Eugenol is a natural phenolic compound known for its health-promoting properties and its ability to add a floral scent to tea plants.Plant eugenol glycosides have been identified and shown to make important contributi...Eugenol is a natural phenolic compound known for its health-promoting properties and its ability to add a floral scent to tea plants.Plant eugenol glycosides have been identified and shown to make important contributions to fruit floral quality.However,the details of their biosynthesis and metabolism in tea plants are still unknown.Here,eugenol glucoside was unambiguously identified as a native metabolite in the tea plant,and its biosynthesis was shown to be induced by low temperature treatment.Through the analysis of UGTs induced by low temperature,the glycosyltransferase CsUGT78A15 was identified in tea,and its encoded protein was shown to catalyze the glucosylation of eugenol.Vmax/Km ratios showed that eugenol was the most suitable substrate for CsUGT78A15.Sugar donor preference analysis showed that CsUGT78A15 had a higher selectivity for glucose,followed by galactose and glucuronic acid.The expression of CsUGT78A15was correlatedwith the accumulation of eugenol glucoside in different tissues and genotypes of tea.Down-regulation of CsUGT78A15 led to a decreased eugenol glucoside content under cold stress,indicating that CsUGT78A15 plays an important role in the biosynthesis of eugenol glucoside under cold stress.The identification of eugenol glucoside in the tea plant and the discovery of a cold stress-induced eugenol glucosyltransferase in tea provide the foundation for the improvement of tea flavor under cold stress and the biotechnological production of eugenol glucoside.展开更多
The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 culti...The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 cultivars were divided into two groups by PCA(Principal Component Analysis)clustering analysis of their carotenoid content,and OPLS-DA(Orthogonal projections to latent structures)indicated that the levels ofβ-carotene(VIP=2.89)and lutein(VIP=2.30)were responsible for much of the variation between the two groups.Interestingly,theβ-carotene toβ-ionone conversion rates in Group 1 were higher than in Group 2,while theβ-carotene content was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2.Theβ-ionone content was significantly higher in Group 1.Pearson Correlation Coefficient calculation between the transcription level of candidate genes(CsCCD1 and CsCCD4)and the accumulation ofβ-ionone indicated that CsCCD1 may involve in the formation ofβ-ionone in 13 cultivars.Prokaryotic expression and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’had an amino acid mutation in carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 1(CsCCD1)compared with‘Shuchazao’,resulting in a significantly higherβ-ionone content in‘Chuanhuang 1’.Sequence analysis showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’and‘Huangdan’had different CsCCD1 promoter sequences,leading to significantly higher CsCCD1 expression andβ-ionone accumulation in‘Chuanhuang 1’.These results indicated that the promoter and coding sequence diversity of CsCCD1 might contribute to the differential accumulation ofβ-ionone in different tea cultivars.展开更多
Plants respond to environmental stimuli via the release of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and neighboring plants constantly monitor and respond to these VOCs with great sensitivity and discrimination.This sensing ca...Plants respond to environmental stimuli via the release of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and neighboring plants constantly monitor and respond to these VOCs with great sensitivity and discrimination.This sensing can trigger increased plant fitness and reduce future plant damage through the priming of their own defenses.The defense mechanism in neighboring plants can either be induced by activation of the regulatory or transcriptional machinery,or it can be delayed by the absorption and storage of VOCs for the generation of an appropriate response later.Despite much research,many key questions remain on the role of VOCs in interplant communication and plant fitness.Here we review recent research on the VOCs induced by biotic(i.e.insects and pathogens)and abiotic(i.e.cold,drought,and salt)stresses,and elucidate the biosynthesis of stress-induced VOCs in tea plants.Our focus is on the role of stress-induced VOCs in complex ecological environments.Particularly,the roles of VOCs under abiotic stress are highlighted.Finally,we discuss pertinent questions and future research directions for advancing our understanding of plant interactions via VOCs.展开更多
Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive in dynamic environments.Plants can communicate via volatile organic compounds(VOCs)to warn neighboring plants of threats.In most cases,VOCs act as positive reg...Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive in dynamic environments.Plants can communicate via volatile organic compounds(VOCs)to warn neighboring plants of threats.In most cases,VOCs act as positive regulators of plant defense.However,the communication and role of volatiles in response to drought stress are poorly understood.Here,we showed that tea plants release numerous VOCs.Among them,methyl salicylate(MeSA),benzyl alcohol,and phenethyl alcohol markedly increased under drought stress.Interestingly,further experiments revealed that drought-induced MeSA lowered the abscisic acid(ABA)content in neighboring plants by reducing 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase(NCED)gene expression,resulting in inhibition of stomatal closure and ultimately decreasing early drought tolerance in neighboring plants.Exogenous application of ABA reduced the wilting of tea plants caused by MeSA exposure.Exposure of Nicotiana benthamiana to MeSA also led to severe wilting,indicating that the ability of drought-induced MeSA to reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants may be conserved in other plant species.Taken together,these results provide evidence that drought-induced volatiles can reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants and lay a novel theoretical foundation for optimizing plant density and spacing.展开更多
After the publication of this article 1,the authors became aware that the word of“tea”was not mentioned in the title.To make the title clear and complete,the word‘tea’is added to the title.
Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is an important f leshy-fruited tree and a well-known medicinal plant of the Myrtaceae family that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas of the world.However,studies on the evolu...Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is an important f leshy-fruited tree and a well-known medicinal plant of the Myrtaceae family that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas of the world.However,studies on the evolution and genomic breeding of R.tomentosa were hindered by the lack of a reference genome.Here,we presented a chromosome-level gap-free T2T genome assembly of R.tomentosa using PacBio and ONT long read sequencing.We assembled the genome with size of 470.35 Mb and contig N50 of∼43.80 Mb with 11 pseudochromosomes.A total of 33382 genes and 239.31 Mb of repetitive sequences were annotated in this genome.Phylogenetic analysis elucidated the independent evolution of R.tomentosa starting from 14.37MYA and shared a recent WGD event with other Myrtaceae species.We identified four major compounds of anthocyanins and their synthetic pathways in R.tomentosa.Comparative genomic and gene expression analysis suggested the coloring and high anthocyanin accumulation in R.tomentosa tends to be determined by the activation of anthocyanin synthesis pathway.The positive selection and up-regulation of MYB transcription factors were the implicit factors in this process.The copy number increase of downstream anthocyanin transport-related OMT and GST gene were also detected in R.tomentosa.Expression analysis and pathway identification enriched the importance of starch degradation,response to stimuli,effect of hormones,and cell wall metabolism during the f leshy fruit development in Myrtaceae.Our genome assembly provided a foundation for investigating the origins and differentiation of Myrtaceae species and accelerated the genetic improvement of R.tomentosa.展开更多
Ethylene thiourea(ETU)converted from ethylene bisdithiocarbamate(EBDC)fungicides has aroused great concern because of its prevalence and harmful effects.Although ETU-induced neurotoxicity has been reported,the potenti...Ethylene thiourea(ETU)converted from ethylene bisdithiocarbamate(EBDC)fungicides has aroused great concern because of its prevalence and harmful effects.Although ETU-induced neurotoxicity has been reported,the potential mechanisms remain unclear.This study provided insights into its neurotoxic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations in zebrafish.Our findings showed that embryonic exposure to ETU decreased the hatch rate and delayed somite development.Furthermore,ETU treatment significantly reduced the dark velocity in the locomotion assay.The upregulated tendency of the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)pathway(mknk1,atf4,mapkapk3)screened by transcriptome analysis implied motor neuron degeneration,which was validated by subsequent morphological observation,as axon length and branches were truncated in the 62.5μg/L ETU group.However,although the rescue experiment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor(SB203580)successfully ameliorated axon degeneration,it failed to reverse the locomotion behaviors.Further exploration of transcriptome data revealed the varied expression of presynaptic scaffold protein-related genes(pcloa,pclob,bsna),whose downregulation might impair the neuromuscular junction(NMJ).Therefore,we reasonably suspected that ETU-induced neurobehavioral deficits might result from the combined effects of the MAPK pathway and presynaptic proteins.Considering this,we highlighted the necessity to take precautions and early interventions for susceptible ETU-exposed populations.展开更多
The High Mountain Asia(HMA) hosts the largest and most extensive mid-to low-latitude mountain glaciers,forming a crucial part of the “Asian Water Tower”.The temporal span of remote sensing data in previous regional ...The High Mountain Asia(HMA) hosts the largest and most extensive mid-to low-latitude mountain glaciers,forming a crucial part of the “Asian Water Tower”.The temporal span of remote sensing data in previous regional glacier inventories impacts quantitative estimates in glaciological studies.Remote sensing big data,including cloud-free Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 optical imagery,along with Sentinel-1 SAR data during the ablation period from July to September 2020,were utilized to generate a new time-stamped glacier inventory for the HMA(HMAGI-2020).Glacier outlines were automatically delineated using a VGG16-UNET deep learning model,leveraging unique spectral,polarization,and topographic characteristics as inputs,achieving an accuracy of up to 92.8%.The automated results were segmented based on existing glacier inventories,followed by manual corrections conducted primarily using Sentinel-2,supplemented by Landsat-8 in areas covered by optical imagery.A total of 93043 glaciers were manually corrected,and 15 attributes,including area,perimeter,and terrain parameters derived from the Copernicus DEM,were calculated for each glacier.The HMAGI-2020 includes 97934 glaciers whose area is larger than 0.01 km2,covering an area of 91837.77±2527.70 km2.The mean uncertainty of glacier delineation was calculated to be ±6.67% using a buffer-zone method combined with the VGG16-UNET.Across the HMA,the average glacier surface elevation is approximately 5094 m,with an average slope of 25.66°.Over 75% of glaciers are oriented toward the south,southwest,or southeast.Comparison with previous glacier inventories revealed a retreat of HMA glaciers over the past two decades,with glacier area reductions exceeding 20% in the southeastern HMA.In contrast,the Karakoram-West Kunlun region remains relatively stable,with only a slight area increase of less than 1%.Due to its advantages in data source consistency and temporal precision,the HMAGI-2020 is regarded as providing accurate glacier boundaries and attributes in 2020.This inventory is expected to provide essential data support for research on glaciology,climate change,and water resource management of the HMA in the context of global change.展开更多
Using the method in Biodiversity Risk and Opportunity Assessment Handbook of British American Tobacco Biodiversity Partnership,we assess biodiversity risks and opportunities in BAT and China's cooperative tobacco-...Using the method in Biodiversity Risk and Opportunity Assessment Handbook of British American Tobacco Biodiversity Partnership,we assess biodiversity risks and opportunities in BAT and China's cooperative tobacco-growing areas. The assessment results indicate that there are 8 risks and 1 opportunity. Action and monitoring plans have been made for medium and high risks as well as opportunity,to reduce impact on biodiversity.展开更多
Plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms to overcome their sessile nature.However,if and how volatiles from cold‐stressed plants can trigger interplant communication is still unknown.Here,we provide the f...Plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms to overcome their sessile nature.However,if and how volatiles from cold‐stressed plants can trigger interplant communication is still unknown.Here,we provide the first evidence for interplant communication via inducible volatiles in cold stress.The volatiles,including nerolidol,geraniol,linalool,and methyl salicylate,emitted from cold‐stressed tea plants play key role(s)in priming cold tolerance of their neighbors via a C‐repeatbinding factors‐dependent pathway.The knowledge will help us to understand how plants respond to volatile cues in cold stress and agricultural ecosystems.展开更多
As one of the most severe natural disasters in the world,floods caused substantial economic losses and casualties every year.Timely and accurate acquisition of flood inundation extent could provide technical support f...As one of the most severe natural disasters in the world,floods caused substantial economic losses and casualties every year.Timely and accurate acquisition of flood inundation extent could provide technical support for relevant departments in the field of flood emergency response and disaster relief.Given the accuracy of existing research works extracting flood inundation extent based on Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images and deep learning methods is relatively low,this study utilized Sentinel-1 SAR images as the data source and proposed a novel model named flood water body extraction convolutional neural network(FWENet)for flood information extraction.Then three classical semantic segmentation models(UNet,Deeplab v3 and UNet++)and two traditional water body extraction methods(Otsu global thresholding method and Object-Oriented method)were compared with the FWENet model.Furthermore,this paper analyzed the water body area change situations of Poyang Lake.The main results of this paper were as follows:Compared with other five water body extraction methods,the FWENet model achieved the highest water body extraction accuracy,its F1 score and mean intersection over union(mIoU)were 0.9871 and 0.9808,respectively.This study could guarantee the subsequent research on flood extraction based on SAR images.展开更多
基金the Science Fund for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31961133030,31870678)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1000601)+1 种基金Distinguished Young Scientists of Anhui Province(Grant No.1908085J12)the Graduate Innovation Fund(Grant No.2020ysj-32).
摘要Eugenol is a natural phenolic compound known for its health-promoting properties and its ability to add a floral scent to tea plants.Plant eugenol glycosides have been identified and shown to make important contributions to fruit floral quality.However,the details of their biosynthesis and metabolism in tea plants are still unknown.Here,eugenol glucoside was unambiguously identified as a native metabolite in the tea plant,and its biosynthesis was shown to be induced by low temperature treatment.Through the analysis of UGTs induced by low temperature,the glycosyltransferase CsUGT78A15 was identified in tea,and its encoded protein was shown to catalyze the glucosylation of eugenol.Vmax/Km ratios showed that eugenol was the most suitable substrate for CsUGT78A15.Sugar donor preference analysis showed that CsUGT78A15 had a higher selectivity for glucose,followed by galactose and glucuronic acid.The expression of CsUGT78A15was correlatedwith the accumulation of eugenol glucoside in different tissues and genotypes of tea.Down-regulation of CsUGT78A15 led to a decreased eugenol glucoside content under cold stress,indicating that CsUGT78A15 plays an important role in the biosynthesis of eugenol glucoside under cold stress.The identification of eugenol glucoside in the tea plant and the discovery of a cold stress-induced eugenol glucosyltransferase in tea provide the foundation for the improvement of tea flavor under cold stress and the biotechnological production of eugenol glucoside.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31961133030,31870678,32022076)Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scientists of Anhui Province(Grant No.1908085J12).
摘要The carotenoid-derived volatileβ-ionone makes an important contribution to tea fragrance.Here,we qualitatively and quantitatively analysed 15 carotenoids in tea leaves of 13 cultivars by UHPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The 13 cultivars were divided into two groups by PCA(Principal Component Analysis)clustering analysis of their carotenoid content,and OPLS-DA(Orthogonal projections to latent structures)indicated that the levels ofβ-carotene(VIP=2.89)and lutein(VIP=2.30)were responsible for much of the variation between the two groups.Interestingly,theβ-carotene toβ-ionone conversion rates in Group 1 were higher than in Group 2,while theβ-carotene content was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2.Theβ-ionone content was significantly higher in Group 1.Pearson Correlation Coefficient calculation between the transcription level of candidate genes(CsCCD1 and CsCCD4)and the accumulation ofβ-ionone indicated that CsCCD1 may involve in the formation ofβ-ionone in 13 cultivars.Prokaryotic expression and in vitro enzyme activity assays showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’had an amino acid mutation in carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases 1(CsCCD1)compared with‘Shuchazao’,resulting in a significantly higherβ-ionone content in‘Chuanhuang 1’.Sequence analysis showed that‘Chuanhuang 1’and‘Huangdan’had different CsCCD1 promoter sequences,leading to significantly higher CsCCD1 expression andβ-ionone accumulation in‘Chuanhuang 1’.These results indicated that the promoter and coding sequence diversity of CsCCD1 might contribute to the differential accumulation ofβ-ionone in different tea cultivars.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20499 and 32022076)+1 种基金the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG SCHW 634/34-1)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2022 M720193。
摘要Plants respond to environmental stimuli via the release of volatile organic compounds(VOCs),and neighboring plants constantly monitor and respond to these VOCs with great sensitivity and discrimination.This sensing can trigger increased plant fitness and reduce future plant damage through the priming of their own defenses.The defense mechanism in neighboring plants can either be induced by activation of the regulatory or transcriptional machinery,or it can be delayed by the absorption and storage of VOCs for the generation of an appropriate response later.Despite much research,many key questions remain on the role of VOCs in interplant communication and plant fitness.Here we review recent research on the VOCs induced by biotic(i.e.insects and pathogens)and abiotic(i.e.cold,drought,and salt)stresses,and elucidate the biosynthesis of stress-induced VOCs in tea plants.Our focus is on the role of stress-induced VOCs in complex ecological environments.Particularly,the roles of VOCs under abiotic stress are highlighted.Finally,we discuss pertinent questions and future research directions for advancing our understanding of plant interactions via VOCs.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961133030,31870678,32022076)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scientists of Anhui Province(1908085J12)the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(SCHW634/32-1 and SCHW634/34-1).
摘要Plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive in dynamic environments.Plants can communicate via volatile organic compounds(VOCs)to warn neighboring plants of threats.In most cases,VOCs act as positive regulators of plant defense.However,the communication and role of volatiles in response to drought stress are poorly understood.Here,we showed that tea plants release numerous VOCs.Among them,methyl salicylate(MeSA),benzyl alcohol,and phenethyl alcohol markedly increased under drought stress.Interestingly,further experiments revealed that drought-induced MeSA lowered the abscisic acid(ABA)content in neighboring plants by reducing 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase(NCED)gene expression,resulting in inhibition of stomatal closure and ultimately decreasing early drought tolerance in neighboring plants.Exogenous application of ABA reduced the wilting of tea plants caused by MeSA exposure.Exposure of Nicotiana benthamiana to MeSA also led to severe wilting,indicating that the ability of drought-induced MeSA to reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants may be conserved in other plant species.Taken together,these results provide evidence that drought-induced volatiles can reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants and lay a novel theoretical foundation for optimizing plant density and spacing.
摘要After the publication of this article 1,the authors became aware that the word of“tea”was not mentioned in the title.To make the title clear and complete,the word‘tea’is added to the title.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Crops Research Institute and Guangdong Academy of Agricultural(0145)the Scientific Innovation Strategy-Construction of High-Level Academy of Agriculture Science(R2019PY-JX003)Research and Development Program in Key Areas of the Guangdong Province(2021B0707010010)。
摘要Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is an important f leshy-fruited tree and a well-known medicinal plant of the Myrtaceae family that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas of the world.However,studies on the evolution and genomic breeding of R.tomentosa were hindered by the lack of a reference genome.Here,we presented a chromosome-level gap-free T2T genome assembly of R.tomentosa using PacBio and ONT long read sequencing.We assembled the genome with size of 470.35 Mb and contig N50 of∼43.80 Mb with 11 pseudochromosomes.A total of 33382 genes and 239.31 Mb of repetitive sequences were annotated in this genome.Phylogenetic analysis elucidated the independent evolution of R.tomentosa starting from 14.37MYA and shared a recent WGD event with other Myrtaceae species.We identified four major compounds of anthocyanins and their synthetic pathways in R.tomentosa.Comparative genomic and gene expression analysis suggested the coloring and high anthocyanin accumulation in R.tomentosa tends to be determined by the activation of anthocyanin synthesis pathway.The positive selection and up-regulation of MYB transcription factors were the implicit factors in this process.The copy number increase of downstream anthocyanin transport-related OMT and GST gene were also detected in R.tomentosa.Expression analysis and pathway identification enriched the importance of starch degradation,response to stimuli,effect of hormones,and cell wall metabolism during the f leshy fruit development in Myrtaceae.Our genome assembly provided a foundation for investigating the origins and differentiation of Myrtaceae species and accelerated the genetic improvement of R.tomentosa.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos.2018YFC1004300 and 2018YFC1004304)。
摘要Ethylene thiourea(ETU)converted from ethylene bisdithiocarbamate(EBDC)fungicides has aroused great concern because of its prevalence and harmful effects.Although ETU-induced neurotoxicity has been reported,the potential mechanisms remain unclear.This study provided insights into its neurotoxic effects at environmentally relevant concentrations in zebrafish.Our findings showed that embryonic exposure to ETU decreased the hatch rate and delayed somite development.Furthermore,ETU treatment significantly reduced the dark velocity in the locomotion assay.The upregulated tendency of the mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK)pathway(mknk1,atf4,mapkapk3)screened by transcriptome analysis implied motor neuron degeneration,which was validated by subsequent morphological observation,as axon length and branches were truncated in the 62.5μg/L ETU group.However,although the rescue experiment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor(SB203580)successfully ameliorated axon degeneration,it failed to reverse the locomotion behaviors.Further exploration of transcriptome data revealed the varied expression of presynaptic scaffold protein-related genes(pcloa,pclob,bsna),whose downregulation might impair the neuromuscular junction(NMJ).Therefore,we reasonably suspected that ETU-induced neurobehavioral deficits might result from the combined effects of the MAPK pathway and presynaptic proteins.Considering this,we highlighted the necessity to take precautions and early interventions for susceptible ETU-exposed populations.
基金supported by the International Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Plan of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BZ2024032)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41830105, 42201135)。
摘要The High Mountain Asia(HMA) hosts the largest and most extensive mid-to low-latitude mountain glaciers,forming a crucial part of the “Asian Water Tower”.The temporal span of remote sensing data in previous regional glacier inventories impacts quantitative estimates in glaciological studies.Remote sensing big data,including cloud-free Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 optical imagery,along with Sentinel-1 SAR data during the ablation period from July to September 2020,were utilized to generate a new time-stamped glacier inventory for the HMA(HMAGI-2020).Glacier outlines were automatically delineated using a VGG16-UNET deep learning model,leveraging unique spectral,polarization,and topographic characteristics as inputs,achieving an accuracy of up to 92.8%.The automated results were segmented based on existing glacier inventories,followed by manual corrections conducted primarily using Sentinel-2,supplemented by Landsat-8 in areas covered by optical imagery.A total of 93043 glaciers were manually corrected,and 15 attributes,including area,perimeter,and terrain parameters derived from the Copernicus DEM,were calculated for each glacier.The HMAGI-2020 includes 97934 glaciers whose area is larger than 0.01 km2,covering an area of 91837.77±2527.70 km2.The mean uncertainty of glacier delineation was calculated to be ±6.67% using a buffer-zone method combined with the VGG16-UNET.Across the HMA,the average glacier surface elevation is approximately 5094 m,with an average slope of 25.66°.Over 75% of glaciers are oriented toward the south,southwest,or southeast.Comparison with previous glacier inventories revealed a retreat of HMA glaciers over the past two decades,with glacier area reductions exceeding 20% in the southeastern HMA.In contrast,the Karakoram-West Kunlun region remains relatively stable,with only a slight area increase of less than 1%.Due to its advantages in data source consistency and temporal precision,the HMAGI-2020 is regarded as providing accurate glacier boundaries and attributes in 2020.This inventory is expected to provide essential data support for research on glaciology,climate change,and water resource management of the HMA in the context of global change.
基金Supported by Technology Project of Yunnan Tobacco Monopoly Bureau(201-5YN25)
摘要Using the method in Biodiversity Risk and Opportunity Assessment Handbook of British American Tobacco Biodiversity Partnership,we assess biodiversity risks and opportunities in BAT and China's cooperative tobacco-growing areas. The assessment results indicate that there are 8 risks and 1 opportunity. Action and monitoring plans have been made for medium and high risks as well as opportunity,to reduce impact on biodiversity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000601)National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(31961133030,31870678)Science Fundfor Distinguished Young Scientists of Anhui Province(1908085J12).
摘要Plants have evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms to overcome their sessile nature.However,if and how volatiles from cold‐stressed plants can trigger interplant communication is still unknown.Here,we provide the first evidence for interplant communication via inducible volatiles in cold stress.The volatiles,including nerolidol,geraniol,linalool,and methyl salicylate,emitted from cold‐stressed tea plants play key role(s)in priming cold tolerance of their neighbors via a C‐repeatbinding factors‐dependent pathway.The knowledge will help us to understand how plants respond to volatile cues in cold stress and agricultural ecosystems.
基金supported by Finance Science and Technology Project of Hainan Province[number ZDYF2021SHFZ103]and Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences[number XDA19090123].
摘要As one of the most severe natural disasters in the world,floods caused substantial economic losses and casualties every year.Timely and accurate acquisition of flood inundation extent could provide technical support for relevant departments in the field of flood emergency response and disaster relief.Given the accuracy of existing research works extracting flood inundation extent based on Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images and deep learning methods is relatively low,this study utilized Sentinel-1 SAR images as the data source and proposed a novel model named flood water body extraction convolutional neural network(FWENet)for flood information extraction.Then three classical semantic segmentation models(UNet,Deeplab v3 and UNet++)and two traditional water body extraction methods(Otsu global thresholding method and Object-Oriented method)were compared with the FWENet model.Furthermore,this paper analyzed the water body area change situations of Poyang Lake.The main results of this paper were as follows:Compared with other five water body extraction methods,the FWENet model achieved the highest water body extraction accuracy,its F1 score and mean intersection over union(mIoU)were 0.9871 and 0.9808,respectively.This study could guarantee the subsequent research on flood extraction based on SAR images.