Investigating the mechanisms underlying central nervous system disorders is a major scientific issue in the 21st century.However,the inaccessibility and complexity of the human brain have always represented a challeng...Investigating the mechanisms underlying central nervous system disorders is a major scientific issue in the 21st century.However,the inaccessibility and complexity of the human brain have always represented a challenge in understanding the pathophysiology of the central nervous system.Brain organoids are self-assembled threedimensional aggregates derived from pluripotent stem cells with cell types and structures similar to the embryonic human brain,giving them potential for investigating the atypical cellular,molecular,and genetic characteristics characteristic of central nervous system disorders.Brain organoids also provide a platform for drug screening and serve as a potential source for transplantation therapy for brain injuries.However,the broad application of brain organoids is hampered by several limitations,such as the lack of high-fidelity cell types,insufficient maturation,and considerable heterogeneity,undermining their reliability in specific applications.This review summarizes brain organoid evolution,discusses recent technological and methodological innovations,and reviews their applications in drug screening,transplantation therapy,and disease modeling,as well as clinical research progress.Additionally,we emphasize the limitations of current brain organoid research and explore the potential for advancing the technology to enhance its applicability.展开更多
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is often associated with permanent cerebral palsy,neurosensory impairments,and cognitive deficits,and there is no effective treatment for complications related to hypoxic-ische...Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is often associated with permanent cerebral palsy,neurosensory impairments,and cognitive deficits,and there is no effective treatment for complications related to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The therapeutic potential of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for various diseases has been explored.However,the potential use of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy has not yet been investigated.In this study,we injected human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle of a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy rat model and observed significant improvements in both cognitive and motor function.Protein chip analysis showed that interleukin-3 expression was significantly elevated in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model rats.Following transplantation of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells,interleukin-3 expression was downregulated.To further investigate the role of interleukin-3 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,we established an in vitro SH-SY5Y cell model of hypoxic-ischemic injury through oxygen-glucose deprivation and silenced interleukin-3 expression using small interfering RNA.We found that the activity and proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation were further suppressed by interleukin-3 knockdown.Furthermore,interleukin-3 knockout exacerbated neuronal damage and cognitive and motor function impairment in rat models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The findings suggest that transplantation of hpcMSCs ameliorated behavioral impairments in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,and this effect was mediated by interleukin-3-dependent neurological function.展开更多
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oil crop valued for its oil-rich kernel, high protein content, and diverse nutritional components, making it a staple raw material in the food industry. Fragrance ...Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oil crop valued for its oil-rich kernel, high protein content, and diverse nutritional components, making it a staple raw material in the food industry. Fragrance is an essential trait influencing both the initial appeal and flavor quality of food products. For instance, fragrant rice has gained global popularity due to its appealing aroma. The fragrance trait in rice is regulated by the BADH2 gene, which encodes betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH) (Chen et al., 2008). In non-fragrant rice, BADH2 catalyzes the conversion of γ-aminobutyraldehyde (GABald) to γ-aminobutyric acid. When BADH2 function is disrupted, GABald is redirected to form Δ-1-pyrroline and the subsequent 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), the key compound contributing to rice fragrance (Okpala et al., 2019).展开更多
Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer,attributed in part to overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2).In a variety of cancer types,including lymphoma,Bcl-2 is overexpressed.Therapeuti...Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer,attributed in part to overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2).In a variety of cancer types,including lymphoma,Bcl-2 is overexpressed.Therapeutic targeting of Bcl-2 has demonstrated efficacy in the clinic and is the subject of extensive clinical testing in combination with chemotherapy.Therefore,the development of co-delivery systems for Bcl-2 targeting agents,such as small interfering RNA(siRNA),and chemotherapeutics,such as doxorubicin(DOX),holds promise for enabling combination cancer therapies.Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)are a clinically advanced nucleic acid delivery system with a compact structure suitable for siRNA encapsulation and delivery.Inspired by ongoing clinical trials of albumin-hitchhiking doxorubicin prodrugs,here we developed a DOX-siRNA co-delivery strategy via conjugation of doxorubicin to the surface of siRNAloaded LNPs.Our optimized LNPs enabled potent knockdown of Bcl-2 and efficient delivery of DOX into the nucleus of Burkitts'lymphoma(Raji)cells,leading to effective inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse model of lymphoma.Based on these results,our LNPs may provide a platform for the co-delivery of various nucleic acids and DOX for the development of new combination cancer therapies.展开更多
基金supported by Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Science and Technological Innovation Team,No.[2023]072 (to LX)Graduate Education and Teaching Innovation Program of Zunyi Medical University,No.ZYK262 (to QW)the Guizhou Graduate Research Fund,No.2024YJSKYJJ333 (to QW)
摘要Investigating the mechanisms underlying central nervous system disorders is a major scientific issue in the 21st century.However,the inaccessibility and complexity of the human brain have always represented a challenge in understanding the pathophysiology of the central nervous system.Brain organoids are self-assembled threedimensional aggregates derived from pluripotent stem cells with cell types and structures similar to the embryonic human brain,giving them potential for investigating the atypical cellular,molecular,and genetic characteristics characteristic of central nervous system disorders.Brain organoids also provide a platform for drug screening and serve as a potential source for transplantation therapy for brain injuries.However,the broad application of brain organoids is hampered by several limitations,such as the lack of high-fidelity cell types,insufficient maturation,and considerable heterogeneity,undermining their reliability in specific applications.This review summarizes brain organoid evolution,discusses recent technological and methodological innovations,and reviews their applications in drug screening,transplantation therapy,and disease modeling,as well as clinical research progress.Additionally,we emphasize the limitations of current brain organoid research and explore the potential for advancing the technology to enhance its applicability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82001604Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Science and Technology Innovation Team,No.[2023]072+1 种基金Guizhou Province Distinguished Young Scientific and Technological Talent Program,No.YQK[2023]040Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science),No.ZK[2021]-368(all to LXiong),and Zunyi City Innovative Talent Team Training Plan,No.[2022]-2.
摘要Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is often associated with permanent cerebral palsy,neurosensory impairments,and cognitive deficits,and there is no effective treatment for complications related to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The therapeutic potential of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for various diseases has been explored.However,the potential use of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy has not yet been investigated.In this study,we injected human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells into the lateral ventricle of a neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy rat model and observed significant improvements in both cognitive and motor function.Protein chip analysis showed that interleukin-3 expression was significantly elevated in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy model rats.Following transplantation of human placental chorionic plate-derived mesenchymal stem cells,interleukin-3 expression was downregulated.To further investigate the role of interleukin-3 in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,we established an in vitro SH-SY5Y cell model of hypoxic-ischemic injury through oxygen-glucose deprivation and silenced interleukin-3 expression using small interfering RNA.We found that the activity and proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation were further suppressed by interleukin-3 knockdown.Furthermore,interleukin-3 knockout exacerbated neuronal damage and cognitive and motor function impairment in rat models of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.The findings suggest that transplantation of hpcMSCs ameliorated behavioral impairments in a rat model of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,and this effect was mediated by interleukin-3-dependent neurological function.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD1200400)the Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province (201300111000, 221100110300)+1 种基金the Earmarked Fund (CARS-13)the Henan Province Agriculture Research System (S2012-5).
摘要Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important food and oil crop valued for its oil-rich kernel, high protein content, and diverse nutritional components, making it a staple raw material in the food industry. Fragrance is an essential trait influencing both the initial appeal and flavor quality of food products. For instance, fragrant rice has gained global popularity due to its appealing aroma. The fragrance trait in rice is regulated by the BADH2 gene, which encodes betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (BADH) (Chen et al., 2008). In non-fragrant rice, BADH2 catalyzes the conversion of γ-aminobutyraldehyde (GABald) to γ-aminobutyric acid. When BADH2 function is disrupted, GABald is redirected to form Δ-1-pyrroline and the subsequent 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), the key compound contributing to rice fragrance (Okpala et al., 2019).
基金support from a US National Institutes of Health(NIH)Director's New Innovator Award(DP2 TR002776,USA)a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award at the Scientific Interface(CASI)+3 种基金a grant from the American Cancer Society(129784-IRG-16-188-38-IRG,USA)the National Institutes of Health(NCI R01 CA241661,NCI R37 CA244911,and NIDDK R01 DK123049,USA)support from Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange(No.PNN/IWA/2019/00057,Poland)supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program(NSF-GRFP)under Grant No.DGE-1845298。
摘要Evasion of apoptosis is a hallmark of cancer,attributed in part to overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2).In a variety of cancer types,including lymphoma,Bcl-2 is overexpressed.Therapeutic targeting of Bcl-2 has demonstrated efficacy in the clinic and is the subject of extensive clinical testing in combination with chemotherapy.Therefore,the development of co-delivery systems for Bcl-2 targeting agents,such as small interfering RNA(siRNA),and chemotherapeutics,such as doxorubicin(DOX),holds promise for enabling combination cancer therapies.Lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)are a clinically advanced nucleic acid delivery system with a compact structure suitable for siRNA encapsulation and delivery.Inspired by ongoing clinical trials of albumin-hitchhiking doxorubicin prodrugs,here we developed a DOX-siRNA co-delivery strategy via conjugation of doxorubicin to the surface of siRNAloaded LNPs.Our optimized LNPs enabled potent knockdown of Bcl-2 and efficient delivery of DOX into the nucleus of Burkitts'lymphoma(Raji)cells,leading to effective inhibition of tumor growth in a mouse model of lymphoma.Based on these results,our LNPs may provide a platform for the co-delivery of various nucleic acids and DOX for the development of new combination cancer therapies.