In the present study,the effects of Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide(PN-S)on the immune functions of immunosuppressed mice were determined.The immunosuppressed mouse model was established by treating the mice with...In the present study,the effects of Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide(PN-S)on the immune functions of immunosuppressed mice were determined.The immunosuppressed mouse model was established by treating the mice with cyclophosphamide(40 mg/kg/2d,CY)through intraperitoneal injection.The results showed that PN-S administration significantly reversed the CY-induced weight loss,increased the thymic and splenic indices,and promoted proliferation of T lymphocyte,B lymphocyte,and macrophages.PN-S also enhanced the activity of natural killer cells and increased the immunoglobulin M(Ig M)and immunoglobulin G(Ig G)levels in the serum.In addition,PN-S treatment significantly increased the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages.PN-S also increased the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(INF-γ),and nitric oxide(NOS)in splenocytes.q RT-PCR results also indicated that PN-S increased the m RNA expression of IL-6,TNF-α,INF-γ,and nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)in the splenocytes.These results suggest that PN-S treatment enhances the immune function of immunosuppressed mice.This study may provide a basis for the application of this fungus in adjacent immunopotentiating therapy against cancer and in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.展开更多
A novel Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide(PN-S) was purified andcharacterized,and its immune-stimulating activity was evaluated in RAW264.7 macrophages.PN-S induced the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dep...A novel Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide(PN-S) was purified andcharacterized,and its immune-stimulating activity was evaluated in RAW264.7 macrophages.PN-S induced the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner,as determined by the MTT assay.After exposure to PN-S,the phagocytosis of the macrophages was significantly improved,with remarkable changes in morphology being observed.Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that PN-S promoted RAW264.7 cells to progress through S and G2/M phases.PN-S treatment enhanced the productions of interleukin-6(IL-6),nitric oxide(NO),interferon gamma(INF-γ),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the macrophages,with up-regulation of m RNA expressions of interleukin-6(IL-6),inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS),interferon gamma(INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) being observed in a dose-dependent manner,as measured by q RT-PCR.In conclusion,these results suggest that the purified PN-S can improve immunity by activating macrophages.展开更多
Initiation and development of resin ducts were studied in cortex of stem of Pinus massoniana Lamb.by thin section.It is shown that the development of resin ducts can be divided into four stages:the initial stage,the i...Initiation and development of resin ducts were studied in cortex of stem of Pinus massoniana Lamb.by thin section.It is shown that the development of resin ducts can be divided into four stages:the initial stage,the intercellular space forming stage,the lumen expanding stage and the mature stage.To further investigate the original mode of resin ducts,cytochemical localization of pectinase with a transmission electron microscope(TEM)was conducted.Results showed that the pectinase was active during resin duct development.At the initial stage,reaction products of pectinase first appeared in the corner of swollen cell wall among the future epithelial cells and later along the walls.At the intercellular space forming stage,reaction products occurred in the cell wall/intercellular space interface and its density decreased while the intercellular space enlarged.At the mature stage,no reaction products were found in the walls of the epithelial cells.These results indicate that pectinase catalyzes the degradation of the middle lamella of the epithelial cells during the resin ducts development.The cytochemical evidence supports that the resin ducts are formed by schizogeny.This report represents the first direct evidence for the involvement of pectinase in resin ducts formation.展开更多
A method to extract phase shifts and reconstruct the object wave in generalized phase-shifting interferometry(GPSI)is proposed.The phase distribution of a standard phase object and the least-square method are used to ...A method to extract phase shifts and reconstruct the object wave in generalized phase-shifting interferometry(GPSI)is proposed.The phase distribution of a standard phase object and the least-square method are used to extract phase shifts over a wide range from 0 to?π.Consequently,the tested object wave can be further reconstructed with the extracted phase shifts.It is accurate and applicable for GPSI of any frame number(N≥2).Computer simulation has verified its feasibility and validity.展开更多
The negative refraction and imaging effects in photonic crystals can be used to solve diffraction limit problem in near-field optics.Improving transmission efficiency and image resolution is a critical work for negati...The negative refraction and imaging effects in photonic crystals can be used to solve diffraction limit problem in near-field optics.Improving transmission efficiency and image resolution is a critical work for negative refraction imaging.We theoretically investigate the band structures,equi-frequency surfaces,electromagnetic wave propagation,and the image intensity distributions in a two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystal consisting of hollow components.It is found that,in contrast to a hexagonal photonic crystal consisting of solid dielectric cylinders of the same radius,photonic crystals with hollow components can be used to optimize the all-angle negative refraction.Numerical simulations show that the transmission efficiency and resolution of image can be enhanced by changing the radii of the hollow air rods.展开更多
Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is an age-related disease of unknown etiology, characterized by prostatic enlargement coincident with distinct alterations in tissue histology. In the present study, we investigated w...Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is an age-related disease of unknown etiology, characterized by prostatic enlargement coincident with distinct alterations in tissue histology. In the present study, we investigated whether triptolide can prevent testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Castration was performed via the scrotal route after urethane aesthesia. BPH was induced in experimental groups by daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate(TP) for two weeks. Triptolide was administered daily by oral gavage at a dose of 100 and 50 μg×kg-1 for 2 weeks, along with the TP injections. On day 14, the animals were humanely killed by cervical dislocation after aesthesia. Prostates were excised, weighed, and used for histological studies. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone(DHT) levels in serum and prostate were measured. The results showed that triptolide significantly reduced the prostate weight, and the testosterone and DHT levels in both the serum and prostate. Histopathological examination also showed that triptolide treatment suppressed TP-induced prostatic hyperplasia. In conclusion, triptolide effectively inhibits the development of BPH induced by testosterone in a rat model.展开更多
基金supported by the Ph.D.Training Foundation of Tianjin University of Science and Technology(No201402)
摘要In the present study,the effects of Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide(PN-S)on the immune functions of immunosuppressed mice were determined.The immunosuppressed mouse model was established by treating the mice with cyclophosphamide(40 mg/kg/2d,CY)through intraperitoneal injection.The results showed that PN-S administration significantly reversed the CY-induced weight loss,increased the thymic and splenic indices,and promoted proliferation of T lymphocyte,B lymphocyte,and macrophages.PN-S also enhanced the activity of natural killer cells and increased the immunoglobulin M(Ig M)and immunoglobulin G(Ig G)levels in the serum.In addition,PN-S treatment significantly increased the phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages.PN-S also increased the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon-γ(INF-γ),and nitric oxide(NOS)in splenocytes.q RT-PCR results also indicated that PN-S increased the m RNA expression of IL-6,TNF-α,INF-γ,and nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)in the splenocytes.These results suggest that PN-S treatment enhances the immune function of immunosuppressed mice.This study may provide a basis for the application of this fungus in adjacent immunopotentiating therapy against cancer and in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31101357 and 31271915)
摘要A novel Pleurotus nebrodensis polysaccharide(PN-S) was purified andcharacterized,and its immune-stimulating activity was evaluated in RAW264.7 macrophages.PN-S induced the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner,as determined by the MTT assay.After exposure to PN-S,the phagocytosis of the macrophages was significantly improved,with remarkable changes in morphology being observed.Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that PN-S promoted RAW264.7 cells to progress through S and G2/M phases.PN-S treatment enhanced the productions of interleukin-6(IL-6),nitric oxide(NO),interferon gamma(INF-γ),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in the macrophages,with up-regulation of m RNA expressions of interleukin-6(IL-6),inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS),interferon gamma(INF-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) being observed in a dose-dependent manner,as measured by q RT-PCR.In conclusion,these results suggest that the purified PN-S can improve immunity by activating macrophages.
摘要Initiation and development of resin ducts were studied in cortex of stem of Pinus massoniana Lamb.by thin section.It is shown that the development of resin ducts can be divided into four stages:the initial stage,the intercellular space forming stage,the lumen expanding stage and the mature stage.To further investigate the original mode of resin ducts,cytochemical localization of pectinase with a transmission electron microscope(TEM)was conducted.Results showed that the pectinase was active during resin duct development.At the initial stage,reaction products of pectinase first appeared in the corner of swollen cell wall among the future epithelial cells and later along the walls.At the intercellular space forming stage,reaction products occurred in the cell wall/intercellular space interface and its density decreased while the intercellular space enlarged.At the mature stage,no reaction products were found in the walls of the epithelial cells.These results indicate that pectinase catalyzes the degradation of the middle lamella of the epithelial cells during the resin ducts development.The cytochemical evidence supports that the resin ducts are formed by schizogeny.This report represents the first direct evidence for the involvement of pectinase in resin ducts formation.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61275014the Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province under Grant No 2011GGH20119the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant No ZR2011FQ011.
摘要A method to extract phase shifts and reconstruct the object wave in generalized phase-shifting interferometry(GPSI)is proposed.The phase distribution of a standard phase object and the least-square method are used to extract phase shifts over a wide range from 0 to?π.Consequently,the tested object wave can be further reconstructed with the extracted phase shifts.It is accurate and applicable for GPSI of any frame number(N≥2).Computer simulation has verified its feasibility and validity.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 60907005,10804063 and 51102148the National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant Nos ZR2011FQ011 and ZR2010AM025+3 种基金the National Science and Technology Program of Shandong Province under Grant No 2011GGH20119the Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Scientists of Shandong Province under Grant No BS2011DX023the Science&Technology Bureau of Shenzhen under Grant No 0014632063100426032the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University under Grant No 2010TB019.
摘要The negative refraction and imaging effects in photonic crystals can be used to solve diffraction limit problem in near-field optics.Improving transmission efficiency and image resolution is a critical work for negative refraction imaging.We theoretically investigate the band structures,equi-frequency surfaces,electromagnetic wave propagation,and the image intensity distributions in a two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystal consisting of hollow components.It is found that,in contrast to a hexagonal photonic crystal consisting of solid dielectric cylinders of the same radius,photonic crystals with hollow components can be used to optimize the all-angle negative refraction.Numerical simulations show that the transmission efficiency and resolution of image can be enhanced by changing the radii of the hollow air rods.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81173651,81320108029,and 81303301)the 2011’ Program for Excellent Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Jiangsu Higher Education,“the 111 Project(111-2-07)”
摘要Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH) is an age-related disease of unknown etiology, characterized by prostatic enlargement coincident with distinct alterations in tissue histology. In the present study, we investigated whether triptolide can prevent testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats. Castration was performed via the scrotal route after urethane aesthesia. BPH was induced in experimental groups by daily subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate(TP) for two weeks. Triptolide was administered daily by oral gavage at a dose of 100 and 50 μg×kg-1 for 2 weeks, along with the TP injections. On day 14, the animals were humanely killed by cervical dislocation after aesthesia. Prostates were excised, weighed, and used for histological studies. Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone(DHT) levels in serum and prostate were measured. The results showed that triptolide significantly reduced the prostate weight, and the testosterone and DHT levels in both the serum and prostate. Histopathological examination also showed that triptolide treatment suppressed TP-induced prostatic hyperplasia. In conclusion, triptolide effectively inhibits the development of BPH induced by testosterone in a rat model.