Advancements in tumor immunotherapy highlight the significant potential of antibody drugs,a key category of biological agents,for treating cancer and autoimmune diseases.This paper begins by defining and classifying k...Advancements in tumor immunotherapy highlight the significant potential of antibody drugs,a key category of biological agents,for treating cancer and autoimmune diseases.This paper begins by defining and classifying key targets in tumor immunity,as well as discussing their structural and functional characteristics.Subsequently,it elaborates on innovative technologies for antibody drug screening,which,when integrated with contemporary molecular biology,biotechnology,and computational biology,have substantially enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of target identification and antibody drug screening processes.Despite the promising prospects of tumor immunotherapy,certain limitations persist in its practical implementation.In conclusion,this paper offers a comprehensive examination of the cutting-edge developments in tumor immunotherapy,focusing on the aspects of tumor immunotherapy itself,critical targets for immunotherapy,and novel technologies and methodologies for antibody screening.This analysis is crucial for advancing the field of tumor immunotherapy and for enhancing both therapeutic efficacy and safety.Furthermore,research and development(R&D)of antibody drugs in other domains,such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,can benefit from it.展开更多
Space-division multiplexing(SDM)utilizing uncoupled multi-core fibers(MCF)is considered a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-speed optical transmission systems due to its huge capacity and low inter-core cros...Space-division multiplexing(SDM)utilizing uncoupled multi-core fibers(MCF)is considered a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-speed optical transmission systems due to its huge capacity and low inter-core crosstalk.In this paper,we demonstrate a realtime high-speed SDM transmission system over a field-deployed 7-core MCF cable using commercial 400 Gbit/s backbone optical transport network(OTN)transceivers and a network management system.The transceivers employ a high noise-tolerant quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK)modulation format with a 130 Gbaud rate,enabled by optoelectronic multi-chip module(OE-MCM)packaging.The network management system can effectively manage and monitor the performance of the 7-core SDM OTN system and promptly report failure events through alarms.Our field trial demonstrates the compatibility of uncoupled MCF with high-speed OTN transmission equipment and network management systems,supporting its future deployment in next-generation high-speed terrestrial cable transmission networks.展开更多
The machine tool equipped with the dual-drive servo feed system could realize high feed speed as well as sharp precision. Currently, there is no report about the thermal behaviors of the dual-drive machine, and the cu...The machine tool equipped with the dual-drive servo feed system could realize high feed speed as well as sharp precision. Currently, there is no report about the thermal behaviors of the dual-drive machine, and the current research of the thermal characteristics of machines mainly focuses on steady simulation. To explore the influence of thermal characterizations on the precision of a jib boring machine assembled dual-drive feed system, the thermal equilibrium tests and the research on thermal-mechanical transient behaviors are carried out. A laser interferometer, infrared thermography and a temperature-displacement acquisition system are applied to measure the temperature distribution and thermal deformation at different feed speeds. Subsequently, the finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the transient thermal behaviors of the boring machine. The complex boundary conditions, such as heat sources and convective heat transfer coefficient, are calculated. Finally, transient variances in temperatures and deformations are compared with the measured values, and the errors between the measurement and the simulation of the temperature and the thermal error are 2 ~C and 2.5 pm, respectively. The researching results demonstrate that the FEM model can predict the thermal error and temperature distribution very well under specified operating condition. Moreover, the uneven temperature gradient is due to the asynchronous dual-drive structure that results in thermal deformation. Additionally, the positioning accuracy decreases as the measured point became further away from the motor, and the thermal error and equilibrium period both increase with feed speeds. The research proposes a systematical method to measure and simulate the boring machine transient thermal behaviors.展开更多
Copper is one of the most efficient catalysts widely investigated in electrochemical CO2 reduction, however, the further development of copper-based catalysts is constrained by severe stability problems. In this wo...Copper is one of the most efficient catalysts widely investigated in electrochemical CO2 reduction, however, the further development of copper-based catalysts is constrained by severe stability problems. In this work, we developed a method for the synthesis of highly ordered Cu Au intermetallic nanoalloys(o-CuAu) under mild conditions(< 250℃), which can convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide with high selectivity and can operate stably for 160 h without current decay. The improved stability is believed to be due to the increased mixing enthalpy and stronger atomic interactions between Cu and Au atoms in the intermetallic nanoalloy. In addition, XPS results, Tafel slope and in situ IR spectroscopy demonstrate that high valence gold atoms on o-CuAu surface promote the reduction of CO2. In contrast, the disordered CuAu nanoalloy(d-CuAu) underwent atomic rearrangement to form a Cu-rich structure on the surface, leading to reduced stability. These findings may provide insight into the rational design of stable CO2 RR electrocatalysts through proper structural engineering.展开更多
Low-cost,flexible and intelligent optical performance monitoring and management is a key enabling technology for network quality guarantee,especially in the era of explosive growth of communication capacity and networ...Low-cost,flexible and intelligent optical performance monitoring and management is a key enabling technology for network quality guarantee,especially in the era of explosive growth of communication capacity and network scale.However,to the best of our knowledge,it is extremely challenging to implement real-time performance monitoring and operations,administration and maintenance(OAM) in a highly complex dynamic network.In this paper,we propose an innovative optical identification(OID) scheme that can realize both performance monitoring and some advanced OAM sub-functions.The basic concepts,applications,challenges and evolution directions of this OID tool are also discussed.展开更多
Accurately simulating the soil nitrogen(N)cycle is crucial for assessing food security and resource utilization efficiency.The accuracy of model predictions relies heavily on model parameterization.The sensitivity and...Accurately simulating the soil nitrogen(N)cycle is crucial for assessing food security and resource utilization efficiency.The accuracy of model predictions relies heavily on model parameterization.The sensitivity and uncertainty of the simulations of soil N cycle of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the North China Plain(NCP)to the parameters were analyzed.First,the N module in the Vegetation Interface Processes(VIP)model was expanded to capture the dynamics of soil N cycle calibrated with field measurements in three ecological stations from 2000 to 2015.Second,the Morris and Sobol algorithms were adopted to identify the sensitive parameters that impact soil nitrate stock,denitrification rate,and ammonia volatilization rate.Finally,the shuffled complex evolution developed at the University of Arizona(SCE-UA)algorithm was used to optimize the selected sensitive parameters to improve prediction accuracy.The results showed that the sensitive parameters related to soil nitrate stock included the potential nitrification rate,Michaelis constant,microbial C/N ratio,and slow humus C/N ratio,the sensitive parameters related to denitrification rate were the potential denitrification rate,Michaelis constant,and N2 O production rate,and the sensitive parameters related to ammonia volatilization rate included the coefficient of ammonia volatilization exchange and potential nitrification rate.Based on the optimized parameters,prediction efficiency was notably increased with the highest coefficient of determination being approximately 0.8.Moreover,the average relative interval length at the 95% confidence level for soil nitrate stock,denitrification rate,and ammonia volatilization rate were 11.92,0.008,and 4.26,respectively,and the percentages of coverage of the measured values in the 95% confidence interval were 68%,86%,and 92%,respectively.By identifying sensitive parameters related to soil N,the expanded VIP model optimized by the SCE-UA algorithm can effectively simulate the dynamics of soil nitrate stock,denitrification rate,and ammonia volatilization rate in the NCP.展开更多
The methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)is the limiting half-reaction in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).Although Pt is the most active single-metal electrocatalyst for MOR,it is hampered by high cost and CO poisoning.Con...The methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)is the limiting half-reaction in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).Although Pt is the most active single-metal electrocatalyst for MOR,it is hampered by high cost and CO poisoning.Constructing a Pt or Ru monolayer on a second metal substrate by means of galvanic replacement of underpotentially deposited(UPD)Cu monolayer has been shown as an efficient catalyst design strategy for the electrocatalysis of MOR because of the presumed 100%utilization of atoms and resistance to CO poisoning.Herein,we prepared one-dimensional surface-alloyed electrocatalyst from predominantly(111)faceted Au nanowires with high aspect ratio as the substrate of under-potential deposition.The electrocatalyst comprises a core of the Au nanowire and a shell of catalytically active Pt coated by Ru.Coverage-dependent electro-catalytic activity and stability is demonstrated on the Pt/Ru submonolayers on Au wires for MOR.Among all these catalysts,Au@PtML@RuMLexhibits the best electrocatalytic activity and poisoning tolerance to CO.This presents a viable method for the rational catalyst design for achieving high noble-metal utilization efficiency and high catalytic performance.展开更多
Developing precise extracellular vesicles(EVs)labelling techniques with minimal disturbance is of great importance to the follow-up EVs detection and analysis.However,currently available methods such as using probes t...Developing precise extracellular vesicles(EVs)labelling techniques with minimal disturbance is of great importance to the follow-up EVs detection and analysis.However,currently available methods such as using probes to conjugate phospholipids or membrane proteins have certain limitations due to EV steric hindrance,dye aggregation,etc.Here,we present a microfluidic platform to enhance EVs’labelling efficiency and improve their detection.This platform provides excellent sample throughput and high-efficiency EV labelling at lower label concentrations with an optimized flowing rate.Flow cytometry analysis(FCM)and cellular uptake results show that EV labelling by utilizing this platform possesses the merits of a higher labelling efficiency with 64.1%relative improvement than conventional co-incubation method and a lower background noise.Moreover,this technique maintains EVs’size,morphology and biological activities.After the recipient cells uptake the EVs treated by the microfluidic platform,the spatial and temporal distribution of EVs in the cells are clearly observed.These results demonstrate that our method holds great potential in efficient labelling of EVs,which is essential to subsequent EV quantification and analysis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China National(Grant Nos:32470999,31970882,81773261,81903140,82041012,82322055,82421005,82473278,92169115)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.:23QA1405800)+3 种基金The Shanghai Outstanding Academic Leader Program(Grant No.:23XD1424800)the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering(Grant No.:14DZ2272300)Yizhang Outstanding Academic Leader Program(Grant No.:JCYZRC-B-008)Cross-disciplinary research fund project of the Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(Grant No.:JCJC202410).
摘要Advancements in tumor immunotherapy highlight the significant potential of antibody drugs,a key category of biological agents,for treating cancer and autoimmune diseases.This paper begins by defining and classifying key targets in tumor immunity,as well as discussing their structural and functional characteristics.Subsequently,it elaborates on innovative technologies for antibody drug screening,which,when integrated with contemporary molecular biology,biotechnology,and computational biology,have substantially enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of target identification and antibody drug screening processes.Despite the promising prospects of tumor immunotherapy,certain limitations persist in its practical implementation.In conclusion,this paper offers a comprehensive examination of the cutting-edge developments in tumor immunotherapy,focusing on the aspects of tumor immunotherapy itself,critical targets for immunotherapy,and novel technologies and methodologies for antibody screening.This analysis is crucial for advancing the field of tumor immunotherapy and for enhancing both therapeutic efficacy and safety.Furthermore,research and development(R&D)of antibody drugs in other domains,such as autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,can benefit from it.
摘要Space-division multiplexing(SDM)utilizing uncoupled multi-core fibers(MCF)is considered a promising candidate for nextgeneration high-speed optical transmission systems due to its huge capacity and low inter-core crosstalk.In this paper,we demonstrate a realtime high-speed SDM transmission system over a field-deployed 7-core MCF cable using commercial 400 Gbit/s backbone optical transport network(OTN)transceivers and a network management system.The transceivers employ a high noise-tolerant quadrature phase shift keying(QPSK)modulation format with a 130 Gbaud rate,enabled by optoelectronic multi-chip module(OE-MCM)packaging.The network management system can effectively manage and monitor the performance of the 7-core SDM OTN system and promptly report failure events through alarms.Our field trial demonstrates the compatibility of uncoupled MCF with high-speed OTN transmission equipment and network management systems,supporting its future deployment in next-generation high-speed terrestrial cable transmission networks.
基金Supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2012AA040701)
摘要The machine tool equipped with the dual-drive servo feed system could realize high feed speed as well as sharp precision. Currently, there is no report about the thermal behaviors of the dual-drive machine, and the current research of the thermal characteristics of machines mainly focuses on steady simulation. To explore the influence of thermal characterizations on the precision of a jib boring machine assembled dual-drive feed system, the thermal equilibrium tests and the research on thermal-mechanical transient behaviors are carried out. A laser interferometer, infrared thermography and a temperature-displacement acquisition system are applied to measure the temperature distribution and thermal deformation at different feed speeds. Subsequently, the finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze the transient thermal behaviors of the boring machine. The complex boundary conditions, such as heat sources and convective heat transfer coefficient, are calculated. Finally, transient variances in temperatures and deformations are compared with the measured values, and the errors between the measurement and the simulation of the temperature and the thermal error are 2 ~C and 2.5 pm, respectively. The researching results demonstrate that the FEM model can predict the thermal error and temperature distribution very well under specified operating condition. Moreover, the uneven temperature gradient is due to the asynchronous dual-drive structure that results in thermal deformation. Additionally, the positioning accuracy decreases as the measured point became further away from the motor, and the thermal error and equilibrium period both increase with feed speeds. The research proposes a systematical method to measure and simulate the boring machine transient thermal behaviors.
基金financial support from National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22078232 and 21938008)the Science and Technology Major Project of Tianjin (Nos. 19ZXNCGX00030 and 20JCYBJC00870)。
摘要Copper is one of the most efficient catalysts widely investigated in electrochemical CO2 reduction, however, the further development of copper-based catalysts is constrained by severe stability problems. In this work, we developed a method for the synthesis of highly ordered Cu Au intermetallic nanoalloys(o-CuAu) under mild conditions(< 250℃), which can convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide with high selectivity and can operate stably for 160 h without current decay. The improved stability is believed to be due to the increased mixing enthalpy and stronger atomic interactions between Cu and Au atoms in the intermetallic nanoalloy. In addition, XPS results, Tafel slope and in situ IR spectroscopy demonstrate that high valence gold atoms on o-CuAu surface promote the reduction of CO2. In contrast, the disordered CuAu nanoalloy(d-CuAu) underwent atomic rearrangement to form a Cu-rich structure on the surface, leading to reduced stability. These findings may provide insight into the rational design of stable CO2 RR electrocatalysts through proper structural engineering.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2019YFB2205302。
摘要Low-cost,flexible and intelligent optical performance monitoring and management is a key enabling technology for network quality guarantee,especially in the era of explosive growth of communication capacity and network scale.However,to the best of our knowledge,it is extremely challenging to implement real-time performance monitoring and operations,administration and maintenance(OAM) in a highly complex dynamic network.In this paper,we propose an innovative optical identification(OID) scheme that can realize both performance monitoring and some advanced OAM sub-functions.The basic concepts,applications,challenges and evolution directions of this OID tool are also discussed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.41790424 and 41471026)。
摘要Accurately simulating the soil nitrogen(N)cycle is crucial for assessing food security and resource utilization efficiency.The accuracy of model predictions relies heavily on model parameterization.The sensitivity and uncertainty of the simulations of soil N cycle of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in the North China Plain(NCP)to the parameters were analyzed.First,the N module in the Vegetation Interface Processes(VIP)model was expanded to capture the dynamics of soil N cycle calibrated with field measurements in three ecological stations from 2000 to 2015.Second,the Morris and Sobol algorithms were adopted to identify the sensitive parameters that impact soil nitrate stock,denitrification rate,and ammonia volatilization rate.Finally,the shuffled complex evolution developed at the University of Arizona(SCE-UA)algorithm was used to optimize the selected sensitive parameters to improve prediction accuracy.The results showed that the sensitive parameters related to soil nitrate stock included the potential nitrification rate,Michaelis constant,microbial C/N ratio,and slow humus C/N ratio,the sensitive parameters related to denitrification rate were the potential denitrification rate,Michaelis constant,and N2 O production rate,and the sensitive parameters related to ammonia volatilization rate included the coefficient of ammonia volatilization exchange and potential nitrification rate.Based on the optimized parameters,prediction efficiency was notably increased with the highest coefficient of determination being approximately 0.8.Moreover,the average relative interval length at the 95% confidence level for soil nitrate stock,denitrification rate,and ammonia volatilization rate were 11.92,0.008,and 4.26,respectively,and the percentages of coverage of the measured values in the 95% confidence interval were 68%,86%,and 92%,respectively.By identifying sensitive parameters related to soil N,the expanded VIP model optimized by the SCE-UA algorithm can effectively simulate the dynamics of soil nitrate stock,denitrification rate,and ammonia volatilization rate in the NCP.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(No.18JCYBJC20600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62074123,61701543)Institute of Energy,Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(No.19KZS207)。
摘要The methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)is the limiting half-reaction in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC).Although Pt is the most active single-metal electrocatalyst for MOR,it is hampered by high cost and CO poisoning.Constructing a Pt or Ru monolayer on a second metal substrate by means of galvanic replacement of underpotentially deposited(UPD)Cu monolayer has been shown as an efficient catalyst design strategy for the electrocatalysis of MOR because of the presumed 100%utilization of atoms and resistance to CO poisoning.Herein,we prepared one-dimensional surface-alloyed electrocatalyst from predominantly(111)faceted Au nanowires with high aspect ratio as the substrate of under-potential deposition.The electrocatalyst comprises a core of the Au nanowire and a shell of catalytically active Pt coated by Ru.Coverage-dependent electro-catalytic activity and stability is demonstrated on the Pt/Ru submonolayers on Au wires for MOR.Among all these catalysts,Au@PtML@RuMLexhibits the best electrocatalytic activity and poisoning tolerance to CO.This presents a viable method for the rational catalyst design for achieving high noble-metal utilization efficiency and high catalytic performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62074155,62204253 and 62205366)Guangdong Program(No.2016ZT06D631)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2020A1515110938 and 2020A1515110142)Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(Nos.KCXFZ202002011008124 and JCYJ20210324101405016)。
摘要Developing precise extracellular vesicles(EVs)labelling techniques with minimal disturbance is of great importance to the follow-up EVs detection and analysis.However,currently available methods such as using probes to conjugate phospholipids or membrane proteins have certain limitations due to EV steric hindrance,dye aggregation,etc.Here,we present a microfluidic platform to enhance EVs’labelling efficiency and improve their detection.This platform provides excellent sample throughput and high-efficiency EV labelling at lower label concentrations with an optimized flowing rate.Flow cytometry analysis(FCM)and cellular uptake results show that EV labelling by utilizing this platform possesses the merits of a higher labelling efficiency with 64.1%relative improvement than conventional co-incubation method and a lower background noise.Moreover,this technique maintains EVs’size,morphology and biological activities.After the recipient cells uptake the EVs treated by the microfluidic platform,the spatial and temporal distribution of EVs in the cells are clearly observed.These results demonstrate that our method holds great potential in efficient labelling of EVs,which is essential to subsequent EV quantification and analysis.