As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing o...As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms.However,the lack of uniformity in detection methods,threshold settings,and reporting formats,as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types,have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.This consensus focuses on the definition,standardization of detection,clinical significance,and limitations of TMB,and provides consensus recommendations for the clinical application of TMB in real-world practice in China.This consensus is aimed at helping clinicians and laboratory personnel understand the clinical significance and testing standards of TMB,promoting more accurate interpretation of test results,and improving patient care.展开更多
Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significant...Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significantly expanded treatment options for NSCLC patients.These alterations include MET exon 14 skipping mutations(MET exon 14 skipping),MET gene amplifications,MET point mutations(primarily kinase domain mutations),and MET protein overexpression.Accurate identification of these alterations and appropriate selection of patient populations and targeted therapies are essential for improving clinical outcomes.The East China Lung Cancer Group,Youth Committee(ECLUNG YOUNG,Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group)has synthesized insights from China’s innovative drug development landscape and clinical practice to formulate an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with MET alterations.This consensus addresses key areas,such as optimal testing timing,testing methods,testing strategies,quality control measures,and treatment approaches.By offering standardized recommendations,this guidance aims to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic processes and enhance clinical decision-making for NSCLC with MET alterations.展开更多
Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of autologous dendritic cells co-cultured with cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) combined with chemotherapy in advanced non-small...Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of autologous dendritic cells co-cultured with cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) combined with chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: Fifty patients with advanced NSCLC (stages III to IV), who had received therapies in our Center (Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated to Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China) from August 2008 to January 2010, were treated by DC-CIK + chemotherapy as the combined treatment group; fifty advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy at the same time served as controls. The immunologic function, short-term therapeutic effects, the 1-year survival rate, the life quality, the chemotherapy side effects were compared between the two groups, the safety and therapeutic effects of DC-CIK cells therapy were observed too. Results: There was no obvious change of subsets of T cells in peripheral blood before and after therapy in DC-CIK + chemotherapy group, and IFN-γ was improved after therapy in this group (P < 0.05); in chemotherapy alone group, the ratios of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3-CD56+ cells and the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α decreased significantly after therapy (P < 0.05); the ratios of CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD56+ were improved after cell culture (P < 0.05). The disease control rate (DCR) of DC-CIK + chemotherapy group was higher than that in the chemotherapy alone group (78.0% vs 56.0%, P < 0.05); the 1-year survival rates of DC-CIK + chemotherapy group and chemotherapy alone group were 50% and 44% respectively, had no significant difference. Compared with chemotherapy alone group, the occurrence of chemotherapy side effects (including bone marrow suppression, nausea and vomiting, peripheral nerve toxicity) was less in the DC-CIK + chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). The physical and appetite were better in DC-CIK + chemotherapy group after therapy. Conclusion: To compare with simple chemotherapy, DC-CIK + chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC is safe and effective, and it can improve patients' life quality and remission rate, and prolong their survival time.展开更多
1(NUTM1)gene rearrangements(15q14).In 1991,two independent research teams reported NC cases characterized by the t(15;19)translo-cation.1,2 In vitro studies by French et al.3 led to the pivotal discovery of NC in 2003...1(NUTM1)gene rearrangements(15q14).In 1991,two independent research teams reported NC cases characterized by the t(15;19)translo-cation.1,2 In vitro studies by French et al.3 led to the pivotal discovery of NC in 2003 as a distinct disease entity driven by the fusion of bromodo-main and extraterminal domain(BET)protein 4(BRD4)and NUTM1.In 2004,the World Health Organization(WHO)classified tumors with t(15;19)translocation as a thymic malignancy and designated it“NUT midline carcinoma,”due to its predominant occurrence in midline organs.4 However,subsequent reports revealed NC’s emergence in numerous nonmidline organs,leading to its reclassification as the independent entity“NUT carcinoma of the thorax”by the WHO in 2015.5 NC exhibits rapid progression and profound resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy.展开更多
The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signa...The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signaling pathway,which promotes cell proliferation,inhibits cell apoptosis,and ultimately contributes to the occurrence and development of cancer.BRAF mutations are widely present in various cancers,including malignant melanoma,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,and hairy cell leukemia,among others.BRAF is an important target for the treatment of various solid tumors,and targeted combination therapies,represented by BRAF inhibitors,have become one of the main treatment modalities for a variety of BRAF-mutation-positive solid tumors.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82072577)from the International Medical Association(Grant No.IMA-F-2025-001).
摘要As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms.However,the lack of uniformity in detection methods,threshold settings,and reporting formats,as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types,have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.This consensus focuses on the definition,standardization of detection,clinical significance,and limitations of TMB,and provides consensus recommendations for the clinical application of TMB in real-world practice in China.This consensus is aimed at helping clinicians and laboratory personnel understand the clinical significance and testing standards of TMB,promoting more accurate interpretation of test results,and improving patient care.
摘要Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significantly expanded treatment options for NSCLC patients.These alterations include MET exon 14 skipping mutations(MET exon 14 skipping),MET gene amplifications,MET point mutations(primarily kinase domain mutations),and MET protein overexpression.Accurate identification of these alterations and appropriate selection of patient populations and targeted therapies are essential for improving clinical outcomes.The East China Lung Cancer Group,Youth Committee(ECLUNG YOUNG,Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group)has synthesized insights from China’s innovative drug development landscape and clinical practice to formulate an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with MET alterations.This consensus addresses key areas,such as optimal testing timing,testing methods,testing strategies,quality control measures,and treatment approaches.By offering standardized recommendations,this guidance aims to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic processes and enhance clinical decision-making for NSCLC with MET alterations.
基金Supported by a grant from the key Scientific Foundation of Shanxi Province (No. 051096-2)
摘要Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic effects of autologous dendritic cells co-cultured with cytokine-induced killer cells (DC-CIK) combined with chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: Fifty patients with advanced NSCLC (stages III to IV), who had received therapies in our Center (Department of Biotherapy, Affiliated to Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China) from August 2008 to January 2010, were treated by DC-CIK + chemotherapy as the combined treatment group; fifty advanced NSCLC patients treated with chemotherapy at the same time served as controls. The immunologic function, short-term therapeutic effects, the 1-year survival rate, the life quality, the chemotherapy side effects were compared between the two groups, the safety and therapeutic effects of DC-CIK cells therapy were observed too. Results: There was no obvious change of subsets of T cells in peripheral blood before and after therapy in DC-CIK + chemotherapy group, and IFN-γ was improved after therapy in this group (P < 0.05); in chemotherapy alone group, the ratios of CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3-CD56+ cells and the secretion of IL-2, TNF-α decreased significantly after therapy (P < 0.05); the ratios of CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD56+ were improved after cell culture (P < 0.05). The disease control rate (DCR) of DC-CIK + chemotherapy group was higher than that in the chemotherapy alone group (78.0% vs 56.0%, P < 0.05); the 1-year survival rates of DC-CIK + chemotherapy group and chemotherapy alone group were 50% and 44% respectively, had no significant difference. Compared with chemotherapy alone group, the occurrence of chemotherapy side effects (including bone marrow suppression, nausea and vomiting, peripheral nerve toxicity) was less in the DC-CIK + chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). The physical and appetite were better in DC-CIK + chemotherapy group after therapy. Conclusion: To compare with simple chemotherapy, DC-CIK + chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC is safe and effective, and it can improve patients' life quality and remission rate, and prolong their survival time.
摘要目的:本研究的目的是建立基于临床和血液学参数的免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)治疗的恶性肿瘤患者的免疫相关不良事件(immune-related adverse effects,irAEs)预测模型,如果经过验证,这些标记物的优点是易于整合到临床使用中,成本低廉。方法:本研究是对2016年1月到2020年12月在天津医科大学肿瘤医院和山西白求恩医院接受至少一剂ICIs治疗的恶性肿瘤患者的回顾性研究。收集了基线特征、治疗细节和不良事件的数据。采用t检验、χ2检验和Logistic回归等方法确定影响因素,建立预测模型。结果:任何级别和3级及以上的irAEs发生率分别为16.03%(76/474)和2.32%(11/474),其中最常见的分别为内分泌毒性37.1%(39/105)和肺炎7.6%(8/105)。多因素分析显示,2线治疗irAEs发生的风险更大[比值比(Odds Ratio,OR)=3.302];球蛋白(OR=1.086)与irAEs的发生呈正相关,而直接胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBIL)(OR=0.723)与其呈负相关(P<0.05)。最终建立了基于“ICIs类型、治疗线数、球蛋白、DBIL和淋巴细胞/单核细胞比值(lymphocyte to monocyte ratio,LMR)”的预测模型,其受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.775,95%CI:0.711~0.840,P<0.05,临界值为0.118,敏感度为92.5%,特异度为56.6%。结论:基于ICIs类型、治疗线数、球蛋白、DBIL和LMR的预测模型对单纯接受ICIs的恶性肿瘤患者的irAEs预测效果较好,其中治疗线数、球蛋白和DBIL是irAEs发生的独立预测因素。ICIs作为2线治疗以及治疗前高球蛋白和低DBIL的人群发生ir-AEs的风险较高。
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2022M723207)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2023KY666)+8 种基金Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Fund Project(grant number 2024ZL372)Qiantang Cross Fund Project(grant number 2023-16)the National Natural Science Foundation of China of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital Cultivation Project(grant number PY2023006)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2024KY812)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant number Q24H160110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number NSFC82371851)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Outstanding Young Scientists of Guizhou Province)(grant number Qiankeherencai-YQK(2023)021)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(grant number Qiankehejichu-ZK(2023)General 212)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(grant number Qiankehechengguo-LC(2025)General 068).
摘要1(NUTM1)gene rearrangements(15q14).In 1991,two independent research teams reported NC cases characterized by the t(15;19)translo-cation.1,2 In vitro studies by French et al.3 led to the pivotal discovery of NC in 2003 as a distinct disease entity driven by the fusion of bromodo-main and extraterminal domain(BET)protein 4(BRD4)and NUTM1.In 2004,the World Health Organization(WHO)classified tumors with t(15;19)translocation as a thymic malignancy and designated it“NUT midline carcinoma,”due to its predominant occurrence in midline organs.4 However,subsequent reports revealed NC’s emergence in numerous nonmidline organs,leading to its reclassification as the independent entity“NUT carcinoma of the thorax”by the WHO in 2015.5 NC exhibits rapid progression and profound resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82002456)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2022M723207)+10 种基金the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2023KY666)Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Fund Project(grant number 2024ZL372)Qiantang Cross Fund Project(grant number 2023-16)National Natural Science Foundation of China of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital Cultivation Project(grant number PY2023006)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2024KY812)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant number LQ24H160036)Beijing Health Technologies Promotion Program[grant number BHTPP2022041]Peking University Clinical Scientist Training Program and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number BMU2024PYJH010]Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital[grant number PY202333]the Beijing Natural Science Foundation[grant number 7232248]Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme[grant number QML20231902].
摘要The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signaling pathway,which promotes cell proliferation,inhibits cell apoptosis,and ultimately contributes to the occurrence and development of cancer.BRAF mutations are widely present in various cancers,including malignant melanoma,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,and hairy cell leukemia,among others.BRAF is an important target for the treatment of various solid tumors,and targeted combination therapies,represented by BRAF inhibitors,have become one of the main treatment modalities for a variety of BRAF-mutation-positive solid tumors.