A self-made lipase preparation from Candida sp. 99-125 was used for the production of biodiesel through enzymatic esterification of fatty acids. The crude lipase powder and fermentation broth were immobilized on a che...A self-made lipase preparation from Candida sp. 99-125 was used for the production of biodiesel through enzymatic esterification of fatty acids. The crude lipase powder and fermentation broth were immobilized on a cheap fiber cloth carrier. The conditions of lipase-catalyzed esterification between long-chain fatty acids and methanol in a solvent system were investigated in detail, including the temperature, pH value, substrate concentration, solvent, absorbent agent, enzyme dosage and purity, immobilization method, the mode of addition of substrate. The results show that reaction temperature, pH of lipase micro-environment, substrate concentration, enzyme dosage and purity affect the esterification strongly. Several new methods and enzymatic procedures for improving the enzymatic reaction involving the process cost are also discussed, such as fossil diesel fuel as reaction solvent, immobilization method, multi-step gradient addition of methanol. The esterification degree of 92.8% was obtained with oleic acid and methanol under the optimal reaction condition after 12.5 h reaction time. The half-life of the immobilized lipase preparation from crude free lipase powder for esterification was 15 days.展开更多
A new dendrobine-type alkaloid has been isolated from stems of Dendrobium nobile lindl.. Its structure has been identified on the basis of spectroscopic method.
Nowadays the organization of enterprises is facing unprecedented change enterprises, and organizational innovation has become a magic weapon to increase enterprise competitieness. This paper analyzes the existing base...Nowadays the organization of enterprises is facing unprecedented change enterprises, and organizational innovation has become a magic weapon to increase enterprise competitieness. This paper analyzes the existing base of institutional framework and suggests several forms and the development trend of institutional framework of organizational innovation at present.展开更多
Sampled-data iterative learning control (SILC) for singular systems is addressed for the first time. With the introduction of the constrained relative degree, an SILC algorithm combined with a feedback control law is ...Sampled-data iterative learning control (SILC) for singular systems is addressed for the first time. With the introduction of the constrained relative degree, an SILC algorithm combined with a feedback control law is proposed for singular systems. Convergence of the algorithm is proved in sup-norm, while the conventional convergence analysis is in λ-norm. The final tracking error uniformly converges to a small residual set whose level of magnitude depends on the system dynamics and the sampling-period. Due to inequalities to estimate the level of the existing results of SILC, convergence is guaranteed not only at the sampling instants but on the entire operation interval, so that the inter-sample behavior is guaranteed, which is more practical for real implementation.展开更多
The effect of steel corrosion on the behavior of bond between steel and the surrounding concrete was investigated. Pullout tests were carried out to demonstrate bond stress-slip response for reinforcing steel bars of ...The effect of steel corrosion on the behavior of bond between steel and the surrounding concrete was investigated. Pullout tests were carried out to demonstrate bond stress-slip response for reinforcing steel bars of a series of corrosion level. Specimens either confined or unconfined were investigated for evaluation of the effect of confinement on bond strength and failure mode. Also, the tests were analyzed using nonlinear finite element analysis. It was shown that for both confined and unconfined steel bars, bond strength generally decreases as the corrosion level increases when corrosion level is relatively high. Confinement was demonstrated to provide excellent means to conteract bond loss for corroded reinforcing steel bars. It was shown that unconfined specimens generally split at a small slip with a large crack width and result in splitting failure while confined specimens contribute to a small crack width and generally cause a pullout failure. The analysis results agree reasonably well with the experiments.展开更多
A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently so...A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently solved by the modified incomplete LU decomposition conjugate gradient scheme ( MILU-CG). The effects of surface suction or blowing' s position and strength on the vortex structures in the cylinder wake, as well as on the drag and lift forces at Reynoldes number Re = 100 were investigated numerically. The results show that the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder or the blowing on the rear of the cylinder can effeciently suppress the asymmetry of the vortex wake in the transverse direction and greatly reduce the lift force; the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder, when its strength is properly chosen, can reduce the drag force significantly, too.展开更多
A method of analyzing random response of linear viscoelastic systems under random excitation has been presented. The covariance matrices of random responses of a single-degree-freedom linear viscoelastic system subjec...A method of analyzing random response of linear viscoelastic systems under random excitation has been presented. The covariance matrices of random responses of a single-degree-freedom linear viscoelastic system subjected to stationary white noise and filtered white noise excitations have been obtained in closed form. For illustration, a numerical example has been included. It is observed that viscoelasticity has damping effect on the mean square random responses of the system, the higher is viscoelastic behavior, the higher the damping effect.展开更多
This study deals with complexity, frequency spectrum and velocity model of the crust-mantle transitional zone in different tectonic units along the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau, based on PmP waveform dat...This study deals with complexity, frequency spectrum and velocity model of the crust-mantle transitional zone in different tectonic units along the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau, based on PmP waveform data from two deep seismic sounding profiles passing through the area. It reveals that Moho has stable tectonic features in Ordos and Lingzhong basins, where crust and mantle are coupled as first-order discontinuity. Moho shows obvious signs of activity in Haiyuan seismic region and in the contact zone between Bayanhar block and Qaidam block. Crust and mantle in these two areas are coupled as complicated crust-mantle transitional zone consisting of multiple laminae with alternate high and low velocities, totaling 20 km in thickness. The difference between Moho of different tectonic units reflects heterogeneity of the coupled crust-mantle zone; the difference between fine structures of Haiyuan seismic region and Maqin fault zone reflects different deep material composition of the two continent-continent collision zones and the interaction between blocks.展开更多
The Lie symmetries and the conserved quantities of the second-order nonholonomic mechanical system are studied. Firstly, by using the invariance of the differential equation of motion under the infinitesimal tran, for...The Lie symmetries and the conserved quantities of the second-order nonholonomic mechanical system are studied. Firstly, by using the invariance of the differential equation of motion under the infinitesimal tran, formations, the determining equations and the restriction equations of the Lie symmetries of the system are established, and the structure equation and the conservative quantities of the Lie symmetries are obtained. Secondly, the inverse problems of the Lie symmetries are studied. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.展开更多
This paper proposes a novel approach for image lossless compression based on fuzzy logic and adaptive prediction. By a flexible strategy, the method can acquire a set of original predictors describing the more detail ...This paper proposes a novel approach for image lossless compression based on fuzzy logic and adaptive prediction. By a flexible strategy, the method can acquire a set of original predictors describing the more detail characteristic. Using a neural network, the proposed method can more efficiently organize the training of original predictors and implement adaptive prediction in fuzzy style. In entropy coding phase, the context-based conditional adaptive arithmetic encoding is adopted. The experiments demonstrate the characteristics make the approach achieve good tradeoff between computational complexity and efficiency of prediction and good performance for lossless compression.展开更多
More and more out of core problems that involve solving large amounts of data are researched by scientists. The computational grid provides a wide and scalable environment for those large scale computations. A new met...More and more out of core problems that involve solving large amounts of data are researched by scientists. The computational grid provides a wide and scalable environment for those large scale computations. A new method supporting out of core computations on grids is presented in this paper. The framework and the data storage strategy are described, based on which an easy and efficient out of core programming interface is provided for the programmers.展开更多
A computer-aided design system, which is base on the knowledge of draping and frame-producer methods, is put forward. All kinds of knowledge applied here are abstracted from fashion design, where a complicate object i...A computer-aided design system, which is base on the knowledge of draping and frame-producer methods, is put forward. All kinds of knowledge applied here are abstracted from fashion design, where a complicate object is divided into several simple parts according to the body parts. And then a mathematical model of the display for real fashion illustration is elucidated.展开更多
The nonlinear and transient vibration of a rotor, which dropped onto back-up bearings when its active magnetic bearings were out of order, was investigated. After strictly deriving its equations of motion and performi...The nonlinear and transient vibration of a rotor, which dropped onto back-up bearings when its active magnetic bearings were out of order, was investigated. After strictly deriving its equations of motion and performing numerical simulations, the time-histories of rotating speed of the dropping rotor, and normal force at the rubbing contact point as well as the frequency spectrum of the vibration displacement of back-up bearings are fully analyzed. It is found that the strong and unsteady forced bending vibration of the unbalanced and, damped rotor decelerating through : its first. bending vibtation of the unbalanced and, damped rotor decelerating through its,first critical speed as well as chattering at high frequencies caused by the nonlinearity at the rubbing contact point between, the journal and back-up bearings may lead to the catastrophic damage. of the system.展开更多
The conservation law of nonholonomic system of second-order non-Chataev's type in event space is studied The Jourdain's principle in event space is presented. The invariant condition of the Jourdain's prin...The conservation law of nonholonomic system of second-order non-Chataev's type in event space is studied The Jourdain's principle in event space is presented. The invariant condition of the Jourdain's principle under infinitesimal transformation is given by introducing Jourdain's generators in event space. Then the conservation law of the system in event space is obtained under certain conditions. Finally a calculating example is given.展开更多
Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by intravenous injection of pituitrin, and electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at the Heart and Lung Meridians (HM and LM), 3 points on each meridian. The changes in the left ... Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by intravenous injection of pituitrin, and electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at the Heart and Lung Meridians (HM and LM), 3 points on each meridian. The changes in the left intraventricular pressure (LVP), the maximum rise rate of intraventricular pressure (LVP dp/dtmax), the area of cardiac force loop (ACFL), and the maximum shortening velocity of myocardial contractile element (Vmax) were observed. As a result, there were significant differences in the improvement of LVP, LVP dp/dtmax, ACFL and Vmax between EA at HM and LM. The regulatory action of EA at HM on the myocardial contractile function was significantly better than that of EA at LM, indicating that HM has a close relationship with the myocardial contractile function.……展开更多
Superconducting TF and PF coils have been measured in SULTAN test facility. Segregated copper strands are included in four NbTi CICC and this is a technical innovation. Two AC losses measurement methods, calorimetric ...Superconducting TF and PF coils have been measured in SULTAN test facility. Segregated copper strands are included in four NbTi CICC and this is a technical innovation. Two AC losses measurement methods, calorimetric and electromagnetic methods, have been used in the experiments, and a broad frequency range (from 0.05 Hz to 6 Hz) is covered in sample test. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate AC losses of TF and PF CICC conductor including segregated copper and to check the design of PF and TF CICC coated with different resistive barriers (Pb-30Sn-2Sb and Ni plating on NbTi strands).展开更多
String matching algorithms play an important role in computer science. However, there is no uniform mathematical model to describe these algorithms. Thus, read-head-Skippable DFA (SDFA) is put forward, which is an ext...String matching algorithms play an important role in computer science. However, there is no uniform mathematical model to describe these algorithms. Thus, read-head-Skippable DFA (SDFA) is put forward, which is an extension of two-way DFA. It is proved that SDFA is equivalent to DFA. Furthermore, SDFA is a more natural mathematical model for string matching algorithms. After that, four types of the movement of the read head of string matching are analyzed and modeled by SDFA. Finally, the SDFA model of BMA string matching algorithms is given.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20176020) and 863 Hi-Technology Research and Deve-lopment Program of China (No. 2002AA514030)
摘要A self-made lipase preparation from Candida sp. 99-125 was used for the production of biodiesel through enzymatic esterification of fatty acids. The crude lipase powder and fermentation broth were immobilized on a cheap fiber cloth carrier. The conditions of lipase-catalyzed esterification between long-chain fatty acids and methanol in a solvent system were investigated in detail, including the temperature, pH value, substrate concentration, solvent, absorbent agent, enzyme dosage and purity, immobilization method, the mode of addition of substrate. The results show that reaction temperature, pH of lipase micro-environment, substrate concentration, enzyme dosage and purity affect the esterification strongly. Several new methods and enzymatic procedures for improving the enzymatic reaction involving the process cost are also discussed, such as fossil diesel fuel as reaction solvent, immobilization method, multi-step gradient addition of methanol. The esterification degree of 92.8% was obtained with oleic acid and methanol under the optimal reaction condition after 12.5 h reaction time. The half-life of the immobilized lipase preparation from crude free lipase powder for esterification was 15 days.
摘要A new dendrobine-type alkaloid has been isolated from stems of Dendrobium nobile lindl.. Its structure has been identified on the basis of spectroscopic method.
摘要Nowadays the organization of enterprises is facing unprecedented change enterprises, and organizational innovation has become a magic weapon to increase enterprise competitieness. This paper analyzes the existing base of institutional framework and suggests several forms and the development trend of institutional framework of organizational innovation at present.
摘要Sampled-data iterative learning control (SILC) for singular systems is addressed for the first time. With the introduction of the constrained relative degree, an SILC algorithm combined with a feedback control law is proposed for singular systems. Convergence of the algorithm is proved in sup-norm, while the conventional convergence analysis is in λ-norm. The final tracking error uniformly converges to a small residual set whose level of magnitude depends on the system dynamics and the sampling-period. Due to inequalities to estimate the level of the existing results of SILC, convergence is guaranteed not only at the sampling instants but on the entire operation interval, so that the inter-sample behavior is guaranteed, which is more practical for real implementation.
摘要The effect of steel corrosion on the behavior of bond between steel and the surrounding concrete was investigated. Pullout tests were carried out to demonstrate bond stress-slip response for reinforcing steel bars of a series of corrosion level. Specimens either confined or unconfined were investigated for evaluation of the effect of confinement on bond strength and failure mode. Also, the tests were analyzed using nonlinear finite element analysis. It was shown that for both confined and unconfined steel bars, bond strength generally decreases as the corrosion level increases when corrosion level is relatively high. Confinement was demonstrated to provide excellent means to conteract bond loss for corroded reinforcing steel bars. It was shown that unconfined specimens generally split at a small slip with a large crack width and result in splitting failure while confined specimens contribute to a small crack width and generally cause a pullout failure. The analysis results agree reasonably well with the experiments.
基金Foundation item:the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK97056109)
摘要A vorticity-velocity method was used to study the incompressible viscous fluid flow around a circular cylinder with surface suction or blowing. The resulted high order implicit difference equations were effeciently solved by the modified incomplete LU decomposition conjugate gradient scheme ( MILU-CG). The effects of surface suction or blowing' s position and strength on the vortex structures in the cylinder wake, as well as on the drag and lift forces at Reynoldes number Re = 100 were investigated numerically. The results show that the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder or the blowing on the rear of the cylinder can effeciently suppress the asymmetry of the vortex wake in the transverse direction and greatly reduce the lift force; the suction on the shoulder of the cylinder, when its strength is properly chosen, can reduce the drag force significantly, too.
摘要A method of analyzing random response of linear viscoelastic systems under random excitation has been presented. The covariance matrices of random responses of a single-degree-freedom linear viscoelastic system subjected to stationary white noise and filtered white noise excitations have been obtained in closed form. For illustration, a numerical example has been included. It is observed that viscoelasticity has damping effect on the mean square random responses of the system, the higher is viscoelastic behavior, the higher the damping effect.
基金Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation (102025, 104027).Contribution No. RCEG200210, Geophysical Exploration Center, China Earthquake Administration.
摘要This study deals with complexity, frequency spectrum and velocity model of the crust-mantle transitional zone in different tectonic units along the northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang plateau, based on PmP waveform data from two deep seismic sounding profiles passing through the area. It reveals that Moho has stable tectonic features in Ordos and Lingzhong basins, where crust and mantle are coupled as first-order discontinuity. Moho shows obvious signs of activity in Haiyuan seismic region and in the contact zone between Bayanhar block and Qaidam block. Crust and mantle in these two areas are coupled as complicated crust-mantle transitional zone consisting of multiple laminae with alternate high and low velocities, totaling 20 km in thickness. The difference between Moho of different tectonic units reflects heterogeneity of the coupled crust-mantle zone; the difference between fine structures of Haiyuan seismic region and Maqin fault zone reflects different deep material composition of the two continent-continent collision zones and the interaction between blocks.
摘要The Lie symmetries and the conserved quantities of the second-order nonholonomic mechanical system are studied. Firstly, by using the invariance of the differential equation of motion under the infinitesimal tran, formations, the determining equations and the restriction equations of the Lie symmetries of the system are established, and the structure equation and the conservative quantities of the Lie symmetries are obtained. Secondly, the inverse problems of the Lie symmetries are studied. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the application of the result.
摘要This paper proposes a novel approach for image lossless compression based on fuzzy logic and adaptive prediction. By a flexible strategy, the method can acquire a set of original predictors describing the more detail characteristic. Using a neural network, the proposed method can more efficiently organize the training of original predictors and implement adaptive prediction in fuzzy style. In entropy coding phase, the context-based conditional adaptive arithmetic encoding is adopted. The experiments demonstrate the characteristics make the approach achieve good tradeoff between computational complexity and efficiency of prediction and good performance for lossless compression.
摘要More and more out of core problems that involve solving large amounts of data are researched by scientists. The computational grid provides a wide and scalable environment for those large scale computations. A new method supporting out of core computations on grids is presented in this paper. The framework and the data storage strategy are described, based on which an easy and efficient out of core programming interface is provided for the programmers.
摘要A computer-aided design system, which is base on the knowledge of draping and frame-producer methods, is put forward. All kinds of knowledge applied here are abstracted from fashion design, where a complicate object is divided into several simple parts according to the body parts. And then a mathematical model of the display for real fashion illustration is elucidated.
摘要The nonlinear and transient vibration of a rotor, which dropped onto back-up bearings when its active magnetic bearings were out of order, was investigated. After strictly deriving its equations of motion and performing numerical simulations, the time-histories of rotating speed of the dropping rotor, and normal force at the rubbing contact point as well as the frequency spectrum of the vibration displacement of back-up bearings are fully analyzed. It is found that the strong and unsteady forced bending vibration of the unbalanced and, damped rotor decelerating through : its first. bending vibtation of the unbalanced and, damped rotor decelerating through its,first critical speed as well as chattering at high frequencies caused by the nonlinearity at the rubbing contact point between, the journal and back-up bearings may lead to the catastrophic damage. of the system.
摘要The conservation law of nonholonomic system of second-order non-Chataev's type in event space is studied The Jourdain's principle in event space is presented. The invariant condition of the Jourdain's principle under infinitesimal transformation is given by introducing Jourdain's generators in event space. Then the conservation law of the system in event space is obtained under certain conditions. Finally a calculating example is given.
摘要 Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by intravenous injection of pituitrin, and electroacupuncture (EA) was applied at the Heart and Lung Meridians (HM and LM), 3 points on each meridian. The changes in the left intraventricular pressure (LVP), the maximum rise rate of intraventricular pressure (LVP dp/dtmax), the area of cardiac force loop (ACFL), and the maximum shortening velocity of myocardial contractile element (Vmax) were observed. As a result, there were significant differences in the improvement of LVP, LVP dp/dtmax, ACFL and Vmax between EA at HM and LM. The regulatory action of EA at HM on the myocardial contractile function was significantly better than that of EA at LM, indicating that HM has a close relationship with the myocardial contractile function.……
摘要Superconducting TF and PF coils have been measured in SULTAN test facility. Segregated copper strands are included in four NbTi CICC and this is a technical innovation. Two AC losses measurement methods, calorimetric and electromagnetic methods, have been used in the experiments, and a broad frequency range (from 0.05 Hz to 6 Hz) is covered in sample test. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate AC losses of TF and PF CICC conductor including segregated copper and to check the design of PF and TF CICC coated with different resistive barriers (Pb-30Sn-2Sb and Ni plating on NbTi strands).
基金中国高科技研究与发展项目,the Defence Pre-research Project of the Tenth Five-Year Plan of China
摘要String matching algorithms play an important role in computer science. However, there is no uniform mathematical model to describe these algorithms. Thus, read-head-Skippable DFA (SDFA) is put forward, which is an extension of two-way DFA. It is proved that SDFA is equivalent to DFA. Furthermore, SDFA is a more natural mathematical model for string matching algorithms. After that, four types of the movement of the read head of string matching are analyzed and modeled by SDFA. Finally, the SDFA model of BMA string matching algorithms is given.