To investigate the mechanism of rockburst prevention by spraying water onto the surrounding rocks,15 experiments are performed considering different water absorption levels on a single face.High-speed photography and ...To investigate the mechanism of rockburst prevention by spraying water onto the surrounding rocks,15 experiments are performed considering different water absorption levels on a single face.High-speed photography and acoustic emission(AE)system are used to monitor the rockburst process.The effect of water on sandstone rockburst and the prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst are analyzed from the perspective of energy and failure mode.The results show that the higher the ab-sorption degree,the lower the intensity of the rockburst after absorbing water on single side of sand-stone.This is reflected in the fact that with the increase in the water absorption level,the ejection velocity of rockburst fragments is smaller,the depth of the rockburst pit is shallower,and the AE energy is smaller.Under the water absorption level of 100%,the magnitude of rockburst intensity changes from medium to slight.The prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst is that water reduces the capacity of sandstone to store strain energy and accelerates the expansion of shear cracks,which is not conducive to the occurrence of plate cracking before rockburst,and destroys the conditions for rockburst incubation.展开更多
Temperature filed,thermal stress,especially tensile stress and J⁃integral are important for thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)under thermal shock.At the micro⁃and nano⁃scale,the energy transport mechanisms are significant...Temperature filed,thermal stress,especially tensile stress and J⁃integral are important for thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)under thermal shock.At the micro⁃and nano⁃scale,the energy transport mechanisms are significantly different from those at the macro⁃scale.The temperature fields,which are obtained by combining the Equation of Phonon Radiative Transport(EPRT)(for the nano⁃scale ceramic TBCs)and the Fourier law(for the substrate),are used as the thermal loading in the thermal stress and J⁃integral of an edge in the TBCs analysis by the finite element method.The temperature field and thermal stresses as well as J⁃integral are compared with those which are calculated by applying the Fourier law to both the TBCs and the substrate.The influence of the physical heat properties of the TBCs on the temperature field and thermal stress and J⁃integral have been analyzed in this paper.It is concluded that the temperature,thermal stress,including the tensile and compressive components,and J⁃integral which are calculated with the EPRT,are lower than that calculated with the Fourier law in the TBCs.Moreover,thermal stress in the TBCs increase with increasing phonon speed and relaxation time,but J⁃integral at the crack tip is in the opposite.展开更多
In this paper, the compactions of the elasto-plastic and the visco-plastic granular assemblies are simulated using the finite element method. Governing equations for motion and deformation for particles, including cou...In this paper, the compactions of the elasto-plastic and the visco-plastic granular assemblies are simulated using the finite element method. Governing equations for motion and deformation for particles, including coupling of rigid body motion and deformation for deformable bodies, are investigated. An implicit discrete element method for block systems is developed to make visco-plastic analysis for the assemblies. Among particles, three different contact types, cohering, rubbing and sliding, are taken into account. To verify accuracy and efficiency of the numerical method, some numerical example is simulated and the results are in a satisfactory agreement with the solutions in literatures. The effects of frictional condition, the initial solid volume ratio, the number of particles in the assembly, and different types of compact- tion on the compaction of the elasto-plastic and the visco-plastic aggregates are investigated. It is demonstrated that the effect of frictional condition, the initial solid volume ratio, the number of particles in the assembly, and different types of compaction on the global behavior of the elasto-plastic the visco-plastic granular assemblies under compacting are considerable. The numerical model is extended to simulate the compaction of aggregates consisting of mixed particles of different viscous incompressible materials. It is indicated that, with minor modification, the method could be used in a variety of problems that can be represented using granular media, such as asphalt, polymers, aluminum, snow, food product, etc.展开更多
To improve the high-temperature ablation resistance properties of Ta(W) refractory alloys, a novel ultra-high-temperature ceramic (UHTC) composite coating was prepared by combining the technological advantages of high...To improve the high-temperature ablation resistance properties of Ta(W) refractory alloys, a novel ultra-high-temperature ceramic (UHTC) composite coating was prepared by combining the technological advantages of high-speed laser cladding (HSLC) and pack cementation (PC). First, the HSLC process was employed to fabricate a (Hf,Ta)C–Ta(W) UHTC–refractory metal composite coating that had metallurgical bonding with the Ta(W) substrate. Then, the PC process was utilized to transform the refractory metal phase in the coating into the corresponding refractory silicide (RMSi2) phase. Consequently, the (Hf,Ta)C–TaSi2 UHTC composite coating was successfully prepared. This new coating was ablated at a heat flux density of 8.0 MW/m2 for 300 s at a surface temperature of 2300 ℃, and the structural integrity of the coating was retained. The linear ablation rate of the coating is −0.67 µm/s. The ablated coating exhibits three distinct oxide layers: a loose HfO2 top layer, a dense HfO2 middle layer, and a slightly oxidized (Hf,Ta)CxOy–Hf–Ta–O glassy layer. The synergistic effect of HfO2 and Hf–Ta–O glassy oxide film endows the coating with excellent anti-ablation resistance. This innovative design of the UHTC–RMSi2 composite coating provides robust protection to the Ta(W) substrate from ultra-high temperature ablation and mechanical scouring.展开更多
Correlation power analysis(CPA) has become a successful attack method about crypto-graphic hardware to recover the secret keys. However, the noise influence caused by the random process interrupts(RPIs) becomes an imp...Correlation power analysis(CPA) has become a successful attack method about crypto-graphic hardware to recover the secret keys. However, the noise influence caused by the random process interrupts(RPIs) becomes an important factor of the power analysis attack efficiency, which will cost more traces or attack time. To address the issue, an improved method about empirical mode decomposition(EMD) was proposed. Instead of restructuring the decomposed signals of intrinsic mode functions(IMFs), we extract a certain intrinsic mode function(IMF) as new feature signal for CPA attack. Meantime, a new attack assessment is proposed to compare the attack effectiveness of different methods. The experiment shows that our method has more excellent performance on CPA than others. The first and the second IMF can be chosen as two optimal feature signals in CPA. In the new method, the signals of the first IMF increase peak visibility by 64% than those of the tradition EMD method in the situation of non-noise. On the condition of different noise interference, the orders of attack efficiencies are also same. With external noise interference, the attack effect of the first IMF based on noise with 15dB is the best.展开更多
The intrinsically low toughness and high brittleness of diboride ceramics are major limitations restricting their widespread application.Toughness can be enhanced through increased configurational entropy;however,the ...The intrinsically low toughness and high brittleness of diboride ceramics are major limitations restricting their widespread application.Toughness can be enhanced through increased configurational entropy;however,the physical mechanisms underpinning this entropy-induced toughening remain poorly understood.In this study,a comprehensive approach from element screening to mechanistic elucidation and experimental validation is undertaken to address these gaps.First,a theory-guided element screening strategy is employed.Starting from dilute solid-solution models and integrating calculation of phase diagrams(CALPHAD)composition-property fitting,Ta,Nb,Mo,Hf,and V are identified for their synergistic optimization of hardness and toughness.Subsequently,the evolution of toughness with increasing configurational entropy is assessed using bulk modulus/shear modulus(B/G),fracture toughness(KIC),and related metrics.The calculations are validated against available experimental data,revealing an almost monotonic trend,with the six-component system exhibiting a KIC exceeding 5.8 MPa·m1/2—approximately double that of the single-component counterpart.A systematic analysis of the lattice distortion and crystal orbital Hamilton population is performed for diborides containing two to six alloying elements.From a bond-strength perspective,the toughening mechanism originates from increased thermodynamic disorder,which broadens and flattens the bond-strength distribution,giving rise to a“bond-strength trap”.Experimental validation is conducted on the(TiTa)B2 and(TiNb)B2 systems with pronounced bond-strength contrast,as well as the ternary(TiTaNb)B2 system.The results corroborate the predicted electronic bonding evolution,while further analysis of phonon force constants and stacking fault energies indicates that the synergy between strengthened M–B bonds and reduced dislocation slip barriers underpins the enhanced toughness.展开更多
Rock bolting technique is an important reinforcement measure in the geotechnical engineering practice.New rock bolts have been continuously emerging through the development of rock supporting technology.Complex condit...Rock bolting technique is an important reinforcement measure in the geotechnical engineering practice.New rock bolts have been continuously emerging through the development of rock supporting technology.Complex conditions,such as high crustal stress,extremely soft rock,and strong mining disturbance often occur in the deep mining,resulting in large deformation of the surrounding rock masses.Since the deformation of traditional rock bolts is generally below 200 mm,failure often occurs to the rock bolts because of insufficient deformability.To effectively control the large deformation of surrounding rock masses caused by complex conditions,it is necessary to develop large deformation rock bolts with high constant resistance,also called energy-absorbing bolts.This paper systematically reviews the development of large deformation rock bolts and the structure,energy absorption mechanism,anchorage performance,and mechanical properties of several typical large deformation rock bolts.The advantages and disadvantages of existing large deformation rock bolts are compared and the concept of constant resistance large deformation support is introduced.展开更多
The pod and seed counts are important yield-related traits in soybean.High-precision soybean breeders face the major challenge of accurately phenotyping the number of pods and seeds in a high-throughput manner.Recent ...The pod and seed counts are important yield-related traits in soybean.High-precision soybean breeders face the major challenge of accurately phenotyping the number of pods and seeds in a high-throughput manner.Recent advances in artificial intelligence,especially deep learning(DL)models,have provided new avenues for high-throughput phenotyping of crop traits with increased precision.However,the available DL models are less effective for phenotyping pods that are densely packed and overlap in insitu soybean plants;thus,accurate phenotyping of the number of pods and seeds in soybean plant is an important challenge.To address this challenge,the present study proposed a bottom-up model,DEKR-SPrior(disentangled keypoint regression with structural prior),for insitu soybean pod phenotyping,which considers soybean pods and seeds analogous to human people and joints,respectively.In particular,we designed a novel structural prior(SPrior)module that utilizes cosine similarity to improve feature discrimination,which is important for differentiating closely located seeds from highly similar seeds.To further enhance the accuracy of pod location,we cropped full-sized images into smaller and high-resolution subimages for analysis.The results on our image datasets revealed that DEKR-SPrior outperformed multiple bottom-up models,viz.,Lightweight-Open Pose,OpenPose,HigherH R Net,and DEKR,reducing the mean absolute error from 25.81(in the original DEKR)to 21.11(in the DEKR-SPrior)in pod phenotyping.This paper demonstrated the great potential of DEKR-SPrior for plant phenotyping,and we hope that DEKR-SPrior will help future plant phenotyping.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a 3D stochastic model to predict the percolation threshold and the effective electric conductivity of CNTs/Polymer composites. We consider the tunneling effect in our model so that the unreal...In this paper, we propose a 3D stochastic model to predict the percolation threshold and the effective electric conductivity of CNTs/Polymer composites. We consider the tunneling effect in our model so that the unrealistic interpenetration can be avoided in the identification of the conductive paths between the CNTs inside the polymer. The results are shown to be in good agreement with reported experimental data.展开更多
As mine excavation deepens,ventilation systems often face the challenge of insufficient airflow,while the complex environment poses significant obstacles to powering monitoring and alarm sensors.Here,an integrated and...As mine excavation deepens,ventilation systems often face the challenge of insufficient airflow,while the complex environment poses significant obstacles to powering monitoring and alarm sensors.Here,an integrated and efficient self-powered mine wind speed monitoring and alarm system(SLW-MAS)is proposed based on triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG).The SLW-MAS,featuring a centrifugal structure design,facilitates hierarchical control of the TENG module,thereby enabling differential responses to wind speeds.When the wind speed is lower than 1.5 m/s,the TENG module is maintained in a horizontal working state under the action of the centrifugal mechanism and produces a high voltage output;the switch circuit is selected through experiments,which makes it meet the alarm delay of 2 s and avoids the problem of inaccurate alarm caused by unstable airflow.This work provides the feasibility for the construction of an underground distributed Internet of Things monitoring and alarm system.展开更多
Friction,wear,and contact fatigue are the main causes of energy loss,material waste,and equipment failure.The aim of remanufacturing is to repair and modify the damaged equipment surface,and the surface coating is the...Friction,wear,and contact fatigue are the main causes of energy loss,material waste,and equipment failure.The aim of remanufacturing is to repair and modify the damaged equipment surface,and the surface coating is the major material that allows the remanufactured parts to be used in a new round of operation.Thus,the design and preparation of surface coatings are very important to repair,strengthen,or modify the friction pairs,in order to ensure long-term operation of the remanufactured parts.Recent1y,a lot of research on designing and preparing friction pair surface modification coatings has been conducted by the National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing (NKLR).The research conducted achieved the following goals:the mechanism of microano multilayer surface modification coatings with long-term efficacy life was revealed,and the corresponding design considerations and preparation methods of nanocrystalline micro tribological coatings were innovatively developed.A series of new 'two-step' processes to prepare sulfide solid lubricating coatings were developed.The competitive failure mechanism of the surface coating in simultaneous wear and fatigue conditions was revealed,and some composite coatings with dual properties of wear resistance and fatigue resistance were prepared.Based on the stress distribution of friction surface contact areas and the piezoelectric effect,a failure warning intelligent coating is designed and developed.These coatings have been successfully applied to critical friction components,such as the spindle of large centrifugal compressors,engine cylinder piston components,and driver gear pairs.展开更多
Ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC)coatings are used to protect the hot-end components of hypervelocity aerocrafts from thermal ablation.This study provides a new approach to fabricate UHTC coatings with high speed l...Ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC)coatings are used to protect the hot-end components of hypervelocity aerocrafts from thermal ablation.This study provides a new approach to fabricate UHTC coatings with high speed laser cladding(HSLC)technology,and places more emphasis on investigating the formation mechanism,phase compositions,and mechanical properties of HSLC-UHTC coatings.Results show that a well-bonded interface between the coating and the tantalum alloy substrate can be formed.The coating is mainly composed of(Zr,Ta)C ceramic solid solution phase with a content of higher than 90% by volume and Ta(W)metal solid solution phase.At a relatively high powder feeding rate,the ZrC ceramic phase appears in the coating while a dense ZrC UHTC top layer with a thickness of up to~50μm is successfully fabricated.As for the mechanical properties of the HSLC coatings,the fracture toughness of the coating decreases with the increase of powder feeding rate.The increase of carbide solid solution phase can significantly improve the high temperature microhardness(552.7±1.8 HV0.5@1000℃).The innovative design of HSLC ZrC-based coatings on refractory alloys accomplishes continuous transitions on microstructure and properties from the substrate to the UHTC top layer,which is a very promising candidate scheme for thermal protection coating.展开更多
The key to achieving rockburst warning lies in the understanding of rockburst precursors.Considering the cor-relation characteristics of rockburst acoustic emission(AE)parameters,a self-organizing map neural network(S...The key to achieving rockburst warning lies in the understanding of rockburst precursors.Considering the cor-relation characteristics of rockburst acoustic emission(AE)parameters,a self-organizing map neural network(SOMNN)based method for rockburst precursor inversion was proposed.The feature of this method lies in a cyclic data segmentation iteration process based on the thinking of“interference signal screening”,“key signal extraction”,and“precursor signal inversion”.The rationality of this method has been verified in three groups of rockburst experiments.The results revealed that rockburst AE precursor signals consist of a series of signals characterized by long duration,high energy,low average frequency,high energy amplitude,and low peak fre-quency.Subsequently,potential value in long term rockburst warning of the precursor obtained in this study was shown via the comparison of conventional precursors.Finally,a preliminary interpretation for rockburst pre-cursor was proposed under the framework of AE parameters physical significance,and it is revealed that AE precursor signals are likely linked to the creation of large-scale tensile cracks before rockburst.展开更多
The C-glycosidic bond that connects the sugar moiety with aglycone is difficult to be broken or made due to its inert nature.The knowledge of C-glycoside breakdown and synthesis is very limited.Recently,the enzyme Dgp...The C-glycosidic bond that connects the sugar moiety with aglycone is difficult to be broken or made due to its inert nature.The knowledge of C-glycoside breakdown and synthesis is very limited.Recently,the enzyme Dgp A/B/C cascade from a human intestinal bacterium PUE was identified to specifically cleave the C-glycosidic bond of puerarin(daidzein-8-C-glucoside).Here we investigated how puerarin is recognized and oxidized by Dgp A based on crystal structures of Dgp A with or without substrate and biochemical characterization.More strikingly,we found that apart from being a C-glycoside cleaving enzyme,Dgp A/B/C is capable of efficiently converting O-to C-glycoside showing the activity as a structure isomerase.A possible mechanistic model was proposed dependently of the simulated complex structure of Dgp B/C with 3’’-oxo-daidzin and structure-based mutagenesis.Our findings not only shed light on understanding the enzyme-mediated C-glycosidic bond breakage and formation,but also may help to facilitate stereospecific C-glycoside synthesis in pharmaceutical industry.展开更多
In this manuscript,we study fracture of prestressed cylindrical concrete pipes.Such concrete pipes play a major role in tunneling and underground engineering.The structure is modelled fully in 3D using three-dimension...In this manuscript,we study fracture of prestressed cylindrical concrete pipes.Such concrete pipes play a major role in tunneling and underground engineering.The structure is modelled fully in 3D using three-dimensional continuum elements for the concrete structure which beam elements are employed to model the reinforcement.This allows the method to capture important phenomena compared to a pure shell model of concrete.A continuous approach to fracture is chosen when concrete is subjected to compressive loading while a combined continuous-discrete fracture method is employed in tension.The model is validated through comparisons with experimental data.展开更多
Mechanical signal capture without physical contact has emerged as a highly promising research field and attracted tremendous attention due to its prosperous applications in household medical care,lifestyle monitoring ...Mechanical signal capture without physical contact has emerged as a highly promising research field and attracted tremendous attention due to its prosperous applications in household medical care,lifestyle monitoring and remote operation,offering users high level of safety,convenience and comfort.Moreover,noncontact sensing is ideal to maximize the immersive user experience in the human–machine interaction(HMI),eliminating interference to human activities and mechanical fatigue to the sensor,simultaneously.Herein,we report a self-powered flexible sensor integrated with irradiation cross-linked polypropylene(IXPP)piezoelectret film for noncontact sensing,featuring multi-functions to detect mechanical signals transmitted through solid,liquid and gaseous media and would facilitate their versatile practical applications.The folded-structure configuration of the sensor facilitates the improvement of the noncontact sensing sensitivity.For solid media,such as the rectangular wooden stick used in this study,the sensor can detect mechanical stimulus exerted at a distance of 100 cm.A system detection sensitivity up to 57 pC/kPa with a low detection limit of 0.6 kPa is achieved at a noncontact distance of 10 cm.Even when partly or completely immersed in water,the sensor effectively traces movement signals of human bodies underwater,demonstrating great advantages for non-inductive aquatic fitness training monitoring.Furthermore,due to the low acoustic impedance of piezoelectret film,speech recognition through gaseous medium is also achieved.We further introduce application demonstrations of the developed film sensors to monitor exercise postures and physiological signals without direct contact between human body and the sensor,displaying great potential to be incorporated into future smart electronics.This study commendably expands the application scope of piezoelectret materials,which will have profound implications for exploring novel intelligent human–machine interactions.展开更多
In this paper,we study some kinds of generalized valuations on MTL-algebras,discuss the relationship between the cokernel of generalized valuations and types of filters on MTL-algebras.Then,we give some equivalent cha...In this paper,we study some kinds of generalized valuations on MTL-algebras,discuss the relationship between the cokernel of generalized valuations and types of filters on MTL-algebras.Then,we give some equivalent characterizations of positive implicative generalized valuations on MTL-algebras.Finally,we characterize the structure theory of quotient MTL algebras based on the congruence relation,which is constructed by generalized valuations.The results of this paper not only generalize related theories of generalized valuations,but also enrich the algebraic conclusion of probability measure,on algebras of triangular norm based fuzzy logic.展开更多
Via an insufficient coat protein complex I(COPI)retrieval signal,the majority of SARSCo V-2 spike(S)is resident in host early secretory organelles and a tiny amount is leaked out in cell surface.Only surface-exposed S...Via an insufficient coat protein complex I(COPI)retrieval signal,the majority of SARSCo V-2 spike(S)is resident in host early secretory organelles and a tiny amount is leaked out in cell surface.Only surface-exposed S can be recognized by B cell receptor(BCR)or anti-S therapeutic monoclonal antibodies(m Abs)that is the trigger step for B cell activation after S m RNA vaccination or infected cell clearance by S m Abs.Now,a drug strategy to promote S host surface exposure is absent.Here,we first combined structural and biochemical analysis to characterize S COPI sorting signals.A potent S COPI sorting inhibitor was then invented,evidently capable of promoting S surface exposure and facilitating infected cell clearance by S antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC).Importantly,with the inhibitor as a probe,we revealed Omicron BA.1 S is less cell surface exposed than prototypes because of a constellation of S folding mutations,possibly corresponding to its ER chaperone association.Our findings not only suggest COPI is a druggable target against COVID-19,but also highlight SARS-Co V-2 evolution mechanism driven by S folding and trafficking mutations.展开更多
Recent experiments have shown that entangled networks of carbon nanotubes exhibit temperature- and frequency-invariant dissipative behaviors under cyclic loading. We have performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics si...Recent experiments have shown that entangled networks of carbon nanotubes exhibit temperature- and frequency-invariant dissipative behaviors under cyclic loading. We have performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations which show that these intriguing phenomena can be attributed to the unstable attachments/detachments between individual carbon nanotubes induced by van der Waals interactions. We show that this behavior can be described by a triboelastic constitutive model. This study highlights the promise of carbon nanomaterials for energy absorption and dissipation under extreme conditions.展开更多
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.52074299 and 41941018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.2023JCCXSB02)are gratefully acknowledged.
摘要To investigate the mechanism of rockburst prevention by spraying water onto the surrounding rocks,15 experiments are performed considering different water absorption levels on a single face.High-speed photography and acoustic emission(AE)system are used to monitor the rockburst process.The effect of water on sandstone rockburst and the prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst are analyzed from the perspective of energy and failure mode.The results show that the higher the ab-sorption degree,the lower the intensity of the rockburst after absorbing water on single side of sand-stone.This is reflected in the fact that with the increase in the water absorption level,the ejection velocity of rockburst fragments is smaller,the depth of the rockburst pit is shallower,and the AE energy is smaller.Under the water absorption level of 100%,the magnitude of rockburst intensity changes from medium to slight.The prevention mechanism of water on sandstone rockburst is that water reduces the capacity of sandstone to store strain energy and accelerates the expansion of shear cracks,which is not conducive to the occurrence of plate cracking before rockburst,and destroys the conditions for rockburst incubation.
基金the Foundation of the Minister of Science and Technology of Fujian Province(Grant No.2017J01668).
摘要Temperature filed,thermal stress,especially tensile stress and J⁃integral are important for thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)under thermal shock.At the micro⁃and nano⁃scale,the energy transport mechanisms are significantly different from those at the macro⁃scale.The temperature fields,which are obtained by combining the Equation of Phonon Radiative Transport(EPRT)(for the nano⁃scale ceramic TBCs)and the Fourier law(for the substrate),are used as the thermal loading in the thermal stress and J⁃integral of an edge in the TBCs analysis by the finite element method.The temperature field and thermal stresses as well as J⁃integral are compared with those which are calculated by applying the Fourier law to both the TBCs and the substrate.The influence of the physical heat properties of the TBCs on the temperature field and thermal stress and J⁃integral have been analyzed in this paper.It is concluded that the temperature,thermal stress,including the tensile and compressive components,and J⁃integral which are calculated with the EPRT,are lower than that calculated with the Fourier law in the TBCs.Moreover,thermal stress in the TBCs increase with increasing phonon speed and relaxation time,but J⁃integral at the crack tip is in the opposite.
摘要In this paper, the compactions of the elasto-plastic and the visco-plastic granular assemblies are simulated using the finite element method. Governing equations for motion and deformation for particles, including coupling of rigid body motion and deformation for deformable bodies, are investigated. An implicit discrete element method for block systems is developed to make visco-plastic analysis for the assemblies. Among particles, three different contact types, cohering, rubbing and sliding, are taken into account. To verify accuracy and efficiency of the numerical method, some numerical example is simulated and the results are in a satisfactory agreement with the solutions in literatures. The effects of frictional condition, the initial solid volume ratio, the number of particles in the assembly, and different types of compact- tion on the compaction of the elasto-plastic and the visco-plastic aggregates are investigated. It is demonstrated that the effect of frictional condition, the initial solid volume ratio, the number of particles in the assembly, and different types of compaction on the global behavior of the elasto-plastic the visco-plastic granular assemblies under compacting are considerable. The numerical model is extended to simulate the compaction of aggregates consisting of mixed particles of different viscous incompressible materials. It is indicated that, with minor modification, the method could be used in a variety of problems that can be represented using granular media, such as asphalt, polymers, aluminum, snow, food product, etc.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105233 and 52275366).
摘要To improve the high-temperature ablation resistance properties of Ta(W) refractory alloys, a novel ultra-high-temperature ceramic (UHTC) composite coating was prepared by combining the technological advantages of high-speed laser cladding (HSLC) and pack cementation (PC). First, the HSLC process was employed to fabricate a (Hf,Ta)C–Ta(W) UHTC–refractory metal composite coating that had metallurgical bonding with the Ta(W) substrate. Then, the PC process was utilized to transform the refractory metal phase in the coating into the corresponding refractory silicide (RMSi2) phase. Consequently, the (Hf,Ta)C–TaSi2 UHTC composite coating was successfully prepared. This new coating was ablated at a heat flux density of 8.0 MW/m2 for 300 s at a surface temperature of 2300 ℃, and the structural integrity of the coating was retained. The linear ablation rate of the coating is −0.67 µm/s. The ablated coating exhibits three distinct oxide layers: a loose HfO2 top layer, a dense HfO2 middle layer, and a slightly oxidized (Hf,Ta)CxOy–Hf–Ta–O glassy layer. The synergistic effect of HfO2 and Hf–Ta–O glassy oxide film endows the coating with excellent anti-ablation resistance. This innovative design of the UHTC–RMSi2 composite coating provides robust protection to the Ta(W) substrate from ultra-high temperature ablation and mechanical scouring.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 61571063,61501100 and 61472357
摘要Correlation power analysis(CPA) has become a successful attack method about crypto-graphic hardware to recover the secret keys. However, the noise influence caused by the random process interrupts(RPIs) becomes an important factor of the power analysis attack efficiency, which will cost more traces or attack time. To address the issue, an improved method about empirical mode decomposition(EMD) was proposed. Instead of restructuring the decomposed signals of intrinsic mode functions(IMFs), we extract a certain intrinsic mode function(IMF) as new feature signal for CPA attack. Meantime, a new attack assessment is proposed to compare the attack effectiveness of different methods. The experiment shows that our method has more excellent performance on CPA than others. The first and the second IMF can be chosen as two optimal feature signals in CPA. In the new method, the signals of the first IMF increase peak visibility by 64% than those of the tradition EMD method in the situation of non-noise. On the condition of different noise interference, the orders of attack efficiencies are also same. With external noise interference, the attack effect of the first IMF based on noise with 15dB is the best.
基金the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202501AS070137)the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(No.202302AG050010)the open research fund of the National Key Laboratory of Marine Corrosion and Protection and the Major R&D Project of Yunnan Province(No.202402AB080007).
摘要The intrinsically low toughness and high brittleness of diboride ceramics are major limitations restricting their widespread application.Toughness can be enhanced through increased configurational entropy;however,the physical mechanisms underpinning this entropy-induced toughening remain poorly understood.In this study,a comprehensive approach from element screening to mechanistic elucidation and experimental validation is undertaken to address these gaps.First,a theory-guided element screening strategy is employed.Starting from dilute solid-solution models and integrating calculation of phase diagrams(CALPHAD)composition-property fitting,Ta,Nb,Mo,Hf,and V are identified for their synergistic optimization of hardness and toughness.Subsequently,the evolution of toughness with increasing configurational entropy is assessed using bulk modulus/shear modulus(B/G),fracture toughness(KIC),and related metrics.The calculations are validated against available experimental data,revealing an almost monotonic trend,with the six-component system exhibiting a KIC exceeding 5.8 MPa·m1/2—approximately double that of the single-component counterpart.A systematic analysis of the lattice distortion and crystal orbital Hamilton population is performed for diborides containing two to six alloying elements.From a bond-strength perspective,the toughening mechanism originates from increased thermodynamic disorder,which broadens and flattens the bond-strength distribution,giving rise to a“bond-strength trap”.Experimental validation is conducted on the(TiTa)B2 and(TiNb)B2 systems with pronounced bond-strength contrast,as well as the ternary(TiTaNb)B2 system.The results corroborate the predicted electronic bonding evolution,while further analysis of phonon force constants and stacking fault energies indicates that the synergy between strengthened M–B bonds and reduced dislocation slip barriers underpins the enhanced toughness.
基金financial supports from the Key Special Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41941018)Open Research Fund of Technology Innovation Center for Geological Environment Monitoring,China(No.2020KFK1212001).
摘要Rock bolting technique is an important reinforcement measure in the geotechnical engineering practice.New rock bolts have been continuously emerging through the development of rock supporting technology.Complex conditions,such as high crustal stress,extremely soft rock,and strong mining disturbance often occur in the deep mining,resulting in large deformation of the surrounding rock masses.Since the deformation of traditional rock bolts is generally below 200 mm,failure often occurs to the rock bolts because of insufficient deformability.To effectively control the large deformation of surrounding rock masses caused by complex conditions,it is necessary to develop large deformation rock bolts with high constant resistance,also called energy-absorbing bolts.This paper systematically reviews the development of large deformation rock bolts and the structure,energy absorption mechanism,anchorage performance,and mechanical properties of several typical large deformation rock bolts.The advantages and disadvantages of existing large deformation rock bolts are compared and the concept of constant resistance large deformation support is introduced.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD-1202600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62103380)+3 种基金the Research and Development Project from the Department of Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province(2023C01042)Soybean Intelligent Computational Breeding and Application of the Zhejiang Lab(2021PE0AC04)Intelligent Technology and Platform Development for Rice Breeding of the Zhejiang Lab(2021PE0AC05)Fine-grained Semantic Modeling and Cross modal Encoding-Decoding for Multilingual Scene Text Extraction(2022M722911).
摘要The pod and seed counts are important yield-related traits in soybean.High-precision soybean breeders face the major challenge of accurately phenotyping the number of pods and seeds in a high-throughput manner.Recent advances in artificial intelligence,especially deep learning(DL)models,have provided new avenues for high-throughput phenotyping of crop traits with increased precision.However,the available DL models are less effective for phenotyping pods that are densely packed and overlap in insitu soybean plants;thus,accurate phenotyping of the number of pods and seeds in soybean plant is an important challenge.To address this challenge,the present study proposed a bottom-up model,DEKR-SPrior(disentangled keypoint regression with structural prior),for insitu soybean pod phenotyping,which considers soybean pods and seeds analogous to human people and joints,respectively.In particular,we designed a novel structural prior(SPrior)module that utilizes cosine similarity to improve feature discrimination,which is important for differentiating closely located seeds from highly similar seeds.To further enhance the accuracy of pod location,we cropped full-sized images into smaller and high-resolution subimages for analysis.The results on our image datasets revealed that DEKR-SPrior outperformed multiple bottom-up models,viz.,Lightweight-Open Pose,OpenPose,HigherH R Net,and DEKR,reducing the mean absolute error from 25.81(in the original DEKR)to 21.11(in the DEKR-SPrior)in pod phenotyping.This paper demonstrated the great potential of DEKR-SPrior for plant phenotyping,and we hope that DEKR-SPrior will help future plant phenotyping.
摘要In this paper, we propose a 3D stochastic model to predict the percolation threshold and the effective electric conductivity of CNTs/Polymer composites. We consider the tunneling effect in our model so that the unrealistic interpenetration can be avoided in the identification of the conductive paths between the CNTs inside the polymer. The results are shown to be in good agreement with reported experimental data.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1201601)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Nos.L244004 and 3244038)the Macao university of Science and Technology Faculty Research Grants(General Research Grants,GRFs)(No.FRG-24-084-FIE).
摘要As mine excavation deepens,ventilation systems often face the challenge of insufficient airflow,while the complex environment poses significant obstacles to powering monitoring and alarm sensors.Here,an integrated and efficient self-powered mine wind speed monitoring and alarm system(SLW-MAS)is proposed based on triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG).The SLW-MAS,featuring a centrifugal structure design,facilitates hierarchical control of the TENG module,thereby enabling differential responses to wind speeds.When the wind speed is lower than 1.5 m/s,the TENG module is maintained in a horizontal working state under the action of the centrifugal mechanism and produces a high voltage output;the switch circuit is selected through experiments,which makes it meet the alarm delay of 2 s and avoids the problem of inaccurate alarm caused by unstable airflow.This work provides the feasibility for the construction of an underground distributed Internet of Things monitoring and alarm system.
摘要Friction,wear,and contact fatigue are the main causes of energy loss,material waste,and equipment failure.The aim of remanufacturing is to repair and modify the damaged equipment surface,and the surface coating is the major material that allows the remanufactured parts to be used in a new round of operation.Thus,the design and preparation of surface coatings are very important to repair,strengthen,or modify the friction pairs,in order to ensure long-term operation of the remanufactured parts.Recent1y,a lot of research on designing and preparing friction pair surface modification coatings has been conducted by the National Key Laboratory for Remanufacturing (NKLR).The research conducted achieved the following goals:the mechanism of microano multilayer surface modification coatings with long-term efficacy life was revealed,and the corresponding design considerations and preparation methods of nanocrystalline micro tribological coatings were innovatively developed.A series of new 'two-step' processes to prepare sulfide solid lubricating coatings were developed.The competitive failure mechanism of the surface coating in simultaneous wear and fatigue conditions was revealed,and some composite coatings with dual properties of wear resistance and fatigue resistance were prepared.Based on the stress distribution of friction surface contact areas and the piezoelectric effect,a failure warning intelligent coating is designed and developed.These coatings have been successfully applied to critical friction components,such as the spindle of large centrifugal compressors,engine cylinder piston components,and driver gear pairs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52105233 and 52275366)the Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(No.22JCYBJC01590).
摘要Ultra-high temperature ceramic(UHTC)coatings are used to protect the hot-end components of hypervelocity aerocrafts from thermal ablation.This study provides a new approach to fabricate UHTC coatings with high speed laser cladding(HSLC)technology,and places more emphasis on investigating the formation mechanism,phase compositions,and mechanical properties of HSLC-UHTC coatings.Results show that a well-bonded interface between the coating and the tantalum alloy substrate can be formed.The coating is mainly composed of(Zr,Ta)C ceramic solid solution phase with a content of higher than 90% by volume and Ta(W)metal solid solution phase.At a relatively high powder feeding rate,the ZrC ceramic phase appears in the coating while a dense ZrC UHTC top layer with a thickness of up to~50μm is successfully fabricated.As for the mechanical properties of the HSLC coatings,the fracture toughness of the coating decreases with the increase of powder feeding rate.The increase of carbide solid solution phase can significantly improve the high temperature microhardness(552.7±1.8 HV0.5@1000℃).The innovative design of HSLC ZrC-based coatings on refractory alloys accomplishes continuous transitions on microstructure and properties from the substrate to the UHTC top layer,which is a very promising candidate scheme for thermal protection coating.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074299,No.41941018)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2023JCCXSB02)the China Geological Survey projects(No.DD20200319)are gratefully acknowledged.
摘要The key to achieving rockburst warning lies in the understanding of rockburst precursors.Considering the cor-relation characteristics of rockburst acoustic emission(AE)parameters,a self-organizing map neural network(SOMNN)based method for rockburst precursor inversion was proposed.The feature of this method lies in a cyclic data segmentation iteration process based on the thinking of“interference signal screening”,“key signal extraction”,and“precursor signal inversion”.The rationality of this method has been verified in three groups of rockburst experiments.The results revealed that rockburst AE precursor signals consist of a series of signals characterized by long duration,high energy,low average frequency,high energy amplitude,and low peak fre-quency.Subsequently,potential value in long term rockburst warning of the precursor obtained in this study was shown via the comparison of conventional precursors.Finally,a preliminary interpretation for rockburst pre-cursor was proposed under the framework of AE parameters physical significance,and it is revealed that AE precursor signals are likely linked to the creation of large-scale tensile cracks before rockburst.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81073018 and 81274044)to Rufeng WangStartup fund program at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(90011451310011)key research fund for drug discovery in Chinese medicine at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(1000061223476)to Wenfu Ma。
摘要The C-glycosidic bond that connects the sugar moiety with aglycone is difficult to be broken or made due to its inert nature.The knowledge of C-glycoside breakdown and synthesis is very limited.Recently,the enzyme Dgp A/B/C cascade from a human intestinal bacterium PUE was identified to specifically cleave the C-glycosidic bond of puerarin(daidzein-8-C-glucoside).Here we investigated how puerarin is recognized and oxidized by Dgp A based on crystal structures of Dgp A with or without substrate and biochemical characterization.More strikingly,we found that apart from being a C-glycoside cleaving enzyme,Dgp A/B/C is capable of efficiently converting O-to C-glycoside showing the activity as a structure isomerase.A possible mechanistic model was proposed dependently of the simulated complex structure of Dgp B/C with 3’’-oxo-daidzin and structure-based mutagenesis.Our findings not only shed light on understanding the enzyme-mediated C-glycosidic bond breakage and formation,but also may help to facilitate stereospecific C-glycoside synthesis in pharmaceutical industry.
摘要In this manuscript,we study fracture of prestressed cylindrical concrete pipes.Such concrete pipes play a major role in tunneling and underground engineering.The structure is modelled fully in 3D using three-dimensional continuum elements for the concrete structure which beam elements are employed to model the reinforcement.This allows the method to capture important phenomena compared to a pure shell model of concrete.A continuous approach to fracture is chosen when concrete is subjected to compressive loading while a combined continuous-discrete fracture method is employed in tension.The model is validated through comparisons with experimental data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.62201392,12174061 and 12374451).
摘要Mechanical signal capture without physical contact has emerged as a highly promising research field and attracted tremendous attention due to its prosperous applications in household medical care,lifestyle monitoring and remote operation,offering users high level of safety,convenience and comfort.Moreover,noncontact sensing is ideal to maximize the immersive user experience in the human–machine interaction(HMI),eliminating interference to human activities and mechanical fatigue to the sensor,simultaneously.Herein,we report a self-powered flexible sensor integrated with irradiation cross-linked polypropylene(IXPP)piezoelectret film for noncontact sensing,featuring multi-functions to detect mechanical signals transmitted through solid,liquid and gaseous media and would facilitate their versatile practical applications.The folded-structure configuration of the sensor facilitates the improvement of the noncontact sensing sensitivity.For solid media,such as the rectangular wooden stick used in this study,the sensor can detect mechanical stimulus exerted at a distance of 100 cm.A system detection sensitivity up to 57 pC/kPa with a low detection limit of 0.6 kPa is achieved at a noncontact distance of 10 cm.Even when partly or completely immersed in water,the sensor effectively traces movement signals of human bodies underwater,demonstrating great advantages for non-inductive aquatic fitness training monitoring.Furthermore,due to the low acoustic impedance of piezoelectret film,speech recognition through gaseous medium is also achieved.We further introduce application demonstrations of the developed film sensors to monitor exercise postures and physiological signals without direct contact between human body and the sensor,displaying great potential to be incorporated into future smart electronics.This study commendably expands the application scope of piezoelectret materials,which will have profound implications for exploring novel intelligent human–machine interactions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12001423,12171294,61976244,11961016)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2020JQ-762,2021JQ-580,2021JQ-579)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Education Committee of Shannxi Province(Grant No.19JK0626)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.GK202003003,GK200101009).
摘要In this paper,we study some kinds of generalized valuations on MTL-algebras,discuss the relationship between the cokernel of generalized valuations and types of filters on MTL-algebras.Then,we give some equivalent characterizations of positive implicative generalized valuations on MTL-algebras.Finally,we characterize the structure theory of quotient MTL algebras based on the congruence relation,which is constructed by generalized valuations.The results of this paper not only generalize related theories of generalized valuations,but also enrich the algebraic conclusion of probability measure,on algebras of triangular norm based fuzzy logic.
基金supported by Startup fund program at Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(BUCM)(90011451310011,China)to Wenfu Mathe emergency fund against COVID-19 program at BUCM(1000061223476,China)to Wenfu Mathe innovation team and talents cultivation program of national administration of traditional Chinese medicine(ZYYCXTD-C202006,China)to Wenfu Ma。
摘要Via an insufficient coat protein complex I(COPI)retrieval signal,the majority of SARSCo V-2 spike(S)is resident in host early secretory organelles and a tiny amount is leaked out in cell surface.Only surface-exposed S can be recognized by B cell receptor(BCR)or anti-S therapeutic monoclonal antibodies(m Abs)that is the trigger step for B cell activation after S m RNA vaccination or infected cell clearance by S m Abs.Now,a drug strategy to promote S host surface exposure is absent.Here,we first combined structural and biochemical analysis to characterize S COPI sorting signals.A potent S COPI sorting inhibitor was then invented,evidently capable of promoting S surface exposure and facilitating infected cell clearance by S antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity(ADCC).Importantly,with the inhibitor as a probe,we revealed Omicron BA.1 S is less cell surface exposed than prototypes because of a constellation of S folding mutations,possibly corresponding to its ER chaperone association.Our findings not only suggest COPI is a druggable target against COVID-19,but also highlight SARS-Co V-2 evolution mechanism driven by S folding and trafficking mutations.
摘要Recent experiments have shown that entangled networks of carbon nanotubes exhibit temperature- and frequency-invariant dissipative behaviors under cyclic loading. We have performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations which show that these intriguing phenomena can be attributed to the unstable attachments/detachments between individual carbon nanotubes induced by van der Waals interactions. We show that this behavior can be described by a triboelastic constitutive model. This study highlights the promise of carbon nanomaterials for energy absorption and dissipation under extreme conditions.