Nanofiber carbon aerogels with 3D interconnected microfibrillar networks exhibit fascinating physical properties and present great application potential.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic nanofi...Nanofiber carbon aerogels with 3D interconnected microfibrillar networks exhibit fascinating physical properties and present great application potential.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic nanofiber carbon aerogels owing to their extremely dilute brittle interconnections and poor fiber toughness after carbonization.Herein,aramid nanofibers(ANF)anocellulose(CNF)dual-fibrous carbon aerogels are prepared,which exhibited supercompressibility and superelasticity due to the"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect of ANF and CNF and the design of in-plane micro-wrinkle honeycomb structure.The"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect improves interfacial interactions of nanofibers and optimizes the stress distribution of carbon aerogel.The highly ordered honeycomb structure with in-plane microwrinkles,formed by the bidirectional freezing and the difference in volume shrinkage during the carbonization between CNFs and ANFs,endows the CNF/ANF carbon aerogel with negative Poisson's ratio and high energy absorption capacity.These strategies significantly improve the overall mechanical properties of ANF/CNF carbon aerogel including the elasticity and fatigue resistance.As a result,the ultralight carbon aerogel(3.46 mg/cm3)exhibits excellent supercompression(undergoing an extreme strain of 95%)and elasticity(a stress retention up to 81.38% at 90% strain with 500 cycles and 96.15% at 50%strain with 10,000 cycles).The nanofiber carbon aerogel shows excellent multifunctional properties in flexible piezoresistive sensor and anisotropic thermal insulation materials,including a desirable sensitivity(as high as 48.74 kPa-1)and an instant response time(~40 ms),an anisotropy factor of 3.69 and an ultralow radial thermal conductivity(0.012 W m-1 K-1).These properties make dual-fibrous carbon aerogels highly attractive in pressure sensors and thermal management applications.展开更多
To advance the theoretical understanding,technological development,and field application of electric charge induction for monitoring rock deformation and failure,this study investigates the induced electric charge gen...To advance the theoretical understanding,technological development,and field application of electric charge induction for monitoring rock deformation and failure,this study investigates the induced electric charge generated during the deformation and failure of igneous rocks.The charge originates mainly from a combination of electrical polarization and triboelectric effects.Through laboratory experiments,we analyzed the time-frequency evolution of induced electric charge signals and identified relevant monitoring parameters.An online downhole electric charge induction monitoring system was developed and validated in the field.Experimental results show that the dominant frequency range of induced electric charge signals generated during igneous rock deformation and failure lies between 0 and 23 Hz,and a low-pass finite impulse response(FIR)filter effectively suppresses noise.Optimal sensor distances for monitoring cubic and cylindrical specimens were determined to be 17 mm and 13 mm,respectively.We proposed early warning indicators,including the maximum absolute value of the induced electric charge,the arithmetic mean value,the distribution dispersion coefficient,and the cumulative sum value.In field application,time-domain curves and spatial distribution charts of these warning indicators correspond well with changes in abutment stress ahead of the mining face,offering indirect insights into local stress evolution.This research provides technical and equipment support for the application of electric charge induction technology to monitoring and early warning of coal bursts.展开更多
Monkeypox,a zoonotic illness caused by monkeypox virus(MPXV),has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization(WHO)on two separate occasions.The rapid spread and wid...Monkeypox,a zoonotic illness caused by monkeypox virus(MPXV),has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization(WHO)on two separate occasions.The rapid spread and widespread transmission are closely associated with various proteins involved in the MPXV lifecycle,particularly surface antigen proteins found in mature virion(MV)and enveloped virion(EV),such as A29L,M1R,B6R,and A35R.These antigens are highly conserved in MPXV and vaccinia virus(VACV),possessing cross-protective capabilities that can trigger broad immune protection against multiple orthopoxviruses,including MPXV.Vaccines based on DNA,mRNA,and recombinant proteins,targeting these antigens effectively address the current lack of specific monkeypox vaccines by triggering strong immune responses and ensuring the prevention of monkeypox.Compared to traditional vaccines,multi-epitope vaccines designed using computational tools such as reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics offer lower development costs and faster validation processes.These multi-epitope vaccines also provide adaptability to mutations in MPXV strains.Additionally,these antigens and corresponding antibodies are useful for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring,supporting early detection and offering novel treatments for cases resistant to existing antiviral drugs.This review provides a brief summary of recent progress and emerging trends in monkeypox detection,vaccine development,and antibody-based therapy targeting these antigens,offering new insights for monkeypox prevention and control.展开更多
The large-scale utilization of renewable energy challenges the stability and safety of the grid;thus,the flexibility of coal-fired power plants should be increased to balance unstable renewable energies.To achieve thi...The large-scale utilization of renewable energy challenges the stability and safety of the grid;thus,the flexibility of coal-fired power plants should be increased to balance unstable renewable energies.To achieve this,a heat storage system(HSS)is integrated into a power plant.This is the first study utilizing furnace flue gas to drive a molten-salt-heat-exchanger(MSHE).Compared to steam-vapor-driven MSHE,flue gas-driven technology avoids the pinch temperature limitation(PTL)and simplifies the system configuration.In this study,we demonstrate the concept,design,fabrication,and experiments of the MSHE.The novelties include:①finned tubes to balance the thermal resistances between the flue gas side and the molten salt side;②a weak angle design to ensure gravity-driven recession of the molten salt;and③a modular design to ensure even temperature distribution at the outlet of the tube bundles.A heat transfer correlation is developed for molten salt,covering a wide range of Reynolds numbers.An experimental setup is constructed to collect data and verify the effectiveness of the MSHE.The measured overall heat transfer coefficients matched the predictions well,with deviations of less than 10%.The measured heat power reached 320 kW,exceeding the 300 kW design target.We demonstrate the heat transfer between the flue gas and molten salt to compensate for the heat release from the HSS to the environment,reducing electricity consumption in the standby stage of the system.The modular design of the MSHE ensures minimal temperature deviations of<4 K among different tubes,avoiding local overheating-induced decomposition of the molten salt.Based on the 300 kW MSHE results,a 10 MW MSHE is designed,fabricated,and integrated into a 350 megawatt electric(MWe)coal-fired plant to achieve a higher load variation rate of 6%Pe·min-1 for a coal-fired power plant.展开更多
In the development of coalbed methane(CBM)reservoirs using multistage fractured horizontal wells,there often exist areas that are either repeatedly stimulated or completely unstimulated between fracturing stages,leadi...In the development of coalbed methane(CBM)reservoirs using multistage fractured horizontal wells,there often exist areas that are either repeatedly stimulated or completely unstimulated between fracturing stages,leading to suboptimal reservoir performance.Currently,there is no well-established method for accurately evaluating the effectiveness of such stimulation.This study introduces,for the first time,the concept of the Fracture Network Bridging Coefficient(FNBC)as a novel metric to assess stimulation performance.By quantitatively coupling the proportions of unstimulated and overstimulated volumes,the FNBC effectively characterizes the connectivity and efficiency of the fracture network.A background grid calibration method is developed to quantify the stage-controlled volume,effectively stimulated volume,unstimulated volume,and repeatedly stimulated volume among different stages of horizontal wells.Furthermore,an optimization model is constructed by taking the FNBC as the objective function and the fracturing injection rate and fluid volume as optimization variables.The Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation(SPSA)algorithm is employed to iteratively perturb and optimize these variables,progressively improving the FNBC until the optimal displacement rate and fluid volume corresponding to the maximum FNBC are obtained.Field application in a typical CBM multistage fractured horizontal well in China demonstrates that the FNBC increased from 0.358 to 0.539(a 50.6% improvement),with the injection rate rising from 16 m3/min to 24 m3/min and the average fluid volume per stage increasing from 2490 m3 to 3192 m3,significantly enhancing the stimulation effectiveness.This research provides theoretical support for designing high-efficiency stimulation strategies in unconventional reservoirs under dynamic limits.展开更多
The Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope(CSST)is a flagship space-based observatory.Its main survey camera is designed to conduct high spatial resolution near-ultraviolet to near-infrared imaging and low-resolution ...The Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope(CSST)is a flagship space-based observatory.Its main survey camera is designed to conduct high spatial resolution near-ultraviolet to near-infrared imaging and low-resolution spectroscopic surveys.To maximize the scientific output of CSST,we have developed a comprehensive,highfidelity simulation pipeline for reproducing both imaging and spectroscopic observations.This paper presents an overview of the simulation framework,detailing its implementation and components.Built upon the Gal Sim package and incorporating the latest CSST instrumental specifications,our pipeline generates pixel-level mock observations that closely replicate the expected instrumental and observational conditions.The simulation suite integrates realistic astrophysical object catalogs,instrumental effects,point-spread function modeling,and observational noises to produce accurate synthetic data.We describe the key processing stages of the simulation,from constructing the input object catalogs to modeling the telescope optics and detector responses.Furthermore,we introduce the most recent release of simulated datasets,which provide a crucial testbed for data processing pipeline developments,calibration strategies,and scientific analyses,ensuring that CSST will meet its stringent requirements.Our pipeline serves as a vital tool for optimizing CSST main survey strategies and ensuring robust cosmological measurements.展开更多
1.Paracentral dogma:Supporting the central dogma with sugar code The central dogma of molecular biology-detailing the unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins—has long been regarded as t...1.Paracentral dogma:Supporting the central dogma with sugar code The central dogma of molecular biology-detailing the unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins—has long been regarded as the definitive framework for understanding biological processes[1].While this concept has proven invaluable,it leaves many cellular phenomena unexplained.Recent discoveries in glycobiology challenge this framework by introducing the paracentral dogma,which positions glycans as the third alphabet of life,complementing nucleic acids and proteins(Fig.1)[2,3].The finding that RNA molecules can be glycosylated has redefined our understanding of molecular interactions[4,5].展开更多
The root cause of new pollutants problems lies in the massive production and use of chemicals,leading to environmental pollution and potential health and ecological risks.New pollutants pose a long-term major threat t...The root cause of new pollutants problems lies in the massive production and use of chemicals,leading to environmental pollution and potential health and ecological risks.New pollutants pose a long-term major threat to both environmental health and human well-being.Chinese environmental scientists and researchers in related fields have been dedicating to studying new pollutants and their associated substances since 1999,conducting multidimensional pioneering research.This review synthesizes cutting-edge advancements in scientific discoveries,technological innovations,and policy developments,with a particular focus on the transformative progress and impacts of research into new pollutants conducted by the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology(SKLECE)at the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences(RCEES)over the past two decades.By integrating precise analysis,mechanistic insights,and scalable solutions,this work redefines the field of environmental toxicology and offers a paradigm shift in global pollutant management.It promotes health risk mitigation and sustainable environmental safety,contributing significantly to the advancement of environmental science and global governance strategies.展开更多
Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord ...Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord are lacking.Here,by injecting the cholera toxin B subunit into the sciatic nerve of a rhesus monkey,we successfully labeled the motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the lumbar and sacralspinal cord.Labeled alpha motor neurons were located in lamina IX of the L6–S1 segments,which innervate both flexors and extensors.The labeled primary sensory afferents were mainly myelinated Aβfibers that terminated mostly in laminae I and II of the L4–L7 segments.Together with the labeled proprioceptive afferents,the primary sensory afferents formed excitatory synapses with multiple types of spinal neurons.In summary,our methods successfully traced neuronal connections in the monkey spinal cord and can be used in spinal cord studies when nonhuman primates are used.展开更多
Understanding the molecular responses of tea leaves to mechanical stress is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of post-harvest quality formation during oolong tea processing.This study employed an integrated multi...Understanding the molecular responses of tea leaves to mechanical stress is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of post-harvest quality formation during oolong tea processing.This study employed an integrated multi-omics strategy to characterize the changes and interactions among metabolomic(MB),transcriptomic(TX),and proteomic(PT)profiles in mechanically stressed tea leaves.Mechanical stress initially activated damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),including Ca2+signaling,jasmonic acid signaling,and glutathione metabolism pathways.These processes subsequently induced quality-related metabolic pathways(QRMPs),particularly α-linolenic acid and phenylalanine metabolism.Upregulated expression of LOX,ADH1,and PAR genes,together with the increased abundance of their encoded proteins,respectively promoted the accumulation of jasmine lactone,benzyl alcohol,and 2-phenylethanol.These findings indicate that mechanical stress influences the metabolite biosynthesis in tea leaves through coordinated molecular responses.This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tea leaf responses to mechanical stress and a foundation for future investigations into how early molecular events may contribute to post-harvest metabolic changes during oolong tea processing.展开更多
Osteoporosis,the most prevalent skeletal disorder,is primarily driven by aberrantly increased osteoclast formation and/or activity.Targeting hyperactive osteoclasts remains the cornerstone of current therapeutic strat...Osteoporosis,the most prevalent skeletal disorder,is primarily driven by aberrantly increased osteoclast formation and/or activity.Targeting hyperactive osteoclasts remains the cornerstone of current therapeutic strategies.Crebanine(Cre),a natural isoquinoline-derived alkaloid with diverse pharmacological activities,has not yet been explored for osteoporosis treatment.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Cre against ovariectomy(OVX)-induced osteoporosis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Cre dose-dependently inhibited in vitro osteoclast differentiation,actin ring formation,and bone resorption by downregulating nuclear factor of activated T cells 1(NFATc1)and key osteoclast-related genes.Simultaneously,Cre enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization,upregulated osteoblast marker genes,and restored hydrogen peroxide-impaired alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity impaired by hydrogen peroxide,indicating dual regulation of bone remodeling.Mechanistically,Cre activated sirtuin 1(Sirt1),promoting p65 deacetylation,inactivated IκB kinase(IKK),and stabilized IκBα,thus inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB)signaling.Additionally,Cre reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)by upregulating antioxidant enzymes(heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),catalase)and suppressing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)phosphate(NADPH)oxidases(NOX1/4).Furthermore,Cre specifically bound to the predicted site of receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK),blocking RANK ligand(RANKL)-RANK interaction and disrupting downstream protein kinase B(Akt)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.In the OVX mouse model,Cre significantly attenuated bone loss and osteoclastogenesis.Crucially,Cre showed no toxicity in liver or kidney function tests.Collectively,these findings demonstrate that Cre exerts dual therapeutic effects,inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via Sirt1-mediated NF-κB/ROS suppression and promoting osteoblast activity,providing a promising therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.展开更多
The efficient healing rate for self-healing anticorrosion coatings plays an essential role on resisting rapidly developed corrosion and providing sufficient protection properties.The anticorrosion poly(urethane-urea)(...The efficient healing rate for self-healing anticorrosion coatings plays an essential role on resisting rapidly developed corrosion and providing sufficient protection properties.The anticorrosion poly(urethane-urea)(PU)coatings reinforced by mesoporous polydopamine modified Ti3C2TxMXene(MPDA/Ti3C2Tx)were constructed.MPDA/Ti3C2Txwas embedded to offer hierarchically interfacial interactions through microscopic hydrogen bonding in PU chains-PDA molecules,and mesoscopic engaging effects originated from PU matrix anchoring interface mesopores.Hydrogen and disulfide bonds are co-incorporated into PU for producing room-temperature self-healing ability.What's more,the photothermal conversion capability of MPDA/Ti3C2Txendows PU coating with greatly accelerated self-healing rate to resist corrosion expansion.The healed coating exhibited promising stability in simulated seawater after 47 d,proving the practicality and feasibility in protection application of marine facilities.展开更多
The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the affiliation information of the author Wei Wang.The affiliation“6.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China”was missin...The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the affiliation information of the author Wei Wang.The affiliation“6.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China”was missing for Wei Wang.The correct affiliations for Wei Wang2,6 are:2Institute of Neuroscience,Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 6University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China.展开更多
Background Fatty liver syndrome is a prevalent metabolic disorder in transition dairy cows,characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that impairs liver function and leads to systemic metabolic disturbances...Background Fatty liver syndrome is a prevalent metabolic disorder in transition dairy cows,characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that impairs liver function and leads to systemic metabolic disturbances.Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),a prominent n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),not only exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties,but also holds potential in ameliorating lipid metabolism.This study integrated in vitro bovine primary hepatocyte models and in vivo dairy cow trials to investigate the regulatory effects of DHA on hepatic lipid deposition.Results In vitro,40μmol/L DHA significantly reduced triglyceride(TAG)accumulation in steatotic hepatocytes by downregulating genes involved in fatty acid transport(FABP-1,CD36)and lipogenesis(DGAT2,FAS,SREBP-1C),while upregulating markers of lipolysis(CGI-58,ATGL)and fatty acid oxidation(ACADL,CPT1A,CPT2).Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)confirmed DHA-mediated restoration of mitochondrial ultrastructure and enhanced lipid droplet(LD)-mitochondria interactions.In vivo,dietary rumen-protected DHA(180 g/d)supplementation reduced hepatic lipid deposition,improved liver function(evidenced by decreased total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase),reduced oxidative stress and inflammation(suppressed malondialdehyde,glutathione peroxidase,and lipopolysaccharide),coincided with relieving insulin resistance(reduced insulin and glucose,as well increased adiponectin)in dairy cows with fatty liver.These improvements may be attributed to increased expression of TOMM20 and MtCo-1,promoting mitochondrial biogenesis andβ-oxidation,along with an elevated plasma n-3-6 ratio.Conclusions Collectively,these findings suggest that DHA supplementation represents a promising nutritional strategy for preventing spontaneous fatty liver in transition dairy cows by enhancing hepatic lipid clearance and restoring metabolic homeostasis.展开更多
As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing o...As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms.However,the lack of uniformity in detection methods,threshold settings,and reporting formats,as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types,have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.This consensus focuses on the definition,standardization of detection,clinical significance,and limitations of TMB,and provides consensus recommendations for the clinical application of TMB in real-world practice in China.This consensus is aimed at helping clinicians and laboratory personnel understand the clinical significance and testing standards of TMB,promoting more accurate interpretation of test results,and improving patient care.展开更多
The Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Junggar Basin played a critical role in the formation of its oil and gas resources;however,as most of the basin is covered by desert,the evolutionary process remains contro...The Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Junggar Basin played a critical role in the formation of its oil and gas resources;however,as most of the basin is covered by desert,the evolutionary process remains controversial.In this study,we present a comprehensive analysis of the rock associations,petrography,ages,and systematic elemental and isotopic compositions of Carboniferous volcanic rocks obtained from drilling holes along the western margin of the basin,aiming to better constrain the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of this region.Two zircon samples,from tuff and andesite layers,yielded concordant ages of 316.8±1.7 and 321.7±1.8 Ma,respectively,indicating intense volcanic eruptions during the Late Carboniferous.The analyzed volcanic rocks exhibited sodic calc-alkaline affinities,with SiO2content ranging from 53.46 to 61.57 wt%,TiO2content from 0.75 to 1.20 wt%,and a significantly higher Na2O content than that of K2O.In terms of trace elements,they showed variable enrichment in light rare earth elements((La/Yb)N=2.72 to 7.89)and large ion lithophile elements such as Ba,Th,U,and Sr.Low Cr(0.67-65.72)and Ni(0.86-34.90)contents,together with significant negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.17 to 0.35),suggest variable fractionation of the primitive magma prior to eruption.All these features,combined with prominent Nb-Ta depletions in PM-normalized incompatible element spider diagrams,unambiguously indicate their genetic relationship with a subduction environment.However,the volcanic rocks showed low initial(87Sr/86Sr)i values(0.7039-0.7057)and positiveεNd(t)values(7.5-8.0).Moreover,the combined(208Pb/204Pb)i ranged from 37.7295 to 37.7851,(207Pb/204Pb)i ranged from15.4935 to 15.5037,and(206Pb/204Pb)i ranged from 17.8910 to 17.9254,indicating that their primitive magma originated from an extremely depleted mantle source with crustal contamination.Integrating this study with regional geology,we propose that the volcanic rocks in the Kebai Fault Zone were most likely formed in a back-arc basin setting induced by ridge subduction.展开更多
To address the critical gaps in modeling the failure of gas-bearing coal under realistic multi-source disturbances,this study developed,for the first time,a systematically integrated dual-disturbance damage mechanics ...To address the critical gaps in modeling the failure of gas-bearing coal under realistic multi-source disturbances,this study developed,for the first time,a systematically integrated dual-disturbance damage mechanics model.The model uniquely synthesizes a modified Nishihara-NVPB creep framework with partitioned damage evolution laws to concurrently account for gas adsorption,long-term axial static stress,and the synergistic effects of superimposed cyclic and impact dynamic loads.The core innovation is this strategic damage-partitioning integration,where damage from gas and static load is embedded into the elastic element,and damage from dynamic disturbances is embedded into the viscous and plastic elements,enabling a unified representation of complex multi-factor coupling.This integrated constitutive model was successfully embedded into the GDEM continuum-discontinuum software.A full engineering-scale numerical simulation of a coal and gas outburst was conducted.The results,including the excavation outburst initiation distance,in-situ stress evolution at monitoring points,and outburst coal volume,showed high consistency with benchmark results from a large-scale physical simulation test.This work verifies the model's reliability and applicability at the engineering scale and provides a novel analytical framework and computational tool for investigating the disaster mechanisms of coal and rock dynamic disasters under dual disturbances.展开更多
Dolichopetalum is a monotypic liana genus of Apocynaceae and is restricted to subtropical montane forests in Asian subtropical karst areas.In this study,we used plastome data to examine the tribal position of Dolichop...Dolichopetalum is a monotypic liana genus of Apocynaceae and is restricted to subtropical montane forests in Asian subtropical karst areas.In this study,we used plastome data to examine the tribal position of Dolichopetalum within the family,and four plastid and three nuclear loci to further clarify its relationship and taxonomic status.We also estimated the time of origin of Dolichopetalum and modeled its range change by estimating the potential historic and current distributions.Our family-wide phylogenetic analysis confirms that Dolichopetalum belongs to the tribe Marsdenieae.Our subsequent analyses of Marsdenieae further suggest that Dolichopetalum is a distinct genus and has a distant relationship with Marsdenia s.str.,challenging the traditional viewpoint.Dolichopetalum is probably allied to Campestigma,Cionura,Harmandiella,and Gongronema-Dischidanthus-Sarcolobus,and originated at about 11 Ma and rapidly diverged with its four allies over a period of less than three million years,which might be associated with the intensified East Asian monsoon in the early Late Miocene.The distributional range of Dolichopetalum may have undergone a dramatic contraction since the Last Glacial Maximum and will likely further shrink and undergo fragmentation in the future,possibly driven by global warming and desertification in Asian subtropical karst areas.This study provides new insights into the evolutionary history of Dolichopetalum and will have important conservation implications for the unique biodiversity of Asian subtropical karst areas under climate change scenarios.展开更多
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)are slow-growing autotrophs prone to washout.Biofilm carriers improve retention;however,conventional types suffer from low roughness,poor hydrophilicity,and unfavorable surface charge,li...Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)are slow-growing autotrophs prone to washout.Biofilm carriers improve retention;however,conventional types suffer from low roughness,poor hydrophilicity,and unfavorable surface charge,limiting biofilm formation.In this study,a composite carrier was fabricated by loading chitosan(CS)and layered double hydroxide(LDH)onto a polyurethane(PU)sponge,which introduced hydroxyl(-OH)and amino(-NH2)functional groups as well as Mg2+and Al3+ions onto the surface,increased surface roughness,and enhanced the carrier hydrophilicity by 29.2%.During a 55-d nitritation biofilm cultivation experiment,the carrier modified with 0.8 wt%LDH and 0.8 wt%chitosan exhibited significantly enhanced performance.Compared to the unmodified carrier,the sludge adsorption capacity increased by 80.3%,the biofilm biomass increased by 46.8%,and the biofilm growth rate increased by 198.3%,reaching 333.4±9.5 mg/carrier,2023.2±31.5 mg/carrier,and 103.2 mg/(carrier·d)respectively.In addition,the biofilm stability on the carrier was significantly enhanced,with a 54.1%reduction in sludge detachment under ultrasound treatment compared with the unmodified carrier.The nitritation reactor with the CS/LDH-PU carrier maintained stable nitritation performance under high ammonia loading(1.0 g/(L·d))and a higher sludge concentration(5.5 g/L),while the reactor without the carrier collapsed at a lower sludge concentration(4.6 g/L).These findings suggest that the CS/LDH-PU carrier provides an effective strategy for optimizing conventional nitritation carriers and enhancing the resilience of nitritation systems under high ammonia load conditions.展开更多
In this paper,a new series of donor-acceptor coordination polymers(DACPs),[Cd(dppz)(R-ndc)(H2O)]n(R=none,DZU-400;R=F,DZU-400-F;R=Br,DZU-400-Br;DZU is short for Dezhou University),[Cd(dppz)(adc)(H2O)]n(DZU-...In this paper,a new series of donor-acceptor coordination polymers(DACPs),[Cd(dppz)(R-ndc)(H2O)]n(R=none,DZU-400;R=F,DZU-400-F;R=Br,DZU-400-Br;DZU is short for Dezhou University),[Cd(dppz)(adc)(H2O)]n(DZU-401),and{[Cd(dppz)(adb)0.5(HCOO)(H2O)]}n(DZU-402),have been successfully constructed through the combination of electron-deficient dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(dppz)as an acceptor and various dicarboxylic ligands(H2ndc=2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid,F-H2ndc=6,7-difluorona phthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid,Br-H2ndc=6,7-dibromonaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid,H2adc=9,10-anthracenedicarboxylic acid,and H2adb=4,4'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)dibenzoic acid)with electron-rich planar aromatic rings as donors.Structural analyses reveal closely parallel arrangement of the planar acceptor and donor units in these DACPs,which could facilitate the through-space charge transfer(TSCT)interactions of the D-A systems and the corresponding luminescent properties.Interestingly,the DACPs show highly regulable donor dependent photoluminescence from blue to orange.Based on the TSCT based luminescence and the high thermal stability of the DACPs,their thermal-stimuli responsive emission properties were further studied.Photoluminescence intensity of the DACPs all present good linearity with temperature(298-473K),as proved by variable temperature fluorescence spectra.Importantly,the temperature sensing process is reversible and recyclable,suggesting the promising applications of the DACPs as thermal-stimuli responsive materials.展开更多
摘要Nanofiber carbon aerogels with 3D interconnected microfibrillar networks exhibit fascinating physical properties and present great application potential.However,it is still a challenge to fabricate superelastic nanofiber carbon aerogels owing to their extremely dilute brittle interconnections and poor fiber toughness after carbonization.Herein,aramid nanofibers(ANF)anocellulose(CNF)dual-fibrous carbon aerogels are prepared,which exhibited supercompressibility and superelasticity due to the"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect of ANF and CNF and the design of in-plane micro-wrinkle honeycomb structure.The"skeleton-binder"synergistic effect improves interfacial interactions of nanofibers and optimizes the stress distribution of carbon aerogel.The highly ordered honeycomb structure with in-plane microwrinkles,formed by the bidirectional freezing and the difference in volume shrinkage during the carbonization between CNFs and ANFs,endows the CNF/ANF carbon aerogel with negative Poisson's ratio and high energy absorption capacity.These strategies significantly improve the overall mechanical properties of ANF/CNF carbon aerogel including the elasticity and fatigue resistance.As a result,the ultralight carbon aerogel(3.46 mg/cm3)exhibits excellent supercompression(undergoing an extreme strain of 95%)and elasticity(a stress retention up to 81.38% at 90% strain with 500 cycles and 96.15% at 50%strain with 10,000 cycles).The nanofiber carbon aerogel shows excellent multifunctional properties in flexible piezoresistive sensor and anisotropic thermal insulation materials,including a desirable sensitivity(as high as 48.74 kPa-1)and an instant response time(~40 ms),an anisotropy factor of 3.69 and an ultralow radial thermal conductivity(0.012 W m-1 K-1).These properties make dual-fibrous carbon aerogels highly attractive in pressure sensors and thermal management applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2022YFC3004605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Science Fund(Grant No.52104087).
摘要To advance the theoretical understanding,technological development,and field application of electric charge induction for monitoring rock deformation and failure,this study investigates the induced electric charge generated during the deformation and failure of igneous rocks.The charge originates mainly from a combination of electrical polarization and triboelectric effects.Through laboratory experiments,we analyzed the time-frequency evolution of induced electric charge signals and identified relevant monitoring parameters.An online downhole electric charge induction monitoring system was developed and validated in the field.Experimental results show that the dominant frequency range of induced electric charge signals generated during igneous rock deformation and failure lies between 0 and 23 Hz,and a low-pass finite impulse response(FIR)filter effectively suppresses noise.Optimal sensor distances for monitoring cubic and cylindrical specimens were determined to be 17 mm and 13 mm,respectively.We proposed early warning indicators,including the maximum absolute value of the induced electric charge,the arithmetic mean value,the distribution dispersion coefficient,and the cumulative sum value.In field application,time-domain curves and spatial distribution charts of these warning indicators correspond well with changes in abutment stress ahead of the mining face,offering indirect insights into local stress evolution.This research provides technical and equipment support for the application of electric charge induction technology to monitoring and early warning of coal bursts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFC2311503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82322042,82272248,82500159,22565018)the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia-Outstanding Youth Program(2024AAC05061)。
摘要Monkeypox,a zoonotic illness caused by monkeypox virus(MPXV),has been declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization(WHO)on two separate occasions.The rapid spread and widespread transmission are closely associated with various proteins involved in the MPXV lifecycle,particularly surface antigen proteins found in mature virion(MV)and enveloped virion(EV),such as A29L,M1R,B6R,and A35R.These antigens are highly conserved in MPXV and vaccinia virus(VACV),possessing cross-protective capabilities that can trigger broad immune protection against multiple orthopoxviruses,including MPXV.Vaccines based on DNA,mRNA,and recombinant proteins,targeting these antigens effectively address the current lack of specific monkeypox vaccines by triggering strong immune responses and ensuring the prevention of monkeypox.Compared to traditional vaccines,multi-epitope vaccines designed using computational tools such as reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics offer lower development costs and faster validation processes.These multi-epitope vaccines also provide adaptability to mutations in MPXV strains.Additionally,these antigens and corresponding antibodies are useful for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring,supporting early detection and offering novel treatments for cases resistant to existing antiviral drugs.This review provides a brief summary of recent progress and emerging trends in monkeypox detection,vaccine development,and antibody-based therapy targeting these antigens,offering new insights for monkeypox prevention and control.
基金support by the Coal-Major Project(2024ZD1700300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52406183).
摘要The large-scale utilization of renewable energy challenges the stability and safety of the grid;thus,the flexibility of coal-fired power plants should be increased to balance unstable renewable energies.To achieve this,a heat storage system(HSS)is integrated into a power plant.This is the first study utilizing furnace flue gas to drive a molten-salt-heat-exchanger(MSHE).Compared to steam-vapor-driven MSHE,flue gas-driven technology avoids the pinch temperature limitation(PTL)and simplifies the system configuration.In this study,we demonstrate the concept,design,fabrication,and experiments of the MSHE.The novelties include:①finned tubes to balance the thermal resistances between the flue gas side and the molten salt side;②a weak angle design to ensure gravity-driven recession of the molten salt;and③a modular design to ensure even temperature distribution at the outlet of the tube bundles.A heat transfer correlation is developed for molten salt,covering a wide range of Reynolds numbers.An experimental setup is constructed to collect data and verify the effectiveness of the MSHE.The measured overall heat transfer coefficients matched the predictions well,with deviations of less than 10%.The measured heat power reached 320 kW,exceeding the 300 kW design target.We demonstrate the heat transfer between the flue gas and molten salt to compensate for the heat release from the HSS to the environment,reducing electricity consumption in the standby stage of the system.The modular design of the MSHE ensures minimal temperature deviations of<4 K among different tubes,avoiding local overheating-induced decomposition of the molten salt.Based on the 300 kW MSHE results,a 10 MW MSHE is designed,fabricated,and integrated into a 350 megawatt electric(MWe)coal-fired plant to achieve a higher load variation rate of 6%Pe·min-1 for a coal-fired power plant.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52474029)Strategic and Applied Scientific Research Project of PetroChina Company Limited(2023ZZ18,2023ZZ18YJ04).
摘要In the development of coalbed methane(CBM)reservoirs using multistage fractured horizontal wells,there often exist areas that are either repeatedly stimulated or completely unstimulated between fracturing stages,leading to suboptimal reservoir performance.Currently,there is no well-established method for accurately evaluating the effectiveness of such stimulation.This study introduces,for the first time,the concept of the Fracture Network Bridging Coefficient(FNBC)as a novel metric to assess stimulation performance.By quantitatively coupling the proportions of unstimulated and overstimulated volumes,the FNBC effectively characterizes the connectivity and efficiency of the fracture network.A background grid calibration method is developed to quantify the stage-controlled volume,effectively stimulated volume,unstimulated volume,and repeatedly stimulated volume among different stages of horizontal wells.Furthermore,an optimization model is constructed by taking the FNBC as the objective function and the fracturing injection rate and fluid volume as optimization variables.The Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation(SPSA)algorithm is employed to iteratively perturb and optimize these variables,progressively improving the FNBC until the optimal displacement rate and fluid volume corresponding to the maximum FNBC are obtained.Field application in a typical CBM multistage fractured horizontal well in China demonstrates that the FNBC increased from 0.358 to 0.539(a 50.6% improvement),with the injection rate rising from 16 m3/min to 24 m3/min and the average fluid volume per stage increasing from 2490 m3 to 3192 m3,significantly enhancing the stimulation effectiveness.This research provides theoretical support for designing high-efficiency stimulation strategies in unconventional reservoirs under dynamic limits.
基金supported by the project of the CSST scientific data processing and analysis system of the China Manned Space Projectsupported by the China Manned Space Program with grant Nos.CMS-CSST-2025-A20,CMS-CSST-2025-A05,CMSCSST-2021-A03National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,grant Nos.11903082 and 12003001)。
摘要The Chinese Space Station Survey Telescope(CSST)is a flagship space-based observatory.Its main survey camera is designed to conduct high spatial resolution near-ultraviolet to near-infrared imaging and low-resolution spectroscopic surveys.To maximize the scientific output of CSST,we have developed a comprehensive,highfidelity simulation pipeline for reproducing both imaging and spectroscopic observations.This paper presents an overview of the simulation framework,detailing its implementation and components.Built upon the Gal Sim package and incorporating the latest CSST instrumental specifications,our pipeline generates pixel-level mock observations that closely replicate the expected instrumental and observational conditions.The simulation suite integrates realistic astrophysical object catalogs,instrumental effects,point-spread function modeling,and observational noises to produce accurate synthetic data.We describe the key processing stages of the simulation,from constructing the input object catalogs to modeling the telescope optics and detector responses.Furthermore,we introduce the most recent release of simulated datasets,which provide a crucial testbed for data processing pipeline developments,calibration strategies,and scientific analyses,ensuring that CSST will meet its stringent requirements.Our pipeline serves as a vital tool for optimizing CSST main survey strategies and ensuring robust cosmological measurements.
基金supported by the China-Australian Collaborative Grant(NSFC 81561128020-NHMRCAPP1112767)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81773527)。
摘要1.Paracentral dogma:Supporting the central dogma with sugar code The central dogma of molecular biology-detailing the unidirectional flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to proteins—has long been regarded as the definitive framework for understanding biological processes[1].While this concept has proven invaluable,it leaves many cellular phenomena unexplained.Recent discoveries in glycobiology challenge this framework by introducing the paracentral dogma,which positions glycans as the third alphabet of life,complementing nucleic acids and proteins(Fig.1)[2,3].The finding that RNA molecules can be glycosylated has redefined our understanding of molecular interactions[4,5].
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project of China(No.2024YFC3908801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22406196,22021003,21527901+3 种基金22425041)the Consultation and Evaluation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2023-HX01-B-006)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230808)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750000)。
摘要The root cause of new pollutants problems lies in the massive production and use of chemicals,leading to environmental pollution and potential health and ecological risks.New pollutants pose a long-term major threat to both environmental health and human well-being.Chinese environmental scientists and researchers in related fields have been dedicating to studying new pollutants and their associated substances since 1999,conducting multidimensional pioneering research.This review synthesizes cutting-edge advancements in scientific discoveries,technological innovations,and policy developments,with a particular focus on the transformative progress and impacts of research into new pollutants conducted by the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology(SKLECE)at the Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences(RCEES)over the past two decades.By integrating precise analysis,mechanistic insights,and scalable solutions,this work redefines the field of environmental toxicology and offers a paradigm shift in global pollutant management.It promotes health risk mitigation and sustainable environmental safety,contributing significantly to the advancement of environmental science and global governance strategies.
基金supported by a grant from Ministry of Science and Technology China,No.2022ZD0204704(to WW)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82301572(to XZ)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M731202(to XZ)。
摘要Nonhuman primates are increasingly being used as animal models in neuroscience research.However,efficient neuronal tracing techniques for labeling motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the monkey spinal cord are lacking.Here,by injecting the cholera toxin B subunit into the sciatic nerve of a rhesus monkey,we successfully labeled the motor neurons and primary sensory afferents in the lumbar and sacralspinal cord.Labeled alpha motor neurons were located in lamina IX of the L6–S1 segments,which innervate both flexors and extensors.The labeled primary sensory afferents were mainly myelinated Aβfibers that terminated mostly in laminae I and II of the L4–L7 segments.Together with the labeled proprioceptive afferents,the primary sensory afferents formed excitatory synapses with multiple types of spinal neurons.In summary,our methods successfully traced neuronal connections in the monkey spinal cord and can be used in spinal cord studies when nonhuman primates are used.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2101101)the Earmarked Fund for CARS-19+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32402634)the Modern Agricultural(Tea)Industry Technology System of Fujian Province,China(2025 No.593)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Zhang Tianfu Tea Development Foundation,China(FJZTF01)。
摘要Understanding the molecular responses of tea leaves to mechanical stress is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of post-harvest quality formation during oolong tea processing.This study employed an integrated multi-omics strategy to characterize the changes and interactions among metabolomic(MB),transcriptomic(TX),and proteomic(PT)profiles in mechanically stressed tea leaves.Mechanical stress initially activated damage-associated molecular patterns(DAMPs),including Ca2+signaling,jasmonic acid signaling,and glutathione metabolism pathways.These processes subsequently induced quality-related metabolic pathways(QRMPs),particularly α-linolenic acid and phenylalanine metabolism.Upregulated expression of LOX,ADH1,and PAR genes,together with the increased abundance of their encoded proteins,respectively promoted the accumulation of jasmine lactone,benzyl alcohol,and 2-phenylethanol.These findings indicate that mechanical stress influences the metabolite biosynthesis in tea leaves through coordinated molecular responses.This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tea leaf responses to mechanical stress and a foundation for future investigations into how early molecular events may contribute to post-harvest metabolic changes during oolong tea processing.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.:2020YFC2004900)the R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(Grant No.:22JG0059)the Key Science and Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission,China(Grant No.:KZ20231002537)。
摘要Osteoporosis,the most prevalent skeletal disorder,is primarily driven by aberrantly increased osteoclast formation and/or activity.Targeting hyperactive osteoclasts remains the cornerstone of current therapeutic strategies.Crebanine(Cre),a natural isoquinoline-derived alkaloid with diverse pharmacological activities,has not yet been explored for osteoporosis treatment.This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of Cre against ovariectomy(OVX)-induced osteoporosis and elucidate its underlying mechanisms.Cre dose-dependently inhibited in vitro osteoclast differentiation,actin ring formation,and bone resorption by downregulating nuclear factor of activated T cells 1(NFATc1)and key osteoclast-related genes.Simultaneously,Cre enhanced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization,upregulated osteoblast marker genes,and restored hydrogen peroxide-impaired alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity impaired by hydrogen peroxide,indicating dual regulation of bone remodeling.Mechanistically,Cre activated sirtuin 1(Sirt1),promoting p65 deacetylation,inactivated IκB kinase(IKK),and stabilized IκBα,thus inhibiting nuclear factor-kappaB(NF-κB)signaling.Additionally,Cre reduced reactive oxygen species(ROS)by upregulating antioxidant enzymes(heme oxygenase-1(HO-1),catalase)and suppressing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)phosphate(NADPH)oxidases(NOX1/4).Furthermore,Cre specifically bound to the predicted site of receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK),blocking RANK ligand(RANKL)-RANK interaction and disrupting downstream protein kinase B(Akt)and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.In the OVX mouse model,Cre significantly attenuated bone loss and osteoclastogenesis.Crucially,Cre showed no toxicity in liver or kidney function tests.Collectively,these findings demonstrate that Cre exerts dual therapeutic effects,inhibiting osteoclastogenesis via Sirt1-mediated NF-κB/ROS suppression and promoting osteoblast activity,providing a promising therapeutic strategy for osteoporosis.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52401096,52201077,and 52403096)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2024QE462 and ZR2022QE191)+3 种基金project 24-4-4-zrjj-54-jch supported by Qingdao Natural Science FoundationResearch Start-up Fund of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(No.12030430010982)the Taishan Scholars Program(No.tsqn202312206)Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Province Higher Education Institutions(No.2023KJ308)。
摘要The efficient healing rate for self-healing anticorrosion coatings plays an essential role on resisting rapidly developed corrosion and providing sufficient protection properties.The anticorrosion poly(urethane-urea)(PU)coatings reinforced by mesoporous polydopamine modified Ti3C2TxMXene(MPDA/Ti3C2Tx)were constructed.MPDA/Ti3C2Txwas embedded to offer hierarchically interfacial interactions through microscopic hydrogen bonding in PU chains-PDA molecules,and mesoscopic engaging effects originated from PU matrix anchoring interface mesopores.Hydrogen and disulfide bonds are co-incorporated into PU for producing room-temperature self-healing ability.What's more,the photothermal conversion capability of MPDA/Ti3C2Txendows PU coating with greatly accelerated self-healing rate to resist corrosion expansion.The healed coating exhibited promising stability in simulated seawater after 47 d,proving the practicality and feasibility in protection application of marine facilities.
摘要The original version of this article unfortunately contained an error in the affiliation information of the author Wei Wang.The affiliation“6.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China”was missing for Wei Wang.The correct affiliations for Wei Wang2,6 are:2Institute of Neuroscience,Key Laboratory of Brain Cognition and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200031,China 6University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFD1301001)。
摘要Background Fatty liver syndrome is a prevalent metabolic disorder in transition dairy cows,characterized by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation that impairs liver function and leads to systemic metabolic disturbances.Docosahexaenoic acid(DHA),a prominent n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),not only exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties,but also holds potential in ameliorating lipid metabolism.This study integrated in vitro bovine primary hepatocyte models and in vivo dairy cow trials to investigate the regulatory effects of DHA on hepatic lipid deposition.Results In vitro,40μmol/L DHA significantly reduced triglyceride(TAG)accumulation in steatotic hepatocytes by downregulating genes involved in fatty acid transport(FABP-1,CD36)and lipogenesis(DGAT2,FAS,SREBP-1C),while upregulating markers of lipolysis(CGI-58,ATGL)and fatty acid oxidation(ACADL,CPT1A,CPT2).Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)confirmed DHA-mediated restoration of mitochondrial ultrastructure and enhanced lipid droplet(LD)-mitochondria interactions.In vivo,dietary rumen-protected DHA(180 g/d)supplementation reduced hepatic lipid deposition,improved liver function(evidenced by decreased total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase),reduced oxidative stress and inflammation(suppressed malondialdehyde,glutathione peroxidase,and lipopolysaccharide),coincided with relieving insulin resistance(reduced insulin and glucose,as well increased adiponectin)in dairy cows with fatty liver.These improvements may be attributed to increased expression of TOMM20 and MtCo-1,promoting mitochondrial biogenesis andβ-oxidation,along with an elevated plasma n-3-6 ratio.Conclusions Collectively,these findings suggest that DHA supplementation represents a promising nutritional strategy for preventing spontaneous fatty liver in transition dairy cows by enhancing hepatic lipid clearance and restoring metabolic homeostasis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82072577)from the International Medical Association(Grant No.IMA-F-2025-001).
摘要As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms.However,the lack of uniformity in detection methods,threshold settings,and reporting formats,as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types,have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.This consensus focuses on the definition,standardization of detection,clinical significance,and limitations of TMB,and provides consensus recommendations for the clinical application of TMB in real-world practice in China.This consensus is aimed at helping clinicians and laboratory personnel understand the clinical significance and testing standards of TMB,promoting more accurate interpretation of test results,and improving patient care.
基金supported by the Tianshan Talent Training Program(2023TSYCCX0002)Outstanding Graduate Innovation Project of Xinjiang University:“Genesis and Exploration Significance of Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks in the Kebai Fault Zone,West Junggar”(XJDX2025YJS108)Key Research and Development Plan of Xinjiang Autonomous Region“Establishment of Xinjiang Coalbed Methane Geological Evaluation Standards”project(2017B03019-1)。
摘要The Late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Junggar Basin played a critical role in the formation of its oil and gas resources;however,as most of the basin is covered by desert,the evolutionary process remains controversial.In this study,we present a comprehensive analysis of the rock associations,petrography,ages,and systematic elemental and isotopic compositions of Carboniferous volcanic rocks obtained from drilling holes along the western margin of the basin,aiming to better constrain the late Paleozoic tectonic evolution of this region.Two zircon samples,from tuff and andesite layers,yielded concordant ages of 316.8±1.7 and 321.7±1.8 Ma,respectively,indicating intense volcanic eruptions during the Late Carboniferous.The analyzed volcanic rocks exhibited sodic calc-alkaline affinities,with SiO2content ranging from 53.46 to 61.57 wt%,TiO2content from 0.75 to 1.20 wt%,and a significantly higher Na2O content than that of K2O.In terms of trace elements,they showed variable enrichment in light rare earth elements((La/Yb)N=2.72 to 7.89)and large ion lithophile elements such as Ba,Th,U,and Sr.Low Cr(0.67-65.72)and Ni(0.86-34.90)contents,together with significant negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.17 to 0.35),suggest variable fractionation of the primitive magma prior to eruption.All these features,combined with prominent Nb-Ta depletions in PM-normalized incompatible element spider diagrams,unambiguously indicate their genetic relationship with a subduction environment.However,the volcanic rocks showed low initial(87Sr/86Sr)i values(0.7039-0.7057)and positiveεNd(t)values(7.5-8.0).Moreover,the combined(208Pb/204Pb)i ranged from 37.7295 to 37.7851,(207Pb/204Pb)i ranged from15.4935 to 15.5037,and(206Pb/204Pb)i ranged from 17.8910 to 17.9254,indicating that their primitive magma originated from an extremely depleted mantle source with crustal contamination.Integrating this study with regional geology,we propose that the volcanic rocks in the Kebai Fault Zone were most likely formed in a back-arc basin setting induced by ridge subduction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52174081 and 52204096)Fund of Taishan Scholar Project and Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2025QC2200Z and ZR2022QE031)Research Initiation Foundation of Shandong University of Aeronautics(No.801003025019).
摘要To address the critical gaps in modeling the failure of gas-bearing coal under realistic multi-source disturbances,this study developed,for the first time,a systematically integrated dual-disturbance damage mechanics model.The model uniquely synthesizes a modified Nishihara-NVPB creep framework with partitioned damage evolution laws to concurrently account for gas adsorption,long-term axial static stress,and the synergistic effects of superimposed cyclic and impact dynamic loads.The core innovation is this strategic damage-partitioning integration,where damage from gas and static load is embedded into the elastic element,and damage from dynamic disturbances is embedded into the viscous and plastic elements,enabling a unified representation of complex multi-factor coupling.This integrated constitutive model was successfully embedded into the GDEM continuum-discontinuum software.A full engineering-scale numerical simulation of a coal and gas outburst was conducted.The results,including the excavation outburst initiation distance,in-situ stress evolution at monitoring points,and outburst coal volume,showed high consistency with benchmark results from a large-scale physical simulation test.This work verifies the model's reliability and applicability at the engineering scale and provides a novel analytical framework and computational tool for investigating the disaster mechanisms of coal and rock dynamic disasters under dual disturbances.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32400175,32170210,and 32300197)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF0805800 and 2024YFF1701404)+3 种基金the Special Exchange Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0371 and 2024M753492)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20232984)the Russian Science Foundation(24-44-00027)the state assignments for Central Siberian Botanical Garden,the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences(AAAA-A21-121011290024-05).
摘要Dolichopetalum is a monotypic liana genus of Apocynaceae and is restricted to subtropical montane forests in Asian subtropical karst areas.In this study,we used plastome data to examine the tribal position of Dolichopetalum within the family,and four plastid and three nuclear loci to further clarify its relationship and taxonomic status.We also estimated the time of origin of Dolichopetalum and modeled its range change by estimating the potential historic and current distributions.Our family-wide phylogenetic analysis confirms that Dolichopetalum belongs to the tribe Marsdenieae.Our subsequent analyses of Marsdenieae further suggest that Dolichopetalum is a distinct genus and has a distant relationship with Marsdenia s.str.,challenging the traditional viewpoint.Dolichopetalum is probably allied to Campestigma,Cionura,Harmandiella,and Gongronema-Dischidanthus-Sarcolobus,and originated at about 11 Ma and rapidly diverged with its four allies over a period of less than three million years,which might be associated with the intensified East Asian monsoon in the early Late Miocene.The distributional range of Dolichopetalum may have undergone a dramatic contraction since the Last Glacial Maximum and will likely further shrink and undergo fragmentation in the future,possibly driven by global warming and desertification in Asian subtropical karst areas.This study provides new insights into the evolutionary history of Dolichopetalum and will have important conservation implications for the unique biodiversity of Asian subtropical karst areas under climate change scenarios.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(No.2208085ME145)Hefei Municipal Natural Science Foundation,China(No.2021023).
摘要Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)are slow-growing autotrophs prone to washout.Biofilm carriers improve retention;however,conventional types suffer from low roughness,poor hydrophilicity,and unfavorable surface charge,limiting biofilm formation.In this study,a composite carrier was fabricated by loading chitosan(CS)and layered double hydroxide(LDH)onto a polyurethane(PU)sponge,which introduced hydroxyl(-OH)and amino(-NH2)functional groups as well as Mg2+and Al3+ions onto the surface,increased surface roughness,and enhanced the carrier hydrophilicity by 29.2%.During a 55-d nitritation biofilm cultivation experiment,the carrier modified with 0.8 wt%LDH and 0.8 wt%chitosan exhibited significantly enhanced performance.Compared to the unmodified carrier,the sludge adsorption capacity increased by 80.3%,the biofilm biomass increased by 46.8%,and the biofilm growth rate increased by 198.3%,reaching 333.4±9.5 mg/carrier,2023.2±31.5 mg/carrier,and 103.2 mg/(carrier·d)respectively.In addition,the biofilm stability on the carrier was significantly enhanced,with a 54.1%reduction in sludge detachment under ultrasound treatment compared with the unmodified carrier.The nitritation reactor with the CS/LDH-PU carrier maintained stable nitritation performance under high ammonia loading(1.0 g/(L·d))and a higher sludge concentration(5.5 g/L),while the reactor without the carrier collapsed at a lower sludge concentration(4.6 g/L).These findings suggest that the CS/LDH-PU carrier provides an effective strategy for optimizing conventional nitritation carriers and enhancing the resilience of nitritation systems under high ammonia load conditions.
基金supported by Qingchuang Talents Induction Program of Shandong Higher Education Institutionthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.22405032,22375104,22201257,21902022,21601028)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2023QE104,ZR2022QE025,ZR2022QB058,ZR2021MB059,ZR2019QB026,ZR2018LB018)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZC20232390)Qingchuang Science and Technology Plan of Shandong Province(No.2021KJ054)。
摘要In this paper,a new series of donor-acceptor coordination polymers(DACPs),[Cd(dppz)(R-ndc)(H2O)]n(R=none,DZU-400;R=F,DZU-400-F;R=Br,DZU-400-Br;DZU is short for Dezhou University),[Cd(dppz)(adc)(H2O)]n(DZU-401),and{[Cd(dppz)(adb)0.5(HCOO)(H2O)]}n(DZU-402),have been successfully constructed through the combination of electron-deficient dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine(dppz)as an acceptor and various dicarboxylic ligands(H2ndc=2,3-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid,F-H2ndc=6,7-difluorona phthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid,Br-H2ndc=6,7-dibromonaphthalene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid,H2adc=9,10-anthracenedicarboxylic acid,and H2adb=4,4'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)dibenzoic acid)with electron-rich planar aromatic rings as donors.Structural analyses reveal closely parallel arrangement of the planar acceptor and donor units in these DACPs,which could facilitate the through-space charge transfer(TSCT)interactions of the D-A systems and the corresponding luminescent properties.Interestingly,the DACPs show highly regulable donor dependent photoluminescence from blue to orange.Based on the TSCT based luminescence and the high thermal stability of the DACPs,their thermal-stimuli responsive emission properties were further studied.Photoluminescence intensity of the DACPs all present good linearity with temperature(298-473K),as proved by variable temperature fluorescence spectra.Importantly,the temperature sensing process is reversible and recyclable,suggesting the promising applications of the DACPs as thermal-stimuli responsive materials.