Lumpy skin disease(LSD),a highly contagious viral infection caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus(LSDV),has caused severe economic losses.We analyzed three representative outbreaks in 2024,combining clinical,histopatholo...Lumpy skin disease(LSD),a highly contagious viral infection caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus(LSDV),has caused severe economic losses.We analyzed three representative outbreaks in 2024,combining clinical,histopathological,serological,and molecular data to refine regional control strategies.According to our findings,affected cattle presented with generalized cutaneous nodules,fever and peripheral edema;one-third of in-contact animals remained clinically normal yet seroconverted within ten days.Antibody titers peaked at approximately 20 d post-onset and were accompanied by persistent viral DNA in saliva,ocular secretions and skin scabs.Histology revealed alveolar septal edema,hepatocellular ballooning,and glomerular necrosis,whereas biochemical profiling revealed hypalbuminemia,hyperglobulinemia,and elevated alanine aminotransferase in one patient.Immunohistochemistry revealed intense LSDV antigen in the spleen,alveolar septa of the lung,and throughout the dermis of the skin nodules,identifying these tissues as the most reliable diagnostic targets.The combined findings confirm active viral replication in cutaneous,respiratory and lymphoid tissues,highlight the occurrence of subclinical infection and underscore the value of paired serology and PCR for herd screening.Prompt isolation,vector control and vaccination with homol-ogous capripox vaccines are recommended to curtail transmission and economic impact.展开更多
Developing efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts is critical for advanced rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Here,we report a substrate-free spatial separation pyrolytic deposition strategy to synthesize highly d...Developing efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts is critical for advanced rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Here,we report a substrate-free spatial separation pyrolytic deposition strategy to synthesize highly dispersed metal nanoparticles(iron(Fe),cobalt(Co),nickel(Ni),and their alloys) embedded in Ndoped carbon matrices(M@NC).By spatially separating precursor decomposition and product deposition,this method achieves controlled growth of carbon nanotubes with uniformly distributed nanoparticles while preventing metal and carbon aggregation.Among mono-/bimetallic composites,FeNi@NC catalyst emerges as a superior bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst,achieving a low potential gap(DE = 0.81 V) for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in 0.1 mol·L-1KOH.The excellent bifunctionality is attributed to Fe-Ni alloy-induced electronic modulation and interfacial charge transfer between the alloy core and graphitic carbon shell.When integrated into ZABs,Fe Ni@NC catalyst demonstrates a peak power density of 234 mW·cm-2 and exceptional cycling stability(>700 cycles),outperforming Pt/C + RuO2.Systematic studies reveal that bimetallic synergy reduces nanoparticle size and enhances CNT growth,while excessive metal loading or ternary systems degrade performance.XPS analyses confirm the critical roles of pyridinic/graphitic N and M-N-C covalent bonds in stabilizing active sites.This work provides a scalable synthesis paradigm and mechanistic insights into compositionstructure-activity relationships.展开更多
The radiative Euler equations is a typical model describing the motion of astrophysical flows.For its mathematical studies,it is now well-understood that the radiation effect can indeed induce some dissipative mechani...The radiative Euler equations is a typical model describing the motion of astrophysical flows.For its mathematical studies,it is now well-understood that the radiation effect can indeed induce some dissipative mechanism,which can guarantee the global regularity of smooth solutions to the radiative Euler equations for small initial data.Thus a problem of interest is to see to what extent does the viscosity and/or thermal conductivity influence the global regularity of smooth solutions to the one-dimensional radiative Euler equations for large initial data.For results in this direction,it is shown in[30]that,for a class of state equations,even if a special class of thermal conductivity is further added to the radiative Euler equations,its smooth solutions will still blow up in finite time for large initial data.The main purpose of this paper focuses on the case when both viscosity and thermal conductivity are considered.We first show that,for the state equations and the heat conductivity considered in[30],if the viscosity is further taken into account,the corresponding radiative Navier-Stokes equations does admit a unique global smooth solution for any large initial data provided that the viscosity is a smooth function of the density satisfying certain growth conditions as the density tends to zero and infinity.Moreover,we also show that similar result still holds for the case when the thermodynamics variables satisfy the state equations for ideal polytropic gases,the heat conductivity takes the form studied in[30],and the viscosity is assumed to satisfy the same conditions imposed in the first result.展开更多
Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with their ultrahigh specific surface area,uniformly distributed pores,and tunable structures,are promising candidates for next-generation active electrode materials in lithium-ion batte...Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with their ultrahigh specific surface area,uniformly distributed pores,and tunable structures,are promising candidates for next-generation active electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,their application is hindered by poor cycling stability due to structural collapse during charge-discharge cycles.To address this issue,we developed an alloy and multi-solvent thermal method strategy to synthesize Co/Zn bimetallic MOFs based on Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid(NTCA).The resulting petal-like Co/Zn-NTCA MOF demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance.The incorporation of zinc ions not only significantly enhances cycling stability but also markedly increases the specific capacity of the anode material.At a current density of 200 mA·g-1,the Co/Zn(2:1)-NTCA MOF demonstrated an impressive reversible capacity of 956 mA·h·g-1 after 150 cycles.Even after 500 cycles,the specific capacity of the electrode remained high,with a value of 438 mA·h·g-1 at a current density of 1000 A·g-1.展开更多
To effectively enhanced structural stability and cycling performance,a dual carbon protection strategy is proposed to fabricate Si nanoparticles encapsulated in citric acid(CA)-derived inner carbon layer and zeolitic ...To effectively enhanced structural stability and cycling performance,a dual carbon protection strategy is proposed to fabricate Si nanoparticles encapsulated in citric acid(CA)-derived inner carbon layer and zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67) derived outer carbon layer(Si@C-CA@c-ZIF).The results reveal that citric acid-derived carbon facilitates a uniform ZIF-67 coating on the Si surface and serves as the inner carbon precursor to reduce volumetric expansion of Si particles,more importantly,it can enhance the transport of electrons and ions between Si particles and ZIF-67-derived carbon.The ZIF-67-derived outer carbon layer further restricts Si particle expansion and enhances conductivity.Evaluated as anode material for lithium ion batteries,the Si@C-CA@c-ZIF anode demonstrates outstanding lithium storage performance,the high specific capacity is high to 924 m A·h·g-1at 1.0 A·g-1 after 10 cycles of activation,and it still maintains a reversible capacity of 703.3 m A·h·g-1 after 1000 cycles,along with a capacity retention of 76.1%.This work highlights the effectiveness of the dual carbon framework in addressing the volume expansion and conductivity limitations of Si,with potential applications for other high-capacity anode materials.展开更多
To solve the serious volume expansion problem of Sb-based anode materials in the alloying/dealloying process,a strategy combining electrospinning and hydrogen reduction is proposed to prepare a series of Sb-based allo...To solve the serious volume expansion problem of Sb-based anode materials in the alloying/dealloying process,a strategy combining electrospinning and hydrogen reduction is proposed to prepare a series of Sb-based alloys/carbon nanofiber composites(SbM/CNFs,M=Co,Zn,Ni).Inactive elements are innovatively introduced to form Sb based alloys with enhanced stability.The results show that the content of SbCo nanoparticles is high to 69.12%(mass),which are uniformly dispersed in carbon fibers.When evaluated as anode material for SIBs,SbCo/CNFs anode exhibits excellent sodium storage capacity,the initial discharge capacity is 580.0 mA h·g-1at 0.1 A g-1,which can hold 483.5 mA h·g-1after 100 cycles.Even the current density increases to 1.0 A g-1,the specific capacity still maintains at 344.5 mA h·g-1after 150 cycles.The improved sodium storage capacity is attributed to the synergistic effect of conductive carbon fibers and SbCo nanoparticles with uniform dispersion,which not only provide excellent electronic conductivity,but also enhance structural stability to reduce volume change.展开更多
Automatic analysis of student behavior in classrooms has gained importance with the rise of smart education and vision technologies.However,the limited real-time accuracy of existing methods severely constrains their ...Automatic analysis of student behavior in classrooms has gained importance with the rise of smart education and vision technologies.However,the limited real-time accuracy of existing methods severely constrains their practical classroom deployment.To address this issue of low accuracy,we propose an improved YOLOv11-based detector that integrates CARAFE upsampling,DySnakeConv,DyHead,and SMFA fusion modules.This new model for real-time classroom behavior detection captures fine-grained student behaviors with low latency.Additionally,we have developed a visualization system that presents data through intuitive dashboards.This system enables teachers to dynamically grasp classroom engagement by tracking student participation and involvement.The enhanced YOLOv11 model achieves an mAP@0.5 of 87.2%on the evaluated datasets,surpassing baseline models.This significance lies in two aspects.First,it provides a practical technical route for deployable live classroom behavior monitoring and engagement feedback systems.Second,by integrating this proposed system,educators could make data-informed and fine-grained teaching decisions,ultimately improving instructional quality and learning outcomes.展开更多
With the increasing concerns to energy shortage and environmental problems in modern society,the development of cheap,clean,and sustainable energy alternatives has been attracting tremendous attention globally.Among v...With the increasing concerns to energy shortage and environmental problems in modern society,the development of cheap,clean,and sustainable energy alternatives has been attracting tremendous attention globally.Among various strategies of renewable energy exploration,solar-driven water splitting into its compositional elements H2 and O2 is an ideal approach to convert and store renewable solar energy into chemical bonds.In recent few decades,as an emerging new type of catalysts,polyoxometalates(POMs)have been widely utilized for water splitting due to their versatile synthetic methodology and highly tunable physicochemical and photochemical properties.This critical review addresses the research advances of light-driven hydrogen evolution using polyoxometalate-based catalysts,including plenary POMs,transition-metal-substituted POMs,POM@MOF composites,and POM-semiconductor hybrids,under UV,near UV and visible light irradiation.In addition,the catalytic mechanism for each reaction system has been thoroughly discussed and summarized.Finally,a comprehensive outlook of this research area is also prospected.展开更多
In this paper,we report the synthesis and characterization of a wheel-shaped icosanuclear Cu-containing polyoxometalate(POM),K12Li13[Cu20Cl(OH)24(H2O)12(P8W48O184)]·22H2O(K12Li_(1...In this paper,we report the synthesis and characterization of a wheel-shaped icosanuclear Cu-containing polyoxometalate(POM),K12Li13[Cu20Cl(OH)24(H2O)12(P8W48O184)]·22H2O(K12Li13-Cu20P8W48).The resulting cation-exchanged tetrabutylammonium salt of the polyoxoanion Cu20P8W48(TBA-Cu20P8W48)exhibits high efficiency for visible-light-driven H2 production in the presence of an[Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)][PF6]photosensitizer and a triethanolamine electron donor.Under optimal conditions,the turnover number for H2 production reaches~2892 after 5 h of photocatalysis and thereafter continuously increases to~13400 in a long-term 120 h reaction,representing the best performance among all reported transition-metal-substituted POM catalysts.Mechanistic studies confirm the existence of reductive and oxidative quenching processes,of which the reductive quenching pathway is dominant.Various stability tests demonstrate that the TBA-Cu20P8W48 catalyst slowly dissociates Cu ions under turnover conditions;however,both the starting TBA-Cu20P8W48 and its molecular decomposition products are dominant active species for efficient and long-term H2 production.展开更多
The properties of layered double hydroxides(LDHs),including the adjustability of cations in host layers,exchangeability of anions between layers,and tunability of the crystal structure,render them unique characteristi...The properties of layered double hydroxides(LDHs),including the adjustability of cations in host layers,exchangeability of anions between layers,and tunability of the crystal structure,render them unique characteristics in preparation and applications.Relating to the structural characteristics of LDHs,this work analyzes the research status,advantages and disadvantages of the synthetic methods for LDHs,including hydrothermal,electrodeposition,co-precipitation and anion exchange methods.In addition,the application status and prospects are reviewed,such as photo/electrocatalysis,electrochemical energy storage,magnetic materials,pollutant adsorption,and other fields.Lastly,the critical issues and solutions in the developing process of LDHs are analyzed and proposed.展开更多
To improve the efficiency of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in zinc-air batteries(ZABs),an adsorption-complexation-calcination method was proposed to generate cobalt-based multicomponent nanoparticles comprisi...To improve the efficiency of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in zinc-air batteries(ZABs),an adsorption-complexation-calcination method was proposed to generate cobalt-based multicomponent nanoparticles comprising Co,Co3O4and CoN,as well as numerous N heteroatoms,on graphene nanosheets(Co/Co3O4/CoN/NG).The Co/Co3O4/CoN nanoparticles with the size of less than 50 nm are homogeneously dispersed on N-doped graphene(NG)substrate,which greatly improve the catalytic behaviors for ORR.The results show that the half-wave potential is as high as 0.80 V vs.RHE and the limiting current density is 4.60 mA·cm−2,which are close to those of commercially available platinum/carbon(Pt/C)catalysts.Applying as cathodic catalyst for ZABs,the battery shows large specific capacity and open circuit voltage of 843.0 mAh∙g−1 and 1.41 V,respectively.The excellent performance is attributed to the efficient two-dimensional structure with high accessible surface area and the numerous multiple active sites provided by highly scattered Co/Co3O4/CoN particles and doped nitrogen on the carbon matrix.展开更多
To solve low efficiency,environmental pollution,and toxicity for synthesizing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)in organic solvents,a KOH-assisted aqueous strategy is proposed to synthesize bimetallic ZIFs polyhedr...To solve low efficiency,environmental pollution,and toxicity for synthesizing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)in organic solvents,a KOH-assisted aqueous strategy is proposed to synthesize bimetallic ZIFs polyhedrons,which are used as precursors to prepare bimetallic selenide and N-doped carbon(NC)composites.Among them,Fe–Co–Se/NC retains the three-dimensional(3D)polyhedrons with mesoporous structure,and Fe–Co–Se nanoparticles are uniform in size and evenly distributed.When assessed as anode material for lithium-ion batteries,Fe–Co–Se/NC achieves an excellent initial specific capacity of 1165.9 m Ah·g-1at 1.0 A·g-1,and the reversible capacity of Fe–Co–Se/NC anode is 1247.4 m Ah·g-1after 550 cycles.It is attributed to that the uniform composite of bimetallic selenides and N-doped carbon can effectively tune redox active sites,the stable 3D structure of Fe–Co–Se/NCs guarantees the structural stability and wettability of the electrolyte,and the uniform distribution of Fe–Co–S nanoparticles in size esuppresses the volume expansion and accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics.展开更多
"Shuttle effect" is detrimental for maintaining the high capacity and cycling reversibility of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).To inhibit polysulfide migration,N-doped carbon nanofibers(N-CNFs) membrane compr..."Shuttle effect" is detrimental for maintaining the high capacity and cycling reversibility of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).To inhibit polysulfide migration,N-doped carbon nanofibers(N-CNFs) membrane comprising TiO2nanoparticles(TiO2/N-CNFs) is fabricated using an electrospinning-calcination method and further applied as interlayer in LSBs.The TiO2/N-CNFs interlayer helps the battery to deliver a high specific capacity of 1155.2 mA·h·g-1at 0.2 C with high Coulombic efficiency,good rate capability and stability.When cycling at 0.5 C,a capacity retention rate of 62.4% is achieved over 300 cycles,which is higher than that of CNFs and TiO2/CNFs counterparts.The excellent performance should mainly be attributed to the alleviated "shuttle effect" deriving from high polysulfide trapping ability of TiO2nanoparticles and N heteroatoms in interwoven CNFs.展开更多
Digital watermarking technology is adequate for copyright protection and content authentication.There needs to be more research on the watermarking algorithm after printing and scanning.Aiming at the problem that exis...Digital watermarking technology is adequate for copyright protection and content authentication.There needs to be more research on the watermarking algorithm after printing and scanning.Aiming at the problem that existing anti-print scanning text image watermarking algorithms cannot take into account the invisibility and robustness of the watermark,an anti-print scanning watermarking algorithm suitable for text images is proposed.This algorithm first performs a series of image enhancement preprocessing operations on the printed scanned image to eliminate the interference of incorrect bit information on watermark embedding and then uses a combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT)-Singular Value Decomposition(SVD)to embed the watermark.Experiments show that the average Normalized Correlation(NC)of the watermark extracted by this algorithm against attacks such as Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPEG)compression,JPEG2000 compression,and print scanning is above 0.93.Especially,the average NC of the watermark extracted after print scanning attacks is greater than 0.964,and the average Bit Error Ratio(BER)is 5.15%.This indicates that this algorithm has strong resistance to various attacks and print scanning attacks and can better take into account the invisibility of the watermark.展开更多
The trusted sharing of Electronic Health Records(EHRs)can realize the efficient use of medical data resources.Generally speaking,EHRs are widely used in blockchain-based medical data platforms.EHRs are valuable privat...The trusted sharing of Electronic Health Records(EHRs)can realize the efficient use of medical data resources.Generally speaking,EHRs are widely used in blockchain-based medical data platforms.EHRs are valuable private assets of patients,and the ownership belongs to patients.While recent research has shown that patients can freely and effectively delete the EHRs stored in hospitals,it does not address the challenge of record sharing when patients revisit doctors.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a deletion and recovery scheme of EHRs based on Medical Certificate Blockchain.This paper uses cross-chain technology to connect the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the Hospital Blockchain to real-ize the recovery of deleted EHRs.At the same time,this paper uses the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)to store Personal Health Records,which are generated by patients visiting different medical institutions.In addition,this paper also combines digital watermarking technology to ensure the authenticity of the restored electronic medical records.Under the combined effect of blockchain technology and digital watermarking,our proposal will not be affected by any other rights throughout the process.System analysis and security analysis illustrate the completeness and feasibility of the scheme.展开更多
To enhance the thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin(EP),beta-cyclodextrin(β-CD)is successfully introduced into the layered tin phenylphosphonate(SnPP),which is incorporated into EP matrix for prepari...To enhance the thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin(EP),beta-cyclodextrin(β-CD)is successfully introduced into the layered tin phenylphosphonate(SnPP),which is incorporated into EP matrix for preparing EP/β-CD@SnPP composites.The results indicate that the addition ofβ-CD@SnPP obviously improve the thermal stability and residual yield of EP composites at higher temperature.When the amount ofβ-CD@SnPP is only 4 wt%,EP/4β-CD@SnPP composites pass V-1 rating,and LOI value is up to 30.8%.Meanwhile,β-CD@SnPP effectively suppress the heat release and reduce the smoke production of EP/β-CD@SnPP composites in combustion,and the peak heat release rate(PHRR),total heat release(THR),smoke production rate(SPR)of EP/6β-CD@SnPP composites reduce by 28.4%,33.0%and 44.8%by comparison with those of pure EP.The good flame retardancy and smoke suppression are ascribed to the synergistic effect of excellent carbon-forming capability and fire retardancy ofβ-CD@SnPP.展开更多
In recent years,the importance of microorganisms for plant survival has been increasingly recognized.Endophytic fungi,as part of holobiont,can confer growth advantages to plants.Most studies have shown that the endoph...In recent years,the importance of microorganisms for plant survival has been increasingly recognized.Endophytic fungi,as part of holobiont,can confer growth advantages to plants.Most studies have shown that the endophytic fungi of forest trees can promote host plant growth,increase adversity resistance,and thus improve the survival competitiveness of forest trees.However,the beneficial examples of endophytic fungi on the growth and development of woody plants have not been systematically summarized.This review is focused on various aspects of beneficial endophytic fungi in forest trees(definition,classification,colonization mechanisms,etc.),with an emphasis on their beneficial roles in woody plant growth,protection against biotic and abiotic stresses,as well as the response of forest trees to endophytic fungi.In addition,this review lists a series of experiments on screening beneficial endophytic fungi from Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)and verifying their beneficial functions,to explore the mutualistic relationships between them.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the study of beneficial endophytic fungi in forest trees in the future but also sheds light on the molecular perspectives for a mechanistic understanding of their potential future significance for the sustainable utilization of forest resources and ecological environment protection.展开更多
To solve the volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity of germanium-based anode materials,GeGO/CNTs nanocomposites with three-dimensional network structure are fabricated through the dispersion of polyethylene...To solve the volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity of germanium-based anode materials,GeGO/CNTs nanocomposites with three-dimensional network structure are fabricated through the dispersion of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol(F127)and reduction of hydrogen.An interesting phenomenon is discovered that F127 can break GeO2polycrystalline microparticles into 100 nm nanoparticles by only physical interaction,which promotes the uniform dispersion of GeO2in a carbon network structure composed of graphene(rGO)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs).As evaluated as anode material of Lithium-ion batteries,GeGO/CNTs nanocomposites exhibit excellent lithium storage performance.The initial specific capacity is high to 1549.7 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g,and the reversible capacity still retains972.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles.The improved lithium storage performance is attributed to that Ge nanoparticles can effectively slow down the volume expansion during charge and discharge processes,and threedimensional carbon networks can improve electrical conductivity and accelerate lithium-ion transfer of anode materials.展开更多
To solve the environmental pollution and low yield during the sythesis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)and their derived materials,a KOH-assisted aqueous strategy is proposed to synthesize cobalt zeolitic imid...To solve the environmental pollution and low yield during the sythesis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)and their derived materials,a KOH-assisted aqueous strategy is proposed to synthesize cobalt zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF-67)polyhedrons,which are used as precursors to prepare cobalt selenide/carbon composites with different crystal phases(Co0.85Se,CoSe_2).When evaluated as anode material for lithium ion batteries,Co0.85Se/C composites deliver a reversible capacity of 758.7 m A·h·g-1with a capacity retention rate of 90.5%at 1.0 A·g-1after 500 cycles,and the superior rate capability is 620 m A·h·g-1at 2.0 A·g-1.The addition of KOH accelerates the production of ZIF-67 crystals by boosting deprotonation of dimethylimidazole,resulting in rapid growth and structures transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional of ZIF-67 in aqueous solution,which greatly promotes the application of MOFs in the field of energy storage and conversion.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (#2022YFD1800701)The LIJIANG Joint Expert Studio of Guo Aizhen,Zhang Meiyan and Li Weijuan (20233335C02)the Chinese Agricultural Research System of MOF and MARA (#CARS-37)
摘要Lumpy skin disease(LSD),a highly contagious viral infection caused by Lumpy Skin Disease Virus(LSDV),has caused severe economic losses.We analyzed three representative outbreaks in 2024,combining clinical,histopathological,serological,and molecular data to refine regional control strategies.According to our findings,affected cattle presented with generalized cutaneous nodules,fever and peripheral edema;one-third of in-contact animals remained clinically normal yet seroconverted within ten days.Antibody titers peaked at approximately 20 d post-onset and were accompanied by persistent viral DNA in saliva,ocular secretions and skin scabs.Histology revealed alveolar septal edema,hepatocellular ballooning,and glomerular necrosis,whereas biochemical profiling revealed hypalbuminemia,hyperglobulinemia,and elevated alanine aminotransferase in one patient.Immunohistochemistry revealed intense LSDV antigen in the spleen,alveolar septa of the lung,and throughout the dermis of the skin nodules,identifying these tissues as the most reliable diagnostic targets.The combined findings confirm active viral replication in cutaneous,respiratory and lymphoid tissues,highlight the occurrence of subclinical infection and underscore the value of paired serology and PCR for herd screening.Prompt isolation,vector control and vaccination with homol-ogous capripox vaccines are recommended to curtail transmission and economic impact.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52202243,52102260,22379056)。
摘要Developing efficient bifunctional oxygen catalysts is critical for advanced rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Here,we report a substrate-free spatial separation pyrolytic deposition strategy to synthesize highly dispersed metal nanoparticles(iron(Fe),cobalt(Co),nickel(Ni),and their alloys) embedded in Ndoped carbon matrices(M@NC).By spatially separating precursor decomposition and product deposition,this method achieves controlled growth of carbon nanotubes with uniformly distributed nanoparticles while preventing metal and carbon aggregation.Among mono-/bimetallic composites,FeNi@NC catalyst emerges as a superior bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst,achieving a low potential gap(DE = 0.81 V) for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in 0.1 mol·L-1KOH.The excellent bifunctionality is attributed to Fe-Ni alloy-induced electronic modulation and interfacial charge transfer between the alloy core and graphitic carbon shell.When integrated into ZABs,Fe Ni@NC catalyst demonstrates a peak power density of 234 mW·cm-2 and exceptional cycling stability(>700 cycles),outperforming Pt/C + RuO2.Systematic studies reveal that bimetallic synergy reduces nanoparticle size and enhances CNT growth,while excessive metal loading or ternary systems degrade performance.XPS analyses confirm the critical roles of pyridinic/graphitic N and M-N-C covalent bonds in stabilizing active sites.This work provides a scalable synthesis paradigm and mechanistic insights into compositionstructure-activity relationships.
基金supported by the NSFC(12001495)supported by the NSFC(12221001,12371225)the Science and Technology Department of Hubei Province(2020DFH002)。
摘要The radiative Euler equations is a typical model describing the motion of astrophysical flows.For its mathematical studies,it is now well-understood that the radiation effect can indeed induce some dissipative mechanism,which can guarantee the global regularity of smooth solutions to the radiative Euler equations for small initial data.Thus a problem of interest is to see to what extent does the viscosity and/or thermal conductivity influence the global regularity of smooth solutions to the one-dimensional radiative Euler equations for large initial data.For results in this direction,it is shown in[30]that,for a class of state equations,even if a special class of thermal conductivity is further added to the radiative Euler equations,its smooth solutions will still blow up in finite time for large initial data.The main purpose of this paper focuses on the case when both viscosity and thermal conductivity are considered.We first show that,for the state equations and the heat conductivity considered in[30],if the viscosity is further taken into account,the corresponding radiative Navier-Stokes equations does admit a unique global smooth solution for any large initial data provided that the viscosity is a smooth function of the density satisfying certain growth conditions as the density tends to zero and infinity.Moreover,we also show that similar result still holds for the case when the thermodynamics variables satisfy the state equations for ideal polytropic gases,the heat conductivity takes the form studied in[30],and the viscosity is assumed to satisfy the same conditions imposed in the first result.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youths(21701059)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Youths(BK20170571)support from the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX24_2600).
摘要Metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),with their ultrahigh specific surface area,uniformly distributed pores,and tunable structures,are promising candidates for next-generation active electrode materials in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,their application is hindered by poor cycling stability due to structural collapse during charge-discharge cycles.To address this issue,we developed an alloy and multi-solvent thermal method strategy to synthesize Co/Zn bimetallic MOFs based on Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid(NTCA).The resulting petal-like Co/Zn-NTCA MOF demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance.The incorporation of zinc ions not only significantly enhances cycling stability but also markedly increases the specific capacity of the anode material.At a current density of 200 mA·g-1,the Co/Zn(2:1)-NTCA MOF demonstrated an impressive reversible capacity of 956 mA·h·g-1 after 150 cycles.Even after 500 cycles,the specific capacity of the electrode remained high,with a value of 438 mA·h·g-1 at a current density of 1000 A·g-1.
基金financially supported by Industry foresight and common key technology research in Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Special Project from Zhenjiang city (CG2023003)National Natural Science Foundation of China (22379056,22409076)。
摘要To effectively enhanced structural stability and cycling performance,a dual carbon protection strategy is proposed to fabricate Si nanoparticles encapsulated in citric acid(CA)-derived inner carbon layer and zeolitic imidazolate framework-67(ZIF-67) derived outer carbon layer(Si@C-CA@c-ZIF).The results reveal that citric acid-derived carbon facilitates a uniform ZIF-67 coating on the Si surface and serves as the inner carbon precursor to reduce volumetric expansion of Si particles,more importantly,it can enhance the transport of electrons and ions between Si particles and ZIF-67-derived carbon.The ZIF-67-derived outer carbon layer further restricts Si particle expansion and enhances conductivity.Evaluated as anode material for lithium ion batteries,the Si@C-CA@c-ZIF anode demonstrates outstanding lithium storage performance,the high specific capacity is high to 924 m A·h·g-1at 1.0 A·g-1 after 10 cycles of activation,and it still maintains a reversible capacity of 703.3 m A·h·g-1 after 1000 cycles,along with a capacity retention of 76.1%.This work highlights the effectiveness of the dual carbon framework in addressing the volume expansion and conductivity limitations of Si,with potential applications for other high-capacity anode materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379056,22479065)Industry foresight and common key technology research in Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Special Project from Zhenjiang city(CG2023003)+1 种基金Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province(BY20230347)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(24KJB150008).
摘要To solve the serious volume expansion problem of Sb-based anode materials in the alloying/dealloying process,a strategy combining electrospinning and hydrogen reduction is proposed to prepare a series of Sb-based alloys/carbon nanofiber composites(SbM/CNFs,M=Co,Zn,Ni).Inactive elements are innovatively introduced to form Sb based alloys with enhanced stability.The results show that the content of SbCo nanoparticles is high to 69.12%(mass),which are uniformly dispersed in carbon fibers.When evaluated as anode material for SIBs,SbCo/CNFs anode exhibits excellent sodium storage capacity,the initial discharge capacity is 580.0 mA h·g-1at 0.1 A g-1,which can hold 483.5 mA h·g-1after 100 cycles.Even the current density increases to 1.0 A g-1,the specific capacity still maintains at 344.5 mA h·g-1after 150 cycles.The improved sodium storage capacity is attributed to the synergistic effect of conductive carbon fibers and SbCo nanoparticles with uniform dispersion,which not only provide excellent electronic conductivity,but also enhance structural stability to reduce volume change.
摘要Automatic analysis of student behavior in classrooms has gained importance with the rise of smart education and vision technologies.However,the limited real-time accuracy of existing methods severely constrains their practical classroom deployment.To address this issue of low accuracy,we propose an improved YOLOv11-based detector that integrates CARAFE upsampling,DySnakeConv,DyHead,and SMFA fusion modules.This new model for real-time classroom behavior detection captures fine-grained student behaviors with low latency.Additionally,we have developed a visualization system that presents data through intuitive dashboards.This system enables teachers to dynamically grasp classroom engagement by tracking student participation and involvement.The enhanced YOLOv11 model achieves an mAP@0.5 of 87.2%on the evaluated datasets,surpassing baseline models.This significance lies in two aspects.First,it provides a practical technical route for deployable live classroom behavior monitoring and engagement feedback systems.Second,by integrating this proposed system,educators could make data-informed and fine-grained teaching decisions,ultimately improving instructional quality and learning outcomes.
摘要With the increasing concerns to energy shortage and environmental problems in modern society,the development of cheap,clean,and sustainable energy alternatives has been attracting tremendous attention globally.Among various strategies of renewable energy exploration,solar-driven water splitting into its compositional elements H2 and O2 is an ideal approach to convert and store renewable solar energy into chemical bonds.In recent few decades,as an emerging new type of catalysts,polyoxometalates(POMs)have been widely utilized for water splitting due to their versatile synthetic methodology and highly tunable physicochemical and photochemical properties.This critical review addresses the research advances of light-driven hydrogen evolution using polyoxometalate-based catalysts,including plenary POMs,transition-metal-substituted POMs,POM@MOF composites,and POM-semiconductor hybrids,under UV,near UV and visible light irradiation.In addition,the catalytic mechanism for each reaction system has been thoroughly discussed and summarized.Finally,a comprehensive outlook of this research area is also prospected.
摘要In this paper,we report the synthesis and characterization of a wheel-shaped icosanuclear Cu-containing polyoxometalate(POM),K12Li13[Cu20Cl(OH)24(H2O)12(P8W48O184)]·22H2O(K12Li13-Cu20P8W48).The resulting cation-exchanged tetrabutylammonium salt of the polyoxoanion Cu20P8W48(TBA-Cu20P8W48)exhibits high efficiency for visible-light-driven H2 production in the presence of an[Ir(ppy)2(dtbbpy)][PF6]photosensitizer and a triethanolamine electron donor.Under optimal conditions,the turnover number for H2 production reaches~2892 after 5 h of photocatalysis and thereafter continuously increases to~13400 in a long-term 120 h reaction,representing the best performance among all reported transition-metal-substituted POM catalysts.Mechanistic studies confirm the existence of reductive and oxidative quenching processes,of which the reductive quenching pathway is dominant.Various stability tests demonstrate that the TBA-Cu20P8W48 catalyst slowly dissociates Cu ions under turnover conditions;however,both the starting TBA-Cu20P8W48 and its molecular decomposition products are dominant active species for efficient and long-term H2 production.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102100)Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province(No.BY2021525)Key Research and Development Program(Social Development)of Zhenjiang City(No.SH2019009)。
摘要The properties of layered double hydroxides(LDHs),including the adjustability of cations in host layers,exchangeability of anions between layers,and tunability of the crystal structure,render them unique characteristics in preparation and applications.Relating to the structural characteristics of LDHs,this work analyzes the research status,advantages and disadvantages of the synthetic methods for LDHs,including hydrothermal,electrodeposition,co-precipitation and anion exchange methods.In addition,the application status and prospects are reviewed,such as photo/electrocatalysis,electrochemical energy storage,magnetic materials,pollutant adsorption,and other fields.Lastly,the critical issues and solutions in the developing process of LDHs are analyzed and proposed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52102100)the Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province, China (No. BY2021525)the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province, China (No. SJCX22_1944)
摘要To improve the efficiency of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in zinc-air batteries(ZABs),an adsorption-complexation-calcination method was proposed to generate cobalt-based multicomponent nanoparticles comprising Co,Co3O4and CoN,as well as numerous N heteroatoms,on graphene nanosheets(Co/Co3O4/CoN/NG).The Co/Co3O4/CoN nanoparticles with the size of less than 50 nm are homogeneously dispersed on N-doped graphene(NG)substrate,which greatly improve the catalytic behaviors for ORR.The results show that the half-wave potential is as high as 0.80 V vs.RHE and the limiting current density is 4.60 mA·cm−2,which are close to those of commercially available platinum/carbon(Pt/C)catalysts.Applying as cathodic catalyst for ZABs,the battery shows large specific capacity and open circuit voltage of 843.0 mAh∙g−1 and 1.41 V,respectively.The excellent performance is attributed to the efficient two-dimensional structure with high accessible surface area and the numerous multiple active sites provided by highly scattered Co/Co3O4/CoN particles and doped nitrogen on the carbon matrix.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102100)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20181469)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2020A1515110035)。
摘要To solve low efficiency,environmental pollution,and toxicity for synthesizing zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)in organic solvents,a KOH-assisted aqueous strategy is proposed to synthesize bimetallic ZIFs polyhedrons,which are used as precursors to prepare bimetallic selenide and N-doped carbon(NC)composites.Among them,Fe–Co–Se/NC retains the three-dimensional(3D)polyhedrons with mesoporous structure,and Fe–Co–Se nanoparticles are uniform in size and evenly distributed.When assessed as anode material for lithium-ion batteries,Fe–Co–Se/NC achieves an excellent initial specific capacity of 1165.9 m Ah·g-1at 1.0 A·g-1,and the reversible capacity of Fe–Co–Se/NC anode is 1247.4 m Ah·g-1after 550 cycles.It is attributed to that the uniform composite of bimetallic selenides and N-doped carbon can effectively tune redox active sites,the stable 3D structure of Fe–Co–Se/NCs guarantees the structural stability and wettability of the electrolyte,and the uniform distribution of Fe–Co–S nanoparticles in size esuppresses the volume expansion and accelerates the electrochemical reaction kinetics.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52102100,52072330)Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province(BY2021525)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515110035)。
摘要"Shuttle effect" is detrimental for maintaining the high capacity and cycling reversibility of lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs).To inhibit polysulfide migration,N-doped carbon nanofibers(N-CNFs) membrane comprising TiO2nanoparticles(TiO2/N-CNFs) is fabricated using an electrospinning-calcination method and further applied as interlayer in LSBs.The TiO2/N-CNFs interlayer helps the battery to deliver a high specific capacity of 1155.2 mA·h·g-1at 0.2 C with high Coulombic efficiency,good rate capability and stability.When cycling at 0.5 C,a capacity retention rate of 62.4% is achieved over 300 cycles,which is higher than that of CNFs and TiO2/CNFs counterparts.The excellent performance should mainly be attributed to the alleviated "shuttle effect" deriving from high polysulfide trapping ability of TiO2nanoparticles and N heteroatoms in interwoven CNFs.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61972207,U1836208,U1836110,61672290,and the Project was through the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institution.
摘要Digital watermarking technology is adequate for copyright protection and content authentication.There needs to be more research on the watermarking algorithm after printing and scanning.Aiming at the problem that existing anti-print scanning text image watermarking algorithms cannot take into account the invisibility and robustness of the watermark,an anti-print scanning watermarking algorithm suitable for text images is proposed.This algorithm first performs a series of image enhancement preprocessing operations on the printed scanned image to eliminate the interference of incorrect bit information on watermark embedding and then uses a combination of Discrete Wavelet Transform(DWT)-Singular Value Decomposition(SVD)to embed the watermark.Experiments show that the average Normalized Correlation(NC)of the watermark extracted by this algorithm against attacks such as Joint Photographic Experts Group(JPEG)compression,JPEG2000 compression,and print scanning is above 0.93.Especially,the average NC of the watermark extracted after print scanning attacks is greater than 0.964,and the average Bit Error Ratio(BER)is 5.15%.This indicates that this algorithm has strong resistance to various attacks and print scanning attacks and can better take into account the invisibility of the watermark.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 61972207,U1836208,U1836110,61672290the Major Program of the National Social Science Fund of China under Grant No.17ZDA092+2 种基金by the National Key R&D Program of China under grant 2018YFB1003205by the Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET)fundby the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)fund.
摘要The trusted sharing of Electronic Health Records(EHRs)can realize the efficient use of medical data resources.Generally speaking,EHRs are widely used in blockchain-based medical data platforms.EHRs are valuable private assets of patients,and the ownership belongs to patients.While recent research has shown that patients can freely and effectively delete the EHRs stored in hospitals,it does not address the challenge of record sharing when patients revisit doctors.In order to solve this problem,this paper proposes a deletion and recovery scheme of EHRs based on Medical Certificate Blockchain.This paper uses cross-chain technology to connect the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the Hospital Blockchain to real-ize the recovery of deleted EHRs.At the same time,this paper uses the Medical Certificate Blockchain and the InterPlanetary File System(IPFS)to store Personal Health Records,which are generated by patients visiting different medical institutions.In addition,this paper also combines digital watermarking technology to ensure the authenticity of the restored electronic medical records.Under the combined effect of blockchain technology and digital watermarking,our proposal will not be affected by any other rights throughout the process.System analysis and security analysis illustrate the completeness and feasibility of the scheme.
基金This work was supported by Natural Science of Foundation of China(No.21807050)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20180975)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program(Social Development)of Zhenjiang City(SH2019009)Jiangsu University Student Innovation Training Project(2021102991025X).
摘要To enhance the thermal stability and flame retardancy of epoxy resin(EP),beta-cyclodextrin(β-CD)is successfully introduced into the layered tin phenylphosphonate(SnPP),which is incorporated into EP matrix for preparing EP/β-CD@SnPP composites.The results indicate that the addition ofβ-CD@SnPP obviously improve the thermal stability and residual yield of EP composites at higher temperature.When the amount ofβ-CD@SnPP is only 4 wt%,EP/4β-CD@SnPP composites pass V-1 rating,and LOI value is up to 30.8%.Meanwhile,β-CD@SnPP effectively suppress the heat release and reduce the smoke production of EP/β-CD@SnPP composites in combustion,and the peak heat release rate(PHRR),total heat release(THR),smoke production rate(SPR)of EP/6β-CD@SnPP composites reduce by 28.4%,33.0%and 44.8%by comparison with those of pure EP.The good flame retardancy and smoke suppression are ascribed to the synergistic effect of excellent carbon-forming capability and fire retardancy ofβ-CD@SnPP.
基金funding from the Youth Program of Natural Science of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2023 J05026 to Wang K)visiting Grant to Haixia Joint Center FAFU(Grant No.118/KFXH23016 to Wang K)Forestry Peak Discipline Construction Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Grant No.72202200205).
摘要In recent years,the importance of microorganisms for plant survival has been increasingly recognized.Endophytic fungi,as part of holobiont,can confer growth advantages to plants.Most studies have shown that the endophytic fungi of forest trees can promote host plant growth,increase adversity resistance,and thus improve the survival competitiveness of forest trees.However,the beneficial examples of endophytic fungi on the growth and development of woody plants have not been systematically summarized.This review is focused on various aspects of beneficial endophytic fungi in forest trees(definition,classification,colonization mechanisms,etc.),with an emphasis on their beneficial roles in woody plant growth,protection against biotic and abiotic stresses,as well as the response of forest trees to endophytic fungi.In addition,this review lists a series of experiments on screening beneficial endophytic fungi from Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata)and verifying their beneficial functions,to explore the mutualistic relationships between them.This review not only provides a theoretical basis for the study of beneficial endophytic fungi in forest trees in the future but also sheds light on the molecular perspectives for a mechanistic understanding of their potential future significance for the sustainable utilization of forest resources and ecological environment protection.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22379056,52102100)Industry foresight and common key technology research in Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Special Project from Zhenjiang city(No.CG2023003)Research and Practice Innovation Plan of Postgraduate Training Innovation Project in Jiangsu Province(No.SJCX23_2164)。
摘要To solve the volume expansion and poor electrical conductivity of germanium-based anode materials,GeGO/CNTs nanocomposites with three-dimensional network structure are fabricated through the dispersion of polyethylene-polypropylene glycol(F127)and reduction of hydrogen.An interesting phenomenon is discovered that F127 can break GeO2polycrystalline microparticles into 100 nm nanoparticles by only physical interaction,which promotes the uniform dispersion of GeO2in a carbon network structure composed of graphene(rGO)and carbon nanotubes(CNTs).As evaluated as anode material of Lithium-ion batteries,GeGO/CNTs nanocomposites exhibit excellent lithium storage performance.The initial specific capacity is high to 1549.7 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g,and the reversible capacity still retains972.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles.The improved lithium storage performance is attributed to that Ge nanoparticles can effectively slow down the volume expansion during charge and discharge processes,and threedimensional carbon networks can improve electrical conductivity and accelerate lithium-ion transfer of anode materials.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0208200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52102100,22022505 and 21872069)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20181469)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2020A1515110035)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (0205-14380266,0205-14380272)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Special Fund for Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangsu Province (BK20220008)the 2021 Suzhou Gusu Leading Talents of Science and Technology Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Wujiang District。
摘要To solve the environmental pollution and low yield during the sythesis of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)and their derived materials,a KOH-assisted aqueous strategy is proposed to synthesize cobalt zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF-67)polyhedrons,which are used as precursors to prepare cobalt selenide/carbon composites with different crystal phases(Co0.85Se,CoSe_2).When evaluated as anode material for lithium ion batteries,Co0.85Se/C composites deliver a reversible capacity of 758.7 m A·h·g-1with a capacity retention rate of 90.5%at 1.0 A·g-1after 500 cycles,and the superior rate capability is 620 m A·h·g-1at 2.0 A·g-1.The addition of KOH accelerates the production of ZIF-67 crystals by boosting deprotonation of dimethylimidazole,resulting in rapid growth and structures transition from two-dimensional to three-dimensional of ZIF-67 in aqueous solution,which greatly promotes the application of MOFs in the field of energy storage and conversion.