Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for early-onset ischemic heart disease(IHD),yet its contribution to the global burden across regions and demographics is not fully quantified.This study assesses global trends...Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for early-onset ischemic heart disease(IHD),yet its contribution to the global burden across regions and demographics is not fully quantified.This study assesses global trends in obesity-related early-onset IHD,focusing on young adults(aged 25–39 years).We utilized Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data to track 30-year trends in obesity and early-onset IHD via average annual percentage changes(AAPCs)and socio-demographic index(SDI)-stratified disability-adjusted life year(DALY)counts.Pearson correlation was then applied to evaluate the associations between these variables.Further multi-factor adjustment analysis was conducted using a multivariable linear regression model on 5-year age-stratified data.A significant positive correlation was found between the AAPC in obesity age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)and the AAPC in early-onset IHD age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)(ρ=0.36,P<0.001)and ASPR(ρ=0.29,P<0.001)among young males,with stronger associations than in females.The impact of obesity on early-onset IHD prevalence and mortality strengthened with age,peaking at 35–39 years old for both male and female.Even after having adjusted for dietary,environmental,and metabolic risk factors,obesity remains the top IHD risk factor in almost all subgroups.Clearly,obesity is strongly linked to higher morbidity and mortality in early-onset IHD.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in alleviating the endotracheal tube related discomfort and the safetyof intracufflidocaine (in different forms) with air and/or normal saline (NS) dur...Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in alleviating the endotracheal tube related discomfort and the safetyof intracufflidocaine (in different forms) with air and/or normal saline (NS) during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. Methods: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant studies. Thirteen randomized, controlled trials involving 1 010 patients were ultimately identified. A meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials fulfilling the predefined criteria was performed. Random-effect model and subgroup studies were used when significant heterogeneity existed among those trials. Results: Compared with air and NS, intracufflidocaine could significantly alleviate the severity of sore throat at different time points (15min, 30min, lh, 2h, 3h, 6h, 12h and 24h aiter extubation) and the occurrence of cough, restlessness, postoperative nausea and vomiting, dysphonia and hoarseness. Besides intracufflidocaine brought about a significant prolongation of spontaneous ventilation time. It was worth mentioning that, compared withlidocaine or its hydrochloride form, alkalinized lidocainewas much more efficient in reducing the severity of sore throat and prolonging spontaneous ventilation time. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicates that intracuttlidocaine can significantly improve endotracheal tube tolerance and this improvement can be strengthened by alkalinization of lidocaine.展开更多
基金supported by the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(Nos.2026ZD0557101 and 2023ZD0503204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.823B2005,82421001,824B1015,82230014,81930007,32100426)+9 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFC2502300 and 2022YFE0103500)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Nos.81625002)the Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Nos.2022JC013,2023ZZ02021,GWVI-11.1-26,and 2022ZZ01008)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Nos.22JC1402100,22DZ2292400,and 20YF1426100)the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Nos.SHSMUZDCX20210700)the Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning,Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai(No.2021-01-07-00-02-E00083)the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(Nos.2022-PUMCH-C-023)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Nos.YG2022QN107)the Pudong New District Health Commission(Nos.PW2023E-02)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Drugs(Nos.19DZ2230300)。
摘要Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for early-onset ischemic heart disease(IHD),yet its contribution to the global burden across regions and demographics is not fully quantified.This study assesses global trends in obesity-related early-onset IHD,focusing on young adults(aged 25–39 years).We utilized Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 data to track 30-year trends in obesity and early-onset IHD via average annual percentage changes(AAPCs)and socio-demographic index(SDI)-stratified disability-adjusted life year(DALY)counts.Pearson correlation was then applied to evaluate the associations between these variables.Further multi-factor adjustment analysis was conducted using a multivariable linear regression model on 5-year age-stratified data.A significant positive correlation was found between the AAPC in obesity age-standardized prevalence rate(ASPR)and the AAPC in early-onset IHD age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)(ρ=0.36,P<0.001)and ASPR(ρ=0.29,P<0.001)among young males,with stronger associations than in females.The impact of obesity on early-onset IHD prevalence and mortality strengthened with age,peaking at 35–39 years old for both male and female.Even after having adjusted for dietary,environmental,and metabolic risk factors,obesity remains the top IHD risk factor in almost all subgroups.Clearly,obesity is strongly linked to higher morbidity and mortality in early-onset IHD.
摘要Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in alleviating the endotracheal tube related discomfort and the safetyof intracufflidocaine (in different forms) with air and/or normal saline (NS) during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. Methods: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant studies. Thirteen randomized, controlled trials involving 1 010 patients were ultimately identified. A meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials fulfilling the predefined criteria was performed. Random-effect model and subgroup studies were used when significant heterogeneity existed among those trials. Results: Compared with air and NS, intracufflidocaine could significantly alleviate the severity of sore throat at different time points (15min, 30min, lh, 2h, 3h, 6h, 12h and 24h aiter extubation) and the occurrence of cough, restlessness, postoperative nausea and vomiting, dysphonia and hoarseness. Besides intracufflidocaine brought about a significant prolongation of spontaneous ventilation time. It was worth mentioning that, compared withlidocaine or its hydrochloride form, alkalinized lidocainewas much more efficient in reducing the severity of sore throat and prolonging spontaneous ventilation time. Conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicates that intracuttlidocaine can significantly improve endotracheal tube tolerance and this improvement can be strengthened by alkalinization of lidocaine.