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Detection of intracellular bacterial communities and biofilms in urinary tract infections with Escherichia coli using staining protocols 认领 引用
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作者 Swathi Pandey Arul Senghor Kadalangudi Aravaanan +1 位作者 Emmanuel Bhaskar Santhi Silambanan 《World Journal of Experimental Medicine》 2026年第2期48-60,共13页
BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are prevalent worldwide,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)is the most common causative agent.The ability of the bacteria to form intracellular bacterial communities(IBCs)and biofilm ... BACKGROUND Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are prevalent worldwide,and Escherichia coli(E.coli)is the most common causative agent.The ability of the bacteria to form intracellular bacterial communities(IBCs)and biofilm is a major reason for UTIs.Studies have indicated that the persistence of uropathogenic E.coli as IBCs and biofilms has been implicated in UTIs.However,IBCs are not routinely identified by standard diagnostic methods.AIM To compare the various staining techniques for the detection of IBCs in urine samples from E.coli culture-positive UTI patients with the biofilm-forming capability of the isolates.METHODS The study included 73 patients with E.coli culture-confirmed UTI.Before antibiotic treatment midstream urine sample was collected,and the sediment was obtained by centrifugation.The samples were visualized using Sternheimer-Malbin,Wright-Giemsa,Safranin,and immunofluorescence staining to detect IBCs.Formation of biofilms was analyzed by the tube method.Descriptive statistics were used.RESULTS E.coli clusters were seen by light microscopy using various stains.However,immunofluorescence staining showed a better picture in the form of bright intracellular signals,which indicate bacterial aggregates.Biofilm assay showed an association with intracellular colonization.CONCLUSION The various staining techniques help in the identification of uropathogenic E.coli as IBCs inside superficial epithelial cells.These bacteria are also capable of forming biofilms,which resists action of antibiotics.Thus,IBCs and biofilms are rich reservoirs of organisms in the urinary bladder,paving the way for chronic treatment-resistant UTIs.This study requires further larger studies to substantiate these findings. 展开更多
关键词 Urinary tract infections Intracellular bacterial communities Biofilm formation Sustainable Development Goals-3 Escherichia coli
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Biomarkers innovation in urinary tract infections:Insights into pathophysiology,antibiotic resistance,and clinical applications 认领 引用
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作者 Swathi Pandey Arul Senghor Kadalangudi Aravaanan +1 位作者 Emmanuel Bhaskar Santhi Silambanan 《World Journal of Nephrology》 2025年第4期126-139,共14页
Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are the most common bacterial infections.Escherichia coli is the most common cause of UTIs,accounting for 50%of hospital-reported and 90%of community-reported cases.Also,this includes spe... Urinary tract infections(UTIs)are the most common bacterial infections.Escherichia coli is the most common cause of UTIs,accounting for 50%of hospital-reported and 90%of community-reported cases.Also,this includes species of Klebsiella,Proteus,Acinetobacter,Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,Streptococcus,and Enterococcus.Patients experience cystitis,polyuria,and dysuria.If untreated,this affects the kidneys,further leading to septicemia.UTIs majorly affect adult females(40%-60%).Microbiological culture has been proven to be the standard method.However,it takes 48-72 hours for the tests to be reported.In cases of recurrent UTI,it is mandatory to have a quick,sensitive,and specific diagnostic procedure.Dipstick tests are considered early methods for diagnosing UTIs;however,they have limitations.Recently,biomarkers are being used to assess the severity of the disease.To achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 3 and 8,the expertise from General Medicine,Biotechnology,and Microbiology come together in achieving the set targets by 2030.In addition to diagnosis of UTI,resistance to antibiotics should not be neglected.This review aimed to examine the clinical relevance of biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,kidney injury molecule-1,interleukin(IL)6,IL-8,heparin-binding protein,procalcitonin,lipopolysaccharide-binding protein,xanthine oxidase,cell-free DNA,and transrenal DNA. 展开更多
关键词 Urinary tract infection Pathogens Diagnosis Antibiotic sensitivity Hostderived biomarkers Pathogen-derived biomarkers Point-of-care testing Sustainable development goals 3 Sustainable development goals 8
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Association of inflammatory,genetic,and epigenetic markers with Kellgren-Lawrence grading in post-traumatic osteoarthritis of knee:A protocol 认领 引用
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作者 Keerthy Rethinam Meenakshi Sundaram Thiagarajan Keddin Alwar +2 位作者 Ramchand Nannapan Vinodhini Vellore Mohanakrishnan Santhi Silambanan 《World Journal of Experimental Medicine》 2025年第4期181-191,共11页
BACKGROUND Post-traumatic osteoarthritis(PTOA)occurs due to cartilage degeneration caused by injuries like bone fractures,ligament tears,and soft tissue injuries in and around the joint.It is diagnosed by X-ray in the... BACKGROUND Post-traumatic osteoarthritis(PTOA)occurs due to cartilage degeneration caused by injuries like bone fractures,ligament tears,and soft tissue injuries in and around the joint.It is diagnosed by X-ray in the later stages.Early diagnosis may be possible by analyzing biochemical and molecular markers,facilitating early management.AIM To characterize inflammatory,genetic,and epigenetic markers that aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of knee PTOA.METHODS The prospective cohort study is conducted at a tertiary care hospital,India.The study includes 140 participants:70(controls),and 70(cases)sustained trauma to knee.Written informed consent is obtained.Serum interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,IL-10,cartilage oligomeric matrix protein,transforming growth factor-β1,matrix metalloproteinase-13,and oxidized-LDL and urine C-terminal cross-linked telopeptides of type II collagen are analyzed by ELISA.Genetic and epigenetic studies are done.Ethics approval is obtained.Statistical analysis by SPSS software version 16.RESULTS Biomarkers will be correlated with the X-ray grading as per the Kellgren-Lawrence scale.CONCLUSION These mediators can be potential markers to assess the disease burden,prognosis,and severity.They may also help as therapeutic targets to customize personalized therapy. 展开更多
关键词 Biomarkers Cytokines Inflammation Knee joint Osteoarthritis
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Diagnostic utility of microRNA profiles in cavitatory and noncavitatory pulmonary tuberculosis:Research protocol 认领 引用
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作者 Swathy Moorthy Emmanuel Bhaskar +1 位作者 Shivakumar Singh Santhi Silambanan 《World Journal of Experimental Medicine》 2025年第1期88-95,共8页
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis(TB)is a common infection causing huge morbidity and mortality to mankind.The analytical methods used in diagnosing TB are not sensitive in paucibacillary infections and also require trained tec... BACKGROUND Tuberculosis(TB)is a common infection causing huge morbidity and mortality to mankind.The analytical methods used in diagnosing TB are not sensitive in paucibacillary infections and also require trained technical personnel.MicroRNAs are stable in serum and other body fluids,and hold great potential in the diagnosis of TB.AIM To analyze the dysregulated microRNA profiles among patients with cavitatory and non-cavitatory pulmonary TB.METHODS The prospective study will be conducted in a tertiary care center in India.Adult patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB will be included.There will be two groups:Patients with sputum positive pulmonary TB with cavity and without cavity(group1),and apparently healthy individuals(group 2).The participants will undergo sputum examination,Xpert Mycobacterium TB complexesistance to rifampin(Mtb/RIF)assay,chest X-ray,and blood investigations and serum microRNA detection.Ethics approval has been obtained.Written informed consent will be obtained.Appropriate statistical analyses will be used.RESULTS MicroRNAs will be correlated with sputum positivity,Xpert Mtb/RIF assay,radiological involvement,inflammatory markers,and course of the disease among cases and controls.CONCLUSION MicroRNAs could serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers in diagnostically challenging TB patients. 展开更多
关键词 Imaging Inflammatory marker MicroRNA Molecular diagnosis Pulmonary tuberculosis CBNAAT
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