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Targeted nanovesicular delivery of dexmedetomidine modulates microglial lysosomal function via Sirt3 signaling to ameliorate neurodegenerative pathology 认领 引用
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作者 Yuan Zhang Hui Jiang +1 位作者 Fuqing Zhang Jinghua Liao 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第10期5020-5034,共15页
Neuroinflammation and lysosomal dysfunction in microglia are increasingly recognized as critical pathological drivers of Alzheimer's disease,yet current anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective agents have limited bra... Neuroinflammation and lysosomal dysfunction in microglia are increasingly recognized as critical pathological drivers of Alzheimer's disease,yet current anti-inflammatory or neuroprotective agents have limited brain delivery efficiency and cellular specificity.To address these challenges,this study proposes a novel nanotherapeutic paradigm based on extracellular nanovesicles(ENVs)for targeted modulation of microglial function.This research explored the potential of a novel nanotherapeutic platform involving ENVs functionalized with aptamers and encapsulating dexmedetomidine(Dex)to alleviate microglia-associated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.The effects on microglial lysosomal function,neuroinflammation,and cognitive performance were evaluated in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.Cholesterol-conjugated PEG 2000 aptamers were used to modify extracellular nanovesicles derived from microglial cells.The nanovesicles(ZH-1c-ENVs)were loaded with Dex using ultrasound-assisted methods.Particle size,morphology,and drug release kinetics were characterized using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy.In vitro assays assessed microglial cell uptake and cytotoxicity,while in vivo biodistribution was evaluated in a mouse model.Proteomics,western blotting,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and immunofluorescence were employed to analyze the effects of ZH-1c-ENVs@Dex on microglial inflammation,lysosomal activity,and amyloid-beta clearance.Cognitive function improvements were assessed using the Morris water maze.ZH-1c-ENVs@Dex achieved efficient drug encapsulation and crossed the blood-brain barrier,delivering Dex selectively to microglial cells.Proteomic analysis revealed activation of the Sirtuin 3 signaling pathway,which reduced microglial inflammation and enhanced lysosomal function.These changes promoted amyloid-beta clearance in vitro and alleviated neuroinflammation in vivo.Treatment significantly improved cognitive performance in Alzheimer's disease mice.The ZH-1c-ENVs@Dex system represents a promising nanomedicine strategy for Alzheimer's disease therapy by modulating Sirtuin 3 activity,restoring microglial function,and improving cognitive outcomes.This study lays the groundwork for clinical translation of aptamer-modified ENVs as precision nanomedicines for neurodegenerative diseases.The ZH-1c-ENVs@Dex system integrates clinically safe components,efficiently traverses the blood-brain barrier,and selectively targets microglia,exhibiting remarkable potential for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders.This scalable and highly biocompatible nanovesicular platform offers a clinically translatable strategy with substantial therapeutic promise for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. 展开更多
关键词 Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-beta aptamer cognitive impairment dexmedetomidine drug delivery extracellular nanovesicles lysosome microglia neuroinflammation Sirtuin 3
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Coupling Ensemble Kalman Filter with Four-dimensional Variational Data Assimilation 认领 引用 被引量：34
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作者 Fuqing ZHANG Meng ZHANG James A. HANSEN 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS 2009年第1期1-8,共8页
This study examines the performance of coupling the deterministic four-dimensional variational assimilation system （4DVAR） with an ensemble Kalman filter （EnKF） to produce a superior hybrid approach for data assim... This study examines the performance of coupling the deterministic four-dimensional variational assimilation system （4DVAR） with an ensemble Kalman filter （EnKF） to produce a superior hybrid approach for data assimilation. The coupled assimilation scheme （E4DVAR） benefits from using the state-dependent uncertainty provided by EnKF while taking advantage of 4DVAR in preventing filter divergence： the 4DVAR analysis produces posterior maximum likelihood solutions through minimization of a cost function about which the ensemble perturbations are transformed, and the resulting ensemble analysis can be propagated forward both for the next assimilation cycle and as a basis for ensemble forecasting. The feasibility and effectiveness of this coupled approach are demonstrated in an idealized model with simulated observations. It is found that the E4DVAR is capable of outperforming both 4DVAR and the EnKF under both perfect- and imperfect-model scenarios. The performance of the coupled scheme is also less sensitive to either the ensemble size or the assimilation window length than those for standard EnKF or 4DVAR implementations. 展开更多
关键词 data assimilation four-dimensional variational data assimilation ensemble Kalman filter Lorenz model hybrid method
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Assimilation of All-sky Geostationary Satellite Infrared Radiances for Convection-Permitting Initialization and Prediction of Hurricane Joaquin(2015) 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 Lei ZHU Zhiyong MENG +1 位作者 Yonghui WENG Fuqing ZHANG 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第11期1859-1872,共14页
Intensity forecasting is one of the most challenging aspects of tropical cyclone(TC) forecasting. This work examines the impact of assimilating high-resolution all-sky infrared radiance observations from geostationary... Intensity forecasting is one of the most challenging aspects of tropical cyclone(TC) forecasting. This work examines the impact of assimilating high-resolution all-sky infrared radiance observations from geostationary satellite GOES-13 on the convection-permitting initialization and prediction of Hurricane Joaquin(2015) with an ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)based on the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model. Given that almost all operational global and regional models struggled to capture Hurricane Joaquin(2015)'s intensity, this study examines the potential in improving Joaquin's prediction when assimilating all-sky infrared radiances from GOES-13's water vapor channel. It is demonstrated that, after a few 3-hour cycles assimilating all-sky radiance, the WRF model was able to forecast reasonably well Joaquin's intensity,including its rapid intensification(RI). The improvement was largely due to a more realistic initial hurricane structure with a stronger, warmer, and more compact inner-core. Ensemble forecasts were used to further explore the important physical mechanisms driving the hurricane's RI. Results showed that the RI forecasts were greatly impacted by the initial inner-core vortex structure. 展开更多
关键词 all-sky infrared radiance TC intensity EnKF inner-core structure
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Modeling Arctic Boundary Layer Cloud Streets at Grey-zone Resolutions 认领 引用
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作者 Hui-Wen LAI Fuqing ZHANG +4 位作者 Eugene E.CLOTHIAUX David R.STAUFFER Brian J.GAUDET Johannes VERLINDE Deliang CHEN 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2020年第1期42-56,共15页
To better understand how model resolution affects the formation of Arctic boundary layer clouds,we investigated the influence of grid spacing on simulating cloud streets that occurred near Utqiaġvik(formerly Barrow),A... To better understand how model resolution affects the formation of Arctic boundary layer clouds,we investigated the influence of grid spacing on simulating cloud streets that occurred near Utqiaġvik(formerly Barrow),Alaska,on 2 May 2013 and were observed by MODIS(the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer).The Weather Research and Forecasting model was used to simulate the clouds using nested domains with increasingly fine resolution ranging from a horizontal grid spacing of 27 km in the boundary-layer-parameterized mesoscale domain to a grid spacing of 0.111 km in the large-eddy-permitting domain.We investigated the model-simulated mesoscale environment,horizontal and vertical cloud structures,boundary layer stability,and cloud properties,all of which were subsequently used to interpret the observed roll-cloud case.Increasing model resolution led to a transition from a more buoyant boundary layer to a more shear-driven turbulent boundary layer.The clouds were stratiform-like in the mesoscale domain,but as the model resolution increased,roll-like structures,aligned along the wind field,appeared with ever smaller wavelengths.A stronger vertical water vapor gradient occurred above the cloud layers with decreasing grid spacing.With fixed model grid spacing at 0.333 km,changing the model configuration from a boundary layer parameterization to a large-eddy-permitting scheme produced a more shear-driven and less unstable environment,a stronger vertical water vapor gradient below the cloud layers,and the wavelengths of the rolls decreased slightly.In this study,only the large-eddy-permitting simulation with gird spacing of 0.111 km was sufficient to model the observed roll clouds. 展开更多
关键词 cloud streets large eddy simulation grey zone Arctic clouds model resolution
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Scale-dependent Regional Climate Predictability over North America Inferred from CMIP3 and CMIP5 Ensemble Simulations 认领 引用
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作者 Fuqing ZHANG Wei LI Michael E.MANN 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第8期905-918,共14页
Through the analysis of ensembles of coupled model simulations and projections collected from CMIP3 and CMIP5, we demonstrate that a fundamental spatial scale limit might exist below which useful additional refinement... Through the analysis of ensembles of coupled model simulations and projections collected from CMIP3 and CMIP5, we demonstrate that a fundamental spatial scale limit might exist below which useful additional refinement of climate model predictions and projections may not be possible. That limit varies among climate variables and from region to region. We show that the uncertainty（noise） in surface temperature predictions（represented by the spread among an ensemble of global climate model simulations） generally exceeds the ensemble mean（signal） at horizontal scales below 1000 km throughout North America, implying poor predictability at those scales. More limited skill is shown for the predictability of regional precipitation. The ensemble spread in this case tends to exceed or equal the ensemble mean for scales below 2000 km. These findings highlight the challenges in predicting regionally specific future climate anomalies, especially for hydroclimatic impacts such as drought and wetness. 展开更多
关键词 regional climate predictability CMIP5 ensemble North America climate change
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Mesoscale Predictability of Moist Baroclinic Waves: Variable and Scale-dependent Error Growth 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 BEI Naifang Fuqing ZHANG 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第5期995-1008,共14页
This study seeks to quantify the predictability of different forecast variables at various scales through spectral analysis of the difference between perturbed and unperturbed cloud-permitting simulations of idealized... This study seeks to quantify the predictability of different forecast variables at various scales through spectral analysis of the difference between perturbed and unperturbed cloud-permitting simulations of idealized moist baroclinic waves amplify- ing in a conditionally unstable atmosphere. The error growth of a forecast variable is found to be strongly associated with its reference-state （unperturbed） power spectrum and slope, which differ significantly from variable to variable. The shallower the reference state spectrum, the more spectral energy resides at smaller scales, and thus the less predictable the variable since the error grows faster at smaller scales before it saturates. In general, the variables with more small-scale components （such as vertical velocity） are less predictable, and vice versa （such as pressure）. In higher-resolution simulations in which more rigorous small-scale instabilities become better resolved, the error grows faster at smaller scales and spreads to larger scales more quickly before the error saturates at those small scales during the first few hours of the forecast. Based on the reference power spectrum, an index on the degree of lack （or loss） of predictability （LPI） is further defined to quantify the predictive time scale of each forecast variable. Future studies are needed to investigate the scale- and variable-dependent predictability under different background reference flows, including real case studies through ensemble experiments. 展开更多
关键词 predictability baroclinic waves error growth mesoscale
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A Survey of Unbalanced Flow Diagnostics and Their Application 认领 引用 被引量：27
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作者 Fuqing Zhang Steven E. Koch Christopher A. Davis and Michael L. Kaplan 《Advances in Atmospheric Sciences》 SCIE CAS 2000年第2期165-183,共19页
This paper presents an extensive survey of the most commonly used tools for diagnosing unbalanced flow in the atmosphere, namely the Lagrangian Rossby number, Psi vector, divergence equation, nonlinear balance equatio... This paper presents an extensive survey of the most commonly used tools for diagnosing unbalanced flow in the atmosphere, namely the Lagrangian Rossby number, Psi vector, divergence equation, nonlinear balance equation, generalized omega-equation, and departure from fields obtained by potential vorticity (PV) inversion. The basic thoery, assumptions as well as implementation and limitations for each of the tools are all discussed. These tools are applied to high—resolution mesoscale model data to assess the role of unbalanced dynamics in the generation of a mesoscale gravity wave event over the East Coast of the United States. Comparison of these tools in this case study shows that these various methods agree to a large extent with each other though they differ in details. Key words Unbalanced flow - Geostrophic adjustment - Gravity waves - Nonlinear balance equation - Potential vorticity inversion - Omega equations - Rossby number This research was conducted under support from NSF grant ATM-9700626 of the United States. The numerical computations described herein were performed on the Cray T90 at the North Carolina Supercomputing Center and the Cray supercomputer at the NCAR Scientific Computing Division, which also provided the initialization fields for the MM5. Thanks are extended to Mark Stoelinga at University of Washington for the RIP post-processing package. 展开更多
关键词 Unbalanced flow Geostrophic adjustment Gravity waves Nonlinear balance equation Potential vorticity inversion Omega equations Rossby number
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刍议季节因素对大气环境监测优化布点的影响 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 张甫庆 陈新春 马燕 《工程设计与施工》 2020年第2期17-19,共3页
在中国经济发展的过程中,一些工业和化学企业在生产中难免会对大气造成一定的破坏。为了保护中国的大气环境,对大气环境进行监测工作是非常重要的。在大气环境监测工作中,为了提高大气环境监测的科学性和精准性,要根据季节性的因素,优... 在中国经济发展的过程中,一些工业和化学企业在生产中难免会对大气造成一定的破坏。为了保护中国的大气环境,对大气环境进行监测工作是非常重要的。在大气环境监测工作中,为了提高大气环境监测的科学性和精准性,要根据季节性的因素,优化大气环境监测的布点设置。这样一来,不仅可以获得非常精准性的数据,还有助于大气环境监测工作的有序进行。 展开更多
关键词 季节因素 大气环境监测 优化布点
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Review of Chinese atmospheric science research over the past 70 years: Synoptic meteorology 认领 引用 被引量：20
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作者 Zhiyong MENG Fuqing ZHANG +18 位作者 Dehai LUO Zhemin TAN Juan FANG Jianhua SUN Xueshun SHEN Yunji ZHANG Shuguang WANG Wei HAN Kun ZHAO Lei ZHU Yongyun HU Huiwen XUE Yaping MA Lijuan ZHANG Ji NIE Ruilin ZHOU Sa LI Hongjun LIU Yuning ZHU 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2019年第12期1946-1991,共46页
Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Ea... Synoptic meteorology is a branch of meteorology that uses synoptic weather observations and charts for the diagnosis,study,and forecasting of weather.Weather refers to the specific state of the atmosphere near the Earth’s surface during a short period of time.The spatial distribution of meteorological elements in the atmosphere can be represented by a variety of transient weather phenomena,which are caused by weather systems of different spatial and temporal scales.Weather is closely related to people’s life,and its development and evolution have always been the focus of atmospheric scientific research and operation.The development of synoptic meteorology is closely related to the development of observation systems,dynamical theories and numerical models.In China,observation networks have been built since the early 1950 s.Up to now,a comprehensive meteorological observation systembased on ground,air and space has been established.In particular,the development of a new generation of dense radar networks,the development of the Fengyun satellite series and the implementation of a series of large field experiments have brought our understanding of weather from large-scale environment to thermal dynamics,cloud microphysical structure and evolution characteristics of meso and micro-scale weather systems.The development of observation has also promoted the development of theory,numerical model and simulation.In the early days,China mainly used foreign numerical models.Lately,China has developed numerical model systems with independent intellectual property rights.Based on the results of high-resolution numerical simulations,in-depth understanding of the initiation and evolution mechanism and predictability of weather at different scales has been obtained.Synoptic meteorology has gradually changed from an initially independent development to a multidisciplinary approach,and the interaction between weather and the change of climate and environment has become a hot and frontier topic in atmospheric science.This paper reviews the important scientific and technological achievements made in China over the past 70 years in the fields of synoptic meteorology based on the literatures in China and abroad,from six aspects respectively including atmospheric dynamics,synoptic-scale weather,typhoon and tropical weather,severe convective weather,numerical weather prediction and data assimilation,weather and climate,atmospheric physics and atmospheric environment. 展开更多
关键词 Atmospheric sciences Synoptic meteorology Weather 70-year progresses
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ADVANCES IN UNDERSTANDING DIFFICULT CASES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE TRACK FORECASTS 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 Linus Magnusson James D.Doyle +5 位作者 William A.Komaromi Ryan D.Torn Chi Kit Tang Johnny C.L.Chan Munehiko Yamaguchi Fuqing Zhang 《Tropical Cyclone Research and Review》 2019年第3期109-122,共14页
Although tropical cyclone track forecast errors have substantially decreased in recent decades,there are still cases each season with large uncertainties in the forecasts and/or very large track errors.As such cases a... Although tropical cyclone track forecast errors have substantially decreased in recent decades,there are still cases each season with large uncertainties in the forecasts and/or very large track errors.As such cases are challenging for forecasters,it is important to understand the mechanisms behind the low predictability.For this purpose the research community has developed a number of tools.These tools include ensemble and adjoint sensitivity models,ensemble perturbation experiments and nudging experiments.In this report we discuss definitions of difficult cases for tropical cyclone track forecasts,diagnostic techniques to understand sources of errors,lessons learnt in recent years and recommendations for future work. 展开更多
关键词 tropical cyclones forecast busts predictability ensemble sensitivity adjoint modelling
Rising future tropical cyclone-induced extreme winds in the Mekong River Basin 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Aifang Chen Kerry AEmanuel +2 位作者 Deliang Chen Changgui Lin Fuqing Zhang 《Science Bulletin》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2020年第5期419-424,共6页
The societal impact of extreme winds induced by tropical cyclones(TCs)is a major concern in the Mekong River Basin(MRB).Though no clear trend of landfalling TC intensity along the Vietnam coastline has been observed s... The societal impact of extreme winds induced by tropical cyclones(TCs)is a major concern in the Mekong River Basin(MRB).Though no clear trend of landfalling TC intensity along the Vietnam coastline has been observed since the 1970 s,climate models project an increasing TC intensity in the 21 st century over the Western North Pacific,which is the primary TC source region influencing the MRB.Yet,how future TC activities will affect extreme winds quantitatively in the MRB remains unclear.By employing a novel dynamical downscaling technique using a specialized,coupled ocean-atmospheric model,shorter return periods of maximum wind speed in the MRB for 2081–2100 compared with 1981–2000 are projected based on five global climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario,suggesting increases in the future tropical cyclone intensity.The results point to consistently elevated future TC-related risks that may jeopardize sustainable development,disrupt food supply,and exacerbate conflicts in the region and beyond. 展开更多
关键词 Tropical cyclone Extreme wind Return period Mekong River Basin
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Dynamics of local extreme rainfall of super Typhoon Soudelor (2015) in East China 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 Jinsong PAN Daigao TENG +4 位作者 Fuqing ZHANG Lingli ZHOU Ling LUO Yonghui WENG Yunji ZHANG 《Science China Earth Sciences》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2018年第5期572-594,共23页
The characteristics and dynamics associated with the distribution, intensity, and triggering factors of local severe precipitation in Zhejiang Province induced by Super Typhoon Soudelor(2015) were investigated using m... The characteristics and dynamics associated with the distribution, intensity, and triggering factors of local severe precipitation in Zhejiang Province induced by Super Typhoon Soudelor(2015) were investigated using mesoscale surface observations, radar reflectivity, satellite nephograms, and the final(FNL) analyses of the Global Forecasting System(GFS) of the National Center for Environmental Prediction(NCEP). The rainfall processes during Soudelor's landfall and translation over East China could be separated into four stages based on rainfall characteristics such as distribution, intensity, and corresponding dynamics. The relatively less precipitation in the first stage resulted from interaction between the easterly wind to the north flank of this tropical cyclone(TC) and the coastal topography along the southeast of Zhejiang Province, China. With landfall of the TC in East China during the second stage, precipitation maxima occurred because of interaction between the TC's principal rainbands and the local topography from northeastern Fujian Province to southwestern Zhejiang Province. The distribution of precipitation presented significant asymmetric features in the third stage with maximal rainfall bands in the northeast quadrant of the TC when Soudelor's track turned from westward to northward as the TC decayed rapidly. Finally, during the northward to northeastward translation of the TC in the fourth stage, the interaction between a mid-latitude weather system and the northern part of the TC resulted in transfer of the maximum rainfall from the north of Zhejiang Province to the north of Jiangsu Province,which represented the end of rainfall in Zhejiang Province. Further quantitative calculations of the rainfall rate induced by the interaction between local topography and TC circulation(defined as "orographic effects") in the context of a one-dimensional simplified model showed that orographic effects were the primary factor determining the intensity of precipitation in this case,and accounted for over 50% of the total precipitation. The asymmetric distribution of the TC's rainbands was closely related to the asymmetric distribution of moisture resulted from changes of the TC's structure, and led to asymmetric distribution of local intense precipitation induced by Soudelor. Based on analysis of this TC, it could be concluded that local severe rainfall in the coastal regions of East China is closely related to changes of TC structure and intensity, as well as the outer rainbands. In addition, precipitation intensity and duration will increase correspondingly because of the complex interactions between the TC and local topography, and the particular TC track along large-scale steering flow. The results of this study may be useful for the understanding, prediction, and warning of disasters induced by local extreme rainfall caused by TCs, especially for facilitating forecasting and warning of flooding and mudslides associated with torrential rain caused by interactions between landfalling TCs and coastal topography. 展开更多
关键词 TC outer circulation TC principal rainband Orographic effect Expanding of TC＇s spiral bands
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Influence of molecular weight of modified ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene with Cu(II) chelate of bissalicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine on wear-resistant materials 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Min LIU Li WU +1 位作者 Fuqing ZHANG Jing FU 《Friction》 SCIE EI CAS 2016年第2期116-123,共8页
Reciprocating friction and wear performances of pure ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylenes (UHMWPEs) with molecular weights (MWs) of 2, 3, 5, and 9 million and their modified UHMWPEs with 15 wt.% Cu(II) chelate of ... Reciprocating friction and wear performances of pure ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylenes (UHMWPEs) with molecular weights (MWs) of 2, 3, 5, and 9 million and their modified UHMWPEs with 15 wt.% Cu(II) chelate of bissalicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine (add1) against titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) were investigated under boundary lubrication with 25 vol.% calf serum deionized water solution. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of purchased UHMWPE powders was performed. The enthalpy changed with an increase in MW. UH300 had the lowest temperature of an extrapolated peak and the best peak symmetry in DSC analysis. The friction coefficient curves of molded pure and modified UHMWPEs/Ti6Al4V were compared, and the volume loss by the wear of polymers was measured. 3D topographies of the worn surfaces of polymers and images of the worn surfaces of polymers and titanium alloy against polymers were analyzed by confocal white light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. Results showed that the influence of MW of UHMWPE was obvious on the friction and wear characteristics of pure UHMWPEs and 15% add1 UHMWPEs. An MW of 3 million was the best to reduce the friction of rubbing pairs, enhance the wear resistance of pure UHMWPEs and 15% add1-UHMWPEs, and improve the mating properties of Ti6Al4V. 展开更多
关键词 ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene reciprocating friction and wear boundary lubrication molecular weight Cu(Ⅱ) chelate of bissalicylaldehyde-ethylenediamine
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FURTHER EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL FOR ASSIMILATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS TO BENEFIT HURRICANE ANALYSES AND FORECASTS 认领 引用
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作者 JASON ASIPPEL FUQING ZHANG +2 位作者 YONGHUI WENG SCOTT ABRAUN DANIEL JCECIL 《Tropical Cyclone Research and Review》 2015年第2期64-70,共7页
This study explores the potential of assimilating data from multiple instruments onboard high-altitude,longendurance unmanned aircraft to improve hurricane analyses and forecasts.A recent study found a signifi cant po... This study explores the potential of assimilating data from multiple instruments onboard high-altitude,longendurance unmanned aircraft to improve hurricane analyses and forecasts.A recent study found a signifi cant positive impact on analyses and forecasts of Hurricane Karl when an ensemble Kalman fi lter was used to assimilate data from the High-altitude Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profi ler(HIWRAP),a new Doppler radar onboard the NASA Global Hawk(GH)unmanned airborne system.The GH can also carry other useful instruments,including dropsondes and the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer(HIRAD),which is a new radiometer that estimates large swaths of wind speeds and rainfall at the ocean surface.The primary fi nding is that simultaneously assimilating data from HIWRAP and the other GH-compatible instruments results in further analysis and forecast improvement for Karl.The greatest improvement comes when HIWRAP,HIRAD,and dropsonde data are simultaneously assimilated. 展开更多
关键词 VWP FURTHER EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL FOR ASSIMILATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS TO BENEFIT HURRICANE ANALYSES AND FORECASTS
Experiments on thermal fracture in rocks 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 Yong Chen Xiaodong Wu Fuqing Zhang 《Chinese Science Bulletin》 1999年第17期1610-1612,共3页
The thermally induced fracturing appeared in the boundaries of mineral grains of rocks due to the different thermal expansion of different minerals while heating the rocks. When the microscopic fracturing connected li... The thermally induced fracturing appeared in the boundaries of mineral grains of rocks due to the different thermal expansion of different minerals while heating the rocks. When the microscopic fracturing connected like a network, the macroscopic permeability and the fluid transport properties of the rock changed remarkably. The implication of thermal fracturing to petroleum industry, earthquake process and transport modeling have been discussed. 展开更多
关键词 thermal fracturing permeability fracture system.
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