Influenza A virus(IAV)is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and can cause global influenza pandemics and seasonal influenza outbreaks.Generation of recombinant IAV expressing a fluorescent protein will allow...Influenza A virus(IAV)is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and can cause global influenza pandemics and seasonal influenza outbreaks.Generation of recombinant IAV expressing a fluorescent protein will allow the infection to be easily monitored.In this study,we initially constructed a replication-defective H1N1/ΔPB2-GFP and a replication-competent H1N1/NS-GFP.However,these two reporter IAVs exhibited genetic instability.To stabilize the recombinant viral genome,we recoded the gfp sequence(rGFP)using synonymous codons to mimic the high-NP-binding regions involved in NP-vRNA interaction.This approach resulted in the development of replication-defective H1N1/ΔPB2(300)-rGFP and replication-competent H1N1/NS-rGFP,both of which exhibited enhanced stability in GFP expression.By replacing the HA segment from strain A/mink/China/CY 2017(H5N1),we also generated a replication-defective H5N1/ΔPB2(300)-rGFP,which showed excellent genetic stability.Using these reporter IAVs,the blocking of virus infection by neutralizing antibodies and antivirals can be rapidly detected by the loss of fluorescent reporter expression.Replication-defective reporter IAVs constructed in this study can only infect and replicate in cells expressing PB2,allowing the possibility of manipulation of highly pathogenic IAV and their related reassortant strains in biosafety level-2 laboratories.Our data highlight the importance of NP-vRNA interaction for the stability of IAV genome,and the reporter IAVs generated using this strategy could be powerful tools for both basic and applied influenza virus research.展开更多
In order to deal with aliasing distortions of Doppler frequencies shown in time-frequency representation( TFR) with aspect undersampling,an approach using adaptive segmental compressive sampling according to the asp...In order to deal with aliasing distortions of Doppler frequencies shown in time-frequency representation( TFR) with aspect undersampling,an approach using adaptive segmental compressive sampling according to the aspect dependencies of the scattering centers is proposed. The random noise problem induced by compressive sampling is solved by employing a series of signal processing techniques of filtering,image transformation and Hough Transform. Three examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of this approach. The comparisons between the built models and the precise scattered fields computed by a well-validated full-wave numerical method are investigated,and the results showgood agreements between each other.展开更多
Biodegradable magnesium alloys show promising potential for pancreatic duct stents,yet their degradation varies significantly across physiological environments.This study compared the corrosion rates of extruded Mg-2Z...Biodegradable magnesium alloys show promising potential for pancreatic duct stents,yet their degradation varies significantly across physiological environments.This study compared the corrosion rates of extruded Mg-2Zn-xMn(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5 wt.%)alloys in human pancreatic fluid.The results revealed that the alloys undergo different corrosion mechanisms in human pancreatic fluid,emphasizing the necessity of conducting evaluations under physiologically relevant conditions.Further investigations into the degradation mechanism in pancreatic fluid indicated that the alkaline PH(8.3–8.7),high bicarbonate concentration,and enzymatic activity significantly influence the corrosion process.Electrochemical and immersion tests showed rapid initial corrosion due to Cl−attack,followed by the formation of a protective Mg(OH)2,MgCO3,and Ca3(PO4)2layer that slowed degradation.However,digestive enzymes,particularly trypsin,disrupt passivation by interacting with organic components,leading to pitting and filiform corrosion.Among the investigated alloys,Mg-2Zn-1.0Mn exhibited the most favorable combination of corrosion resistance,mechanical performance,and cytocompatibility.This study highlights the critical impact of pancreatic fluid on magnesium alloy degradation and stresses the need for physiologically accurate evaluations.展开更多
Neural stem cell transplantation is a useful treatment for ischemic stroke, but apoptosis often occurs in the hypoxic-ischemic environment of the brain after cell transplantation. In this study, we determined if mild ...Neural stem cell transplantation is a useful treatment for ischemic stroke, but apoptosis often occurs in the hypoxic-ischemic environment of the brain after cell transplantation. In this study, we determined if mild hypothermia (27-28~C) can increase the survival rate of neural stem cells (1.0 x 105/~tL) transplanted into neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Long-term effects on neurological functioning of the mice were also examined. After mild hy- pothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation, we observed decreased expression levels of inflammatory factor nuclear factor-kappa B and apoptotic factor caspase-3, reduced cerebral infarct volumes, increased survival rate of transplanted cells, and marked improvements in neurological function. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation are superior to those of monotherapy. Moreover, our findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are achieved by anti-inflammatory and an- ti-apoptotic mechanisms.展开更多
Fecal bacteria contaminate water resources and result in associated waterborne diseases.This study assessed drinking water quality and evaluated their potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan. Ground and surface drink...Fecal bacteria contaminate water resources and result in associated waterborne diseases.This study assessed drinking water quality and evaluated their potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan. Ground and surface drinking water were randomly collected from upstream to downstream in the River Swat watershed and analyzed for fecal contamination using fecal indicator bacteria(Escherichia coli) and physiochemical parameters(potential of hydrogen, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, color, odor and taste). The physiochemical parameters were within their safe limits except in a few locations, whereas, the fecal contaminations in drinking water resources exceeded the drinking water quality standards of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency(Pak-EPA),2008 and World Health Organization(WHO), 2011. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that downstream urbanization trend, minimum distance between water sources and pit latrines/sewerage systems, raw sewage deep well injection and amplified urban,pastures and agricultural runoffs having human and animal excreta were the possible sources of contamination. The questionnaire survey revealed that majority of the local people using 10–20 years old drinking water supply schemes at the rate of 73% well supply,13% hand pump supply, 11% spring supply and 3% river/streams supply, which spreads high prevalence of water borne diseases including hepatitis, intestinal infections and diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, jaundice and skin diseases in children followed by older and younger adults.展开更多
Acute lung injury(ALI)linked to sepsis has a high mortality rate,with limited treatment options available.In recent studies,medical ozone has shown the potential to alleviate inflammation and infection.Here,we aimed t...Acute lung injury(ALI)linked to sepsis has a high mortality rate,with limited treatment options available.In recent studies,medical ozone has shown the potential to alleviate inflammation and infection.Here,we aimed to evaluate therapeutic potential of medical ozone in a mouse model of the sepsis-induced ALI by measuring behavioral assessments,lung function,and blood flow.Protein levels were quantified by Western blotting.In vitro,we performed experiments on bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)to investigate the effect of adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)inhibitors and agonists on their phagocytic activity.The results showed that medical ozone significantly improved the survival rate,ameliorated lung injury,and enhanced lung function and limb microcirculation in mice with ALI.Notably,medical ozone inhibited the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),a crucial factor in the ALI development.Additionally,medical ozone counteracted the elevated levels of tissue factor,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and interleukin-1β.In the ALI mice,the effects of ozone were abolished,and BMDMs showed an impaired capacity to engulf NETs following the Sr-a1 knockout.Under normal physiological conditions,the administration of an AMPK antagonist showed similar effects on the Sr-a1 knockout,significantly inhibiting the phagocytosis of NETs by BMDMs.In contrast,AMPK agonists enhanced this phagocytic process.In conclusion,medical ozone may alleviate the sepsis-induced lung injury through the AMPK/SR-A1 pathway,thereby enhancing the phagocytosis of NETs by macrophages.展开更多
In this study, PC12 Adh cells and Neuro-2a cells were treated with Rho-associated kinase inhibitors (Y27632 and Fasudil), a cyclooxygenase-1 selective inhibitor (SC560), and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (NS398)....In this study, PC12 Adh cells and Neuro-2a cells were treated with Rho-associated kinase inhibitors (Y27632 and Fasudil), a cyclooxygenase-1 selective inhibitor (SC560), and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (NS398). We found that these cells became tolerant to Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, as neurite outgrowth induced by these inhibitors diminished following more than 3 days of exposure in either cell line. The proteins cyclooxygenase-2 and cytosolic prostaglandin E synthetase were upregulated at day 3. NS398 decreased the tolerance to neurite outgrowth induction in both cell lines, whereas SC560 had almost no effect. These findings indicate that cells become tolerant to neurite outgrowth induced by Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, this is at least partly associated with upregulation of proteins involved in the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway, and cyclooxygenases-2 inhibition prevents this tolerance.展开更多
An optimal preventive-corrective control model for static voltage stability under multiple N-1 contingencies considering the wind power uncertainty is established in this paper.The objective is to minimize the control...An optimal preventive-corrective control model for static voltage stability under multiple N-1 contingencies considering the wind power uncertainty is established in this paper.The objective is to minimize the control variable adjustment cost including the load shedding cost of each contingency.The chance constraints of the static voltage stability margins(SvSMs)in the normal operation state and after each N-1 contingency are included.The approximate functions between the probability density functions(PDFs)of SVSMs and load shedding quantity with respect to preventive control variables are obtained to transform the expectation of load shedding quantity and the SvSM chance constraints into deterministic expressions.An approximate sequential convex quadratically constrained quadratic programming iteration method is proposed to solve the optimal control model.In each iteration,the approximate expressions and range are determined by the generated data samples.Moreover,a fast approximation calculation method of second-order matrices is proposed.By the naive Bayes classifier,the most severe N-1 contingencies are selected to replace all the contingencies to be added to the optimization model to improve the computational efficiency.Case studies on the IEEE-39 bus system and an actual provincial power grid demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.展开更多
“Chiral-induced spin selectivity(CISS)”and its device applications are predominantly at the experimental stage,with mechanisms not fully understood.There is a need for new chiral materials with simple structures and...“Chiral-induced spin selectivity(CISS)”and its device applications are predominantly at the experimental stage,with mechanisms not fully understood.There is a need for new chiral materials with simple structures and high room-temperature electron spin polarization rates,crucial for theoretical studies and low-power spin optoelectronic devices.This study examines the CISS effect in carbon nanotubes,graphene chiral rolls,and graphene chiral stacks.While all three exhibit chirality,only the one-side follow curved surface of the graphene rolls demonstrates the CISS effect.Using true and false chirality analysis from Professor Barron,we found that only the charge motion(current)on the chiral surface is true chiral,leading to spin polarization.Thus,the CISS phenomenon occurs when charge motion on the chiral surface is chiral.Both chiral surface structures and chiral charge motion are necessary for electron spin polarization.Further theoretical validation of these conditions will enhance CISS theory.展开更多
Broiler chickens are traditionally weighed by steelyard or platform scale,which is timeconsuming and labor-intensive.Broiler chickens usually exhibit stress-related behavior during weighing.The 3D camera-based weighin...Broiler chickens are traditionally weighed by steelyard or platform scale,which is timeconsuming and labor-intensive.Broiler chickens usually exhibit stress-related behavior during weighing.The 3D camera-based weighing system for broiler chickens can only weigh the broiler chicken in the monitoring area.Usually,it makes poor weight prediction due to poor segmentation especially when the broiler chicken is flapping its wings.To solve these issues,we developed one simple and low-cost weighing system with high stability and accuracy.A validity value extraction method from dynamic weighing was proposed.Then,an improved amplitude-limiting filtering algorithm and a BP neural networks model were developed to avoid accidental interference.The BP neural networks model used daily weight gain,day-age,average velocity,and the weight data after filtering algorithm as the input layer.The weighing system was tested in a commercial Beijing Fatty Chickens house with Beijing Fatty Chickens.We tested thirteen groups of Beijing Fatty Chickens of different weights,from 500 g to 1800 g in intervals of 100 g,using the three different methods:no filtering algorithm or BP neural networks,only the improved amplitude-limiting filtering algorithm and a hybrid of the improved amplitude-limiting filtering algorithm and BP neural networks.The results showed that the hybrid algorithm had a better performance in minimizing the error,lowering from the original 6%down to 3%.The accurate weight data was transmitted to the remote service platform for further decision-making,such as activity analysis,feeding management,and health alerts.展开更多
Calculation of static voltage stability margin(SVSM)of AC/DC power systems with lots of renewable energy sources(RESs)integration requires consideration of uncertain load growth and renewable energy generation output....Calculation of static voltage stability margin(SVSM)of AC/DC power systems with lots of renewable energy sources(RESs)integration requires consideration of uncertain load growth and renewable energy generation output.This paper presents a bi-level optimal power flow(BLOPF)model to identify the worst-case SVSM of an AC/DC power system with line commutation converter-based HVDC and multi-terminal voltage sourced converter-based HVDC transmission lines.Constraints of uncertain load growth’s hypercone model and control mode switching of DC converter stations are considered in the BLOPF model.Moreover,uncertain RES output fluctuations are described as intervals,and two three-level optimal power flow(TLOPF)models are established to identify interval bounds of the system worst-case SVSM.The two TLOPF models are both transformed into max–min bi-level optimization models according to independent characteristics of different uncertain variables.Then,transforming the inner level model into its dual form,max–min BLOPF models are simplified to single-level optimization models for direct solution.Calculation results on the modified IEEE-39 bus AC/DC case and an actual large-scale AC/DC case in China indicate correctness and efficiency of the proposed identification method.展开更多
The side-curtain is popular in cattle buildings to regulate indoor climates and ventilation rates by adjusting the opening ratio.It normally had three different adjusting strategies relate to the position of rollers,i...The side-curtain is popular in cattle buildings to regulate indoor climates and ventilation rates by adjusting the opening ratio.It normally had three different adjusting strategies relate to the position of rollers,i.e.central roller(S1),top roller(S2)and bottom roller(S3),which result in different opening behaviors to generate the same opening ratio but different opening positions in the side wall for a full-curtain house.Numerical simulations were conducted using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to investigate the effects of the eight potential opening behaviors of side curtains on the indoor climates and airflow rates in winter for a typical naturally ventilated dairy house in China when the opening ratio were 8.5%and 17%.Airflow patterns,wind chilled temperature(WCT)and age of air were analyzed in the animal occupied zone(AOZ)by taking reference planes.Openings at the very bottom of side walls had more efficient ventilation due to the younger air age,more effective air disturbing,more uniformly distributed indicators in AOZ.However,it will result in a lower WCT in AOZ although a lower ventilation rate was observed in this case.Openings on the very top of side wall would generate a better thermal comfort in AOZ but with very poor air quality and nonuniformly distributed airflows in the dairy house.S1 was not recommended to the practical application due to the poor indoor climate and the higher cost of the mechanical structure.Based on the comprehensive evaluations of the analytic hierarchy process,the most satisfaction opening positions were at the bottom of the side curtains and the optimized adjusting strategy is S2.展开更多
China is the world's largest producer of pigs,but traditional manual prevention,treatment,and diagnosis methods cannot satisfy the demands of the current intensive production environment.Existing computer-aided di...China is the world's largest producer of pigs,but traditional manual prevention,treatment,and diagnosis methods cannot satisfy the demands of the current intensive production environment.Existing computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)systems for pigs are dominated by expert systems,which cannot be widely applied because the collection and maintenance of knowledge is difficult,and most of them ignore the effect of multimodal information.A swine disease diagnosis model was proposed in this study,the Text-Guided Fusion Network-Swine Diagnosis(TGFN-SD)model,which integrated text case reports and disease images.The model integrated the differences and complementary information in the multimodal representation of diseases through the text-guided transformer module such that text case reports could carry the semantic information of disease images for disease identification.Moreover,it alleviated the phenotypic overlap problem caused by similar diseases in combination with supervised learning and self-supervised learning.Experimental results revealed that TGFN-SD achieved satisfactory performance on a constructed swine disease image and text dataset(SDT6K)that covered six disease classification datasets with accuracy and F1-score of 94.48%and 94.4%respectively.The accuracies and F1-scores increased by 8.35%and 7.24%compared with those under the unimodal situation and by 2.02%and 1.63%compared with those of the optimal baseline model under the multimodal fusion.Additionally,interpretability analysis revealed that the model focus area was consistent with the habits and rules of the veterinary clinical diagnosis of pigs,indicating the effectiveness of the proposed model and providing new ideas and perspectives for the study of swine disease CAD.展开更多
It is challenging to estimate the air exchange rate(AER)dynamically in naturally ventilated livestock buildings such as dairy houses due to the influence of complex and variable outdoor environmental factors,large ope...It is challenging to estimate the air exchange rate(AER)dynamically in naturally ventilated livestock buildings such as dairy houses due to the influence of complex and variable outdoor environmental factors,large opening ratios,and the confusion of inflow and outflow at openings.This makes it difficult to efficiently regulate the opening ratio to meet the ventilation requirements in naturally ventilated livestock buildings.In this study,the air exchange rates of naturally ventilated cattle houses(NVCHs)in different seasons and opening ratios were obtained through field measurements and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations.A fast and efficient machine learning framework was proposed and examined to predict AER based on the gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)combined with Bayesian optimization.Compared with commonly used machine learning models such as multilayer perceptrons(MLPs)and support vector machines(SVMs),the proposed GBDT model has higher prediction accuracy and can avoid falling easily into local optima.Compared with the existing mechanical model based on the Bernoulli equation,the proposed GBDT model showed a slightly higher prediction than the mechanistic model and was much easier to use in AER estimation when inputting easily collected environmental factors in practical applications.Using Bayesian optimization could dramatically reduce the computing time when determining the optimal hyperparameter for establishing the GBDT model,dramatically saving on computing resources.Based on the Bayesian optimized GBDT model,the desirable opening ratio of the side curtain can be determined for automatically regulating the AER of cattle houses in future applications.展开更多
An important index for raw milk storage in a dairy farm is the raw milk storage temperature which directly reflects the raw milk quality.Meanwhile,it’s hard to centrally manage numerous dairy farms which are not dist...An important index for raw milk storage in a dairy farm is the raw milk storage temperature which directly reflects the raw milk quality.Meanwhile,it’s hard to centrally manage numerous dairy farms which are not distributed in the same place.We aim to build a kind of raw milk monitoring and warning equipment,gateway and cloud service platform to solve these problems.The raw milk monitoring and warning equipment and service platform were designed to monitor the raw milk temperature in the refrigerated storage tank and provide a warning alarm if an exception occurred.Data-driven modeling was used for acquiring,cleaning,and utilizing data to solve the raw milk storage problems.The raw milk monitoring and warning management systemprovided away of predicting and warning for raw milk storage using BP Neural Network and Fuzzy Inference.The test showed that the BP Neural Network and Fuzzy Inference model built in this paper had a good performance in predicting the raw milk storage temperature and reflecting the variation of raw milk temperature in raw milk storage process.The platform and models provided a method to manage the raw milk in dairies and prevent the raw milk from deteriorating caused by the rising temperature.展开更多
This paper investigates integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)in microgrids(MGs)through two-stage power conversion structures consisting of DC-DC boost converter and DC-AC voltage source converter(VSC)subsy...This paper investigates integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)in microgrids(MGs)through two-stage power conversion structures consisting of DC-DC boost converter and DC-AC voltage source converter(VSC)subsystems.In contrast to existing investigations that treated DC-link voltage as an ideal constant voltage,this paper considers the non-ideal dynamic coupling between both subsystems for completeness and higher accuracy,which introduces additional DC-side dynamics to the VSC.The analysis shows parameters of the boost converter’s power model that impact stability through the DC-link.Carefully selecting these parameters can mitigate this effect on stability and improve dynamic performance across the DC-link.Hence,an optimization framework is developed to facilitate in selecting adequate boost converter parameters in designing a stable voltage source converter-based microgrid(VSC-MG).The developed optimization framework,based on particle swarm optimization,considers dynamic coupling between both subsystems and is also effective in avoiding inadequate boost converter parameters capable of propagating instability through the DC-link to the VSC.Simulations are performed with MATLAB/Simulink to validate theoretical analyses.展开更多
This paper investigates a novel engineering problem,i.e.,security-constrained multi-period operation of micro energywater nexuses.This problem is computationally challenging because of its high nonlinearity,nonconvexi...This paper investigates a novel engineering problem,i.e.,security-constrained multi-period operation of micro energywater nexuses.This problem is computationally challenging because of its high nonlinearity,nonconvexity,and large dimension.We propose a two-stage iterative algorithm employing a hybrid physics and data-driven contingency filtering(CF)method and convexification to solve it.The convexified master problem is solved in the first stage by considering the base case operation and binding contingencies set(BCS).The second stage updates BCS using physics-based data-driven methods,which include dynamic and filtered data sets.This method is faster than existing CF methods because it relies on offline optimization problems and contains a limited number of online optimization problems.We validate effectiveness of the proposed method using two different case studies:the IEEE 13-bus power system with the EPANET 8-node water system and the IEEE 33-bus power system with the Otsfeld 13-node water system.展开更多
基金supported by Northwest A&F University Education Development Foundation(S5030222010).
摘要Influenza A virus(IAV)is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens and can cause global influenza pandemics and seasonal influenza outbreaks.Generation of recombinant IAV expressing a fluorescent protein will allow the infection to be easily monitored.In this study,we initially constructed a replication-defective H1N1/ΔPB2-GFP and a replication-competent H1N1/NS-GFP.However,these two reporter IAVs exhibited genetic instability.To stabilize the recombinant viral genome,we recoded the gfp sequence(rGFP)using synonymous codons to mimic the high-NP-binding regions involved in NP-vRNA interaction.This approach resulted in the development of replication-defective H1N1/ΔPB2(300)-rGFP and replication-competent H1N1/NS-rGFP,both of which exhibited enhanced stability in GFP expression.By replacing the HA segment from strain A/mink/China/CY 2017(H5N1),we also generated a replication-defective H5N1/ΔPB2(300)-rGFP,which showed excellent genetic stability.Using these reporter IAVs,the blocking of virus infection by neutralizing antibodies and antivirals can be rapidly detected by the loss of fluorescent reporter expression.Replication-defective reporter IAVs constructed in this study can only infect and replicate in cells expressing PB2,allowing the possibility of manipulation of highly pathogenic IAV and their related reassortant strains in biosafety level-2 laboratories.Our data highlight the importance of NP-vRNA interaction for the stability of IAV genome,and the reporter IAVs generated using this strategy could be powerful tools for both basic and applied influenza virus research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61421001,61471041,61671059)
摘要In order to deal with aliasing distortions of Doppler frequencies shown in time-frequency representation( TFR) with aspect undersampling,an approach using adaptive segmental compressive sampling according to the aspect dependencies of the scattering centers is proposed. The random noise problem induced by compressive sampling is solved by employing a series of signal processing techniques of filtering,image transformation and Hough Transform. Three examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of this approach. The comparisons between the built models and the precise scattered fields computed by a well-validated full-wave numerical method are investigated,and the results showgood agreements between each other.
基金supported by China National Natural Science Foundation of China(52225101)Graduate Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing(CYB240017)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373128)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(2024MSXM174)for Shixiang Guo.
摘要Biodegradable magnesium alloys show promising potential for pancreatic duct stents,yet their degradation varies significantly across physiological environments.This study compared the corrosion rates of extruded Mg-2Zn-xMn(x=0,0.5,1.0,1.5 wt.%)alloys in human pancreatic fluid.The results revealed that the alloys undergo different corrosion mechanisms in human pancreatic fluid,emphasizing the necessity of conducting evaluations under physiologically relevant conditions.Further investigations into the degradation mechanism in pancreatic fluid indicated that the alkaline PH(8.3–8.7),high bicarbonate concentration,and enzymatic activity significantly influence the corrosion process.Electrochemical and immersion tests showed rapid initial corrosion due to Cl−attack,followed by the formation of a protective Mg(OH)2,MgCO3,and Ca3(PO4)2layer that slowed degradation.However,digestive enzymes,particularly trypsin,disrupt passivation by interacting with organic components,leading to pitting and filiform corrosion.Among the investigated alloys,Mg-2Zn-1.0Mn exhibited the most favorable combination of corrosion resistance,mechanical performance,and cytocompatibility.This study highlights the critical impact of pancreatic fluid on magnesium alloy degradation and stresses the need for physiologically accurate evaluations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81271382
摘要Neural stem cell transplantation is a useful treatment for ischemic stroke, but apoptosis often occurs in the hypoxic-ischemic environment of the brain after cell transplantation. In this study, we determined if mild hypothermia (27-28~C) can increase the survival rate of neural stem cells (1.0 x 105/~tL) transplanted into neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Long-term effects on neurological functioning of the mice were also examined. After mild hy- pothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation, we observed decreased expression levels of inflammatory factor nuclear factor-kappa B and apoptotic factor caspase-3, reduced cerebral infarct volumes, increased survival rate of transplanted cells, and marked improvements in neurological function. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation are superior to those of monotherapy. Moreover, our findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of mild hypothermia combined with neural stem cell transplantation on hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are achieved by anti-inflammatory and an- ti-apoptotic mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2017YFC0505704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41420104004 and 71761147001)+3 种基金the Key Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KFZDSW-322)the Key Technology R&D Program of Tianjin(No.16YFXTSF00380)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)President's International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)
摘要Fecal bacteria contaminate water resources and result in associated waterborne diseases.This study assessed drinking water quality and evaluated their potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan. Ground and surface drinking water were randomly collected from upstream to downstream in the River Swat watershed and analyzed for fecal contamination using fecal indicator bacteria(Escherichia coli) and physiochemical parameters(potential of hydrogen, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, color, odor and taste). The physiochemical parameters were within their safe limits except in a few locations, whereas, the fecal contaminations in drinking water resources exceeded the drinking water quality standards of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency(Pak-EPA),2008 and World Health Organization(WHO), 2011. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that downstream urbanization trend, minimum distance between water sources and pit latrines/sewerage systems, raw sewage deep well injection and amplified urban,pastures and agricultural runoffs having human and animal excreta were the possible sources of contamination. The questionnaire survey revealed that majority of the local people using 10–20 years old drinking water supply schemes at the rate of 73% well supply,13% hand pump supply, 11% spring supply and 3% river/streams supply, which spreads high prevalence of water borne diseases including hepatitis, intestinal infections and diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, jaundice and skin diseases in children followed by older and younger adults.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82271252,82204542,and 81971047)the Lianyungang Science and Technology Program Project(Grant Nos.SF2122 and SF2214)+2 种基金the Scientific Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission(Grant No.Z2021066)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.21KJB310019)the Open Project of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology,Xuzhou Medical University(Grant No.XZSYSKF2021014).
摘要Acute lung injury(ALI)linked to sepsis has a high mortality rate,with limited treatment options available.In recent studies,medical ozone has shown the potential to alleviate inflammation and infection.Here,we aimed to evaluate therapeutic potential of medical ozone in a mouse model of the sepsis-induced ALI by measuring behavioral assessments,lung function,and blood flow.Protein levels were quantified by Western blotting.In vitro,we performed experiments on bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs)to investigate the effect of adenosine monophosphate(AMP)-activated protein kinase(AMPK)inhibitors and agonists on their phagocytic activity.The results showed that medical ozone significantly improved the survival rate,ameliorated lung injury,and enhanced lung function and limb microcirculation in mice with ALI.Notably,medical ozone inhibited the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps(NETs),a crucial factor in the ALI development.Additionally,medical ozone counteracted the elevated levels of tissue factor,matrix metalloproteinase-9,and interleukin-1β.In the ALI mice,the effects of ozone were abolished,and BMDMs showed an impaired capacity to engulf NETs following the Sr-a1 knockout.Under normal physiological conditions,the administration of an AMPK antagonist showed similar effects on the Sr-a1 knockout,significantly inhibiting the phagocytosis of NETs by BMDMs.In contrast,AMPK agonists enhanced this phagocytic process.In conclusion,medical ozone may alleviate the sepsis-induced lung injury through the AMPK/SR-A1 pathway,thereby enhancing the phagocytosis of NETs by macrophages.
基金supported by Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department, No.2009CD079the National Natural Science Foundation ofChina, No.81060109.
摘要In this study, PC12 Adh cells and Neuro-2a cells were treated with Rho-associated kinase inhibitors (Y27632 and Fasudil), a cyclooxygenase-1 selective inhibitor (SC560), and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (NS398). We found that these cells became tolerant to Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, as neurite outgrowth induced by these inhibitors diminished following more than 3 days of exposure in either cell line. The proteins cyclooxygenase-2 and cytosolic prostaglandin E synthetase were upregulated at day 3. NS398 decreased the tolerance to neurite outgrowth induction in both cell lines, whereas SC560 had almost no effect. These findings indicate that cells become tolerant to neurite outgrowth induced by Rho-associated kinase inhibitors, this is at least partly associated with upregulation of proteins involved in the cyclooxygenase-2 pathway, and cyclooxygenases-2 inhibition prevents this tolerance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 51977080the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2023A1515240075).
摘要An optimal preventive-corrective control model for static voltage stability under multiple N-1 contingencies considering the wind power uncertainty is established in this paper.The objective is to minimize the control variable adjustment cost including the load shedding cost of each contingency.The chance constraints of the static voltage stability margins(SvSMs)in the normal operation state and after each N-1 contingency are included.The approximate functions between the probability density functions(PDFs)of SVSMs and load shedding quantity with respect to preventive control variables are obtained to transform the expectation of load shedding quantity and the SvSM chance constraints into deterministic expressions.An approximate sequential convex quadratically constrained quadratic programming iteration method is proposed to solve the optimal control model.In each iteration,the approximate expressions and range are determined by the generated data samples.Moreover,a fast approximation calculation method of second-order matrices is proposed.By the naive Bayes classifier,the most severe N-1 contingencies are selected to replace all the contingencies to be added to the optimization model to improve the computational efficiency.Case studies on the IEEE-39 bus system and an actual provincial power grid demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method.
基金support of this research,we gratefully acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22375141).
摘要“Chiral-induced spin selectivity(CISS)”and its device applications are predominantly at the experimental stage,with mechanisms not fully understood.There is a need for new chiral materials with simple structures and high room-temperature electron spin polarization rates,crucial for theoretical studies and low-power spin optoelectronic devices.This study examines the CISS effect in carbon nanotubes,graphene chiral rolls,and graphene chiral stacks.While all three exhibit chirality,only the one-side follow curved surface of the graphene rolls demonstrates the CISS effect.Using true and false chirality analysis from Professor Barron,we found that only the charge motion(current)on the chiral surface is true chiral,leading to spin polarization.Thus,the CISS phenomenon occurs when charge motion on the chiral surface is chiral.Both chiral surface structures and chiral charge motion are necessary for electron spin polarization.Further theoretical validation of these conditions will enhance CISS theory.
基金supported by Key Technologies Research and Development Program(CN),funding number,2018YFE0108500the International Cooperation Fund Project of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,funding number 2019HP002Beijing Science and Technology Planning,funding number Z191100004019007。
摘要Broiler chickens are traditionally weighed by steelyard or platform scale,which is timeconsuming and labor-intensive.Broiler chickens usually exhibit stress-related behavior during weighing.The 3D camera-based weighing system for broiler chickens can only weigh the broiler chicken in the monitoring area.Usually,it makes poor weight prediction due to poor segmentation especially when the broiler chicken is flapping its wings.To solve these issues,we developed one simple and low-cost weighing system with high stability and accuracy.A validity value extraction method from dynamic weighing was proposed.Then,an improved amplitude-limiting filtering algorithm and a BP neural networks model were developed to avoid accidental interference.The BP neural networks model used daily weight gain,day-age,average velocity,and the weight data after filtering algorithm as the input layer.The weighing system was tested in a commercial Beijing Fatty Chickens house with Beijing Fatty Chickens.We tested thirteen groups of Beijing Fatty Chickens of different weights,from 500 g to 1800 g in intervals of 100 g,using the three different methods:no filtering algorithm or BP neural networks,only the improved amplitude-limiting filtering algorithm and a hybrid of the improved amplitude-limiting filtering algorithm and BP neural networks.The results showed that the hybrid algorithm had a better performance in minimizing the error,lowering from the original 6%down to 3%.The accurate weight data was transmitted to the remote service platform for further decision-making,such as activity analysis,feeding management,and health alerts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51977080)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2022A1515010332)supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation(Grant#2124849).
摘要Calculation of static voltage stability margin(SVSM)of AC/DC power systems with lots of renewable energy sources(RESs)integration requires consideration of uncertain load growth and renewable energy generation output.This paper presents a bi-level optimal power flow(BLOPF)model to identify the worst-case SVSM of an AC/DC power system with line commutation converter-based HVDC and multi-terminal voltage sourced converter-based HVDC transmission lines.Constraints of uncertain load growth’s hypercone model and control mode switching of DC converter stations are considered in the BLOPF model.Moreover,uncertain RES output fluctuations are described as intervals,and two three-level optimal power flow(TLOPF)models are established to identify interval bounds of the system worst-case SVSM.The two TLOPF models are both transformed into max–min bi-level optimization models according to independent characteristics of different uncertain variables.Then,transforming the inner level model into its dual form,max–min BLOPF models are simplified to single-level optimization models for direct solution.Calculation results on the modified IEEE-39 bus AC/DC case and an actual large-scale AC/DC case in China indicate correctness and efficiency of the proposed identification method.
基金This study was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD0500702-02,2018YFE0108500)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(6194037)the Youth Personnel Project of Beijing Outstanding Talents in 2018.
摘要The side-curtain is popular in cattle buildings to regulate indoor climates and ventilation rates by adjusting the opening ratio.It normally had three different adjusting strategies relate to the position of rollers,i.e.central roller(S1),top roller(S2)and bottom roller(S3),which result in different opening behaviors to generate the same opening ratio but different opening positions in the side wall for a full-curtain house.Numerical simulations were conducted using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)to investigate the effects of the eight potential opening behaviors of side curtains on the indoor climates and airflow rates in winter for a typical naturally ventilated dairy house in China when the opening ratio were 8.5%and 17%.Airflow patterns,wind chilled temperature(WCT)and age of air were analyzed in the animal occupied zone(AOZ)by taking reference planes.Openings at the very bottom of side walls had more efficient ventilation due to the younger air age,more effective air disturbing,more uniformly distributed indicators in AOZ.However,it will result in a lower WCT in AOZ although a lower ventilation rate was observed in this case.Openings on the very top of side wall would generate a better thermal comfort in AOZ but with very poor air quality and nonuniformly distributed airflows in the dairy house.S1 was not recommended to the practical application due to the poor indoor climate and the higher cost of the mechanical structure.Based on the comprehensive evaluations of the analytic hierarchy process,the most satisfaction opening positions were at the bottom of the side curtains and the optimized adjusting strategy is S2.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project[grant number 2021ZD0113803]the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Outstanding Scientist Training Program[grant number JKZX202214]the Sichuan Science and Technology Program[grant number 2021ZDZX0011].
摘要China is the world's largest producer of pigs,but traditional manual prevention,treatment,and diagnosis methods cannot satisfy the demands of the current intensive production environment.Existing computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)systems for pigs are dominated by expert systems,which cannot be widely applied because the collection and maintenance of knowledge is difficult,and most of them ignore the effect of multimodal information.A swine disease diagnosis model was proposed in this study,the Text-Guided Fusion Network-Swine Diagnosis(TGFN-SD)model,which integrated text case reports and disease images.The model integrated the differences and complementary information in the multimodal representation of diseases through the text-guided transformer module such that text case reports could carry the semantic information of disease images for disease identification.Moreover,it alleviated the phenotypic overlap problem caused by similar diseases in combination with supervised learning and self-supervised learning.Experimental results revealed that TGFN-SD achieved satisfactory performance on a constructed swine disease image and text dataset(SDT6K)that covered six disease classification datasets with accuracy and F1-score of 94.48%and 94.4%respectively.The accuracies and F1-scores increased by 8.35%and 7.24%compared with those under the unimodal situation and by 2.02%and 1.63%compared with those of the optimal baseline model under the multimodal fusion.Additionally,interpretability analysis revealed that the model focus area was consistent with the habits and rules of the veterinary clinical diagnosis of pigs,indicating the effectiveness of the proposed model and providing new ideas and perspectives for the study of swine disease CAD.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFE0125400)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.6194037)the Youth Personnel Project of Beijing Outstanding Talents.
摘要It is challenging to estimate the air exchange rate(AER)dynamically in naturally ventilated livestock buildings such as dairy houses due to the influence of complex and variable outdoor environmental factors,large opening ratios,and the confusion of inflow and outflow at openings.This makes it difficult to efficiently regulate the opening ratio to meet the ventilation requirements in naturally ventilated livestock buildings.In this study,the air exchange rates of naturally ventilated cattle houses(NVCHs)in different seasons and opening ratios were obtained through field measurements and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations.A fast and efficient machine learning framework was proposed and examined to predict AER based on the gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT)combined with Bayesian optimization.Compared with commonly used machine learning models such as multilayer perceptrons(MLPs)and support vector machines(SVMs),the proposed GBDT model has higher prediction accuracy and can avoid falling easily into local optima.Compared with the existing mechanical model based on the Bernoulli equation,the proposed GBDT model showed a slightly higher prediction than the mechanistic model and was much easier to use in AER estimation when inputting easily collected environmental factors in practical applications.Using Bayesian optimization could dramatically reduce the computing time when determining the optimal hyperparameter for establishing the GBDT model,dramatically saving on computing resources.Based on the Bayesian optimized GBDT model,the desirable opening ratio of the side curtain can be determined for automatically regulating the AER of cattle houses in future applications.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China,{grant number 51775010}.
摘要An important index for raw milk storage in a dairy farm is the raw milk storage temperature which directly reflects the raw milk quality.Meanwhile,it’s hard to centrally manage numerous dairy farms which are not distributed in the same place.We aim to build a kind of raw milk monitoring and warning equipment,gateway and cloud service platform to solve these problems.The raw milk monitoring and warning equipment and service platform were designed to monitor the raw milk temperature in the refrigerated storage tank and provide a warning alarm if an exception occurred.Data-driven modeling was used for acquiring,cleaning,and utilizing data to solve the raw milk storage problems.The raw milk monitoring and warning management systemprovided away of predicting and warning for raw milk storage using BP Neural Network and Fuzzy Inference.The test showed that the BP Neural Network and Fuzzy Inference model built in this paper had a good performance in predicting the raw milk storage temperature and reflecting the variation of raw milk temperature in raw milk storage process.The platform and models provided a method to manage the raw milk in dairies and prevent the raw milk from deteriorating caused by the rising temperature.
基金supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation under Grant#2124849.
摘要This paper investigates integration of distributed energy resources(DERs)in microgrids(MGs)through two-stage power conversion structures consisting of DC-DC boost converter and DC-AC voltage source converter(VSC)subsystems.In contrast to existing investigations that treated DC-link voltage as an ideal constant voltage,this paper considers the non-ideal dynamic coupling between both subsystems for completeness and higher accuracy,which introduces additional DC-side dynamics to the VSC.The analysis shows parameters of the boost converter’s power model that impact stability through the DC-link.Carefully selecting these parameters can mitigate this effect on stability and improve dynamic performance across the DC-link.Hence,an optimization framework is developed to facilitate in selecting adequate boost converter parameters in designing a stable voltage source converter-based microgrid(VSC-MG).The developed optimization framework,based on particle swarm optimization,considers dynamic coupling between both subsystems and is also effective in avoiding inadequate boost converter parameters capable of propagating instability through the DC-link to the VSC.Simulations are performed with MATLAB/Simulink to validate theoretical analyses.
基金supported by U.S.National Science Foundation under Award no.2124849.
摘要This paper investigates a novel engineering problem,i.e.,security-constrained multi-period operation of micro energywater nexuses.This problem is computationally challenging because of its high nonlinearity,nonconvexity,and large dimension.We propose a two-stage iterative algorithm employing a hybrid physics and data-driven contingency filtering(CF)method and convexification to solve it.The convexified master problem is solved in the first stage by considering the base case operation and binding contingencies set(BCS).The second stage updates BCS using physics-based data-driven methods,which include dynamic and filtered data sets.This method is faster than existing CF methods because it relies on offline optimization problems and contains a limited number of online optimization problems.We validate effectiveness of the proposed method using two different case studies:the IEEE 13-bus power system with the EPANET 8-node water system and the IEEE 33-bus power system with the Otsfeld 13-node water system.