Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for sustainable production of renewable hydrogen,and solving the crisis of energy and environment in the world.However,large-scale application of this method is hampered b...Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for sustainable production of renewable hydrogen,and solving the crisis of energy and environment in the world.However,large-scale application of this method is hampered by the efficiency and the expense of the solar water splitting systems.Searching for non-toxic,low-cost,efficient and stable photocatalysts is an important way for solar water splitting.Due to the simplicity of structure and the flexibility of composition,perovskite based photocatalysts have recently attracted widespread attention for application in solar water splitting.In this review,the recent developments of perovskite based photocatalysts for water splitting are summarized.An introduction including the structures and properties of perovskite materials,and the fundamentals of solar water splitting is first provided.Then,it specifically focuses on the strategies for designing and modulating perovskite materials to improve their photocatalytic performance for solar water splitting.The current challenges and perspectives of perovskite materials in solar water splitting are also reviewed.The aim of this review is to summarize recent findings and developments of perovskite based photocatalysts and provide some useful guidance for the future research on the design and development of highly efficient perovskite based photocatalysts and the relevant systems for water splitting.展开更多
Snowfall is the primary form of cold-season precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau(TP),crucial for the maintenance of glaciers and snow cover,affecting regional climates and water resources availability.Through an int...Snowfall is the primary form of cold-season precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau(TP),crucial for the maintenance of glaciers and snow cover,affecting regional climates and water resources availability.Through an integrative analysis of observations,numerical simulations,and statistical analyses,we found that the spatiotemporal distribution of snowfall across the TP is significantly influenced by black carbon(BC)aerosols from South Asia and the TP.BC affects the snowfall process through multiple mechanisms.Specifically,BC significantly raises atmospheric temperature over the TP,thereby reducing snowfall,particularly in the central TP during autumn,with reductions reaching approximately−9 mm water equivalent month−1.Moreover,BC enhances cold-season moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal,increasing moisture flux in the southeastern TP and thereby augmenting snowfall in that area by up to 5 mm water equivalent month−1.This study elucidates the complex impact of BC on the spatial–temporal snowfall patterns across the TP and provides important insights into the sustainable development of water resources in the region amid ongoing climate change.展开更多
Functionalization has emerged as a pivotal endeavor to tailor the surface properties of photocatalysts.We propose a facile amine functionalization strategy to establish a Cu−In−Zn−S(CIZS)/NiSx hybrid with covalent bon...Functionalization has emerged as a pivotal endeavor to tailor the surface properties of photocatalysts.We propose a facile amine functionalization strategy to establish a Cu−In−Zn−S(CIZS)/NiSx hybrid with covalent bonds using individual ethylenediamine(EDA)molecules.Our approach witnesses a remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution(PHE)competence of 65.93 mmol g−1h−1driven by visible light,the highest value yielded by CIZS to date.X-ray absorption spectra of CIZS and density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm the crucial amine N→Cu coordination after amine functionalization.The new emerging coordination via lone-pair electron donation profitably accesses the regulation of the coordination environment,electronic structures,and carrier behavior.Moreover,individual EDA molecule with two-terminal−NH2 group serves as a molecular bridge to hybrid CIZS and NiSxcocatalyst via N→Cu and N→Ni coordination,favorably promoting efficient charge transport.This study provides advances in practical functionalizing photocatalysts.展开更多
The utilization of solar energy to drive energy conversion and simultaneously realize pollutant degradation via pho-tocatalysis is one of most promising strategies to resolve the global energy and environment issues.D...The utilization of solar energy to drive energy conversion and simultaneously realize pollutant degradation via pho-tocatalysis is one of most promising strategies to resolve the global energy and environment issues.During the past decade,graphite carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has attracted dramatically growing attention for solar energy conversion due to its excellent physicochemical properties as a photocatalyst.However,its practical application is still impeded by several limitations and short-comings,such as high recombination rate of charge carriers,low visible-light absorption,etc.As an effective solution,the elec-tronic structure tuning of g-C3N4has been widely adopted.In this context,firstly,the paper critically focuses on the different strategies of electronic structure tuning of g-C3N4like vacancy modification,doping,crystallinity modulation and synthesis of a new molecular structure.And the recent progress is reviewed.Finally,the challenges and future trends are summarized.展开更多
Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for the sustainable production of renewable hydrogen and solving the world’s crisis of energy and environment.The third-generation direct bandgap semiconductor of zinc ox...Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for the sustainable production of renewable hydrogen and solving the world’s crisis of energy and environment.The third-generation direct bandgap semiconductor of zinc oxide(ZnO)with properties of environmental friendliness and high efficiency for various photocatalytic reactions,is a suitable material for photoanodes because of its appropriate band structure,fine surface structure,and high electron mobility.However,practical applications of ZnO are usually limited by its high recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs,lack of surface reaction force,inadequate visible light response,and intrinsic photocorrosion.Given the lack of review on ZnO’s application in photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting,this paper reviews ZnO’s research progress in PEC water splitting.It commences with the basic principle of PEC water splitting and the structure and properties of ZnO.Then,we explicitly describe the related strategies to solve the above problems of ZnO as a photoanode,including morphology control,doping modification,construction of heterostructure,and the piezo-photoelectric enhancement of ZnO.This review aims to comprehensively describe recent findings and developments of ZnO in PEC water splitting and to provide a useful reference for the further application and development of ZnO nanomaterials in highly efficient PEC water splitting.展开更多
Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has been extensively doped with alkali metals to enlarge photocatalytic output,in which cesium(Cs)doping is predicted to be the most efficient.Nevertheless,the sluggish diffusion ...Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has been extensively doped with alkali metals to enlarge photocatalytic output,in which cesium(Cs)doping is predicted to be the most efficient.Nevertheless,the sluggish diffusion and doping kinetics of precursors with high melting points,along with imprecise regulation,have raised the debate on whether Cs doping could make sense.For this matter,we attempt to confirm the positive effects of Cs doping on multifunctional photocatalysis by first using cesium acetate with the character of easy manipulation.The optimized Csdoped g-C3N4(CCN)shows a 41.6-fold increase in visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)compared to pure g-C3N4and impressive degradation capability,especially with 77%refractory tetracycline and almost 100%rhodamine B degradedwithin an hour.The penetration ofCs+is demonstrated to be a mode of interlayer doping,and Cs–N bonds(especially with sp2pyridine N in C═N–C),along with robust chemical interaction and electron exchange,are fabricated.This atomic configuration triggers the broadened spectral response,the improved charge migration,and the activated photocatalytic capacity.Furthermore,we evaluate the CCN/cadmium sulfide hybrid as a Z-scheme configuration,promoting the visible HER yield to 9.02 mmol g−1h−1,which is the highest ever reported among all CCN systems.This work adds to the rapidly expanding field of manipulation strategies and supports further development of mediating served for photocatalysis.展开更多
The urgent need to replace conventional fossil fuels with clean energy has stimulated a large number of research efforts on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[1−4].Alternatively,organic semiconductors with tunable ligh...The urgent need to replace conventional fossil fuels with clean energy has stimulated a large number of research efforts on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[1−4].Alternatively,organic semiconductors with tunable light absorption,well-positioned band edges,and excellent charge separation are highly expected[5−8].Conventionally,a semiconductor material with a wide band gap has a larger exciton binding energy,while a semiconductor material with a narrow band gap has a smaller exciton binding energy[9].Since smaller exciton binding energies are favorable for exciton separation,choosing a semiconductor with a suitable bandgap seems to be the first step toward high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.The tunable light-harvesting ability determines the advantage and potential of organic semiconductors as photocatalysts.However,the insufficient external quantum efficiency(EQE)and the un-derlying photophysical mechanism remain restricting the orientation toward industrialization[10].展开更多
Developing low-cost,efficient,and stable photocatalysts is one of the most promising methods for large-scale solar water splitting.As a metal-free semiconductor material with suitable band gap,graphitic carbon nitride...Developing low-cost,efficient,and stable photocatalysts is one of the most promising methods for large-scale solar water splitting.As a metal-free semiconductor material with suitable band gap,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has attracted attention in the field of photocatalysis,which is mainly attributed to its fascinating physicochemical and photoelectronic properties.However,several inherent limitations and shortcomings—involving high recombination rate of photocarriers,insufficient reaction kinetics,and optical absorption—impede the practical applicability of g-C3N4.As an effective strategy,vacancy defect engineering has been widely used for breaking through the current limitations,considering its ability to optimize the electronic structure and surface morphology of g-C3N4 to obtain the desired photocatalytic activity.This review summarizes the recent progress of vacancy defect engineered g-C3N4 for solar water splitting.The fundamentals of solar water splitting with g-C3N4 are discussed first.We then focus on the fabrication strategies and effect of vacancy generated in g-C3N4.The advances of vacancy-modified g-C3N4 photocatalysts toward solar water splitting are discussed next.Finally,the current challenges and future opportunities of vacancy-modified g-C3N4 are summarized.This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for future research on the design and development of highly efficient defective g-C3N4.展开更多
Introduction:Traditional dengue surveillance operates reactively,frequently lagging behind viral transmission patterns and thereby impeding timely public health responses.Wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE)presents sig...Introduction:Traditional dengue surveillance operates reactively,frequently lagging behind viral transmission patterns and thereby impeding timely public health responses.Wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE)presents significant potential for proactive early warning systems.This study sought to implement and validate the first community-level WBE system for dengue during an active outbreak,evaluating its capacity to detect cryptic transmission and provide actionable intelligence for public health interventions.Methods:During a dengue virus serotype 1(DENV-1)outbreak,we collected 618 wastewater grab samples from manholes within a 200-m radius of 8 reported cases,along with matched patient serum and urine samples.We systematically compared magnetic bead and polyethylene glycol(PEG)concentration methods for viral recovery efficiency.DENV-1 ribonucleic acid(RNA)was detected and quantified using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Positive samples underwent genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to confirm environmental signals and determine viral lineages.Results:The magnetic bead method demonstrated superior performance with a limit of detection of 10 copies/mL and was selected based on its higher recovery efficiency(59.7%).We successfully detected DENV-1 in 14 of 618 wastewater samples tested.Critically,a positive wastewater signal from one residential building preceded the clinical diagnosis of a new case within that same location by several hours.For a single patient,we successfully generated matched viral genomic sequences from serum,urine,and wastewater samples,providing definitive validation of the environmental signal’s authenticity.Conclusions:Community-level wastewater surveillance represents a powerful and effective tool for dengue control programs.This approach provides actionable early warnings by detecting cryptic viral transmission before cases receive clinical identification.Such capabilities enable public health authorities to deploy preemptive,geographically-targeted interventions,including vector control measures,fundamentally improving both the speed and precision of outbreak responses while helping to mitigate disease spread.展开更多
Background:Influenza is a significant public health issue,particularly for vulnerable groups like children and the elderly.Despite widespread vaccination and public health measures,age-specific incidence data-crucial ...Background:Influenza is a significant public health issue,particularly for vulnerable groups like children and the elderly.Despite widespread vaccination and public health measures,age-specific incidence data-crucial for tar-geted interventions-are limited in many areas,including Guangzhou.The epidemiological patterns of influenza have also been affected by non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic,underscoring the need for updated local estimates.This study aimed to estimate the age-specific incidence of influenza infection in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2022-a period covering both pre-pandemic and pandemic phases-to inform region-ally tailored prevention and control strategies.Methods:This study analyzed surveillance data on influenza-like illness(ILI)and virological test results from sentinel hospitals in Guangzhou covering the period from 2019 to 2022.A previously established multiplier model was employed,which integrated age-specific consultation rates,influenza positivity rates,as well as parameters related to symptom presentation and detection sensitivity.Monte Carlo simulations were utilized to estimate annual age-stratified influenza infection and incidence rates,accompanied by 95%confidence intervals.The population denominators were derived from the national census conducted in 2020.Results:7.78%of the total population in Guangzhou were infected by influenza in 2019,1.40%in 2020,1.85%in 2021 and 12.13%in 2022 and incidence rates were 5.15%in 2019,0.93%in 2020,1.23%in 2021 and 8.04%in 2022.The highest influenza infection and incidence rates were observed in 2022 and the lowest in 2020.Infections in the 0-14 age group were 27.19%,3.57%,11.16%and 66.15%during 2019-2022 and respective incidence rates were 18.00%,2.37%,7.41%and 43.84%.Conclusions:0-14-year-old infants and children were the main victims of influenza.Targeted strategies should be developed to prevent the spread in this age group.展开更多
Atomic single-molecule imaging has drawn extensive attention for exploring different behaviors and properties of small molecules.However,current techniques still face challenges,due to the thermal activity and beam se...Atomic single-molecule imaging has drawn extensive attention for exploring different behaviors and properties of small molecules.However,current techniques still face challenges,due to the thermal activity and beam sensitivity of small molecules.Recently,ångström-level spatial resolution for single molecules was successfully demonstrated using different imaging methods,including scanning tunneling microscopy,atomic force microscopy,cryogenic and transmission electron microscopy.In this perspective,we focus on different confinement strategies in these single-molecule imaging techniques,and summarize the recent studies of the structures and behaviors of single molecules.Especially,a new concept of spatial confinement at room temperature has been achieved by using microporous materials,such as zeolites,which has made it possible to fix and visualize the configurations of single molecule inside channels.In outlook,we describe what progress we can make along such a confinement strategy,and what new perspectives and discoveries we may find beyond our imagination.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers represent a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally,characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment where bidirectional neuro-cancer-immune interactions critically influence di...Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers represent a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally,characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment where bidirectional neuro-cancer-immune interactions critically influence disease progression.The CNS integrates ascending gut-derived signals and transmits descending regulatory responses through distinct auto-nomic neural pathways,while peripheral sensory,sympathetic,parasympa-thetic,and enteric neurons modulate innate and adaptive immune cell func-tions through specialized neurotransmitter circuits.This coordinated neural-immune crosstalk operates within the neuro-endocrine-immune axis,forming an integrated regulatory network that governs tissue homeo-stasis and tumor surveillance.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21975245,51972300and 61674141)Key Research Program of Frontier Science,CAS(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-SLH006)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0206600,2018YFE0204000)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB643503)the support from Hundred-Talent Program(Chinese Academy of Sciences)
摘要Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for sustainable production of renewable hydrogen,and solving the crisis of energy and environment in the world.However,large-scale application of this method is hampered by the efficiency and the expense of the solar water splitting systems.Searching for non-toxic,low-cost,efficient and stable photocatalysts is an important way for solar water splitting.Due to the simplicity of structure and the flexibility of composition,perovskite based photocatalysts have recently attracted widespread attention for application in solar water splitting.In this review,the recent developments of perovskite based photocatalysts for water splitting are summarized.An introduction including the structures and properties of perovskite materials,and the fundamentals of solar water splitting is first provided.Then,it specifically focuses on the strategies for designing and modulating perovskite materials to improve their photocatalytic performance for solar water splitting.The current challenges and perspectives of perovskite materials in solar water splitting are also reviewed.The aim of this review is to summarize recent findings and developments of perovskite based photocatalysts and provide some useful guidance for the future research on the design and development of highly efficient perovskite based photocatalysts and the relevant systems for water splitting.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071096,42275045)Foundation from Gansu Provincial Department of Education(2024A-200,2024QB-054)+3 种基金West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-202306)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of Gansu Province(Grant No.23JRRA567)Outstanding Youth Fund of Gansu Province(24JRRA078)Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(2019QZKK0605).
摘要Snowfall is the primary form of cold-season precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau(TP),crucial for the maintenance of glaciers and snow cover,affecting regional climates and water resources availability.Through an integrative analysis of observations,numerical simulations,and statistical analyses,we found that the spatiotemporal distribution of snowfall across the TP is significantly influenced by black carbon(BC)aerosols from South Asia and the TP.BC affects the snowfall process through multiple mechanisms.Specifically,BC significantly raises atmospheric temperature over the TP,thereby reducing snowfall,particularly in the central TP during autumn,with reductions reaching approximately−9 mm water equivalent month−1.Moreover,BC enhances cold-season moisture transport from the Bay of Bengal,increasing moisture flux in the southeastern TP and thereby augmenting snowfall in that area by up to 5 mm water equivalent month−1.This study elucidates the complex impact of BC on the spatial–temporal snowfall patterns across the TP and provides important insights into the sustainable development of water resources in the region amid ongoing climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62304219)the Strategic Priority Research Program of theChinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB43000000)+1 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR−090)the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Nos.21975245,U20A20206,and 51972300)。
摘要Functionalization has emerged as a pivotal endeavor to tailor the surface properties of photocatalysts.We propose a facile amine functionalization strategy to establish a Cu−In−Zn−S(CIZS)/NiSx hybrid with covalent bonds using individual ethylenediamine(EDA)molecules.Our approach witnesses a remarkable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution(PHE)competence of 65.93 mmol g−1h−1driven by visible light,the highest value yielded by CIZS to date.X-ray absorption spectra of CIZS and density functional theory(DFT)calculations confirm the crucial amine N→Cu coordination after amine functionalization.The new emerging coordination via lone-pair electron donation profitably accesses the regulation of the coordination environment,electronic structures,and carrier behavior.Moreover,individual EDA molecule with two-terminal−NH2 group serves as a molecular bridge to hybrid CIZS and NiSxcocatalyst via N→Cu and N→Ni coordination,favorably promoting efficient charge transport.This study provides advances in practical functionalizing photocatalysts.
基金mostly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21975245,51972300,61674141,12004094,and 21976049)the Key Research Program of Frontier Science,CAS(QYZDB-SSW-SLH006)+7 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2017YFA0206600 and 2018YFE0204000)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB43000000)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2019402063)the Youth Foundation of Hebei Province Department of Education(QN2019326)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Handan city(21422111246)the Key Project of Handan University(2018101)the support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020114)the support from the Doctoral Special Fund Project of Hebei University of Engineering。
摘要The utilization of solar energy to drive energy conversion and simultaneously realize pollutant degradation via pho-tocatalysis is one of most promising strategies to resolve the global energy and environment issues.During the past decade,graphite carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has attracted dramatically growing attention for solar energy conversion due to its excellent physicochemical properties as a photocatalyst.However,its practical application is still impeded by several limitations and short-comings,such as high recombination rate of charge carriers,low visible-light absorption,etc.As an effective solution,the elec-tronic structure tuning of g-C3N4has been widely adopted.In this context,firstly,the paper critically focuses on the different strategies of electronic structure tuning of g-C3N4like vacancy modification,doping,crystallinity modulation and synthesis of a new molecular structure.And the recent progress is reviewed.Finally,the challenges and future trends are summarized.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21975245,51972300 and 61674141)the Key Research Program of Frontier Science,CAS(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-SLH006)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0206600,2018YFE0204000)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB43000000),K.L.also acknowledges the support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020114).
摘要Solar water splitting is a promising strategy for the sustainable production of renewable hydrogen and solving the world’s crisis of energy and environment.The third-generation direct bandgap semiconductor of zinc oxide(ZnO)with properties of environmental friendliness and high efficiency for various photocatalytic reactions,is a suitable material for photoanodes because of its appropriate band structure,fine surface structure,and high electron mobility.However,practical applications of ZnO are usually limited by its high recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs,lack of surface reaction force,inadequate visible light response,and intrinsic photocorrosion.Given the lack of review on ZnO’s application in photoelectrochemical(PEC)water splitting,this paper reviews ZnO’s research progress in PEC water splitting.It commences with the basic principle of PEC water splitting and the structure and properties of ZnO.Then,we explicitly describe the related strategies to solve the above problems of ZnO as a photoanode,including morphology control,doping modification,construction of heterostructure,and the piezo-photoelectric enhancement of ZnO.This review aims to comprehensively describe recent findings and developments of ZnO in PEC water splitting and to provide a useful reference for the further application and development of ZnO nanomaterials in highly efficient PEC water splitting.
基金supported primarily by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Contract No.21975245,51972300,62274155,and U20A20206)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0204000)+2 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB43000000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.62175231.Prof.Kong Liu appreciates the support from the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2020114)the Beijing Nova Program(No.2020117).
摘要Graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has been extensively doped with alkali metals to enlarge photocatalytic output,in which cesium(Cs)doping is predicted to be the most efficient.Nevertheless,the sluggish diffusion and doping kinetics of precursors with high melting points,along with imprecise regulation,have raised the debate on whether Cs doping could make sense.For this matter,we attempt to confirm the positive effects of Cs doping on multifunctional photocatalysis by first using cesium acetate with the character of easy manipulation.The optimized Csdoped g-C3N4(CCN)shows a 41.6-fold increase in visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)compared to pure g-C3N4and impressive degradation capability,especially with 77%refractory tetracycline and almost 100%rhodamine B degradedwithin an hour.The penetration ofCs+is demonstrated to be a mode of interlayer doping,and Cs–N bonds(especially with sp2pyridine N in C═N–C),along with robust chemical interaction and electron exchange,are fabricated.This atomic configuration triggers the broadened spectral response,the improved charge migration,and the activated photocatalytic capacity.Furthermore,we evaluate the CCN/cadmium sulfide hybrid as a Z-scheme configuration,promoting the visible HER yield to 9.02 mmol g−1h−1,which is the highest ever reported among all CCN systems.This work adds to the rapidly expanding field of manipulation strategies and supports further development of mediating served for photocatalysis.
摘要The urgent need to replace conventional fossil fuels with clean energy has stimulated a large number of research efforts on photocatalytic hydrogen evolution[1−4].Alternatively,organic semiconductors with tunable light absorption,well-positioned band edges,and excellent charge separation are highly expected[5−8].Conventionally,a semiconductor material with a wide band gap has a larger exciton binding energy,while a semiconductor material with a narrow band gap has a smaller exciton binding energy[9].Since smaller exciton binding energies are favorable for exciton separation,choosing a semiconductor with a suitable bandgap seems to be the first step toward high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency.The tunable light-harvesting ability determines the advantage and potential of organic semiconductors as photocatalysts.However,the insufficient external quantum efficiency(EQE)and the un-derlying photophysical mechanism remain restricting the orientation toward industrialization[10].
基金This work is supported mainly by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0204000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21975245,U20A20206,51972300,12004094,and 32101004)+4 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB43000000)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Handan(Grant No.21422111246)Prof.Y.Huang.also acknowledges the support from the Doctoral Special Fund Project of Hebei University of Engineering.Prof.K.Liu.appreciates the support from Youth Innovation Promotion Association,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2020114)the Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.2020117)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2022A1515110578).
摘要Developing low-cost,efficient,and stable photocatalysts is one of the most promising methods for large-scale solar water splitting.As a metal-free semiconductor material with suitable band gap,graphitic carbon nitride(g-C3N4)has attracted attention in the field of photocatalysis,which is mainly attributed to its fascinating physicochemical and photoelectronic properties.However,several inherent limitations and shortcomings—involving high recombination rate of photocarriers,insufficient reaction kinetics,and optical absorption—impede the practical applicability of g-C3N4.As an effective strategy,vacancy defect engineering has been widely used for breaking through the current limitations,considering its ability to optimize the electronic structure and surface morphology of g-C3N4 to obtain the desired photocatalytic activity.This review summarizes the recent progress of vacancy defect engineered g-C3N4 for solar water splitting.The fundamentals of solar water splitting with g-C3N4 are discussed first.We then focus on the fabrication strategies and effect of vacancy generated in g-C3N4.The advances of vacancy-modified g-C3N4 photocatalysts toward solar water splitting are discussed next.Finally,the current challenges and future opportunities of vacancy-modified g-C3N4 are summarized.This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for future research on the design and development of highly efficient defective g-C3N4.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFC2311500)the Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund Project(B2025367),the Key Project of Medicine Discipline of Guangzhou(2025–2027-11)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(2023A03J0447,2023A03J0454,2023A03J0938,and 2024A03J0369).
摘要Introduction:Traditional dengue surveillance operates reactively,frequently lagging behind viral transmission patterns and thereby impeding timely public health responses.Wastewater-based epidemiology(WBE)presents significant potential for proactive early warning systems.This study sought to implement and validate the first community-level WBE system for dengue during an active outbreak,evaluating its capacity to detect cryptic transmission and provide actionable intelligence for public health interventions.Methods:During a dengue virus serotype 1(DENV-1)outbreak,we collected 618 wastewater grab samples from manholes within a 200-m radius of 8 reported cases,along with matched patient serum and urine samples.We systematically compared magnetic bead and polyethylene glycol(PEG)concentration methods for viral recovery efficiency.DENV-1 ribonucleic acid(RNA)was detected and quantified using reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR).Positive samples underwent genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to confirm environmental signals and determine viral lineages.Results:The magnetic bead method demonstrated superior performance with a limit of detection of 10 copies/mL and was selected based on its higher recovery efficiency(59.7%).We successfully detected DENV-1 in 14 of 618 wastewater samples tested.Critically,a positive wastewater signal from one residential building preceded the clinical diagnosis of a new case within that same location by several hours.For a single patient,we successfully generated matched viral genomic sequences from serum,urine,and wastewater samples,providing definitive validation of the environmental signal’s authenticity.Conclusions:Community-level wastewater surveillance represents a powerful and effective tool for dengue control programs.This approach provides actionable early warnings by detecting cryptic viral transmission before cases receive clinical identification.Such capabilities enable public health authorities to deploy preemptive,geographically-targeted interventions,including vector control measures,fundamentally improving both the speed and precision of outbreak responses while helping to mitigate disease spread.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2019A1515011407)Medical Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou(20201A011067,20211A011059,20241A011048)+2 种基金Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Project(A2019379,A2020399,B2021244)The Key Project of Medicine Discipline of Guangzhou(No.2025-2027-11)Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou(202206080003,2023A03J0457,2025A03J3771).
摘要Background:Influenza is a significant public health issue,particularly for vulnerable groups like children and the elderly.Despite widespread vaccination and public health measures,age-specific incidence data-crucial for tar-geted interventions-are limited in many areas,including Guangzhou.The epidemiological patterns of influenza have also been affected by non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic,underscoring the need for updated local estimates.This study aimed to estimate the age-specific incidence of influenza infection in Guangzhou from 2019 to 2022-a period covering both pre-pandemic and pandemic phases-to inform region-ally tailored prevention and control strategies.Methods:This study analyzed surveillance data on influenza-like illness(ILI)and virological test results from sentinel hospitals in Guangzhou covering the period from 2019 to 2022.A previously established multiplier model was employed,which integrated age-specific consultation rates,influenza positivity rates,as well as parameters related to symptom presentation and detection sensitivity.Monte Carlo simulations were utilized to estimate annual age-stratified influenza infection and incidence rates,accompanied by 95%confidence intervals.The population denominators were derived from the national census conducted in 2020.Results:7.78%of the total population in Guangzhou were infected by influenza in 2019,1.40%in 2020,1.85%in 2021 and 12.13%in 2022 and incidence rates were 5.15%in 2019,0.93%in 2020,1.23%in 2021 and 8.04%in 2022.The highest influenza infection and incidence rates were observed in 2022 and the lowest in 2020.Infections in the 0-14 age group were 27.19%,3.57%,11.16%and 66.15%during 2019-2022 and respective incidence rates were 18.00%,2.37%,7.41%and 43.84%.Conclusions:0-14-year-old infants and children were the main victims of influenza.Targeted strategies should be developed to prevent the spread in this age group.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2322019,22275133,22204116)Suzhou Science and Technology Development Plan(ZXL2023179)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220484,BK20200851)Suzhou Key Laboratory of Functional Nano&Soft Materials,Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technologythe 111 Project,Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices.
摘要Atomic single-molecule imaging has drawn extensive attention for exploring different behaviors and properties of small molecules.However,current techniques still face challenges,due to the thermal activity and beam sensitivity of small molecules.Recently,ångström-level spatial resolution for single molecules was successfully demonstrated using different imaging methods,including scanning tunneling microscopy,atomic force microscopy,cryogenic and transmission electron microscopy.In this perspective,we focus on different confinement strategies in these single-molecule imaging techniques,and summarize the recent studies of the structures and behaviors of single molecules.Especially,a new concept of spatial confinement at room temperature has been achieved by using microporous materials,such as zeolites,which has made it possible to fix and visualize the configurations of single molecule inside channels.In outlook,we describe what progress we can make along such a confinement strategy,and what new perspectives and discoveries we may find beyond our imagination.
基金supported by the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD0520600 and 2024ZD0534600)the Joint Fund for Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20463 and U20A20371)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82272889,82473157,82573666,82573870,82172742,and 82473353)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(7222023 and L248059)the Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital(XKFZ2401 and KC2403).
摘要Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers represent a leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally,characterized by a complex tumor microenvironment where bidirectional neuro-cancer-immune interactions critically influence disease progression.The CNS integrates ascending gut-derived signals and transmits descending regulatory responses through distinct auto-nomic neural pathways,while peripheral sensory,sympathetic,parasympa-thetic,and enteric neurons modulate innate and adaptive immune cell func-tions through specialized neurotransmitter circuits.This coordinated neural-immune crosstalk operates within the neuro-endocrine-immune axis,forming an integrated regulatory network that governs tissue homeo-stasis and tumor surveillance.