Vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are well suitable for grid-scale energy storage owing to their long lifespan,high efficiency and safety.State of charge(SOC)monitoring is essential for battery health assessment and system...Vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are well suitable for grid-scale energy storage owing to their long lifespan,high efficiency and safety.State of charge(SOC)monitoring is essential for battery health assessment and system management.However,accurate SOC determination during operation remains challenging due to vanadium ion crossover and side reactions that disrupt the valence and concentration balance between positive and negative electrolytes.Herein,an inverted transformer model,namely iTransformer,is employed to predict the SOC in VFB systems during charge–discharge cycles.The iTransformer-SOC model can achieve high accuracy and robustness.Even with training limited to the first three cycles,the model predicts SOC for the next 21 cycles with mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)less than 0.03.It can adapt to power variations and electrolyte rebalancing scenarios.Most importantly,an iTransformer-based SOC monitoring system was validated and confirmed by a 10 kW VFB system,demonstrating superior performance in predicting SOC of complete charge–discharge cycles(MAPE<0.05,less than 1/3 of the traditional open-circuit voltage(OCV)method's error).This datadriven approach provides a robust framework for real-time SOC monitoring in VFB systems,serving as a complementary alternative to physics-based model without requiring prior knowledge of system dynamics.展开更多
Distributed fiber-optic sensors(DFOSs),which are based on optical frequency-domain reflectometry(OFDR),provide high-resolution strain measurements and have promising application in structural health monitoring.This st...Distributed fiber-optic sensors(DFOSs),which are based on optical frequency-domain reflectometry(OFDR),provide high-resolution strain measurements and have promising application in structural health monitoring.This study introduces a novel steel fibe-reinforced polymer composite bar(SFCB)with self-sensing,structural reinforcement,and damage control features designed to evaluate the response and damage status of concrete members.Investigating the force transfer mechanism between SFCB and concrete is essential for understanding concrete cracking behavior and establishing a reliable damage evaluation approach.Initially,tension tests were conducted on SFCB concrete members to investigate the effects of cover depth and bonding mechanism(concrete type and surface treatment of the SFCB)on the end effects,along with a test procedure designed to effectively eliminate the end effects.The results indi-cate that the use of members with small cover depths,surface sandblasted SFCB,and geopolymer con-crete(GPC)can reduce the impact of the end effects.The tracking and quantification of particular crack progressions were subsequently assessed through the integration of a digital image correlation(DIC)system and a DFOS system.Finally,based on the results from which the influence of end effects has been eliminated,a theoretical model for the response of SFCB concrete tension members was pro-posed,along with a model for damage variables that is independent of geometry and material behaviors.展开更多
Carbon fibers have excellent properties,including high strength,light weight,corrosion resistance,andhigh durability;therefore,they are widely used in various fields.Carbon fibers possess excellent electricalconductiv...Carbon fibers have excellent properties,including high strength,light weight,corrosion resistance,andhigh durability;therefore,they are widely used in various fields.Carbon fibers possess excellent electricalconductivity and electrochemical stability,and they can be used as electrode materials for functionalizedapplications in civil engineering.This study explores the evolution mechanism of the electrochemicalproperties of carbon fibers and carbon fiber composites used as anodes.This study further focuses onthe collaborative intervention technique of impressed current cathodic protection and structuralstrengthening(ICCP-SS)for reinforced concrete structures,as well as the non-destructive recycling of car-bon fibers based on their electrochemical evolution mechanism.This study aims to provide new ideas forthe functionalization of carbon fiber composites in civil engineering.展开更多
This study presents a novel self-sensing steel fiber-reinforced polymer composite bar(SFCB).The SFCB combines damage control,self-sensing,and structural reinforcement functions using distributed fiber optic sensing(DF...This study presents a novel self-sensing steel fiber-reinforced polymer composite bar(SFCB).The SFCB combines damage control,self-sensing,and structural reinforcement functions using distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)technology.By combining DFOS strains with theoretical and numerical models,a multilevel performance method for damage assessment is proposed from the perspectives of safety,suitability,and durability.Stiffness is a metric used to assess the complete service history of the reinforced concrete(RC)structure,which was used to define the damage variables.Initially,a basic correlation is created between the SFCB strain and several performance characteristics,such as moment,curvature,load,deflection,stiffness,and crack breadth,at characteristic points.The threshold values of damage variables for safety,serviceability,and durability were determined based on loading peak,mid-span deflection limits,and crack width limits corresponding to the damage variables.Then,a modified fiber damage model based on DFOS strain data is proposed to improve identification,quantification,and tracking for fiber damage.Finally,the reliability of the proposed theoretical and numerical models was verified by three-point flexural tests of SFCB–RC beams,and the test beams were analyzed using the proposed method.The results show that increasing the reinforcement ratio can lower the threshold at all levels and improve the ability of the flexural beams to control damage.This study contributes to advancing the intelligence of RC structures and offers valuable insights for the design of intelligent RC structures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rebleeding after recovery from esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EGVB)is a severe complication that is associated with high rates of both incidence and mortality.Despite its clinical importance,recognized p...BACKGROUND Rebleeding after recovery from esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EGVB)is a severe complication that is associated with high rates of both incidence and mortality.Despite its clinical importance,recognized prognostic models that can effectively predict esophagogastric variceal rebleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis are lacking.AIM To construct and externally validate a reliable prognostic model for predicting the occurrence of esophagogastric variceal rebleeding.METHODS This study included 477 EGVB patients across 2 cohorts:The derivation cohort(n=322)and the validation cohort(n=155).The primary outcome was rebleeding events within 1 year.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was applied for predictor selection,and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct the prognostic model.Internal validation was performed with bootstrap resampling.We assessed the discrimination,calibration and accuracy of the model,and performed patient risk stratification.RESULTS Six predictors,including albumin and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations,white blood cell count,and the presence of ascites,portal vein thrombosis,and bleeding signs,were selected for the rebleeding event prediction following endoscopic treatment(REPET)model.In predicting rebleeding within 1 year,the REPET model ex-hibited a concordance index of 0.775 and a Brier score of 0.143 in the derivation cohort,alongside 0.862 and 0.127 in the validation cohort.Furthermore,the REPET model revealed a significant difference in rebleeding rates(P<0.01)between low-risk patients and intermediate-to high-risk patients in both cohorts.CONCLUSION We constructed and validated a new prognostic model for variceal rebleeding with excellent predictive per-formance,which will improve the clinical management of rebleeding in EGVB patients.展开更多
The potherb mustard Xuecai(XC)cultivar is a cruciferous vegetable that is popular either fresh or pickled.Due to the deep notches in the edges of leaves in mustard XC,this plant can be said to have multipinnately lobe...The potherb mustard Xuecai(XC)cultivar is a cruciferous vegetable that is popular either fresh or pickled.Due to the deep notches in the edges of leaves in mustard XC,this plant can be said to have multipinnately lobed leaves.The net photosynthesis of lobed leaves is significantly greater than that of simple leaves.However,the molecular mechanism of leaf shape variation has not been determined.Here,we used HiFi and Hi-C data to assemble the XC genome.The genome was 961.72 Mb in size,with a contig N50 value of 6.565 Mb.The XC genome was compared with four previously sequenced mustard genomes,and the genomic collinearity regions,SNPs,and indels were identified.Five BjRCO genes were found on chromosome(Chr.)A10 in potherb mustard XC when the BjRCO gene locus was compared against other sequenced B.juncea genomes.Segmental duplication was found to contribute to the BjRCO gene copy number.The transcript expression of BjRCO genes was greater in multipinnately lobed leaves than in sawtooth-like leaves.Together,these findings indicate that both the greater copy number and the expression level of BjRCO genes regulate leaf shape from simple to complex in B.juncea.Gene editing of the BjRCO gene from XC changed the leaf shape from multipinnately lobed to simple.The high-quality XC genome sequence not only provides new insight into B.juncea leaf-type genomics but also helps in deciphering leaf shape variation.Our study provides insights into the variation and evolution of important traits in Brassica plants through a comparative analysis of the sequenced genomes.展开更多
Leaf trichome formation is a very important agronomic trait as it confers resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses,but the causal genes involved in this process in Brassica juncea remain largely unexplored.In this st...Leaf trichome formation is a very important agronomic trait as it confers resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses,but the causal genes involved in this process in Brassica juncea remain largely unexplored.In this study,we first characterized the haplotypes of BjB02.GL1 among different inbred lines with leaf trichomes or glabrous leaves.A comparative analysis of the number and density of leaf trichomes between the two mustard inbred lines was then performed.BSA analysis of leaves with trichomes and glabrous pools from the F2 segregating population mapped the candidate genes on Chr.A06 and Chr.B02.Two candidate genes,BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1,were subsequently cloned.After sequence alignment of the BjGL1 genes,both single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and indel were identified in the BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1 genes.And quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis further confirmed that both the BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1 genes were more highly expressed in leaves with trichomes than in glabrous leaves.As the leaf size increased,the leaf trichome density decreased.Gene editing of both BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1 changed the leaf trichome to a glabrous leaf phenotype in mustard.In addition,plants with leaf trichomes presented greater resistance to aphids.Taken together,our results revealed that both BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1 positively regulate leaf trichome formation and help increase aphid resistance in mustard.This study provides valuable resources and helps to elucidate the molecular mechanism of leaf trichome formation in B.juncea.展开更多
Polyacrylonitrile-based commercial carbon fibers(CFs)have garnered significant attention in mechanical applications because of their exceptional mechanical properties.However,their functional versatility relies heavil...Polyacrylonitrile-based commercial carbon fibers(CFs)have garnered significant attention in mechanical applications because of their exceptional mechanical properties.However,their functional versatility relies heavily on the structural intricacies of duplex carbon layers.Current modification approaches,though effective,are encumbered by complexity and cost,limiting widespread adoption across diverse fields.We herein present a straightforward modification strategy centered on regulating carbon layers to unlock the multifunctional potential of CFs.Our method leverages two common anions,Cl-and SO42-,to facilitate oxidation reactions in CFs under robust alkali and high voltage conditions.Cl-effectively activates carbon layers,while SO42-facilitates layer movement.The electrocatalytic activities of the resultant CFs are enhanced,with state-of-the-art performance as supercapacitors and exceptional stability.Moreover,our approach achieves a groundbreaking milestone by bending and fusing CFs without using binders.This breakthrough can reduce the manufacturing costs of CF-based products.It also facilitates the development of novel microelectronic devices.展开更多
基金supported by the Key R&D Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(2022YFB2404904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22309178)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the CAS(XDA0400402)the Liaoning International Cooperation Project(2023JH2/10700002)。
摘要Vanadium flow batteries(VFBs)are well suitable for grid-scale energy storage owing to their long lifespan,high efficiency and safety.State of charge(SOC)monitoring is essential for battery health assessment and system management.However,accurate SOC determination during operation remains challenging due to vanadium ion crossover and side reactions that disrupt the valence and concentration balance between positive and negative electrolytes.Herein,an inverted transformer model,namely iTransformer,is employed to predict the SOC in VFB systems during charge–discharge cycles.The iTransformer-SOC model can achieve high accuracy and robustness.Even with training limited to the first three cycles,the model predicts SOC for the next 21 cycles with mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)less than 0.03.It can adapt to power variations and electrolyte rebalancing scenarios.Most importantly,an iTransformer-based SOC monitoring system was validated and confirmed by a 10 kW VFB system,demonstrating superior performance in predicting SOC of complete charge–discharge cycles(MAPE<0.05,less than 1/3 of the traditional open-circuit voltage(OCV)method's error).This datadriven approach provides a robust framework for real-time SOC monitoring in VFB systems,serving as a complementary alternative to physics-based model without requiring prior knowledge of system dynamics.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52325804 and 52108230)the National Natural Science Foundation of China–Guangdong Joint Fund(U2001226)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515120007)the Shenzhen Basic Research Project(JCYJ20210324095003010).
摘要Distributed fiber-optic sensors(DFOSs),which are based on optical frequency-domain reflectometry(OFDR),provide high-resolution strain measurements and have promising application in structural health monitoring.This study introduces a novel steel fibe-reinforced polymer composite bar(SFCB)with self-sensing,structural reinforcement,and damage control features designed to evaluate the response and damage status of concrete members.Investigating the force transfer mechanism between SFCB and concrete is essential for understanding concrete cracking behavior and establishing a reliable damage evaluation approach.Initially,tension tests were conducted on SFCB concrete members to investigate the effects of cover depth and bonding mechanism(concrete type and surface treatment of the SFCB)on the end effects,along with a test procedure designed to effectively eliminate the end effects.The results indi-cate that the use of members with small cover depths,surface sandblasted SFCB,and geopolymer con-crete(GPC)can reduce the impact of the end effects.The tracking and quantification of particular crack progressions were subsequently assessed through the integration of a digital image correlation(DIC)system and a DFOS system.Finally,based on the results from which the influence of end effects has been eliminated,a theoretical model for the response of SFCB concrete tension members was pro-posed,along with a model for damage variables that is independent of geometry and material behaviors.
基金the support provided by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B111107002).
摘要Carbon fibers have excellent properties,including high strength,light weight,corrosion resistance,andhigh durability;therefore,they are widely used in various fields.Carbon fibers possess excellent electricalconductivity and electrochemical stability,and they can be used as electrode materials for functionalizedapplications in civil engineering.This study explores the evolution mechanism of the electrochemicalproperties of carbon fibers and carbon fiber composites used as anodes.This study further focuses onthe collaborative intervention technique of impressed current cathodic protection and structuralstrengthening(ICCP-SS)for reinforced concrete structures,as well as the non-destructive recycling of car-bon fibers based on their electrochemical evolution mechanism.This study aims to provide new ideas forthe functionalization of carbon fiber composites in civil engineering.
基金financial support provided by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(52325804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2001226 and 52108230)+1 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022B1515120007)the Shenzhen Basic Research Project(JCYJ20210324095003010)。
摘要This study presents a novel self-sensing steel fiber-reinforced polymer composite bar(SFCB).The SFCB combines damage control,self-sensing,and structural reinforcement functions using distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS)technology.By combining DFOS strains with theoretical and numerical models,a multilevel performance method for damage assessment is proposed from the perspectives of safety,suitability,and durability.Stiffness is a metric used to assess the complete service history of the reinforced concrete(RC)structure,which was used to define the damage variables.Initially,a basic correlation is created between the SFCB strain and several performance characteristics,such as moment,curvature,load,deflection,stiffness,and crack breadth,at characteristic points.The threshold values of damage variables for safety,serviceability,and durability were determined based on loading peak,mid-span deflection limits,and crack width limits corresponding to the damage variables.Then,a modified fiber damage model based on DFOS strain data is proposed to improve identification,quantification,and tracking for fiber damage.Finally,the reliability of the proposed theoretical and numerical models was verified by three-point flexural tests of SFCB–RC beams,and the test beams were analyzed using the proposed method.The results show that increasing the reinforcement ratio can lower the threshold at all levels and improve the ability of the flexural beams to control damage.This study contributes to advancing the intelligence of RC structures and offers valuable insights for the design of intelligent RC structures.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81874390 and No.81573948Shanghai Natural Science Foundation,No.21ZR1464100+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission,No.22S11901700the Shanghai Key Specialty of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine,No.shslczdzk01201.
摘要BACKGROUND Rebleeding after recovery from esophagogastric variceal bleeding(EGVB)is a severe complication that is associated with high rates of both incidence and mortality.Despite its clinical importance,recognized prognostic models that can effectively predict esophagogastric variceal rebleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis are lacking.AIM To construct and externally validate a reliable prognostic model for predicting the occurrence of esophagogastric variceal rebleeding.METHODS This study included 477 EGVB patients across 2 cohorts:The derivation cohort(n=322)and the validation cohort(n=155).The primary outcome was rebleeding events within 1 year.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was applied for predictor selection,and multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to construct the prognostic model.Internal validation was performed with bootstrap resampling.We assessed the discrimination,calibration and accuracy of the model,and performed patient risk stratification.RESULTS Six predictors,including albumin and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations,white blood cell count,and the presence of ascites,portal vein thrombosis,and bleeding signs,were selected for the rebleeding event prediction following endoscopic treatment(REPET)model.In predicting rebleeding within 1 year,the REPET model ex-hibited a concordance index of 0.775 and a Brier score of 0.143 in the derivation cohort,alongside 0.862 and 0.127 in the validation cohort.Furthermore,the REPET model revealed a significant difference in rebleeding rates(P<0.01)between low-risk patients and intermediate-to high-risk patients in both cohorts.CONCLUSION We constructed and validated a new prognostic model for variceal rebleeding with excellent predictive per-formance,which will improve the clinical management of rebleeding in EGVB patients.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002056)the Science and Technology Research Key Project of Henan Province,China(242102111138)。
摘要The potherb mustard Xuecai(XC)cultivar is a cruciferous vegetable that is popular either fresh or pickled.Due to the deep notches in the edges of leaves in mustard XC,this plant can be said to have multipinnately lobed leaves.The net photosynthesis of lobed leaves is significantly greater than that of simple leaves.However,the molecular mechanism of leaf shape variation has not been determined.Here,we used HiFi and Hi-C data to assemble the XC genome.The genome was 961.72 Mb in size,with a contig N50 value of 6.565 Mb.The XC genome was compared with four previously sequenced mustard genomes,and the genomic collinearity regions,SNPs,and indels were identified.Five BjRCO genes were found on chromosome(Chr.)A10 in potherb mustard XC when the BjRCO gene locus was compared against other sequenced B.juncea genomes.Segmental duplication was found to contribute to the BjRCO gene copy number.The transcript expression of BjRCO genes was greater in multipinnately lobed leaves than in sawtooth-like leaves.Together,these findings indicate that both the greater copy number and the expression level of BjRCO genes regulate leaf shape from simple to complex in B.juncea.Gene editing of the BjRCO gene from XC changed the leaf shape from multipinnately lobed to simple.The high-quality XC genome sequence not only provides new insight into B.juncea leaf-type genomics but also helps in deciphering leaf shape variation.Our study provides insights into the variation and evolution of important traits in Brassica plants through a comparative analysis of the sequenced genomes.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32002056)the training program for young backbone teachers in Henan Province(2024GGJS085)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(232300420021)the Nanhu Scholars Program for Young Scholars of XYNU.
摘要Leaf trichome formation is a very important agronomic trait as it confers resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses,but the causal genes involved in this process in Brassica juncea remain largely unexplored.In this study,we first characterized the haplotypes of BjB02.GL1 among different inbred lines with leaf trichomes or glabrous leaves.A comparative analysis of the number and density of leaf trichomes between the two mustard inbred lines was then performed.BSA analysis of leaves with trichomes and glabrous pools from the F2 segregating population mapped the candidate genes on Chr.A06 and Chr.B02.Two candidate genes,BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1,were subsequently cloned.After sequence alignment of the BjGL1 genes,both single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and indel were identified in the BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1 genes.And quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis further confirmed that both the BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1 genes were more highly expressed in leaves with trichomes than in glabrous leaves.As the leaf size increased,the leaf trichome density decreased.Gene editing of both BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1 changed the leaf trichome to a glabrous leaf phenotype in mustard.In addition,plants with leaf trichomes presented greater resistance to aphids.Taken together,our results revealed that both BjA06.GL1 and BjB02.GL1 positively regulate leaf trichome formation and help increase aphid resistance in mustard.This study provides valuable resources and helps to elucidate the molecular mechanism of leaf trichome formation in B.juncea.
基金support from the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B111107002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52478266 and 52108231)+1 种基金the Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund of Guangdong Province(2023A1515012150 and 2023A1515012409)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program(20220810140230001 and 20220810160453001).
摘要Polyacrylonitrile-based commercial carbon fibers(CFs)have garnered significant attention in mechanical applications because of their exceptional mechanical properties.However,their functional versatility relies heavily on the structural intricacies of duplex carbon layers.Current modification approaches,though effective,are encumbered by complexity and cost,limiting widespread adoption across diverse fields.We herein present a straightforward modification strategy centered on regulating carbon layers to unlock the multifunctional potential of CFs.Our method leverages two common anions,Cl-and SO42-,to facilitate oxidation reactions in CFs under robust alkali and high voltage conditions.Cl-effectively activates carbon layers,while SO42-facilitates layer movement.The electrocatalytic activities of the resultant CFs are enhanced,with state-of-the-art performance as supercapacitors and exceptional stability.Moreover,our approach achieves a groundbreaking milestone by bending and fusing CFs without using binders.This breakthrough can reduce the manufacturing costs of CF-based products.It also facilitates the development of novel microelectronic devices.