The sphenopalatine ganglion(SPG)is a critical parasympathetic ganglion located beneath the maxillary nerves.Its anatomical structure and function play key roles in the regulation of cerebral blood vessels,the autonomi...The sphenopalatine ganglion(SPG)is a critical parasympathetic ganglion located beneath the maxillary nerves.Its anatomical structure and function play key roles in the regulation of cerebral blood vessels,the autonomic nervous system,and various headache-related disorders.In recent years,SPG stimulation(SPGS)has been widely applied in both invasive and acupuncture-mediated clinical practice.This paper outlines the current clinical applications of SPGS in treating conditions such as headaches,strokes,and rhinitis,and explores how innovative technologies,including ultrasound-guided techniques and singleuse sterile electrode acupuncture needles,may enhance therapeutic efficacy.The potential future development of SPGS in the field of neuromodulation is also discussed.展开更多
Research on the modeling of bolted connection structures primarily centers on the characterization of the connection interface.Accurate equivalent modeling of the connection interface is crucial for the effective mode...Research on the modeling of bolted connection structures primarily centers on the characterization of the connection interface.Accurate equivalent modeling of the connection interface is crucial for the effective modeling of bolted connection structures.This article considers the misalignment between the bolt plane and the beam plane,and establishes a modified joint element representing the bolted connection by using the seriesstiffness method.The contact stiffness in this modified joint element are identified using a genetic algorithm with an “emperor selection” strategy.The bolted connection beam model is achieved by refining the Euler-Bernoulli beam model through the incorporation of a modified joint element.The maximum error between the model calculation results and experimental results for each order of natural frequency is 2.39%.This demonstrates the feasibility of accurately characterizing the bolted connection beam through the utilization of the modified joint element for equivalent modeling.This research proposes a modeling method for bolted connection beams that accounts for the misalignment between the bolt plane and the beam plane,significantly enhancing modeling accuracy.展开更多
The adaptor protein NUMB is involved in asymmetric division and cell fate determination and recognized as an antagonist of Notch.Previous studies have proved that Notch activation in osteoblasts contributes to a high ...The adaptor protein NUMB is involved in asymmetric division and cell fate determination and recognized as an antagonist of Notch.Previous studies have proved that Notch activation in osteoblasts contributes to a high bone mass. In this study, however, an osteopenic phenotype was found in 9-week-old mice using osteoblastic specific Col1a1–2.3-Cre to ablate both Numb and its homologue Numbl. The trabecular bone mass decreased dramatically while the cortical bone mass was unaffected. Here, the Notch signal was not activated,while the tensin homologue deleted on human chromosome 10(PTEN), which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, was elevated, attenuating protein kinase B(Akt). The ubiquitination assay revealed that NUMB may physiologically promote PTEN ubiquitination in the presence of neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4–1. In addition, the deficiency of Numb/Numbl also activated the Hedgehog pathway through GLI1. This process was found to improve the ratio of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-k B ligand to osteoprotegerin, which enhanced the differentiation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. In conclusion, this study provides an insight into new functons of NUMB and NUMBL on bone homeostasis.展开更多
The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycle...The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.展开更多
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia(SAB)is among the leading causes of bacteraemia and infectious endocarditis.The frequency of infectious endocarditis(IE)among SAB patients ranges from 5%to 10%-12%.In adults...BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia(SAB)is among the leading causes of bacteraemia and infectious endocarditis.The frequency of infectious endocarditis(IE)among SAB patients ranges from 5%to 10%-12%.In adults,the characteristics of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis(EHK)include hyperkeratosis,erosions,and blisters.Patients with inflammatory skin diseases and some diseases involving the epidermis tend to exhibit a disturbed skin barrier and tend to have poor cellmediated immunity.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of SAB and infective endocarditis in a 43-year-old male who presented with fever of unknown origin and skin diseases.After genetic tests,the skin disease was diagnosed as EHK.CONCLUSION A breached skin barrier secondary to EHK,coupled with inadequate sanitation,likely provided the opportunity for bacterial seeding,leading to IE and deepseated abscess or organ abscess.EHK may be associated with skin infection and multiple risk factors for extracutaneous infections.Patients with EHK should be treated early to minimize their consequences.If patients with EHK present with prolonged fever of unknown origin,IE and organ abscesses should be ruled out,including metastatic spreads.展开更多
Background:Senescence significantly participates in shaping the pathobiological process underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Currently,the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of hydrogen sul...Background:Senescence significantly participates in shaping the pathobiological process underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Currently,the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)in COPD are not fully illustrated.Methods:Immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining was performed on human lung tissue to detect the expression levels of sirtuin 3(Sirt3),cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor(P16),and cystathionin gamma lyase(CTH).An animal COPD model including wild-type(WT)and Sirt3 knockout(KO)mice was established by exposing them to cigarette smoking(CS)for 24 weeks,with or without intraperitoneal injection of sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS,50μmol∙L−1∙kg−1)30 min prior to CS exposure.Lung function was assessed.The expression levels of P16,cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A(P21),Sirt3,manganese superoxide dismutase(SOD2),manganese acetylated superoxide dismutase(ac-SOD2),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,malondialdehyde(MDA),and glutathione(GSH),as well as the activity of SOD2 and Sirt3,were evaluated.Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were subjected to diverse cigarette smoking extract(CSE)concentrations for 48 h with or without sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS).Subsequently,the levels of total intracellular reactive oxygen species(T-ROS),mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mitoROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining positive cells,and related marker proteins and cytokines were assessed.Furthermore,the Sirt3-specific inhibitor 3-TYP and small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)of Sirt3 were used to examine the mechanisms whereby H2S inhibits oxidative stress and senescence in COPD.Results:IHC showed a significant reduction of CTH and Sirt3 protein levels in the lung tissue of COPD with smoking patients and smokers without COPD compared to non-smokers.Furthermore,the expression of the aging marker protein P16 was notably elevated in the COPD with smoking group compared to the smokers without COPD and non-smoker groups.Furthermore,our results demonstrated that exposure to CS resulted in imbalanced oxidative and cellular senescence,including elevated mitoROS,T-ROS,MDA,and ac-SOD2,along with increased proportions of SA-β-gal staining positive cells and the increased expression levels of IL-6,IL-8,P21,and P16,as well as decreased GSH levels,SOD2 and Sirt3 activities,and Sirt3 expression,which ultimately contribute to emphysema development and impaired lung function.However,pretreatment with NaHS effectively reversed these detrimental effects.Nevertheless,the protective effect of NaHS was alleviated in Sirt3 KO mice and in cellular models treated with Sirt3 siRNA and 3-TYP.Conclusion:Our study indicates that H2S inhibits oxidative stress and cellular senescence by modulating the Sirt3/SOD2 signaling pathway,therefore attenuating the emphysema and impaired lung function induced by CS.展开更多
To the Editor:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a global health challenge because of its high prevalence and associated mortality.[1]Multimorbidity is a distinguishing feature of COPD in addition to airflo...To the Editor:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a global health challenge because of its high prevalence and associated mortality.[1]Multimorbidity is a distinguishing feature of COPD in addition to airflow obstruction.Evaluation from a comorbidity perspective forms part of the comprehensive assessment of COPD.The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of comorbidities and their impact on the prognosis of patients who are hospitalized with COPD.展开更多
Most existing researches on relation extraction focus on binary flat relations like Bomln relation between a Person and a Location.But a large portion of objective facts de-scribed in natural language are complex,espe...Most existing researches on relation extraction focus on binary flat relations like Bomln relation between a Person and a Location.But a large portion of objective facts de-scribed in natural language are complex,especially in professional documents in fields such as finance and biomedicine that require precise expressions.For example,“the GDP of the United States in 2018 grew 2.9%compared with 2017”describes a growth rate relation between two other relations about the economic index,which is beyond the expressive power of binary flat relations.Thus,we propose the nested relation extraction problem and formulate it as a directed acyclic graph(DAG)structure extraction problem.Then,we propose a solution using the Iterative Neural Network which extracts relations layer by layer.The proposed solution achieves 78.98 and 97.89 FI scores on two nested relation extraction tasks,namely semantic cause-and-efFect relation extraction and formula extraction.Furthermore,we observe that nested relations are usually expressed in long sentences where entities are mentioned repetitively,which makes the annotation difficult and error-prone.Hence,we extend our model to incorporate a mention-insensitive mode that only requires annotations of relations on entity concepts(instead of exact mentions)while preserving most of its performance.Our mention-insensitive model performs better than the mention sensitive model when the random level in mention selection is higher than 0.3.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects the quality of life of nearly one-tenth of the global population.Due to irreversible airflow obstruction and progressive...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects the quality of life of nearly one-tenth of the global population.Due to irreversible airflow obstruction and progressive lung function decline,COPD is characterized by high mortality and disability rates,which imposes a huge economic burden on society.In recent years,the importance of intervention in the early stage of COPD has been recognized and the concept of early COPD has been proposed.Identifying and intervening in individuals with early COPD,some of whom have few or no symptoms,might halt or reverse the progressive decline in lung function,improve the quality of life,and better their prognosis.However,understanding of early COPD is not yet well established,and there are no unified and feasible diagnostic criteria,which complicates clinical research.In this article,we review evolution of the definition of early COPD over the past 20 years,describe the changes in awareness of this concept,and propose future research directions.展开更多
Scleroderma is an autoimmune fibrosing disorder that can be further subclassified as localized scleroderma(LSc)and systemic sclerosis(SSc).LSc is characterized by sclerotic and pigmented skin lesions,while SSc is a mo...Scleroderma is an autoimmune fibrosing disorder that can be further subclassified as localized scleroderma(LSc)and systemic sclerosis(SSc).LSc is characterized by sclerotic and pigmented skin lesions,while SSc is a more generalized disorder of the connective tissue involving a number of organs.SSc is characterized by the thickening of dermal collagen bundles,fibrosis,and vascular abnormalities in the visceral organs.[1]Despite the differences in their morphologic features and clinical presentation,these two diseases do share some characteristics including endothelial cell dysfunction,T helper 2(Th2)cell dominance during immune activation and excess fibrosis of the skin with similar pathologic findings,leading to the hypothesis that SSc and LSc share an underlying mechanism of pathogensis.Currently,multiple lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors may contribute to SSc susceptibility.展开更多
Objective Hirschsprung disease(HSCR)is one of the common neurocristopathies in children,which is associated with at least 20 genes and involves a complex regulatory mechanism.Transcriptional regulatory network(TRN)has...Objective Hirschsprung disease(HSCR)is one of the common neurocristopathies in children,which is associated with at least 20 genes and involves a complex regulatory mechanism.Transcriptional regulatory network(TRN)has been commonly reported in regulating gene expression and enteric nervous system development but remains to be investigated in HSCR.This study aimed to identify the potential TRN implicated in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of HSCR.Methods Based on three microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database,the multiMiR package was used to investigate the microRNA(miRNA)-target interactions,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses.Then,we collected transcription factors(TFs)from the TransmiR database to construct the TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and used cytoHubba to identify the key modules.Finally,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was determined and the integrated diagnostic models were established based on machine learning by the support vector machine method.Results We identified 58 hub differentially expressed microRNAs(DEMis)and 16 differentially expressed mRNAs(DEMs).The robust target genes of DEMis and DEMs mainly enriched in several GO/KEGG terms,including neurogenesis,cell-substrate adhesion,PI3K-Akt,Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase and Rho/ROCK signaling.Moreover,2 TFs(TP53and TWIST1),4 miRNAs(has-miR-107,has-miR-10b-5p,has-miR-659-3p,and has-miR-371a-5p),and 4 mRNAs(PIM3,CHUK,F2RL1,and CA1)were identified to construct the TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network.ROC analysis revealed a strong diagnostic value of the key TRN regulons(all area under the curve values were more than 0.8).Conclusion This study suggests a potential role of the TF-miRNA-mRNA network that can help enrich the connotation of HSCR pathogenesis and diagnosis and provide new horizons for treatment.展开更多
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China:2023YFC3502700Subproject under the National Key R&D Program of China:2023YFC3502702+2 种基金Technology Innovation Project of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences:CI2021A03512Haidian District Health Development Scientific Research Cultivation Plan:HP2023-50-504002Special Research Project on Enhancing the Evidence Level of Clinical Evidence in Traditional Chinese Medicine:XYZY0203-04。
摘要The sphenopalatine ganglion(SPG)is a critical parasympathetic ganglion located beneath the maxillary nerves.Its anatomical structure and function play key roles in the regulation of cerebral blood vessels,the autonomic nervous system,and various headache-related disorders.In recent years,SPG stimulation(SPGS)has been widely applied in both invasive and acupuncture-mediated clinical practice.This paper outlines the current clinical applications of SPGS in treating conditions such as headaches,strokes,and rhinitis,and explores how innovative technologies,including ultrasound-guided techniques and singleuse sterile electrode acupuncture needles,may enhance therapeutic efficacy.The potential future development of SPGS in the field of neuromodulation is also discussed.
基金Supported by Science Challenge Project of China (Grant No.TZ2018007)。
摘要Research on the modeling of bolted connection structures primarily centers on the characterization of the connection interface.Accurate equivalent modeling of the connection interface is crucial for the effective modeling of bolted connection structures.This article considers the misalignment between the bolt plane and the beam plane,and establishes a modified joint element representing the bolted connection by using the seriesstiffness method.The contact stiffness in this modified joint element are identified using a genetic algorithm with an “emperor selection” strategy.The bolted connection beam model is achieved by refining the Euler-Bernoulli beam model through the incorporation of a modified joint element.The maximum error between the model calculation results and experimental results for each order of natural frequency is 2.39%.This demonstrates the feasibility of accurately characterizing the bolted connection beam through the utilization of the modified joint element for equivalent modeling.This research proposes a modeling method for bolted connection beams that accounts for the misalignment between the bolt plane and the beam plane,significantly enhancing modeling accuracy.
基金provided by Funding of State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease (Sichuan University, SKLOD201702)the National Science Foundation for Excellent Young Scholars of China (81322013)+1 种基金the Innovation Team of Sichuan Province (2015TD0011)Start-up Funding from State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China (To Peng Liu)
摘要The adaptor protein NUMB is involved in asymmetric division and cell fate determination and recognized as an antagonist of Notch.Previous studies have proved that Notch activation in osteoblasts contributes to a high bone mass. In this study, however, an osteopenic phenotype was found in 9-week-old mice using osteoblastic specific Col1a1–2.3-Cre to ablate both Numb and its homologue Numbl. The trabecular bone mass decreased dramatically while the cortical bone mass was unaffected. Here, the Notch signal was not activated,while the tensin homologue deleted on human chromosome 10(PTEN), which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, was elevated, attenuating protein kinase B(Akt). The ubiquitination assay revealed that NUMB may physiologically promote PTEN ubiquitination in the presence of neural precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 4–1. In addition, the deficiency of Numb/Numbl also activated the Hedgehog pathway through GLI1. This process was found to improve the ratio of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-k B ligand to osteoprotegerin, which enhanced the differentiation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. In conclusion, this study provides an insight into new functons of NUMB and NUMBL on bone homeostasis.
基金The authors are grateful for support from the National Social Science Fund of China(21AJL015).
摘要The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.
摘要BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia(SAB)is among the leading causes of bacteraemia and infectious endocarditis.The frequency of infectious endocarditis(IE)among SAB patients ranges from 5%to 10%-12%.In adults,the characteristics of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis(EHK)include hyperkeratosis,erosions,and blisters.Patients with inflammatory skin diseases and some diseases involving the epidermis tend to exhibit a disturbed skin barrier and tend to have poor cellmediated immunity.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of SAB and infective endocarditis in a 43-year-old male who presented with fever of unknown origin and skin diseases.After genetic tests,the skin disease was diagnosed as EHK.CONCLUSION A breached skin barrier secondary to EHK,coupled with inadequate sanitation,likely provided the opportunity for bacterial seeding,leading to IE and deepseated abscess or organ abscess.EHK may be associated with skin infection and multiple risk factors for extracutaneous infections.Patients with EHK should be treated early to minimize their consequences.If patients with EHK present with prolonged fever of unknown origin,IE and organ abscesses should be ruled out,including metastatic spreads.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82090014)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC3401105).
摘要Background:Senescence significantly participates in shaping the pathobiological process underlying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Currently,the mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of hydrogen sulfide(H2S)in COPD are not fully illustrated.Methods:Immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining was performed on human lung tissue to detect the expression levels of sirtuin 3(Sirt3),cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor(P16),and cystathionin gamma lyase(CTH).An animal COPD model including wild-type(WT)and Sirt3 knockout(KO)mice was established by exposing them to cigarette smoking(CS)for 24 weeks,with or without intraperitoneal injection of sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS,50μmol∙L−1∙kg−1)30 min prior to CS exposure.Lung function was assessed.The expression levels of P16,cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A(P21),Sirt3,manganese superoxide dismutase(SOD2),manganese acetylated superoxide dismutase(ac-SOD2),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,malondialdehyde(MDA),and glutathione(GSH),as well as the activity of SOD2 and Sirt3,were evaluated.Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were subjected to diverse cigarette smoking extract(CSE)concentrations for 48 h with or without sodium hydrosulfide(NaHS).Subsequently,the levels of total intracellular reactive oxygen species(T-ROS),mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(mitoROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal)staining positive cells,and related marker proteins and cytokines were assessed.Furthermore,the Sirt3-specific inhibitor 3-TYP and small interfering RNAs(siRNAs)of Sirt3 were used to examine the mechanisms whereby H2S inhibits oxidative stress and senescence in COPD.Results:IHC showed a significant reduction of CTH and Sirt3 protein levels in the lung tissue of COPD with smoking patients and smokers without COPD compared to non-smokers.Furthermore,the expression of the aging marker protein P16 was notably elevated in the COPD with smoking group compared to the smokers without COPD and non-smoker groups.Furthermore,our results demonstrated that exposure to CS resulted in imbalanced oxidative and cellular senescence,including elevated mitoROS,T-ROS,MDA,and ac-SOD2,along with increased proportions of SA-β-gal staining positive cells and the increased expression levels of IL-6,IL-8,P21,and P16,as well as decreased GSH levels,SOD2 and Sirt3 activities,and Sirt3 expression,which ultimately contribute to emphysema development and impaired lung function.However,pretreatment with NaHS effectively reversed these detrimental effects.Nevertheless,the protective effect of NaHS was alleviated in Sirt3 KO mice and in cellular models treated with Sirt3 siRNA and 3-TYP.Conclusion:Our study indicates that H2S inhibits oxidative stress and cellular senescence by modulating the Sirt3/SOD2 signaling pathway,therefore attenuating the emphysema and impaired lung function induced by CS.
基金supported by the Beijing Nova Program(No.20220484157)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82090014)+1 种基金Proof of Concept Program of Zhongguancun Science City and Peking University Third Hospital(No.HDCXZHKC2021206)Clinical Cohort Construction Program of Peking University Third Hospital(No.BYSYDL2021013).
摘要To the Editor:Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a global health challenge because of its high prevalence and associated mortality.[1]Multimorbidity is a distinguishing feature of COPD in addition to airflow obstruction.Evaluation from a comorbidity perspective forms part of the comprehensive assessment of COPD.The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of comorbidities and their impact on the prognosis of patients who are hospitalized with COPD.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB1002104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U1811461)the Innovation Program of Institute of Computing Technology,CAS。
摘要Most existing researches on relation extraction focus on binary flat relations like Bomln relation between a Person and a Location.But a large portion of objective facts de-scribed in natural language are complex,especially in professional documents in fields such as finance and biomedicine that require precise expressions.For example,“the GDP of the United States in 2018 grew 2.9%compared with 2017”describes a growth rate relation between two other relations about the economic index,which is beyond the expressive power of binary flat relations.Thus,we propose the nested relation extraction problem and formulate it as a directed acyclic graph(DAG)structure extraction problem.Then,we propose a solution using the Iterative Neural Network which extracts relations layer by layer.The proposed solution achieves 78.98 and 97.89 FI scores on two nested relation extraction tasks,namely semantic cause-and-efFect relation extraction and formula extraction.Furthermore,we observe that nested relations are usually expressed in long sentences where entities are mentioned repetitively,which makes the annotation difficult and error-prone.Hence,we extend our model to incorporate a mention-insensitive mode that only requires annotations of relations on entity concepts(instead of exact mentions)while preserving most of its performance.Our mention-insensitive model performs better than the mention sensitive model when the random level in mention selection is higher than 0.3.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82090014 and 81970037)Capital Health Development Research Project(No.2020-2Z-40917)+1 种基金Dr.Curtis is supported by R01 HL144718,R01 HL144849,and U01 HL137880 from the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute,National Institutes of Healthby Merit Review awards I01 CX002377 and I01 CX001562 from the Department of Veterans Affairs.
摘要Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is a chronic inflammatory airway disease that affects the quality of life of nearly one-tenth of the global population.Due to irreversible airflow obstruction and progressive lung function decline,COPD is characterized by high mortality and disability rates,which imposes a huge economic burden on society.In recent years,the importance of intervention in the early stage of COPD has been recognized and the concept of early COPD has been proposed.Identifying and intervening in individuals with early COPD,some of whom have few or no symptoms,might halt or reverse the progressive decline in lung function,improve the quality of life,and better their prognosis.However,understanding of early COPD is not yet well established,and there are no unified and feasible diagnostic criteria,which complicates clinical research.In this article,we review evolution of the definition of early COPD over the past 20 years,describe the changes in awareness of this concept,and propose future research directions.
摘要Scleroderma is an autoimmune fibrosing disorder that can be further subclassified as localized scleroderma(LSc)and systemic sclerosis(SSc).LSc is characterized by sclerotic and pigmented skin lesions,while SSc is a more generalized disorder of the connective tissue involving a number of organs.SSc is characterized by the thickening of dermal collagen bundles,fibrosis,and vascular abnormalities in the visceral organs.[1]Despite the differences in their morphologic features and clinical presentation,these two diseases do share some characteristics including endothelial cell dysfunction,T helper 2(Th2)cell dominance during immune activation and excess fibrosis of the skin with similar pathologic findings,leading to the hypothesis that SSc and LSc share an underlying mechanism of pathogensis.Currently,multiple lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors may contribute to SSc susceptibility.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(numbers 82071692,81770513,and 82170531)Xi’an Jiaotong University(number YXJLRH2022053)the General Project of Shaanxi Science and Technology Department(number 2022SF-133/033).
摘要Objective Hirschsprung disease(HSCR)is one of the common neurocristopathies in children,which is associated with at least 20 genes and involves a complex regulatory mechanism.Transcriptional regulatory network(TRN)has been commonly reported in regulating gene expression and enteric nervous system development but remains to be investigated in HSCR.This study aimed to identify the potential TRN implicated in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of HSCR.Methods Based on three microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database,the multiMiR package was used to investigate the microRNA(miRNA)-target interactions,followed by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses.Then,we collected transcription factors(TFs)from the TransmiR database to construct the TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and used cytoHubba to identify the key modules.Finally,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was determined and the integrated diagnostic models were established based on machine learning by the support vector machine method.Results We identified 58 hub differentially expressed microRNAs(DEMis)and 16 differentially expressed mRNAs(DEMs).The robust target genes of DEMis and DEMs mainly enriched in several GO/KEGG terms,including neurogenesis,cell-substrate adhesion,PI3K-Akt,Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase and Rho/ROCK signaling.Moreover,2 TFs(TP53and TWIST1),4 miRNAs(has-miR-107,has-miR-10b-5p,has-miR-659-3p,and has-miR-371a-5p),and 4 mRNAs(PIM3,CHUK,F2RL1,and CA1)were identified to construct the TF-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network.ROC analysis revealed a strong diagnostic value of the key TRN regulons(all area under the curve values were more than 0.8).Conclusion This study suggests a potential role of the TF-miRNA-mRNA network that can help enrich the connotation of HSCR pathogenesis and diagnosis and provide new horizons for treatment.