Satsuma mandarin(Citrus reticulata“Unshiu”)is a global cultivar with superior fruit characteristics and ranking among the top citrus cultivars in terms of production.It is also a key contributor to citrus breeding.H...Satsuma mandarin(Citrus reticulata“Unshiu”)is a global cultivar with superior fruit characteristics and ranking among the top citrus cultivars in terms of production.It is also a key contributor to citrus breeding.However,the lack of high-quality genome makes the origin of Satsuma mandarin has long been a matter of debate.Here,we assembled a gap-free,high-quality genome of Satsuma mandarin.Meanwhile,we collected and sequenced 15 indigenous citrus varieties in Zhejiang Province,12 Satsuma mandarins,21 citrus hybrids related to Satsuma mandarin,10 modern citrus varieties,and 7 other mandarins.Through high-resolution genome analysis,we inferred that Satsuma mandarin originated from a cross between C.reticulata“Ruju”×C.reticulata“Bendiguang”and proposed that Satsuma mandarin most probably originated in East area in Zhejiang Province of China,where the two parents-like cultivars are still found in a sympatric region to date.These results provide new insights into the origin model of Satsuma mandarin.The spread of mandarin is also discussed,which probably associated with the culture exchange and trade activities between Japan and China from Tang Dynasty and afterwards.展开更多
Metals and alloys with heterogeneous microstructures are an emerging class of materials that exhibit exceptional mechanical properties,owing to the novel scientific principle of hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strength...Metals and alloys with heterogeneous microstructures are an emerging class of materials that exhibit exceptional mechanical properties,owing to the novel scientific principle of hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening and hardening.For magnesium alloys,due to their low recrystallization temperature,poor ductility at room temperature,limited cold workability,and the tendency to generate strong basal texture during deformation,it is difficult to obtain heterostructures without relying on precipitation of the second phases.Here,three heterostructured Mg-2.9Y(wt.%)materials with varying accumulative equivalent true strains,i.e.,5%-5 cycles,7.5%-5 cycles,and 10%-5 cycles materials were fabricated via applying five complete triaxial compression cycles to the bulk alloy.The 5%-5 cycles material with an accumulative equivalent true strain of 0.37 is featured with long twin lamellae embedded in coarse grains.When the accumulative true strain increases to 0.72,a heterogeneous structure composed of long and short twin lamellae is formed inside the 7.5%-5 cycles material.As the equivalent true strain further increases to 1.01,the 10%-5 cycles material exhibits a mixed structure with densely refined twin lamellae embedded in the coarse-grained matrix.The room-temperature uniaxial tensile tests show that the yield strength of the materials processed by triaxial cyclic compression(TCC)has been significantly improved compared to that at the initial state,whereas ductility was not significantly sacrificed without the subsequent heat treatment.The dense and refined twin lamellae that serve as hard domains in this material provide a high density of interfaces and impede dislocation motion effectively.This results in significant HDI strengthening and hardening.These findings provide new insight into the design of heterostructured hexagonal close-packed materials with both high strength and good ductility.展开更多
A simple and rapid UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously determine gemcitabine and its L-carnitine ester derivative(2’-deoxy-2’, 2’-difluoro-N-((4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl) oxy)-4-(trimethyl amm-onio) butanoate-cytidine,...A simple and rapid UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously determine gemcitabine and its L-carnitine ester derivative(2’-deoxy-2’, 2’-difluoro-N-((4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl) oxy)-4-(trimethyl amm-onio) butanoate-cytidine, JDR) in rat plasma was developed and validated.The conventional plasma sample preparation method of nucleoside analogues is solidphase extraction(SPE) which is time-consuming and cost-expensive. In this study, gradient elution with small particles size solid phase was applied to effectively separate gemcitabine and JDR, and protein precipitation pretreatment was adopted to remove plasma protein and extract the analytes with high recovery(>81%). Method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines, and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 5–4000 ng/ml for JDR and 4–4000 ng/ml for gemcitabine, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation(LLOQ)of gemcitabine and JDR was 4 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic studies of JDR and gemcitabine after oral administration to rats.展开更多
In this study,headspace solid phase microextraction(SPME),solvent-assisted flavor evaporation(SaFE)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect the changes in aroma components of mandarin orange juice ...In this study,headspace solid phase microextraction(SPME),solvent-assisted flavor evaporation(SaFE)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect the changes in aroma components of mandarin orange juice before and after sterilization,the characteristic flavor substances were also analyzed using odor activity value,principal component analysis,and heatmap.The results showed that 149 volatile components were detected,mainly including terpenes,esters,alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones.Compared with unpasteurized juice,the SPME method measured that 38 new volatile components were produced after pasteurization,while 25 volatile components disappeared;the SAFE method measured the production of 34 volatile components after pasteurization,while 18 volatile components disappeared.β-Myrcene,D-limonene,linalool,and p-cymene were important volatile substances in mandarin orange juice.These results provide a reference for further control and detection of mandarin orange juice processing flavors.展开更多
Magnesium alloys usually exhibit poor ductility because of their limited slip systems at room temperature.To overcome this intrinsic limitation,heterostructure design has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing...Magnesium alloys usually exhibit poor ductility because of their limited slip systems at room temperature.To overcome this intrinsic limitation,heterostructure design has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing their mechanical performance,yet the development of orientation-based heterogeneous magnesium alloys remains relatively unexplored.In this work,by varying the triaxial cyclic compression(TCC)applied to an extruded Mg-2.9Y(wt.%)alloy,we obtained two materials that possessed comparable bimodal grain-size characteristics but showed notable differences in orientation heterogeneity.The material processed by TCC along three orthogonal directions for five complete cycles exhibited a predominantly hard orientation,with hard refined grains embedded within coarse grains of the same hard orientation.By applying an additional compression to plane A,the other material mainly comprising the soft orientation was obtained,with hard-oriented refined grains embedded in soft-oriented coarse grains.These materials exhibited quite different tensile properties and work hardening abilities.By combining microstructural characterization and crystal plasticity modeling,deformation micromechanism of the materials under tensile loading was explored.In the former,poor deformation coordination between the different domains led to strain localization in the refined grain region.However,the latter experienced a significant orientation transition due to tensile twinning.This promoted non-basalslip and improved deformation compatibility,resulting in the more persistent hetero-deformation induced hardening.These findings provide fundamental insights into the micromechanical behavior of heterostructured alloys and offer a new strategy for designing high-performance hexagonal close-packed materials by introducing heterogeneous orientation distributions.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Q.X.(no.31925034)Key S&T Projects of Huangyan to Q.X.(JBGS2022-HYNY03)+1 种基金Key Project of Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation to Q.X.(no.2021CFA017)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2662023PY003).
摘要Satsuma mandarin(Citrus reticulata“Unshiu”)is a global cultivar with superior fruit characteristics and ranking among the top citrus cultivars in terms of production.It is also a key contributor to citrus breeding.However,the lack of high-quality genome makes the origin of Satsuma mandarin has long been a matter of debate.Here,we assembled a gap-free,high-quality genome of Satsuma mandarin.Meanwhile,we collected and sequenced 15 indigenous citrus varieties in Zhejiang Province,12 Satsuma mandarins,21 citrus hybrids related to Satsuma mandarin,10 modern citrus varieties,and 7 other mandarins.Through high-resolution genome analysis,we inferred that Satsuma mandarin originated from a cross between C.reticulata“Ruju”×C.reticulata“Bendiguang”and proposed that Satsuma mandarin most probably originated in East area in Zhejiang Province of China,where the two parents-like cultivars are still found in a sympatric region to date.These results provide new insights into the origin model of Satsuma mandarin.The spread of mandarin is also discussed,which probably associated with the culture exchange and trade activities between Japan and China from Tang Dynasty and afterwards.
基金fundings supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1200203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371097,52301136,51922026,and 52071068)。
摘要Metals and alloys with heterogeneous microstructures are an emerging class of materials that exhibit exceptional mechanical properties,owing to the novel scientific principle of hetero-deformation induced(HDI)strengthening and hardening.For magnesium alloys,due to their low recrystallization temperature,poor ductility at room temperature,limited cold workability,and the tendency to generate strong basal texture during deformation,it is difficult to obtain heterostructures without relying on precipitation of the second phases.Here,three heterostructured Mg-2.9Y(wt.%)materials with varying accumulative equivalent true strains,i.e.,5%-5 cycles,7.5%-5 cycles,and 10%-5 cycles materials were fabricated via applying five complete triaxial compression cycles to the bulk alloy.The 5%-5 cycles material with an accumulative equivalent true strain of 0.37 is featured with long twin lamellae embedded in coarse grains.When the accumulative true strain increases to 0.72,a heterogeneous structure composed of long and short twin lamellae is formed inside the 7.5%-5 cycles material.As the equivalent true strain further increases to 1.01,the 10%-5 cycles material exhibits a mixed structure with densely refined twin lamellae embedded in the coarse-grained matrix.The room-temperature uniaxial tensile tests show that the yield strength of the materials processed by triaxial cyclic compression(TCC)has been significantly improved compared to that at the initial state,whereas ductility was not significantly sacrificed without the subsequent heat treatment.The dense and refined twin lamellae that serve as hard domains in this material provide a high density of interfaces and impede dislocation motion effectively.This results in significant HDI strengthening and hardening.These findings provide new insight into the design of heterostructured hexagonal close-packed materials with both high strength and good ductility.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81173009)Technology Bureau in Shenyang (No. ZCJJ2013402)+2 种基金the financial support from Project for New Century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education (No.NCET-12-1015)Specific Science Foundation of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University (No. ZCJJ2014409)National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (2016)
摘要A simple and rapid UPLC–MS/MS method to simultaneously determine gemcitabine and its L-carnitine ester derivative(2’-deoxy-2’, 2’-difluoro-N-((4-amino-4-oxobutanoyl) oxy)-4-(trimethyl amm-onio) butanoate-cytidine, JDR) in rat plasma was developed and validated.The conventional plasma sample preparation method of nucleoside analogues is solidphase extraction(SPE) which is time-consuming and cost-expensive. In this study, gradient elution with small particles size solid phase was applied to effectively separate gemcitabine and JDR, and protein precipitation pretreatment was adopted to remove plasma protein and extract the analytes with high recovery(>81%). Method validation was performed as per the FDA guidelines, and the standard curves were found to be linear in the range of 5–4000 ng/ml for JDR and 4–4000 ng/ml for gemcitabine, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation(LLOQ)of gemcitabine and JDR was 4 and 5 ng/ml, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy results were within the acceptable limits. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to investigate the pharmacokinetic studies of JDR and gemcitabine after oral administration to rats.
基金supported by the Key research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2022C02078)the agricultural Project of Wenzhou City(WZDLS2021-02).
摘要In this study,headspace solid phase microextraction(SPME),solvent-assisted flavor evaporation(SaFE)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used to detect the changes in aroma components of mandarin orange juice before and after sterilization,the characteristic flavor substances were also analyzed using odor activity value,principal component analysis,and heatmap.The results showed that 149 volatile components were detected,mainly including terpenes,esters,alcohols,aldehydes,and ketones.Compared with unpasteurized juice,the SPME method measured that 38 new volatile components were produced after pasteurization,while 25 volatile components disappeared;the SAFE method measured the production of 34 volatile components after pasteurization,while 18 volatile components disappeared.β-Myrcene,D-limonene,linalool,and p-cymene were important volatile substances in mandarin orange juice.These results provide a reference for further control and detection of mandarin orange juice processing flavors.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1200203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52371097,51922026,52301136)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.X2025003201,N25QNR005 and N25ZLE004)the Youth Science Foundation Project(Category A)of Liaoning Province(No.2025JH6/101100006).
摘要Magnesium alloys usually exhibit poor ductility because of their limited slip systems at room temperature.To overcome this intrinsic limitation,heterostructure design has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing their mechanical performance,yet the development of orientation-based heterogeneous magnesium alloys remains relatively unexplored.In this work,by varying the triaxial cyclic compression(TCC)applied to an extruded Mg-2.9Y(wt.%)alloy,we obtained two materials that possessed comparable bimodal grain-size characteristics but showed notable differences in orientation heterogeneity.The material processed by TCC along three orthogonal directions for five complete cycles exhibited a predominantly hard orientation,with hard refined grains embedded within coarse grains of the same hard orientation.By applying an additional compression to plane A,the other material mainly comprising the soft orientation was obtained,with hard-oriented refined grains embedded in soft-oriented coarse grains.These materials exhibited quite different tensile properties and work hardening abilities.By combining microstructural characterization and crystal plasticity modeling,deformation micromechanism of the materials under tensile loading was explored.In the former,poor deformation coordination between the different domains led to strain localization in the refined grain region.However,the latter experienced a significant orientation transition due to tensile twinning.This promoted non-basalslip and improved deformation compatibility,resulting in the more persistent hetero-deformation induced hardening.These findings provide fundamental insights into the micromechanical behavior of heterostructured alloys and offer a new strategy for designing high-performance hexagonal close-packed materials by introducing heterogeneous orientation distributions.