Background:Diagnostic panels based on multiple biomarkers and clinical characteristics are considered more favorable than individual biomarker to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Based on age,sex,alpha-fetoprote...Background:Diagnostic panels based on multiple biomarkers and clinical characteristics are considered more favorable than individual biomarker to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Based on age,sex,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and protein induced by vitamin K absence II(PIVKA-II)with/without AFP-L3,ASAP and GALAD models are potential diagnostic panels.The diagnostic performances of these two panels were compared relative to HCC detection among patients with various etiologies of chronic liver diseases(CLDs).Methods:A multicenter case-control study recruited CLDs patients with and without HCC from 14 Chi-nese hospitals.The etiologies of CLDs included hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),alcoholic liver disease(ALD),and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values,the diagnostic performances of ASAP and GALAD models were com-pared to detect HCC among patients with various etiologies of CLDs.Results:Among 248 HCC patients and 722 CLD controls,the ASAP model demonstrated the highest AUC(0.886)to detect HCC at any stage,outperforming the GALAD model(0.853,P=0.001),as well as any individual biomarker(0.687-0.799,all P<0.001).In the subgroup analysis of various CLDs etiologies,the ASAP model outperformed the GALAD model to HCC independent of CLDs etiology.In addition,the ASAP model performed better in detecting early-stage(BCLC stage 0/A)HCC versus the GALAD model.Conclusions:Despite using one less laboratory variable(AFP-L3),the ASAP model demonstrated better diagnostic performance than the GALAD model to detect all-stage HCC among patients with various eti-ologies of CLDs-related HCC.展开更多
Background:Currently,there is a deficiency in a strong risk prediction framework for precisely evaluating the likelihood of severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective hepato-pancreatobiliary su...Background:Currently,there is a deficiency in a strong risk prediction framework for precisely evaluating the likelihood of severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective hepato-pancreatobiliary surgery subsequent to experiencing breakthrough infection of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This study aimed to find factors predicting postoperative complications and construct an innovative nomogram to pinpoint patients who were susceptible to developing severe complications following breakthrough infection of COVID-19 after undergoing elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.Methods:This multicenter retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeries between January 3 and April 1,2023 from four hospitals in China.All of these patients had experienced breakthrough infection of COVID-19 prior to their surgeries.Additionally,two groups of patients without preoperative COVID-19 infection were included as comparative controls.Surgical complications were meticulously documented and evaluated using the comprehensive complication index(CCI),which ranged from 0(uneventful course)to 100(death).A CCI value of 20.9 was identified as the threshold for defining severe complications.Results:Among 2636 patients who were included in this study,873 were included in the reference group I,941 in the reference group II,389 in the internal cohort,and 433 in the external validation cohort.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that completing a full course of COVID-19 vaccination>6 months before surgery,undergoing surgery within 4 weeks of diagnosis of COVID-19 breakthrough infection,operation duration of 4 h or longer,cancer-related surgery,and major surgical procedures were significantly linked to a CCI>20.9.A nomogram model was constructed utilizing CCI>20.9 in the training cohort[area under the curve(AUC):0.919,95%confidence interval(CI):0.881–0.957],the internal validation cohort(AUC:0.910,95%CI:0.847–0.973),and the external validation cohort(AUC:0.841,95%CI:0.799–0.883).The calibration curve for the probability of CCI>20.9 demonstrated good agreement between the predictions made by the nomogram and the actual observations.Conclusions:The developed model holds significant potential in aiding clinicians with clinical decisionmaking and risk stratification for patients who have experienced breakthrough infection of COVID-19 prior to undergoing elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.展开更多
Intestinal autotransplantation(IATx)allows for radical resection to be performed on selected patients with superior mesenteric artery(SMA)involvement.However,the complexity of IATx is a major consideration.This surgic...Intestinal autotransplantation(IATx)allows for radical resection to be performed on selected patients with superior mesenteric artery(SMA)involvement.However,the complexity of IATx is a major consideration.This surgical technique requires a simpler approach,shorter operative time and lower perioperative risk.Our group has successfully pioneered a semi-ex vivo IATx approach for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer with the SMA,superior mesenteric vein(SMV),and jejunal artery(JA)branch involvement.The present report illustrates how this operation was carried out.At a follow-up of up to 8 months,there were no signs of tumor recurrence.展开更多
The robotic liver resection(RLR)has been increasingly applied in recent years and its benefits shown in some aspects owing to the technical advancement of robotic surgical system,however,controversies still exist.Base...The robotic liver resection(RLR)has been increasingly applied in recent years and its benefits shown in some aspects owing to the technical advancement of robotic surgical system,however,controversies still exist.Based on the foundation of the previous consensus statement,this new consensus document aimed to update clinical recommendations and provide guidance to improve the outcomes of RLR clinical practice.The guideline steering group and guideline expert group were formed by 29 international experts of liver surgery and evidence-based medicine(EBM).Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed by the evidence evaluation group.According to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development,the Guidance Principles of Development and Amendment of the Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in China 2022,a total of 14 recommendations were generated.Among them were 8 recommendations formulated by the GRADE method,and the remaining 6 recommendations were formulated based on literature review and experts’opinion due to insufficient EBM results.This international experts consensus guideline offered guidance for the safe and effective clinical practice and the research direction of RLR in future.展开更多
Objective:To establish a new classification of biliary tumor thrombus(BTT).Methods:Overall survival of patients with BTT was first used to determine whether it correlated with current hepatocellular carcinoma staging ...Objective:To establish a new classification of biliary tumor thrombus(BTT).Methods:Overall survival of patients with BTT was first used to determine whether it correlated with current hepatocellular carcinoma staging systems.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine factors affecting the overall survival(OS)to form the basis of our new classification for BTT.Results:All 6 international staging systems showed overlapping survival curves.Univariate followed by multivariate analyses showed that total bilirubin and intrahepatic/extrahepatic BTT were significant risk factors of OS.Based on these data,a new BTT classification was defined as:TypeⅠ:intrahepatic BTT;and TypeⅡ:extrahepatic BTT involving a common bile duct or common hepatic duct.TypeⅠwas further subdivided into type Ia:BTT involving a second-order intrahepatic duct or above,and type Ib:BTT involving a first-order intrahepatic duct.TypeⅡwas further subdivided into typeⅡa and typeⅡb using a cut-off total bilirubin(TB)>300μmol/L.The numbers(percentages)of patients with typesⅠandⅡBTT were 69(34.2%)and 133(65.8%),respectively.The median OS of typeⅠpatients was significantly higher than that of typeⅡpatients(37.5 months vs.23.2 months;P=0.002).Using subgroup analyses,OS outcomes were significantly different between the subgroups of typeⅡb and type IIa,although there was no significant difference between the type Ia and type Ib subgroups(P=0.07).Conclusions:A new BTT classification was established to predict prognoses of HCC patients with BTT who underwent liver resection.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has recently been developed to induce rapid liver hypertrophy and reduce posthepatectomy liver failure in patients wit...BACKGROUND: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has recently been developed to induce rapid liver hypertrophy and reduce posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with insufficient future liver remnant (FLR). ALPPS is still considered to be in an early developmental phase because surgical indications and techniques have not been standardized. This article aimed to review the current role and future developments of ALPPS. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching MED- LINE and PubMed for articles from January 2007 to October 2016 using the keywords "associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy" and "ALPPS" Addi- tional papers were identified by a manual search of references from key articles. RESULTS: ALPPS induces more hypertrophy of the FLR in less time than portal vein embolization or portal vein ligation. The benefits of ALPPS include rapid hypertrophy 47%-110% of the liver over a median of 6-16.4 days, and 95%-100% com- pletion rate of the second stage of ALPPS. The main criticisms of ALPPS are centered on its high morbidity and mortality rates. Morbidity rates after ALPPS have been reported to be 15.3%-100%, with ≥ the Clavien-Dindo grade III morbidity of 13.6%-44%. Mortality rates have been reported to be 0%-29%. The important questions to ask even if oncologic long-term results are acceptable are: whether the gain in quality and quantity of life can be off balance by the substantial risks of morbidity and mortality, and whether stimulation of rapid liver hypertrophy also accelerates rapid tumor progression and spread. Up till now, the documentations of the ALPPS procedure come mainly from case series, and most of these series include heterogeneous groups of malignancies. The numbers are also too small to separately evaluate survival for different tumor etiologies. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, knowledge on ALPPS is limited, and prospective randomized studies are lacking. From the reported preliminary results, safety of the ALPPS procedure remains questionable. ALPPS should only be used in experienced, high-volume hepatobiliary centers.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is an adeno-carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree arising from the main left or right hepatic ducts or their confluence. This tumor is still considered to be difficult to...BACKGROUND: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is an adeno-carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree arising from the main left or right hepatic ducts or their confluence. This tumor is still considered to be difficult to treat or to cure. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed the medical literature on HC. Relevant and updated information on this tumor was analyzed in a concise and easy-to-read manner. The article is not intended to be a systematic review, but an extensive search was conducted on PubMed and MEDLINE using the keywords 'hilar cholangiocarcinoma' and 'Klatskin tumor' until July 2011. RESULTS: The selection and the timing of management options for patients with HC are determined by the degree of certainty of the diagnosis, the general condition of the patients, the underlying liver function and the stage of the disease. Current treatment of HC can be divided into curative and palliative treatment. For the curative treatment, local excision should only be used on small tumors which are confined to the bile duct wall and Bismuth I papillary carcinoma. Partial hepatectomy should be combined with caudate lobe resection and porta-hepatis lymph node dissection. The results of these major resections can be improved with portal vein embolization, and staging laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound. The role of preoperative biliary drainage is controversial. Autotransplantation for HC gave disappointing results while the Mayo Protocol of chemoradiation for selecting patients with unresectable HC for orthotopic liver transplantation has been widely accepted. Palliative treatment included bypass surgery, endoscopic or percutaneous stenting, photodynamic therapy, intraluminal brachytherapy, and external radiation and systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate surgery with R0 resection should be the main goal of treatment. For patients with unresectable HC, treatment aims to improve the quality and quantity of their survival.展开更多
Anatomic location/size and number of lesions,inadequate volume of future liver remnant,or poor coexisting premorbid conditions preclude surgery in the majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Liver tran...Anatomic location/size and number of lesions,inadequate volume of future liver remnant,or poor coexisting premorbid conditions preclude surgery in the majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Liver transplantation can cure some patients with poor liver function,but few patients are eligible because of scarcity of donors.Without specific anti-cancer treatment,the prognosis of HCC is poor.Various locoregional therapies are used to treat patients who are not candidates for surgery,and have emerged as tools for palliation,tumor downstaging,and bridging therapy prior to liver transplantation.Currently,local ablative therapy even competes with partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation as a primary treatment for small HCC.HCC is well suited to treatment with loco-regional therapy because it has a tendency to stay within the liver,with distant metastasis generally occurring late in the course of disease.This suggests that an effective local-regional therapy can have a great impact on HCC patients who are not candidates for surgical treatment.Loco-regional therapy can further be justified because patients with HCC usually die of liver failure consequent to intrahepatic growth resulting in liver tissue destruction,rather than extrahepatic metastases.展开更多
BACKGROUND: With advances in technology, laparoscopic liver resection is widely accepted. Laparoscopic liver resection under hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion has advantages over the conventional total hepatic in...BACKGROUND: With advances in technology, laparoscopic liver resection is widely accepted. Laparoscopic liver resection under hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion has advantages over the conventional total hepatic inflow occlusion using the Pringle's maneuver, especially in patients with cirrhosis.METHOD: From November 2011 to August 2012, eight consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic liver resection under hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion using the lowering of hilar plate approach with biliary bougie assistance.RESULTS: The types of liver resection included right hepatectomy(n1), right posterior sectionectomy(n1), left hepatectomy and common bile duct exploration(n1), segment 4b resection(n1), left lateral sectionectomy(n2), and wedge resection(n2). Four patients underwent right and 4 left hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion. Four patients had cirrhosis. The mean operation time was 176.3 minutes. The mean time taken to achieve hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion was 24.3minutes. The mean duration of vascular inflow occlusion was54.5 minutes. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 361 mL.No patient required blood transfusion. Postoperatively, one patient developed bile leak which healed with conservative treatment. No postoperative liver failure and mortality occurred. The mean hospital stay of the patients was 7 days.CONCLUSION: Our technique of hemihepatic vascular inflow vascular occlusion using the lowering of hilar plate approachwas safe, and it improved laparoscopic liver resection by minimizing blood loss during liver parenchymal transection.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has recently been developed to induce rapid liver hypertrophy to reduce the chance of post-hepatectomy liver failure in p...BACKGROUND: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has recently been developed to induce rapid liver hypertrophy to reduce the chance of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with borderline or insufficient future liver remnant. ALPPS is still in an early developmental stage and its techniques have not been standardized. This study aimed to review the technical modifications of the conventional ALPPS procedure. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed for articles published from January 2007 to December 2016 using the keywords 'associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy' and 'ALPPS'. Additional articles were identified by a manual search of references from key articles. RESULTS: There have been a lot of modifications of the conventional ALPPS. These are classified as: (1) modifications aiming to improve surgical results; (2) modifications aiming to expand surgical indications; (3) salvage ALPPS; (4) ALPPS using the minimally invasive approach. Some of these modifications have made the conventional ALPPS procedure to become even more complex, although there have also been other attempts to make the procedure less complex. The results of most of these modifications have been reported in small case series or case reports. We need better well-designed studies to establish the true roles of these modifications. However, it is interesting to see how this conventional ALPPS procedure has evolved since its introduction. CONCLUSIONS: There is a trend for the use of minimally invasive procedure in the phase 1 or 2 of the conventional ALPPS procedure. Some of these modifications have expanded the use of ALPPS in patients who have been considered to have unresectable liver tumors. The long-term oncological outcomes of these modifications are still unknown.展开更多
BACKGROUND To report on the use of percutaneous hydrochloric acid(HCl) enhanced radiofrequency ablation(HRFA) for the treatment of large(maximum diameter ≥5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the caudate lobe.CASE ...BACKGROUND To report on the use of percutaneous hydrochloric acid(HCl) enhanced radiofrequency ablation(HRFA) for the treatment of large(maximum diameter ≥5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the caudate lobe.CASE SUMMARY Between August 2013 and June 2016, three patients with a large HCC(maximum diameter: 5.0, 5.7, and 8.1 cm) in the caudate lobe were treated by transarterial chemoembolization followed by computer tomography(CT) guided RFA using a monopolar perfusion RF electrode, which was enhanced by local infusion of 10%HCl at 0.2 mL/min(total volume, 3 to 12 mL). The output power of HRFA reached 100 W, and the average ablation time was 39 min(range, 15 to 60 min).Two patients each underwent one session of HRFA and one patient two sessions.After treatment, CT/magnetic resonance imaging showed that all the three lesions were completely ablated. There was no major complication. Two patients had asymptomatic bile duct dilatation. One patient died of tongue cancer 24 mo after ablation. The remaining two patients were alive and no area of enhancement is detected in the caudate lobe at 28 and 60 mo after ablation, respectively.CONCLUSION Percutaneous CT-guided HRFA is safe and efficacious in treating large HCC in the caudate lobe.展开更多
Local ablative therapy is used in treating liver tumors by either injection of cytotoxic agents(chemicals,radioactive isotopes,hyperthermic agents or chemotherapeutic agents)or application of an energy source to ach...Local ablative therapy is used in treating liver tumors by either injection of cytotoxic agents(chemicals,radioactive isotopes,hyperthermic agents or chemotherapeutic agents)or application of an energy source to achieve thermal ablation,cryoablation or conformal external beam radiation(Table 1).展开更多
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is a very common but a highly lethal malignancy due to its biological aggressive behavior. PDAC more commonly affects the head than other parts of the pancreas. As PDAC in the he...Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is a very common but a highly lethal malignancy due to its biological aggressive behavior. PDAC more commonly affects the head than other parts of the pancreas. As PDAC in the head of pancreas is located at an anatomical position with a lot of adjacent vital structures, and the cornerstone of treatment aiming at cure is pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).展开更多
BACKGROUND:Low central venous pressure(CVP) affects hemodynamic stability and tissue perfusion.This prospective study aimed to evaluate the optimal CVP during partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METH...BACKGROUND:Low central venous pressure(CVP) affects hemodynamic stability and tissue perfusion.This prospective study aimed to evaluate the optimal CVP during partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:Ninety-seven patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for HCC had their CVP controlled at a level of 0 to 5 mmHg during hepatic parenchymal transection.The systolic blood pressure(SBP) was maintained,if possible,at 90 mmHg or higher.Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 90 patients(92.8%) and cirrhosis in 84 patients(86.6%).Pringle maneuver was used routinely in these patients with clamp/unclamp cycles of 15/5 minutes.The average clamp time was 21.4±8.0 minutes.These patients were divided into 5 groups based on the CVP:group A:0-1 mmHg;B:1.1-2 mmHg;C:2.1-3 mmHg;D:3.1-4 mmHg and E:4.1-5 mmHg.The blood loss per transection area during hepatic parenchymal transection and the arterial blood gas before and after liver transection were analyzed.RESULTS:With active fluid load,a constant SBP ≥90 mmHg which was considered as optimal was maintained in 18.6% in group A(95% CI:10.8%-26.3%);39.2% in group B(95% CI:29.5%-48.9%);72.2% in group C(95% CI:63.2%-81.1%);89.7% in group D(95% CI:83.6%-95.7%);and 100% in group E(95% CI:100%-100%).The blood loss per transection area during hepatic parenchymal transection decreased with a decrease in CVP.Compared to groups D and E,blood loss in groups A,B and C was significantly less(analysis of variance test,P【0.05).Compared with the baseline,the blood oxygenation decreased significantly when the CVP was reduced.Base excess and HCO 3-in groups A and B were significantly decreased compared with those in groups C,D and E(P【0.05).CONCLUSION:In consideration of blood loss,SBP,base excess and HCO 3-,a CVP of 2.1-3 mmHg was optimal in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for HCC.展开更多
To the Editor:We read with interest of the article by Dr.Lim et al.[1].The authors concluded that a delay of≥3 months from diagnosis to treatment in patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer(BCLC)0-A st age hepatoc...To the Editor:We read with interest of the article by Dr.Lim et al.[1].The authors concluded that a delay of≥3 months from diagnosis to treatment in patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer(BCLC)0-A st age hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)does not affect long-term outcomes after curative resection compared with those with a delay of<3 months.Undoubtedly,this is a challenging viewpoint,which is contrary to traditional concept– the sooner the tumor removal,the better the oncologic prognosis.Herein,we would like to raise the following comments.展开更多
Background:Both portal vein embolization(PVE)and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)have merits and demerits when used in patients with unresectable liver cancers due to ...Background:Both portal vein embolization(PVE)and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)have merits and demerits when used in patients with unresectable liver cancers due to insufficient volumes in future liver remnant(FLR).Methods:This study was a single-center,prospective randomized comparative study.Patients with the diagnosis of hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the 2 groups.The primary endpoints were tumor resection and three-year overall survival(OS)rates.Results:Between November 2014 to June 2016,76 patients with unresectable HBV-related HCC due to inadequate volume of FLR were randomly assigned to ALPPS groups(n=38)and TACE+PVE groups(n=38).Thirty-seven patients(97.4%)in the ALPPS group compared with 25 patients(65.8%)in the TACE+PVE group were able to undergo staged hepatectomy(risk ratio 1.48,95%CI:1.17-1.87,P<0.001).The three-year OS rate of the ALPPS group(65.8%)(95%CI:50.7-80.9)was significantly better than the TACE+PVE group(42.1%)(95%CI:26.4-57.8)(HR 0.50,95%CI:0.26-0.98,two-sided P=0.036).However,no significant difference in the OS rates between patients who underwent tumor resection in the 2 groups of patients was found(HR 0.80,95%CI:0.35-1.83,two-sided P=0.595).Major postoperative complications rates after the stage-2 hepatectomy were 54.1%in the ALPPS group and 20.0%in the TACE+PVE group(risk ratio 2.70,95%CI:1.17-6.25,P=0.007).Conclusions:ALPPS resulted in significantly better intermediate-term OS outcomes,at the expenses of a significantly higher perioperative morbidity rate compared with TACE+PVE in patients who had initially unresectable HBV-related HCC.展开更多
Background:Chemotherapy is a common treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma,but the effect is not satisfactory.The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the effects of adding all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA)to ...Background:Chemotherapy is a common treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma,but the effect is not satisfactory.The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the effects of adding all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA)to infusional fluorouracil,leucovorin,and oxaliplatin(FOLFOX4)for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:We extracted the data of patients with advanced HCC who underwent systemic chemotherapy using FOLFOX4 or ATRA plus FOLFOX4 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital,First Hospital of Jilin University,and Zhejiang Sian International Hospital and retrospectively compared for overall survival.The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratios for overall survival and disease progression after controlling for age,sex,and disease stage.Results:From July 2013 to July 2018,111 patients with HCC were included in this study.The median survival duration was 14.8 months in the ATRA plus FOLFOX4 group and 8.2 months in the FOLFOX4 only group(P<0.001).The ATRA plus FOLFOX4 group had a significantly longer median time to progression compared with the FOLFOX4 group(3.6 monthsvs.1.8 months,P<0.001).Hazard ratios for overall survival and disease progression were 0.465(95%confidence interval:0.298–0.726;P=0.001)and 0.474(0.314–0.717;P<0.001)after adjusting for potential confounders,respectively.Conclusion:ATRA plus FOLFOX4 significantly improves the overall survival and time to disease progression in patients with advanced HCC.展开更多
Background:The associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with fibrosis/cirrhosis is often associated with limited growth of future liver remnant...Background:The associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with fibrosis/cirrhosis is often associated with limited growth of future liver remnant(FLR).We introduced a new procedure named transcatheter arterial embolization-salvaged ALPPS(TAE-salvaged ALPPS)which was shown to be especially suitable for HCC patients with cirrhosis or fibrosis who failed adequately to respond to conventional ALPPS.The short-term efficacy and safety for the TAE-salvaged ALPPS on patients with HCC and fibrosis/cirrhosis were studied.Methods:Consecutive HCC patients who underwent TAE-salvaged ALPPS in our hospital between November 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively studied.The new ALPPS procedure included conventional ALPPS stage-1 using associating liver partition and portal vein ligation.When FLR failed to reach sufficient hypertrophy,TAE was carried out 2 weeks later followed by liver resection 3 weeks after ALPPS stage-1.Results:Nine of 10 patients had a single tumor(median diameter 14.0 cm,range,5.2-17 cm).The remaining patient had multiple tumors(diameter of one tumor 14.0 cm,and two satellite foci 2.0 and 3.0 cm).R0 resection was achieved in all patients(100%)after a median of 21 days.Six patients had cirrhosis,1 had METAVIR grade-3 fibrosis,and 3 had METAVIR grade-2 fibrosis.The median increase in FLR volume after TAE-salvaged ALPPS was 69.7%(34.4-143.9%).The absolute and relative kinetic growth rates(KGRs)were 9.9(7.1-17.3)mL/day and 3.4%(1.9-7.2%)/day,respectively.The median absolute KGRs were 15.7,2.6,and 19.5 mL/day in the first,second,and third postoperative weeks after ALPPS stage-1,respectively.The rapid increase in KGR on the third week was induced by TAE.The overall postoperative morbidity rates were 50,0%(5/10),20.0%(2/10)and 70.0%(7/10)after ALPPS stage-1,TAE and ALPPS stage-2,respectively.The 90-day mortality rate was 10.0%(1/10).The median overall survival was 40 months.Conclusions:The new TAE-salvaged ALPPS induced significant increases in FLR volumes within 3 weeks in patients with HCC and fibrosis/cirrhosis.The procedure is promising in treating patients with HCC and fibrosis/cirrhosis who fail to achieve sufficient FLR hypertrophy after conventional ALPPS stage-1.展开更多
Background:Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion(MVI)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)may optimize individualized treatment decision-making.This study aimed to investigate the prognostic differences between...Background:Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion(MVI)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)may optimize individualized treatment decision-making.This study aimed to investigate the prognostic differences between HCC patients undergoing liver resection(LR)and liver transplantation(LT)based on predicted MVI risks.Methods:We analysed 905 patients who underwent LR,including 524 who underwent anatomical resection(AR)and 117 who underwent LT for HCC within the Milan criteria using propensity score matching.A nomogram model was used to predict preoperative MVI risk.Results:The concordance indices of the nomogram for predicting MVI were 0.809 and 0.838 in patients undergoing LR and LT,respectively.Based on an optimal cut-off value of 200 points,the nomogram defined patients as high-or low-risk MVI groups.LT resulted in a lower 5-year recurrence rate and higher 5-year overall survival(OS)rate than LR among the high-risk patients(23.6%vs 73.2%,P<0.001;87.8%vs 48.1%,P<0.001)and low-risk patients(19.0%vs 45.7%,P<0.001;86.5%vs 70.0%,P=0.002).The hazard ratios(HRs)of LT vs LR for recurrence and OS were 0.18(95%confidence interval[CI],0.09–0.37)and 0.12(95%CI,0.04–0.37)among the high-risk patients and 0.37(95%CI,0.21–0.66)and 0.36(95%CI,0.17–0.78)among the low-risk patients.LT also provided a lower 5-year recurrence rate and higher 5-year OS rate than AR among the high-risk patients(24.8%vs 63.5%,P=0.001;86.7%vs 65.7%,P=0.004),with HRs of LT vs AR for recurrence and OS being 0.24(95%CI,0.11–0.53)and 0.17(95%CI,0.06–0.52),respectively.The 5-year recurrence and OS rates between patients undergoing LT and AR were not significantly different in the low-risk patients(19.4%vs 28.3%,P=0.129;85.7%vs 77.8%,P=0.161).Conclusions:LT was superior to LR for patients with HCC within the Milan criteria with a predicted high or low risk of MVI.No significant differences in prognosis were found between LT and AR in patients with a low risk of MVI.展开更多
The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage.Currently,there are only a few therapeutic methods available for patients with advanced HCC and extrahepatic metastasis(EHM).System...The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage.Currently,there are only a few therapeutic methods available for patients with advanced HCC and extrahepatic metastasis(EHM).Systemic chemotherapy,such as FOLFOX4(infusions of fluorouracil,leucovorin,and oxaliplatin),has been reported for treating advanced HCC with EHM,but its effectiveness is very poor.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972726 and 82273074)Abbott Diagnostics(ADD-China-2016).
摘要Background:Diagnostic panels based on multiple biomarkers and clinical characteristics are considered more favorable than individual biomarker to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Based on age,sex,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and protein induced by vitamin K absence II(PIVKA-II)with/without AFP-L3,ASAP and GALAD models are potential diagnostic panels.The diagnostic performances of these two panels were compared relative to HCC detection among patients with various etiologies of chronic liver diseases(CLDs).Methods:A multicenter case-control study recruited CLDs patients with and without HCC from 14 Chi-nese hospitals.The etiologies of CLDs included hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),alcoholic liver disease(ALD),and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values,the diagnostic performances of ASAP and GALAD models were com-pared to detect HCC among patients with various etiologies of CLDs.Results:Among 248 HCC patients and 722 CLD controls,the ASAP model demonstrated the highest AUC(0.886)to detect HCC at any stage,outperforming the GALAD model(0.853,P=0.001),as well as any individual biomarker(0.687-0.799,all P<0.001).In the subgroup analysis of various CLDs etiologies,the ASAP model outperformed the GALAD model to HCC independent of CLDs etiology.In addition,the ASAP model performed better in detecting early-stage(BCLC stage 0/A)HCC versus the GALAD model.Conclusions:Despite using one less laboratory variable(AFP-L3),the ASAP model demonstrated better diagnostic performance than the GALAD model to detect all-stage HCC among patients with various eti-ologies of CLDs-related HCC.
基金supported by grants from the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(81521091 and 82073031)the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(92269204)Clinical Research Plan of SHDC(SHDC2020CR5007 and SHDC22020213)。
摘要Background:Currently,there is a deficiency in a strong risk prediction framework for precisely evaluating the likelihood of severe postoperative complications in patients undergoing elective hepato-pancreatobiliary surgery subsequent to experiencing breakthrough infection of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).This study aimed to find factors predicting postoperative complications and construct an innovative nomogram to pinpoint patients who were susceptible to developing severe complications following breakthrough infection of COVID-19 after undergoing elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.Methods:This multicenter retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgeries between January 3 and April 1,2023 from four hospitals in China.All of these patients had experienced breakthrough infection of COVID-19 prior to their surgeries.Additionally,two groups of patients without preoperative COVID-19 infection were included as comparative controls.Surgical complications were meticulously documented and evaluated using the comprehensive complication index(CCI),which ranged from 0(uneventful course)to 100(death).A CCI value of 20.9 was identified as the threshold for defining severe complications.Results:Among 2636 patients who were included in this study,873 were included in the reference group I,941 in the reference group II,389 in the internal cohort,and 433 in the external validation cohort.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that completing a full course of COVID-19 vaccination>6 months before surgery,undergoing surgery within 4 weeks of diagnosis of COVID-19 breakthrough infection,operation duration of 4 h or longer,cancer-related surgery,and major surgical procedures were significantly linked to a CCI>20.9.A nomogram model was constructed utilizing CCI>20.9 in the training cohort[area under the curve(AUC):0.919,95%confidence interval(CI):0.881–0.957],the internal validation cohort(AUC:0.910,95%CI:0.847–0.973),and the external validation cohort(AUC:0.841,95%CI:0.799–0.883).The calibration curve for the probability of CCI>20.9 demonstrated good agreement between the predictions made by the nomogram and the actual observations.Conclusions:The developed model holds significant potential in aiding clinicians with clinical decisionmaking and risk stratification for patients who have experienced breakthrough infection of COVID-19 prior to undergoing elective hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82373189)the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2021YFS0375 and2022YFS0596)。
摘要Intestinal autotransplantation(IATx)allows for radical resection to be performed on selected patients with superior mesenteric artery(SMA)involvement.However,the complexity of IATx is a major consideration.This surgical technique requires a simpler approach,shorter operative time and lower perioperative risk.Our group has successfully pioneered a semi-ex vivo IATx approach for patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer with the SMA,superior mesenteric vein(SMV),and jejunal artery(JA)branch involvement.The present report illustrates how this operation was carried out.At a follow-up of up to 8 months,there were no signs of tumor recurrence.
摘要The robotic liver resection(RLR)has been increasingly applied in recent years and its benefits shown in some aspects owing to the technical advancement of robotic surgical system,however,controversies still exist.Based on the foundation of the previous consensus statement,this new consensus document aimed to update clinical recommendations and provide guidance to improve the outcomes of RLR clinical practice.The guideline steering group and guideline expert group were formed by 29 international experts of liver surgery and evidence-based medicine(EBM).Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed by the evidence evaluation group.According to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development,the Guidance Principles of Development and Amendment of the Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in China 2022,a total of 14 recommendations were generated.Among them were 8 recommendations formulated by the GRADE method,and the remaining 6 recommendations were formulated based on literature review and experts’opinion due to insufficient EBM results.This international experts consensus guideline offered guidance for the safe and effective clinical practice and the research direction of RLR in future.
基金supported by grants from Youth Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission(Grant No.20184Y0153)the Shanghai Young Physicians Training Program(Grant No.2018-15)+3 种基金the Medical Innovation Project of Health and Family Planning Commission of Fujian Province(Grant No.2018-CX-8)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81730097)a grant from the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups(Grant No.81521091)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81602523 and 81702335)。
摘要Objective:To establish a new classification of biliary tumor thrombus(BTT).Methods:Overall survival of patients with BTT was first used to determine whether it correlated with current hepatocellular carcinoma staging systems.Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine factors affecting the overall survival(OS)to form the basis of our new classification for BTT.Results:All 6 international staging systems showed overlapping survival curves.Univariate followed by multivariate analyses showed that total bilirubin and intrahepatic/extrahepatic BTT were significant risk factors of OS.Based on these data,a new BTT classification was defined as:TypeⅠ:intrahepatic BTT;and TypeⅡ:extrahepatic BTT involving a common bile duct or common hepatic duct.TypeⅠwas further subdivided into type Ia:BTT involving a second-order intrahepatic duct or above,and type Ib:BTT involving a first-order intrahepatic duct.TypeⅡwas further subdivided into typeⅡa and typeⅡb using a cut-off total bilirubin(TB)>300μmol/L.The numbers(percentages)of patients with typesⅠandⅡBTT were 69(34.2%)and 133(65.8%),respectively.The median OS of typeⅠpatients was significantly higher than that of typeⅡpatients(37.5 months vs.23.2 months;P=0.002).Using subgroup analyses,OS outcomes were significantly different between the subgroups of typeⅡb and type IIa,although there was no significant difference between the type Ia and type Ib subgroups(P=0.07).Conclusions:A new BTT classification was established to predict prognoses of HCC patients with BTT who underwent liver resection.
摘要BACKGROUND: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has recently been developed to induce rapid liver hypertrophy and reduce posthepatectomy liver failure in patients with insufficient future liver remnant (FLR). ALPPS is still considered to be in an early developmental phase because surgical indications and techniques have not been standardized. This article aimed to review the current role and future developments of ALPPS. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching MED- LINE and PubMed for articles from January 2007 to October 2016 using the keywords "associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy" and "ALPPS" Addi- tional papers were identified by a manual search of references from key articles. RESULTS: ALPPS induces more hypertrophy of the FLR in less time than portal vein embolization or portal vein ligation. The benefits of ALPPS include rapid hypertrophy 47%-110% of the liver over a median of 6-16.4 days, and 95%-100% com- pletion rate of the second stage of ALPPS. The main criticisms of ALPPS are centered on its high morbidity and mortality rates. Morbidity rates after ALPPS have been reported to be 15.3%-100%, with ≥ the Clavien-Dindo grade III morbidity of 13.6%-44%. Mortality rates have been reported to be 0%-29%. The important questions to ask even if oncologic long-term results are acceptable are: whether the gain in quality and quantity of life can be off balance by the substantial risks of morbidity and mortality, and whether stimulation of rapid liver hypertrophy also accelerates rapid tumor progression and spread. Up till now, the documentations of the ALPPS procedure come mainly from case series, and most of these series include heterogeneous groups of malignancies. The numbers are also too small to separately evaluate survival for different tumor etiologies. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, knowledge on ALPPS is limited, and prospective randomized studies are lacking. From the reported preliminary results, safety of the ALPPS procedure remains questionable. ALPPS should only be used in experienced, high-volume hepatobiliary centers.
摘要BACKGROUND: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC) is an adeno-carcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary tree arising from the main left or right hepatic ducts or their confluence. This tumor is still considered to be difficult to treat or to cure. DATA SOURCES: We reviewed the medical literature on HC. Relevant and updated information on this tumor was analyzed in a concise and easy-to-read manner. The article is not intended to be a systematic review, but an extensive search was conducted on PubMed and MEDLINE using the keywords 'hilar cholangiocarcinoma' and 'Klatskin tumor' until July 2011. RESULTS: The selection and the timing of management options for patients with HC are determined by the degree of certainty of the diagnosis, the general condition of the patients, the underlying liver function and the stage of the disease. Current treatment of HC can be divided into curative and palliative treatment. For the curative treatment, local excision should only be used on small tumors which are confined to the bile duct wall and Bismuth I papillary carcinoma. Partial hepatectomy should be combined with caudate lobe resection and porta-hepatis lymph node dissection. The results of these major resections can be improved with portal vein embolization, and staging laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasound. The role of preoperative biliary drainage is controversial. Autotransplantation for HC gave disappointing results while the Mayo Protocol of chemoradiation for selecting patients with unresectable HC for orthotopic liver transplantation has been widely accepted. Palliative treatment included bypass surgery, endoscopic or percutaneous stenting, photodynamic therapy, intraluminal brachytherapy, and external radiation and systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate surgery with R0 resection should be the main goal of treatment. For patients with unresectable HC, treatment aims to improve the quality and quantity of their survival.
摘要Anatomic location/size and number of lesions,inadequate volume of future liver remnant,or poor coexisting premorbid conditions preclude surgery in the majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Liver transplantation can cure some patients with poor liver function,but few patients are eligible because of scarcity of donors.Without specific anti-cancer treatment,the prognosis of HCC is poor.Various locoregional therapies are used to treat patients who are not candidates for surgery,and have emerged as tools for palliation,tumor downstaging,and bridging therapy prior to liver transplantation.Currently,local ablative therapy even competes with partial hepatectomy and liver transplantation as a primary treatment for small HCC.HCC is well suited to treatment with loco-regional therapy because it has a tendency to stay within the liver,with distant metastasis generally occurring late in the course of disease.This suggests that an effective local-regional therapy can have a great impact on HCC patients who are not candidates for surgical treatment.Loco-regional therapy can further be justified because patients with HCC usually die of liver failure consequent to intrahepatic growth resulting in liver tissue destruction,rather than extrahepatic metastases.
摘要BACKGROUND: With advances in technology, laparoscopic liver resection is widely accepted. Laparoscopic liver resection under hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion has advantages over the conventional total hepatic inflow occlusion using the Pringle's maneuver, especially in patients with cirrhosis.METHOD: From November 2011 to August 2012, eight consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic liver resection under hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion using the lowering of hilar plate approach with biliary bougie assistance.RESULTS: The types of liver resection included right hepatectomy(n1), right posterior sectionectomy(n1), left hepatectomy and common bile duct exploration(n1), segment 4b resection(n1), left lateral sectionectomy(n2), and wedge resection(n2). Four patients underwent right and 4 left hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion. Four patients had cirrhosis. The mean operation time was 176.3 minutes. The mean time taken to achieve hemihepatic vascular inflow occlusion was 24.3minutes. The mean duration of vascular inflow occlusion was54.5 minutes. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 361 mL.No patient required blood transfusion. Postoperatively, one patient developed bile leak which healed with conservative treatment. No postoperative liver failure and mortality occurred. The mean hospital stay of the patients was 7 days.CONCLUSION: Our technique of hemihepatic vascular inflow vascular occlusion using the lowering of hilar plate approachwas safe, and it improved laparoscopic liver resection by minimizing blood loss during liver parenchymal transection.
摘要BACKGROUND: Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) has recently been developed to induce rapid liver hypertrophy to reduce the chance of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with borderline or insufficient future liver remnant. ALPPS is still in an early developmental stage and its techniques have not been standardized. This study aimed to review the technical modifications of the conventional ALPPS procedure. DATA SOURCES: Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed for articles published from January 2007 to December 2016 using the keywords 'associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy' and 'ALPPS'. Additional articles were identified by a manual search of references from key articles. RESULTS: There have been a lot of modifications of the conventional ALPPS. These are classified as: (1) modifications aiming to improve surgical results; (2) modifications aiming to expand surgical indications; (3) salvage ALPPS; (4) ALPPS using the minimally invasive approach. Some of these modifications have made the conventional ALPPS procedure to become even more complex, although there have also been other attempts to make the procedure less complex. The results of most of these modifications have been reported in small case series or case reports. We need better well-designed studies to establish the true roles of these modifications. However, it is interesting to see how this conventional ALPPS procedure has evolved since its introduction. CONCLUSIONS: There is a trend for the use of minimally invasive procedure in the phase 1 or 2 of the conventional ALPPS procedure. Some of these modifications have expanded the use of ALPPS in patients who have been considered to have unresectable liver tumors. The long-term oncological outcomes of these modifications are still unknown.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771955
摘要BACKGROUND To report on the use of percutaneous hydrochloric acid(HCl) enhanced radiofrequency ablation(HRFA) for the treatment of large(maximum diameter ≥5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the caudate lobe.CASE SUMMARY Between August 2013 and June 2016, three patients with a large HCC(maximum diameter: 5.0, 5.7, and 8.1 cm) in the caudate lobe were treated by transarterial chemoembolization followed by computer tomography(CT) guided RFA using a monopolar perfusion RF electrode, which was enhanced by local infusion of 10%HCl at 0.2 mL/min(total volume, 3 to 12 mL). The output power of HRFA reached 100 W, and the average ablation time was 39 min(range, 15 to 60 min).Two patients each underwent one session of HRFA and one patient two sessions.After treatment, CT/magnetic resonance imaging showed that all the three lesions were completely ablated. There was no major complication. Two patients had asymptomatic bile duct dilatation. One patient died of tongue cancer 24 mo after ablation. The remaining two patients were alive and no area of enhancement is detected in the caudate lobe at 28 and 60 mo after ablation, respectively.CONCLUSION Percutaneous CT-guided HRFA is safe and efficacious in treating large HCC in the caudate lobe.
摘要Local ablative therapy is used in treating liver tumors by either injection of cytotoxic agents(chemicals,radioactive isotopes,hyperthermic agents or chemotherapeutic agents)or application of an energy source to achieve thermal ablation,cryoablation or conformal external beam radiation(Table 1).
摘要Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is a very common but a highly lethal malignancy due to its biological aggressive behavior. PDAC more commonly affects the head than other parts of the pancreas. As PDAC in the head of pancreas is located at an anatomical position with a lot of adjacent vital structures, and the cornerstone of treatment aiming at cure is pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).
基金supported by a grant from the Guangxi Natural Science(GKZ0447066)
摘要BACKGROUND:Low central venous pressure(CVP) affects hemodynamic stability and tissue perfusion.This prospective study aimed to evaluate the optimal CVP during partial hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:Ninety-seven patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for HCC had their CVP controlled at a level of 0 to 5 mmHg during hepatic parenchymal transection.The systolic blood pressure(SBP) was maintained,if possible,at 90 mmHg or higher.Hepatitis B surface antigen was positive in 90 patients(92.8%) and cirrhosis in 84 patients(86.6%).Pringle maneuver was used routinely in these patients with clamp/unclamp cycles of 15/5 minutes.The average clamp time was 21.4±8.0 minutes.These patients were divided into 5 groups based on the CVP:group A:0-1 mmHg;B:1.1-2 mmHg;C:2.1-3 mmHg;D:3.1-4 mmHg and E:4.1-5 mmHg.The blood loss per transection area during hepatic parenchymal transection and the arterial blood gas before and after liver transection were analyzed.RESULTS:With active fluid load,a constant SBP ≥90 mmHg which was considered as optimal was maintained in 18.6% in group A(95% CI:10.8%-26.3%);39.2% in group B(95% CI:29.5%-48.9%);72.2% in group C(95% CI:63.2%-81.1%);89.7% in group D(95% CI:83.6%-95.7%);and 100% in group E(95% CI:100%-100%).The blood loss per transection area during hepatic parenchymal transection decreased with a decrease in CVP.Compared to groups D and E,blood loss in groups A,B and C was significantly less(analysis of variance test,P【0.05).Compared with the baseline,the blood oxygenation decreased significantly when the CVP was reduced.Base excess and HCO 3-in groups A and B were significantly decreased compared with those in groups C,D and E(P【0.05).CONCLUSION:In consideration of blood loss,SBP,base excess and HCO 3-,a CVP of 2.1-3 mmHg was optimal in patients undergoing partial hepatectomy for HCC.
摘要To the Editor:We read with interest of the article by Dr.Lim et al.[1].The authors concluded that a delay of≥3 months from diagnosis to treatment in patients with Barcelona clinic liver cancer(BCLC)0-A st age hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)does not affect long-term outcomes after curative resection compared with those with a delay of<3 months.Undoubtedly,this is a challenging viewpoint,which is contrary to traditional concept– the sooner the tumor removal,the better the oncologic prognosis.Herein,we would like to raise the following comments.
基金This study was funded by the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups,NSFC,China(81521091)the State Key Infection Disease Project of China(2018ZX10732202-002-005)the National Human Genetic Resources Sharing Service Platform(2005DKA21300).
摘要Background:Both portal vein embolization(PVE)and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)have merits and demerits when used in patients with unresectable liver cancers due to insufficient volumes in future liver remnant(FLR).Methods:This study was a single-center,prospective randomized comparative study.Patients with the diagnosis of hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the 2 groups.The primary endpoints were tumor resection and three-year overall survival(OS)rates.Results:Between November 2014 to June 2016,76 patients with unresectable HBV-related HCC due to inadequate volume of FLR were randomly assigned to ALPPS groups(n=38)and TACE+PVE groups(n=38).Thirty-seven patients(97.4%)in the ALPPS group compared with 25 patients(65.8%)in the TACE+PVE group were able to undergo staged hepatectomy(risk ratio 1.48,95%CI:1.17-1.87,P<0.001).The three-year OS rate of the ALPPS group(65.8%)(95%CI:50.7-80.9)was significantly better than the TACE+PVE group(42.1%)(95%CI:26.4-57.8)(HR 0.50,95%CI:0.26-0.98,two-sided P=0.036).However,no significant difference in the OS rates between patients who underwent tumor resection in the 2 groups of patients was found(HR 0.80,95%CI:0.35-1.83,two-sided P=0.595).Major postoperative complications rates after the stage-2 hepatectomy were 54.1%in the ALPPS group and 20.0%in the TACE+PVE group(risk ratio 2.70,95%CI:1.17-6.25,P=0.007).Conclusions:ALPPS resulted in significantly better intermediate-term OS outcomes,at the expenses of a significantly higher perioperative morbidity rate compared with TACE+PVE in patients who had initially unresectable HBV-related HCC.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82073293)Clinical Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center(Joint Project of Emerging Frontier Technology)(SHDC12018116)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China(No:81730097)。
摘要Background:Chemotherapy is a common treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma,but the effect is not satisfactory.The study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the effects of adding all-trans-retinoic acid(ATRA)to infusional fluorouracil,leucovorin,and oxaliplatin(FOLFOX4)for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:We extracted the data of patients with advanced HCC who underwent systemic chemotherapy using FOLFOX4 or ATRA plus FOLFOX4 at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital,First Hospital of Jilin University,and Zhejiang Sian International Hospital and retrospectively compared for overall survival.The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratios for overall survival and disease progression after controlling for age,sex,and disease stage.Results:From July 2013 to July 2018,111 patients with HCC were included in this study.The median survival duration was 14.8 months in the ATRA plus FOLFOX4 group and 8.2 months in the FOLFOX4 only group(P<0.001).The ATRA plus FOLFOX4 group had a significantly longer median time to progression compared with the FOLFOX4 group(3.6 monthsvs.1.8 months,P<0.001).Hazard ratios for overall survival and disease progression were 0.465(95%confidence interval:0.298–0.726;P=0.001)and 0.474(0.314–0.717;P<0.001)after adjusting for potential confounders,respectively.Conclusion:ATRA plus FOLFOX4 significantly improves the overall survival and time to disease progression in patients with advanced HCC.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82150004).
摘要Background:The associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy(ALPPS)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with fibrosis/cirrhosis is often associated with limited growth of future liver remnant(FLR).We introduced a new procedure named transcatheter arterial embolization-salvaged ALPPS(TAE-salvaged ALPPS)which was shown to be especially suitable for HCC patients with cirrhosis or fibrosis who failed adequately to respond to conventional ALPPS.The short-term efficacy and safety for the TAE-salvaged ALPPS on patients with HCC and fibrosis/cirrhosis were studied.Methods:Consecutive HCC patients who underwent TAE-salvaged ALPPS in our hospital between November 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively studied.The new ALPPS procedure included conventional ALPPS stage-1 using associating liver partition and portal vein ligation.When FLR failed to reach sufficient hypertrophy,TAE was carried out 2 weeks later followed by liver resection 3 weeks after ALPPS stage-1.Results:Nine of 10 patients had a single tumor(median diameter 14.0 cm,range,5.2-17 cm).The remaining patient had multiple tumors(diameter of one tumor 14.0 cm,and two satellite foci 2.0 and 3.0 cm).R0 resection was achieved in all patients(100%)after a median of 21 days.Six patients had cirrhosis,1 had METAVIR grade-3 fibrosis,and 3 had METAVIR grade-2 fibrosis.The median increase in FLR volume after TAE-salvaged ALPPS was 69.7%(34.4-143.9%).The absolute and relative kinetic growth rates(KGRs)were 9.9(7.1-17.3)mL/day and 3.4%(1.9-7.2%)/day,respectively.The median absolute KGRs were 15.7,2.6,and 19.5 mL/day in the first,second,and third postoperative weeks after ALPPS stage-1,respectively.The rapid increase in KGR on the third week was induced by TAE.The overall postoperative morbidity rates were 50,0%(5/10),20.0%(2/10)and 70.0%(7/10)after ALPPS stage-1,TAE and ALPPS stage-2,respectively.The 90-day mortality rate was 10.0%(1/10).The median overall survival was 40 months.Conclusions:The new TAE-salvaged ALPPS induced significant increases in FLR volumes within 3 weeks in patients with HCC and fibrosis/cirrhosis.The procedure is promising in treating patients with HCC and fibrosis/cirrhosis who fail to achieve sufficient FLR hypertrophy after conventional ALPPS stage-1.
基金supported by the State Key Project on Infectious Diseases[2018ZX10723204]Project of Shanghai Key Clinical Specialties[SHSLCZDZK02402]+2 种基金Project of Shenkang Hospital Development Center[SHDC2020CR5007,SHDC12019110]Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan[21Y11912700]The funders had no role in the study design,data collection,data analysis,interpretation,or writing of the report.
摘要Background:Preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion(MVI)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)may optimize individualized treatment decision-making.This study aimed to investigate the prognostic differences between HCC patients undergoing liver resection(LR)and liver transplantation(LT)based on predicted MVI risks.Methods:We analysed 905 patients who underwent LR,including 524 who underwent anatomical resection(AR)and 117 who underwent LT for HCC within the Milan criteria using propensity score matching.A nomogram model was used to predict preoperative MVI risk.Results:The concordance indices of the nomogram for predicting MVI were 0.809 and 0.838 in patients undergoing LR and LT,respectively.Based on an optimal cut-off value of 200 points,the nomogram defined patients as high-or low-risk MVI groups.LT resulted in a lower 5-year recurrence rate and higher 5-year overall survival(OS)rate than LR among the high-risk patients(23.6%vs 73.2%,P<0.001;87.8%vs 48.1%,P<0.001)and low-risk patients(19.0%vs 45.7%,P<0.001;86.5%vs 70.0%,P=0.002).The hazard ratios(HRs)of LT vs LR for recurrence and OS were 0.18(95%confidence interval[CI],0.09–0.37)and 0.12(95%CI,0.04–0.37)among the high-risk patients and 0.37(95%CI,0.21–0.66)and 0.36(95%CI,0.17–0.78)among the low-risk patients.LT also provided a lower 5-year recurrence rate and higher 5-year OS rate than AR among the high-risk patients(24.8%vs 63.5%,P=0.001;86.7%vs 65.7%,P=0.004),with HRs of LT vs AR for recurrence and OS being 0.24(95%CI,0.11–0.53)and 0.17(95%CI,0.06–0.52),respectively.The 5-year recurrence and OS rates between patients undergoing LT and AR were not significantly different in the low-risk patients(19.4%vs 28.3%,P=0.129;85.7%vs 77.8%,P=0.161).Conclusions:LT was superior to LR for patients with HCC within the Milan criteria with a predicted high or low risk of MVI.No significant differences in prognosis were found between LT and AR in patients with a low risk of MVI.
基金The authors thank all the patients and their families.We would like to acknowledge Dr.Yuchao Zhang from the Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health,Chinese Academy of Sciences for his suggestions in the analysis of the proteomics data of this study.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no:82073293)the National Key R&D Program of China(no:2022YFC2503700)+3 种基金the State Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China(no:81730097)Shanghai Top Priority Research Center Project(no.2023Zz02005)the Clinical Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center(Joint Project of Emerging Frontier Technology)(no.SHDC12018116)the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center(no.SHDC2020CR1004A).
摘要The majority of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage.Currently,there are only a few therapeutic methods available for patients with advanced HCC and extrahepatic metastasis(EHM).Systemic chemotherapy,such as FOLFOX4(infusions of fluorouracil,leucovorin,and oxaliplatin),has been reported for treating advanced HCC with EHM,but its effectiveness is very poor.