and economical strategy to provide ideas for this issue.This strategy relied on using appropriate mechanical treatment and sodium lignosulfonate coating to improve the dispersion and interfacial compatibility of bamboo fibers in poly(lactic acid).By optimising the particle size and concentration of sodium lignosulphonate,high value-added and green composites were prepared using sectional pressurization with a venting procedure.The treated composite displayed an ultra-smooth surface(roughness of 0.592 nm),impressive transient properties(disintegration and degradation behaviour after 30 d),and outstanding ultraviolet(UV)shielding properties(100%).These properties hold the promise of being an excellent substrate for electronic devices,especially for high-precision processing,transient electronics,and UV damage prevention.The satisfactory interfacial compatibility of the composites was confirmed by detailed characterisation regarding the related physicochemical properties.This investigation offers a sustainable approach for producing high value-added green composites from biomass and biomass-derived materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52234009 and 52274383Partial financial support came from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,JLU,Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(JLUSTIRT,2017TD-09)Program for the Central University Youth Innovation Team.
摘要A novel core-shell structured Al8Mn4Y-Al2Ca phase and controllable solute-segregation are elaborately designed in dilute Mg-0.6Al-0.5Mn-0.1Ca-0.1Y alloy(wt.%),via incomplete peritectic transformation during twin-roll casting.When soaked in 3.5 wt.%NaCl solution,Al2Ca shell with a low electrochemical potential prevents direct contact of noble Al8Mn4Y with Mg matrix,mitigating the micro-galvanic corrosion and meanwhile accelerating the formation of uniform corrosion film.Thereafter,solute(Al,Ca)-segregation motivates the formation of heterogeneous multilayered corrosion product films,enhancing corrosion resistance and even achieving self-healing upon long-term corrosion.Notably,the dilute Mg alloy exhibits a corrosion rate as low as 0.22±0.05 mm·y−1.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82102018,62333002,T2425027,and 82327809)Data collection and sharing for this project were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61633018,81571062,81471120,and 81901101)+30 种基金Data collection and sharing for this project were funded by the ADNI(National Institutes of Health Grant U01 AG024904)the Department of Defense ADNI(award number W81XWH-12-2-0012).The ADNI is funded by the National Institute on Aging,the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering,and through generous contributions from the following:AbbVie,Alzheimer’s AssociationAlzheimer’s Drug Discovery FoundationAraclon BiotechBioClinica,Inc.BiogenBristol-Myers Squibb Co.CereSpir,Inc.CogstateEisai Inc.Elan Pharmaceuticals,Inc.Eli Lilly and Co.EuroImmunF.Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and its affiliated company Genentech,Inc.FujirebioG.E.HealthcareIXICO Ltd.Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research&Development,LLC.Johnson&Johnson Pharmaceutical Research&Development LLC.LumosityLundbeckMerck&Co.,Inc.Meso Scale Diagnostics,LLC.NeuroRx ResearchNeurotrack TechnologiesNovartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.Pfizer Inc.Piramal ImagingServierTakeda Pharmaceutical Co.and Transition Therapeutics.The Canadian Institutes of Health Research provides funds to support ADNI clinical sites in Canada.Private sector contributions are facilitated by the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health(www.fnih.org).The grantee organization was the Northern California Institute for Research and Education,and the study was coordinated by the Alzheimer’s Therapeutic Research Institute at the University of Southern California.ADNI data are disseminated by the Laboratory for Neuro Imaging at the University of Southern California.
摘要Dear Editor,Growing clinical evidence shows that brain disorders are heterogeneous in phenotype,genetics,and neuropathology[1].Diagnosis and treatment tend to be affected by symptom presentation and the heterogeneity of pathology,potentially hindering clinical trials in the development of medical treatment.Brain-based subtyping studies utilize magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and data-driven methods to discover the subtypes of diseases,providing a new perspective on disease heterogeneity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51702023,62274017)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20231224)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M711138).
摘要Photocatalytic overall water splitting is a promising method for producing clean hydrogen energy,but faces challenges such as low light utilization efficiency and high charge carrier recombination rates.This study demonstrates that dielectric Mie resonance in TiO2hollow nanoshells can enhance electric field intensity and increase light absorption through resonant energy transfer,compared to crushed TiO2nanoparticles.The Mie resonance effect was confirmed through fluorescence spectra,photo-response current measurements,photocatalytic water splitting experiments,and Mie calculation.The incident electricfield amplitude was doubled in hollow nanoshells,allowing for increased light trapping.Additionally,the spatially separated Pt and RuO2cocatalysts on the inner and outer surfaces facilitated the separation of photoinduced electrons and holes.Pt@TiO2@RuO2hollow nanoshells exhibited superior photocatalytic water splitting performance,with a stable H2generation rate of 50.1μmol g−1h−1and O2evolution rate of 25.1μmol g−1h−1,outperforming other nanostructures such as TiO2,Pt@TiO2,and TiO2@RuO2hollow nanoshells.This study suggests that dielectric Mie resonance and spatially-separated cocatalysts offer a new approach to simultaneously enhance light absorption and charge carrier transfer in photocatalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B20127)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175305)Taishan Scholars Project(tstp20230618).
摘要A high-quality welding method,named plasma arc welding apparatus with rotating tungsten electrode(abbreviated as PAW-RT),was proposed in this paper.The rotation speed could be adjusted from 0 to 15000 r/min.The rotary motion of the tungsten needle trans-ferred circumferential momentum to the arc as well as the molten pool,thereby conferring the latter with rotating fluid flow charac-teristics.The influences of tungsten electrode rotation speed on PAW arc morphology,weld formation and interfacial microstructure of the final weld joints were discussed by the experimental procedures involving in-situ ablation,surfacing and butt welding.The ex-periments were conducted on Q235B steel.The results indicated that the increase of tungsten electrode rotation speed in PAW-RT contributed to improving arc eccentricity,leading to aesthetically improved welds with more uniformity.Additionally,the strength,hardness and toughness of the welded joint increased,while porosity was reduced.