As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing o...As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms.However,the lack of uniformity in detection methods,threshold settings,and reporting formats,as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types,have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.This consensus focuses on the definition,standardization of detection,clinical significance,and limitations of TMB,and provides consensus recommendations for the clinical application of TMB in real-world practice in China.This consensus is aimed at helping clinicians and laboratory personnel understand the clinical significance and testing standards of TMB,promoting more accurate interpretation of test results,and improving patient care.展开更多
Real-world studies(RWSs)have emerged as a transformative force in oncology research,complementing traditional randomized controlled trials(RCTs)by providing comprehensive insights into cancer care within routine clini...Real-world studies(RWSs)have emerged as a transformative force in oncology research,complementing traditional randomized controlled trials(RCTs)by providing comprehensive insights into cancer care within routine clinical settings.This review examines the evolving landscape of RWSs in oncology,focusing on their implementation,methodological considerations,and impact on precision medicine.We systematically analyze how RWSs leverage diverse data sources,including electronic health records(EHRs),insurance claims,and patient registries,to generate evidence that bridges the gap between controlled clinical trials and real-world clinical practice.The review underscores the key contributions of RWSs,including capturing therapeutic outcomes in traditionally underrepresented populations,expanding drug indications,and evaluating long-term safety and effectiveness in routine clinical settings.While acknowledging significant challenges,including data quality variability and privacy concerns,we discuss how emerging technologies like artificial intelligence are helping to address these limitations.The integration of RWSs with traditional clinical research is revolutionizing the paradigm of precision oncology and enabling more personalized treatment approaches based on real-world evidence.展开更多
Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significant...Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significantly expanded treatment options for NSCLC patients.These alterations include MET exon 14 skipping mutations(MET exon 14 skipping),MET gene amplifications,MET point mutations(primarily kinase domain mutations),and MET protein overexpression.Accurate identification of these alterations and appropriate selection of patient populations and targeted therapies are essential for improving clinical outcomes.The East China Lung Cancer Group,Youth Committee(ECLUNG YOUNG,Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group)has synthesized insights from China’s innovative drug development landscape and clinical practice to formulate an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with MET alterations.This consensus addresses key areas,such as optimal testing timing,testing methods,testing strategies,quality control measures,and treatment approaches.By offering standardized recommendations,this guidance aims to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic processes and enhance clinical decision-making for NSCLC with MET alterations.展开更多
The induced electricity of 110 kV transmission lines which cross the UHV AC transmission lines may threaten personal safety of the maintenance staff. In this paper, field measurement of the induced voltage and induced...The induced electricity of 110 kV transmission lines which cross the UHV AC transmission lines may threaten personal safety of the maintenance staff. In this paper, field measurement of the induced voltage and induced current on a 110 kV crossing line inside Jinhua in Zhejiang province is performed. The electrostatic induced voltage on the measured line is 12.24 kV. The power frequency electromagnetic field simulation model is established, and the calculation results are consistent with the measured. Influence factors analysis shows that the electrostatic induced voltage on the 110 kV line is 12.78 kV, the electromagnetic induced voltage is 12.3 V, the induced current through ground wire is less than 1A when the UHV lines operate at full load. The induced voltage and current decrease while the crossing distance increases. Parallel lines induction is much higher than crossing lines. The electromagnetic induced voltage after ground knife-switch shut down would exceed the human safety voltage 36 V while the crossing angle is less than 30?, so the temporary ground wire must be hanged to ensure safety of the maintenance staff.展开更多
A series of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) nanofibers have been synthesized employing electrospinning method at 650°C. The effect of Cu substitution on structural, morphology and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 n...A series of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) nanofibers have been synthesized employing electrospinning method at 650°C. The effect of Cu substitution on structural, morphology and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 nanofibers is reported. The XRD analysis showed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel Ni-Cu ferrite and an increasing behavior of lattice constant. The surface morphology is characterized by SEM, it is investigated that nanofibers have uniform and continuous morphology. The VSM results showed Cu substitution played an important role in magnetic properties of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4. The saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases linearly with increasing Cu2+ content, while coercivity (Hc) has slowly decreased before x ≤ 0.5, and then sharply increased to 723.9 Oe for x = 1.0. The magnetic properties of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4 can be explained in Neel’s model, cation distribution and shape anisotropy.展开更多
1(NUTM1)gene rearrangements(15q14).In 1991,two independent research teams reported NC cases characterized by the t(15;19)translo-cation.1,2 In vitro studies by French et al.3 led to the pivotal discovery of NC in 2003...1(NUTM1)gene rearrangements(15q14).In 1991,two independent research teams reported NC cases characterized by the t(15;19)translo-cation.1,2 In vitro studies by French et al.3 led to the pivotal discovery of NC in 2003 as a distinct disease entity driven by the fusion of bromodo-main and extraterminal domain(BET)protein 4(BRD4)and NUTM1.In 2004,the World Health Organization(WHO)classified tumors with t(15;19)translocation as a thymic malignancy and designated it“NUT midline carcinoma,”due to its predominant occurrence in midline organs.4 However,subsequent reports revealed NC’s emergence in numerous nonmidline organs,leading to its reclassification as the independent entity“NUT carcinoma of the thorax”by the WHO in 2015.5 NC exhibits rapid progression and profound resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy.展开更多
Background:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant subtype of breast cancer,characterized by high rates of metastasis and mortality.This study aimed to identify and evaluate t...Background:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant subtype of breast cancer,characterized by high rates of metastasis and mortality.This study aimed to identify and evaluate the therapeutic potential of blestriarene C(BC),a novel diphenanthrene compound,in the treatment of TNBC.The study also sought to explore the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in BC’s antitumor effects.Methods:A multiomics analysis was conducted to identify key genes and pathways involved in TNBC treatment.We performed experiments related to cell viability,ferroptosis,and mitophagy to explore the effects of BC in the treatment of TNBC,utilizing the TNBC cell lines BT-549 and 4T1 cells.The impact of sestrin 2(SESN2)knockout on BC’s effects was also studied.We also conducted in vivo experiments using the patient-derived xenograft(PDX)model in zebrafish to assess the antitumor effects of BC.Results:The results of RNA sequencing and proteomics showed that ferroptosis and mitophagy may be the main mechanisms of BC acting on TNBC cells.BC could inhibit cell proliferation by modulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/forkhead box O4 and SESN2/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathways,and inducing ferroptosis and mitophagy.SESN2 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta(MAP1LC3B),as hub genes,participated in regulating the therapeutic effect of BC on TNBC.TNBC tumors in zebrafish treated with BC were smaller and lighter,indicating that BC had antitumor effect.Conclusions:BC emerges as a promising therapeutic agent for TNBC by targeting SESN2 and MAP1LC3B,modulating associated signaling pathways,and inducing ferroptosis and mitophagy.These findings provide the basis for further investigation of BC’s potential as a targeted therapy for TNBC.展开更多
CeO2nanocrystals are excellent catalysts for ammonium perchlorate(AP)decomposition,and investigating their catalytic performance on specific crystal facets is essential for understanding the reaction mechanism.Here...CeO2nanocrystals are excellent catalysts for ammonium perchlorate(AP)decomposition,and investigating their catalytic performance on specific crystal facets is essential for understanding the reaction mechanism.Herein,CeO2nanorods(CeO2-R)with(110)facets,octahedra(CeO2-O)with(111)facets and cubes(CeO2-C)with(100)facets were successfully synthesized,and their activity in AP decomposition showed an order of CeO2-R>CeO2-C>CeO2-O.Specifically,the THTD decreased from 428.6℃to 357.8℃,385.4℃and 410.6℃for(110),(100)and(111)facets,respectively.The XPS and EPR results confirmed a direct positive correlation between the oxygen vacancy concentration on the facets and their catalytic performance,and through detailed tracking experiments with TG-MS,the following reasonable conclusion can be drawn:oxygen vacancies can not only facilitate the adsorption of NH3 which is the main decomposition product,but also reduce the band gap of CeO2,and then promote the deep dissociation of NH3.This work presents a clear facet-dependent activity of CeO2in the thermal decomposition of AP and comprehensively proves the supportive role of oxygen vacancies on different facets in the reaction.展开更多
Ultrafast Raman fiber laser has been proved to be an effective method to obtain ultrafast optical pulses at special wavelength.Yet,compared with conventional rareearth doped counterparts,it is challenging for Raman fi...Ultrafast Raman fiber laser has been proved to be an effective method to obtain ultrafast optical pulses at special wavelength.Yet,compared with conventional rareearth doped counterparts,it is challenging for Raman fiber lasers to generate pulses with high pulse energy and short pulse duration.Here,we review three categories of ultrafast Raman fiber laser technologies and give detailed discussions on the advantages and challenges of each.In regards to mode-locking,different saturable-absorbers-based fiber lasers are compared and their common problem resulting from long cavity length are discussed.In terms of synchronously-pumping,several approaches to match the repetition rate of pulsed pump with the length of Raman fiber cavity are discussed,while the technical complexity of each method is analyzed.Moreover,the recently developed technology termed as nonlinear optical gain modulation(NOGM)is introduced,which turns out to be a simple and quality solution to generate highenergy femtosecond pulses with wavelength agility.Compared with the others,NOGM gathers various advantages including simple structure,long-term stability,high pulse energy and short pulse duration,which may effectively promote application expansion of ultrafast Raman fiber laser in the near future.展开更多
The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signa...The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signaling pathway,which promotes cell proliferation,inhibits cell apoptosis,and ultimately contributes to the occurrence and development of cancer.BRAF mutations are widely present in various cancers,including malignant melanoma,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,and hairy cell leukemia,among others.BRAF is an important target for the treatment of various solid tumors,and targeted combination therapies,represented by BRAF inhibitors,have become one of the main treatment modalities for a variety of BRAF-mutation-positive solid tumors.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82072577)from the International Medical Association(Grant No.IMA-F-2025-001).
摘要As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms.However,the lack of uniformity in detection methods,threshold settings,and reporting formats,as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types,have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.This consensus focuses on the definition,standardization of detection,clinical significance,and limitations of TMB,and provides consensus recommendations for the clinical application of TMB in real-world practice in China.This consensus is aimed at helping clinicians and laboratory personnel understand the clinical significance and testing standards of TMB,promoting more accurate interpretation of test results,and improving patient care.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.ZCLY24H1601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82403697)+1 种基金the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2025KY411)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2505100).
摘要Real-world studies(RWSs)have emerged as a transformative force in oncology research,complementing traditional randomized controlled trials(RCTs)by providing comprehensive insights into cancer care within routine clinical settings.This review examines the evolving landscape of RWSs in oncology,focusing on their implementation,methodological considerations,and impact on precision medicine.We systematically analyze how RWSs leverage diverse data sources,including electronic health records(EHRs),insurance claims,and patient registries,to generate evidence that bridges the gap between controlled clinical trials and real-world clinical practice.The review underscores the key contributions of RWSs,including capturing therapeutic outcomes in traditionally underrepresented populations,expanding drug indications,and evaluating long-term safety and effectiveness in routine clinical settings.While acknowledging significant challenges,including data quality variability and privacy concerns,we discuss how emerging technologies like artificial intelligence are helping to address these limitations.The integration of RWSs with traditional clinical research is revolutionizing the paradigm of precision oncology and enabling more personalized treatment approaches based on real-world evidence.
摘要Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significantly expanded treatment options for NSCLC patients.These alterations include MET exon 14 skipping mutations(MET exon 14 skipping),MET gene amplifications,MET point mutations(primarily kinase domain mutations),and MET protein overexpression.Accurate identification of these alterations and appropriate selection of patient populations and targeted therapies are essential for improving clinical outcomes.The East China Lung Cancer Group,Youth Committee(ECLUNG YOUNG,Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group)has synthesized insights from China’s innovative drug development landscape and clinical practice to formulate an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with MET alterations.This consensus addresses key areas,such as optimal testing timing,testing methods,testing strategies,quality control measures,and treatment approaches.By offering standardized recommendations,this guidance aims to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic processes and enhance clinical decision-making for NSCLC with MET alterations.
摘要The induced electricity of 110 kV transmission lines which cross the UHV AC transmission lines may threaten personal safety of the maintenance staff. In this paper, field measurement of the induced voltage and induced current on a 110 kV crossing line inside Jinhua in Zhejiang province is performed. The electrostatic induced voltage on the measured line is 12.24 kV. The power frequency electromagnetic field simulation model is established, and the calculation results are consistent with the measured. Influence factors analysis shows that the electrostatic induced voltage on the 110 kV line is 12.78 kV, the electromagnetic induced voltage is 12.3 V, the induced current through ground wire is less than 1A when the UHV lines operate at full load. The induced voltage and current decrease while the crossing distance increases. Parallel lines induction is much higher than crossing lines. The electromagnetic induced voltage after ground knife-switch shut down would exceed the human safety voltage 36 V while the crossing angle is less than 30?, so the temporary ground wire must be hanged to ensure safety of the maintenance staff.
摘要A series of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) nanofibers have been synthesized employing electrospinning method at 650°C. The effect of Cu substitution on structural, morphology and magnetic properties of NiFe2O4 nanofibers is reported. The XRD analysis showed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel Ni-Cu ferrite and an increasing behavior of lattice constant. The surface morphology is characterized by SEM, it is investigated that nanofibers have uniform and continuous morphology. The VSM results showed Cu substitution played an important role in magnetic properties of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4. The saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases linearly with increasing Cu2+ content, while coercivity (Hc) has slowly decreased before x ≤ 0.5, and then sharply increased to 723.9 Oe for x = 1.0. The magnetic properties of Ni1-xCuxFe2O4 can be explained in Neel’s model, cation distribution and shape anisotropy.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2022M723207)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2023KY666)+8 种基金Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Fund Project(grant number 2024ZL372)Qiantang Cross Fund Project(grant number 2023-16)the National Natural Science Foundation of China of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital Cultivation Project(grant number PY2023006)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2024KY812)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant number Q24H160110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number NSFC82371851)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Outstanding Young Scientists of Guizhou Province)(grant number Qiankeherencai-YQK(2023)021)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(grant number Qiankehejichu-ZK(2023)General 212)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(grant number Qiankehechengguo-LC(2025)General 068).
摘要1(NUTM1)gene rearrangements(15q14).In 1991,two independent research teams reported NC cases characterized by the t(15;19)translo-cation.1,2 In vitro studies by French et al.3 led to the pivotal discovery of NC in 2003 as a distinct disease entity driven by the fusion of bromodo-main and extraterminal domain(BET)protein 4(BRD4)and NUTM1.In 2004,the World Health Organization(WHO)classified tumors with t(15;19)translocation as a thymic malignancy and designated it“NUT midline carcinoma,”due to its predominant occurrence in midline organs.4 However,subsequent reports revealed NC’s emergence in numerous nonmidline organs,leading to its reclassification as the independent entity“NUT carcinoma of the thorax”by the WHO in 2015.5 NC exhibits rapid progression and profound resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003879)Project of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(Nos.2023NSFSC1928 and 2023NSFSC1992)+2 种基金Project of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of China(No.ZYYCXTD-D-202209)Project of Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Nos.2022C001 and 2024ZD02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the central Universities,and the Sichuan University Interdisciplinary Innovation Fund.
摘要Background:Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is a highly aggressive and treatment-resistant subtype of breast cancer,characterized by high rates of metastasis and mortality.This study aimed to identify and evaluate the therapeutic potential of blestriarene C(BC),a novel diphenanthrene compound,in the treatment of TNBC.The study also sought to explore the underlying mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in BC’s antitumor effects.Methods:A multiomics analysis was conducted to identify key genes and pathways involved in TNBC treatment.We performed experiments related to cell viability,ferroptosis,and mitophagy to explore the effects of BC in the treatment of TNBC,utilizing the TNBC cell lines BT-549 and 4T1 cells.The impact of sestrin 2(SESN2)knockout on BC’s effects was also studied.We also conducted in vivo experiments using the patient-derived xenograft(PDX)model in zebrafish to assess the antitumor effects of BC.Results:The results of RNA sequencing and proteomics showed that ferroptosis and mitophagy may be the main mechanisms of BC acting on TNBC cells.BC could inhibit cell proliferation by modulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/forkhead box O4 and SESN2/mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathways,and inducing ferroptosis and mitophagy.SESN2 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta(MAP1LC3B),as hub genes,participated in regulating the therapeutic effect of BC on TNBC.TNBC tumors in zebrafish treated with BC were smaller and lighter,indicating that BC had antitumor effect.Conclusions:BC emerges as a promising therapeutic agent for TNBC by targeting SESN2 and MAP1LC3B,modulating associated signaling pathways,and inducing ferroptosis and mitophagy.These findings provide the basis for further investigation of BC’s potential as a targeted therapy for TNBC.
基金supported by the Central Government’s Special Fund for Local Science and Technology Development(YDZJSX20231A051)the Joint Funding Project of Shanxi Fundamental Research Program(Lu’an)(202403011241006)Natural Science Foundation of the Shanxi Normal University(JCYJ2023020 and JCYJ2023011).
摘要CeO2nanocrystals are excellent catalysts for ammonium perchlorate(AP)decomposition,and investigating their catalytic performance on specific crystal facets is essential for understanding the reaction mechanism.Herein,CeO2nanorods(CeO2-R)with(110)facets,octahedra(CeO2-O)with(111)facets and cubes(CeO2-C)with(100)facets were successfully synthesized,and their activity in AP decomposition showed an order of CeO2-R>CeO2-C>CeO2-O.Specifically,the THTD decreased from 428.6℃to 357.8℃,385.4℃and 410.6℃for(110),(100)and(111)facets,respectively.The XPS and EPR results confirmed a direct positive correlation between the oxygen vacancy concentration on the facets and their catalytic performance,and through detailed tracking experiments with TG-MS,the following reasonable conclusion can be drawn:oxygen vacancies can not only facilitate the adsorption of NH3 which is the main decomposition product,but also reduce the band gap of CeO2,and then promote the deep dissociation of NH3.This work presents a clear facet-dependent activity of CeO2in the thermal decomposition of AP and comprehensively proves the supportive role of oxygen vacancies on different facets in the reaction.
基金supported by Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2022247)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62075226,62175244)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.21ZR1472200)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2022247,Jiaqi Zhou,National Natural Science Foundation of China,62075226,Yan Feng,62175244,Jiaqi Zhou,Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,21ZR1472200,Jiaqi Zhou.
摘要Ultrafast Raman fiber laser has been proved to be an effective method to obtain ultrafast optical pulses at special wavelength.Yet,compared with conventional rareearth doped counterparts,it is challenging for Raman fiber lasers to generate pulses with high pulse energy and short pulse duration.Here,we review three categories of ultrafast Raman fiber laser technologies and give detailed discussions on the advantages and challenges of each.In regards to mode-locking,different saturable-absorbers-based fiber lasers are compared and their common problem resulting from long cavity length are discussed.In terms of synchronously-pumping,several approaches to match the repetition rate of pulsed pump with the length of Raman fiber cavity are discussed,while the technical complexity of each method is analyzed.Moreover,the recently developed technology termed as nonlinear optical gain modulation(NOGM)is introduced,which turns out to be a simple and quality solution to generate highenergy femtosecond pulses with wavelength agility.Compared with the others,NOGM gathers various advantages including simple structure,long-term stability,high pulse energy and short pulse duration,which may effectively promote application expansion of ultrafast Raman fiber laser in the near future.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82002456)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2022M723207)+10 种基金the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2023KY666)Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Fund Project(grant number 2024ZL372)Qiantang Cross Fund Project(grant number 2023-16)National Natural Science Foundation of China of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital Cultivation Project(grant number PY2023006)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2024KY812)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant number LQ24H160036)Beijing Health Technologies Promotion Program[grant number BHTPP2022041]Peking University Clinical Scientist Training Program and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number BMU2024PYJH010]Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital[grant number PY202333]the Beijing Natural Science Foundation[grant number 7232248]Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme[grant number QML20231902].
摘要The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signaling pathway,which promotes cell proliferation,inhibits cell apoptosis,and ultimately contributes to the occurrence and development of cancer.BRAF mutations are widely present in various cancers,including malignant melanoma,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,and hairy cell leukemia,among others.BRAF is an important target for the treatment of various solid tumors,and targeted combination therapies,represented by BRAF inhibitors,have become one of the main treatment modalities for a variety of BRAF-mutation-positive solid tumors.