Harnessing a single system capable of both oxidizing biopolyols and reducing carbon dioxide(CO2)into carbon monoxide(CO)provides a sustainable pathway for simultaneous biomass conversion and CO2reduction.Traditi...Harnessing a single system capable of both oxidizing biopolyols and reducing carbon dioxide(CO2)into carbon monoxide(CO)provides a sustainable pathway for simultaneous biomass conversion and CO2reduction.Traditional systems,however,are often limited by sluggish kinetics,requiring UV light or strongly alkaline media,which hampers their applicability under mild,visible-light conditions.In this study,we report an alkali-and metal-free photocatalytic CO production system operating at ambient temperature,employing brown polymeric carbon nitride nanowires(CNW)as the sole photocatalyst.The extended light-harvesting capacity of CNW enables efficient activity even under long-wavelength irradiation beyond 700 nm.The reaction pathways for biopolyol oxidative decarbonylation and CO2-to-CO reduction were elucidated through a combination of in-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.This visible-light-responsive dual-reaction platform directs photogenerated holes toward biopolyol oxidation and electrons toward CO2reduction,achieving efficient CO generation from renewable resources under mild conditions.展开更多
In Alzheimer’s disease,perturbations of glutamate neurotransmission lead to synaptic dysfunction and synapse loss.Several studies have used glutamate transport inhibitors to demonstrate that soluble oligomers of amyl...In Alzheimer’s disease,perturbations of glutamate neurotransmission lead to synaptic dysfunction and synapse loss.Several studies have used glutamate transport inhibitors to demonstrate that soluble oligomers of amyloid-βinduce synaptic dysfunction by interrupting glutamate uptake mediated by glutamate transporter 1,the major glutamate transporter in the brain.The cellular targets of the synaptic effects of soluble amyloid-βoligomers,including the nature of any interaction with glutamate transporter 1,remain ill-defined.We have generated a conditional glutamate transporter 1 knockout mouse to investigate cell-type specific functions of glutamate transporter 1.Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials were examined in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal slices.We confirmed that hippocampal long-term potentiation impairment is induced by both soluble amyloid-β oligomers and glutamate uptake inhibitors.Amyloid-βoligomers,including those isolated directly from the cortex of patients with Alzheimer’s disease,failed to inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation in neuronal glutamate transporter 1 but not astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 knockout mice.The masking or occlusion of the effect of soluble amyloid-β oligomers by knockout of glutamate transporter 1 in neurons suggests that the metabolic or signaling consequences of knockout of glutamate transporter 1 in neurons and amyloid-βoligomer inhibition of synaptic plasticity show epistasis and thus share a similar molecular pathway.To extend these observations,we tested the effects of other types of manipulation of glutamate homeostasis on synaptic plasticity and the pathophysiology of soluble amyloid-β oligomers.Ceftriaxone,which upregulates glutamate transporter 1 levels,among other effects,prevented the impairment of long-term potentiation by soluble amyloid-β oligomers.Collectively,our findings suggest that the effects of amyloid-βon synaptic function are highly dependent on glutamate reuptake homeostasis and that the disruption of synaptic function by soluble amyloid-β oligomers is mediated by pathways linked to neuronal,not astrocytic,glutamate transporter 1.The findings of this study highlight the translational potential of targeting neuronal glutamate transporter 1 to counteract amyloid-β-induced synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.By showing that glutamate transporter 1 upregulation(e.g.,via ceftriaxone)can prevent amyloid-β-related impairments,this research supports developing therapies aimed at modulating glutamate homeostasis to preserve synaptic function and combat cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.展开更多
Currently,one of the main factors limiting the performance of photocatalytic technology is the suboptimal utilization efficiency of the infrared region in sunlight spectrum.Although rare earth ion doping can improve l...Currently,one of the main factors limiting the performance of photocatalytic technology is the suboptimal utilization efficiency of the infrared region in sunlight spectrum.Although rare earth ion doping can improve light absorption of photocatalysts in the infrared region to some extent,it is still restricted by a narrow absorption cross-section and relatively low photocatalytic efficiency under infrared light.In this work,a full-spectrum photocatalyst based on Bi2 WO6:Yb3+,Er3+/Ag composite was prepared.Ag loading formed a Schottky junction on the surface of Bi2 WO6 and introduced the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect.Their synergistic interaction optimized the band structure and the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers.Hot electron injection induced by the LSPR effect can simultaneously enhance the mutually independent photocatalytic processes driven by visible light and near-infrared light,thereby achieving an overall boost in full-spectrum photocatalytic performance.It enables Bi2 WO6:Yb3+,Er3+/Ag composite to efficiently address various refractory pollutants and complex conditions.Bi2 WO6:Yb3+,Er3+/Ag composite exhibits outstanding photodegradation performance for a diverse mixture of antibiotics,including tetracycline hydrochloride,norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and levofloxacin in real water samples under simulated sunlight irradiation.This work paves a way for the development of green,efficient,and sustainable environmental remediation technologies.展开更多
LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811),a high-nickel layered oxide,has emerged as a frontrunner for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its high energy density,excellent rate performance,and cost-effect...LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811),a high-nickel layered oxide,has emerged as a frontrunner for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its high energy density,excellent rate performance,and cost-effectiveness.However,NCM811 cathodes face multifaceted challenges,including cation mixing,microcracking,and residual lithium compounds,necessitating a comprehensive understanding for addressing these critical issues.In this review,we provide an in-depth analysis of recent advancements,presenting actionable insights into effective strategies to address the key issues in the NCM811 cathode and proposing pathways for optimizing NCM811 cathodes in LIB applications.Additionally,the forward-looking perspectives are explored in this review,highlighting the role of advanced material characterization techniques,theoretical modeling,and computational simulations in overcoming the inherent limitations of NCM811 cathodes.By synthesizing current knowledge and technological advancements,this review aims to serve as a foundational resource for researchers and industry professionals striving to enhance the performance and accelerate the commercialization of NCM811 cathode materials,contributing to the future of energy storage solutions.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have emerged as strong contenders for large-scale energy storage solutions,attributed to their cost-effectiveness and enhanced safety profiles.Nevertheless,their widespread adoption is...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have emerged as strong contenders for large-scale energy storage solutions,attributed to their cost-effectiveness and enhanced safety profiles.Nevertheless,their widespread adoption is currently hindered by their poor performance in low-temperature conditions.Herein,an electrolyte is developed by utilizing weakly solvated and film-forming molecule dimethyl sulfite(DMS)to achieve smooth de-solvation and high ionic conductivity at low temperature.The DMS disrupts the hydrogen bonding network of water and lowers the freezing point of the electrolyte to-40.9℃.The designed electrolyte achieves ionic conductivity up to 10.75 m S/cm at-30℃.Due to the chemical reactivity of DMS and trifluoromethanesulfonate anions in the Zn2+-solvation shell,a Zn F2-Zn S hybrid solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is successively generated on Zn metal surface.Mechanistic studies reveal that such robust hybrid interphase can promote Zn2+desolvation and rapid Zn2+transport.In addition,the addition of DMS effectively suppresses the dendritic growth,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and corrosioninduced passivation on the anode surface,facilitating long-term cycling at subzero temperatures.At-40℃,the Zn//Zn symmetrical cell cycles for 1200 h at 0.5 m A/cm2and 0.5 m Ah/cm2,and the Zn//NVO cell achieves an ultra-long cycle life of 1000 cycles with a high capacity retention of 82.89%at 1 A/g.展开更多
Objective:Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)could regulate diverse cells in cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Our study seeks to uncover Lrg1’s impact on endothelial cell heterogeneity via differentiation pathways ...Objective:Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)could regulate diverse cells in cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Our study seeks to uncover Lrg1’s impact on endothelial cell heterogeneity via differentiation pathways and transcription factors.Method:The CSOmap model measured cell-to-brain-center distances using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data in middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R).Monocle2 mapped endothelial differentiation paths.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)analyzed endothelial subcluster variations.Database searches revealed a zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 protein-frizzled 3(Zmiz1-Fzd3)promoter interaction.Endothelial cells were transfected with a Fzd3 promoter-luciferase plasmid.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western blotting assessed MCAO/R or Zmiz1 overexpression effects on Fzd3-related mRNA and proteins.A retroviral vector carrying Zmiz1 was injected into the brains of mice to study its effect on Fzd3.Result:Lrg1−/−mice exhibited elevated cell adhesion proteins and decreased microvascular leakage after MCAO/R.CSOmap showed widened astrocyte spacing in thesemice.RSS revealed Zmiz1 overexpression inMCAO/R+Lrg1−/−mice.MCAO/R and pcDNA3-Zmiz1 transfection both enhanced luciferase activity with Fzd3,indicating Zmiz1 binding to Fzd3.Retroviral Zmiz1 injection or knockdown disrupted ischemic brain tight junctions,highlighting Zmiz1’s key role in blood-brain barrier protection,likely through Fzd3 pathway modulation.Conclusion:The findings indicate Lrg1 knockout induces endothelial differentiation by activating Zmiz1,which is crucial for maintaining blood-brain barrier function,possibly via modulating the Fzd3 pathway.展开更多
Dear Editor,Lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG3),the third established target for immune checkpoint blockade therapy,suppresses T cell function by binding to major histocompatibility complex classⅡ(MHCⅡ).Despite its s...Dear Editor,Lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG3),the third established target for immune checkpoint blockade therapy,suppresses T cell function by binding to major histocompatibility complex classⅡ(MHCⅡ).Despite its significant therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy and the substantial attention it has received from academia and industry,the molecular mechanisms of LAG3-mediated immunosuppression remain poorly understood,primarily because of its unique ligand-binding characteristics and intracellular domains[1].展开更多
Methanol-to-hydrocarbons(MTH)reaction comprises a set of crucial catalytic processes to produce light olefins,gasoline,or aromatics.MTH reaction is a classic example of reaction complexity in zeolite catalysis.The mol...Methanol-to-hydrocarbons(MTH)reaction comprises a set of crucial catalytic processes to produce light olefins,gasoline,or aromatics.MTH reaction is a classic example of reaction complexity in zeolite catalysis.The molecular understanding of reaction routes and deactivation mechanisms still encounters many challenges.Herein,we chose HZSM-22 zeolite with the simple one-dimensional 10-membered ring(10-MR)channel as a prototypical system,leveraging the spatial nanoconfinement effect of its unique pore architecture to minimize reaction complexity.The identification of the molecular structures of coke species with acene-,biphenyl-,or fluorene-typed structures was made possible through a combination of the advanced matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(MALDI FT-ICR MS)with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)technique.With this,we uncovered two modes of growth mechanism of coke molecules,i.e.,a stepwise route and a dehydrogenative coupling route.The findings deepen the mechanistic understanding of zeolite deactivation and provide a theoretical foundation for designing coke-resistant catalysts.展开更多
Diabetic wound infections are a common complication of diabetes,which severely impact patients'quality of life.Effective treatment of diabetic wound infections remains one major challenge in the clinic,partially d...Diabetic wound infections are a common complication of diabetes,which severely impact patients'quality of life.Effective treatment of diabetic wound infections remains one major challenge in the clinic,partially due to the formation of bacterial biofilm and antibiotic resistance.It is imperative to develop non-antibiotic-dependent strategies to efficiently eradicate biofilm infections in diabetic wounds.In this work,an innovative nanospray(CDs-HM)was successfully prepared by linking one acoustic sensitizer(hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether,HMME)to CDs fabricated with hemin,nickel(Ⅱ)chloride,and polymer ethylene imine.CDs-HM exhibited catalase-enhanced sonodynamic properties and photothermal-enhanced chemodynamic properties.In vitro experiments and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that CDs-HM successfully killed the bacteria and destroyed bacterial biofilm by disrupting bacterial cell membrane integrity,inducing oxidative stress,and inhibiting ATP production through synergistic photothermal therapy/chemodynamic therapy/sonodynamic therapy(PTT/CDT/SDT)effects.In the diabetic wound infection mouse model,CDs-HM remarkably eradicated MRSA biofilm,reduced inflammation levels,and promoted angiogenesis/collagen deposition so as to accelerate wound healing.It is noteworthy that CDs-HM displayed superior bacteria killing and wound healing effects compared with conventional vancomycin and nanosilver dressing interventions.The practicality and effciency of CDs-HM endowed it with broad clinical translation prospects.It paved the way for developing novel strategies for combating diabetic wound infections.展开更多
Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments poses serious risks to ecosystems and public health,necessitating the development of effective removal technologies.In this study,a novel biochar-supported ferric oxyhy...Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments poses serious risks to ecosystems and public health,necessitating the development of effective removal technologies.In this study,a novel biochar-supported ferric oxyhydroxide(Fe OOH/BC)composite catalyst was developed for the activation of peracetic acid(PAA)to degrade cefapirin(CFP),a widely used and persistent cephalosporin antibiotic.The catalyst featured highly dispersed Fe OOH nanoparticles and enhanced interfacial electron transfer,enabling efficient activation of PAA through dual pathways involving both radical and non-radical species.Fe OOH/BC-1 exhibited the highest catalytic activity,where high-valent iron,singlet oxygen,and surface-bound reactive species played the primary roles in CFP degradation.Fe(Ⅲ)active sites generate high-valent iron oxo,while N active sites in biochar accounted for the direct electron transfer.This work provides a new approach for activating PAA in the degradation of emerging contaminants and offers a feasible method for catalyst regeneration in wastewater treatment applications.展开更多
Improving the reactivity of Fe(Ⅲ)is the bottleneck in the catalytic activity of persulfate-based Fenton-like chemistry.In this study,the Fe(Ⅲ)-PA catalyst was prepared for the activation of persulfate(PMS)by co-prec...Improving the reactivity of Fe(Ⅲ)is the bottleneck in the catalytic activity of persulfate-based Fenton-like chemistry.In this study,the Fe(Ⅲ)-PA catalyst was prepared for the activation of persulfate(PMS)by co-precipitation of phytate with iron ions.In particular,the Fe(Ⅲ)-PA/PMS system achieved efficient degradation of the target pollutant TCH under a wide range of p H conditions from 3.0 to 9.0.In the Fe(Ⅲ)PA/PMS/TCH system,the oxidative degradation of TCH was mainly via the direct electron transfer pathway.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed the mechanism of PMS activation potentiation,that is,phytate reduced the adsorption energy of the catalyst for PMS from-0.43 e V to-2.72 e V by coordination with the ferrihydrite.Moreover,Fe(Ⅲ)-PA functions as an electron shuttle and accelerates the electron transfer process between TCH and PMS.The removal of TCH under the electron transfer process(ETP)mediated by Fe(Ⅲ)-PA was selective,thereby demonstrating less sensitivity to the presence of coexisting ions and natural organic matter(NOMs).This work provides a viable case for ligand-enhanced Fe(Ⅲ)activation of PMS and reveals the critical role of direct electron transfer in pollutant elimination.展开更多
CeW-based catalysts with W species in different states,i.e.,a CeW oxide with only crystalline WO3(CeW-C)and a CeW oxide with monomeric W species(CeW-M),were prepared by a simple coprecipitation method through chang...CeW-based catalysts with W species in different states,i.e.,a CeW oxide with only crystalline WO3(CeW-C)and a CeW oxide with monomeric W species(CeW-M),were prepared by a simple coprecipitation method through changing the mixing time during preparation.SO2was found to exert a positive effect on NH3-SCR at high temperatures,and CeW-C exhibited higher resistance toward SO2poisoning.CeW-M with monomericWexhibited higher activity above 200°C in the absence of SO2than CeW-C with crystalline WO3due to the higher dispersion of W and the resulting increased number of acid sites for NH3adsorption.CeW-C with crystalline WO3possessed a higher amount of reducible oxygen species,leading to greater NO and SO2adsorption,as well as causing higher activity below 200℃in the absence of SO2.In the presence of SO2,NH3adsorption was promoted by forming(NH 4)2 SO 4 or NH4HSO4,which could react with NO to form N2and H2O on CeW-C.Having a large amount of NH3adsorption was important for high NH3-SCR activity on these Ce-W oxides,and SO2exerted a positive effect on NH3-SCR by promoting NH3adsorption at high temperatures.Additionally,more nitrates remained on CeW-C with crystalline WO3in the presence of SO2.The reasons above led to better SO2resistance for CeW-C.The different states of W species affect the NH3-SCR activity and ability to resist SO2and H2O poisoning by changing the redox properties,number of acid sites,and adsorption of NO,NH3and SO2.展开更多
Parasitic interface side reactions and uncontrollable Zn deposition seriously erode the cycling performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries,thus impeding the large-scale application.Herein,an organic acid molecule with ...Parasitic interface side reactions and uncontrollable Zn deposition seriously erode the cycling performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries,thus impeding the large-scale application.Herein,an organic acid molecule with a unique molecular structure,camphorsulfonic acid(CSA),is first proposed to remodel the interface microenvironment as an electrolyte additive.The proton provided by CSA can neutralize the hydroxide ions generated by side reactions and inhibit the accumulation of alkaline by-products.The sulfonic acid groups are firmly adsorbed on the Zn anode surface,thereby enabling the regulation of interfacial species.Specifically,oxygen-containing functional groups combined with hydrophobic rigid carbon rings achieve a water-poor interface environment and promote the transfer of Zn2+,providing a suitable environment for Zn deposition.As a result,Zn//Zn symmetrical battery can run for over 2800 h(2 mA cm-2-2 mAh cm-2),demonstrating 28-times lifespan compared to the battery without CSA.Furthermore,Zn//KVO full cell presents excellent performance of 800 cycles at 3 A g-1.Besides,the pouch cell with CSA can also operate a capacity of 153.8 mAh after 60 cycles at 0.5 A g-1 with96.5%capacity retention rate.This work provides an organism-inspired additive selection for stabilizing the interface chemistry of the Zn anode.展开更多
Objective:To characterize age-related changes in wideband absorbance(WBA)among normal-hearing children aged 0-6 years through combined statistical and machine learning analyses,and to establish developmental reference...Objective:To characterize age-related changes in wideband absorbance(WBA)among normal-hearing children aged 0-6 years through combined statistical and machine learning analyses,and to establish developmental reference patterns supporting pediatric middle-ear diagnostics.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 579 children(1158 ears)categorized into five age groups.All participants passed age-appropriate hearing screenings.WBA was measured under both ambient pressure(AP)and tympanometric peak pressure(TPP)conditions across 16 frequencies(226-8000 Hz).Repeated-measures analysis of variance examined the effects of age,ear side,and gender,while Random Forest classifiers and principal component analysis(PCA)explored the discriminative structure and feature importance of WBA data.Results:Neither gender nor ear side had a sig-nificantly effect on WBA patterns(p>0.05).In constrast,Age significantly influenced WBA patterns(p<0.001).Younger infants(<6 months)exhibited dual-peaked“M-shaped”curves,whereas older children(3-6 years)showed single-peaked,inverted“U-shaped”profiles centered near 1600 Hz,reflecting progressive middle-ear maturation.The Random Forest model achieved a mean accuracy of 0.73(balanced accuracy=0.58),with the top-ranked predictors(AP_1000,and AP_793)emphasizing low-to-mid frequency absorbance and pressure-compensation effects as key age indicators.PCA with k-means clustering further revealed partially distinct groupings aligned with chronological age,supporting the developmental encoding of WBA responses.Conclusion:WBA demonstrates distinct,age-dependent acoustic characteristics that correspond to physiological maturation of the middle ear.These findings provide a quantitative reference for pediatric wideband acoustic immittance and highlight the potential of machine learning in delineating developmental auditory patterns.展开更多
Objectives:Although claudin-1(CLDN1)interacts with Cluster of Differentiation 81(CD81)in various cell types,the specific mechanism underlying this interaction and its functional implications in colorectal cancer(CRC)c...Objectives:Although claudin-1(CLDN1)interacts with Cluster of Differentiation 81(CD81)in various cell types,the specific mechanism underlying this interaction and its functional implications in colorectal cancer(CRC)cells remain poorly understood.This study outlines the regulatory role of CLDN1 in CRC cell tumorigenicity through its interaction with CD81,elucidating the underlying signaling cascade.Methods:Changes in the expression of CLDN1 and CD81,as well as their correlation with the survival of CRC patients,were analyzed using samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database,the Kaplan–Meier plotter database,and tissue microarrays.CLDN1 and CD81 were silenced in CRC cell lines to examine their effects on cell viability,migration,and invasion.The interaction between CLDN1 and CD81,as well as the regulation of CD81,was examined via coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analysis.CLDN1-overexpressing SW620 cells and a xenograft tumor model were cotreated with the anti-CD81 monoclonal antibody(mAb)5A6 to investigate the role of the CLDN1/CD81 axis in CRC tumor growth.Results:CLDN1 expression was enhanced in CRC tissue and was correlated with poor survival in patients.Analysis revealed a significant upregulation of CLDN1 in all examined CRC cell lines relative to normal intestinal epithelial controls.Silencing of CLDN1 and CD81 reduced the CRC cell viability,invasion and migration.CLDN1 interacted with CD81 and promoted CD81 expression by suppressing CD81 ubiquitination.The anti-CD81 mAb 5A6 reversed the functions of CLDN1 overexpression in CRC malignant phenotypes and tumor xenograft growth.Conclusion:This study establishes CLDN1 as a promising therapeutic target in CRC and reveals that disrupting the CLDN1/CD81 axis might represent a novel treatment strategy.展开更多
The exceptional electrochemical performance of zinc anodes is frequently impeded by inadequate deposition kinetics and interfacial chemistry.Herein,we introduce the stereoisomerism to inform the balanced selection of ...The exceptional electrochemical performance of zinc anodes is frequently impeded by inadequate deposition kinetics and interfacial chemistry.Herein,we introduce the stereoisomerism to inform the balanced selection of electrolyte additives,taking into account their solvation and adsorption properties,to achieve the optimal deposition behaviors and electrochemical performance.The three-point coplanar adsorption configuration,in comparison to two-point adsorption,effectively mitigates the interference of water molecules and establishes a coplanar templating effect.This approach fosters a uniform distribution of charges,encourages the preferential orientation growth of(002)planes for uniform zinc deposition.Moreover,an appropriate level of solvation ability can modulate the solvation structure without substantially increasing the de-solvation energy barrier,thereby facilitating faster deposition kinetics than what is observed in cases of strong solvation.As a result,Zn//Zn cell can achieve an excellent performance of more than 3470 h at 2 mA cm-2and 1 mAh cm-2,and Zn//AC full cell can work for 50000 cycles at 3 A g-1.Additionally,under practical conditions(N/P=4.37),the assembled Zn//I2 full cell demonstrates stable lifespan for 710 cycles at 1 A g-1.This work showcases the interplay between adsorption configuration of stereoisomeric additives on the cycling.展开更多
When microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)fails,a redo procedure may be the only option for patients who want a biological child.However,there are many gaps of knowledge surrounding the procedure,whi...When microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)fails,a redo procedure may be the only option for patients who want a biological child.However,there are many gaps of knowledge surrounding the procedure,which need to be addressed to help clinicians and patients make informed decisions.This review explores redo micro-TESE in the context of nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Literature was searched using Google Scholar,Medline,and PubMed.Search terms were“NOA”AND“second microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“redo microdissection testicles sperm extraction”AND“repeat microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“failed microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“salvage microdissection testicular sperm extractions”.Only original articles in English were included.A total of nine articles were included,consisting of four retrospective and five prospective studies.The time gap between the first and second micro-TESE varied from 6 months to 24 months.Most of the included studies reported successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR)in the second micro-TESE in the range of 10%–21%,except in one study where it reached 42%.It has not been presented any definitive information about the use of hormonal treatment or the benefit of varicocelectomy prior to the second micro-TESE.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and Klinefelter syndrome(KS)had the highest chance of success in redo surgery.In conclusion,redo micro-TESE following a negative procedure can lead to sperm recovery in 10%–21%.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and KS have a higher chance of success.There is no enough evidence to conclude which is the best hormonal stimulation if any before a redo surgery.展开更多
Simultaneous degradation and detoxification during pharmaceutical and personal care product removal are important for water treatment.In this study,sodium niobate nanocubes decorated with graphitic carbon nitride(NbNC...Simultaneous degradation and detoxification during pharmaceutical and personal care product removal are important for water treatment.In this study,sodium niobate nanocubes decorated with graphitic carbon nitride(NbNC/g-C3N4)were fabricated to achieve the efficient photocatalytic degradation and detoxification of ciprofloxacin(CIP)under simulated solar light.NaNbO3nanocubes were in-situ transformed from Na2Nb2O6·H2O via thermal dehydration at the interface of g-C3N4.The optimized NbNC/g-C3N4-1 was a type-I heterojunction,which showed a high conduction band(CB)level of−1.68 eV,leading to the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons to O2 to produce primary reactive species,•O2-.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations of the density of states indicated that C 2p and Nb 3d contributed to the CB,and 0.37 e-transferred from NaNbO3to g-C3N4in NbNC/g-C3N4based on the Mulliken population analysis of the built-in electric field intensity.NbNC/g-C3N4-1 had 3.3-and 2.3-fold of CIP degradation rate constants(k1=0.173 min−1)compared with those of pristine g-C3N4and NaNbO3,respectively.In addition,N24,N19,and C5 in CIP with a high Fukui index were reactive sites for electrophilic attack by•O2-,resulting in the defluorination and ring-opening of the piperazine moiety of the dominant degradation pathways.Intermediate/product identification,integrated with computational toxicity evaluation,further indicated a substantial detoxification effect during CIP degradation in the photocatalysis system.展开更多
Plant endophytic fungi(EF)play crucial roles in enhancing plant resilience to saline conditions.In this study,the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum was collected from coastal saline zones adjacent to Hainan Island.Roo...Plant endophytic fungi(EF)play crucial roles in enhancing plant resilience to saline conditions.In this study,the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum was collected from coastal saline zones adjacent to Hainan Island.Root EF was isolated employing the tissue block method,followed by comprehensive identification and diversity analysis.Salt-tolerant strains were subsequently identified,and pot experiments were conducted to examine their effects on maize growth under saline conditions.A total of 426 cultivable EF isolates were obtained from the roots of S.portulacastrum sampled across 20 distinct locations,categorized into 112 operational taxonomic units(OTUs).Notable differences in EF species distribution were observed across the sampled regions.Screening on potato dextrose agar(PDA)plates supplemented with 0.75 M NaCl revealed that eight EF isolates exhibited significant salt tolerance,with enhanced growth compared to controls.Among these,Fusarium incarnatum strain LG-BZ-9 was shown to not only promote maize growth but also bolster its salt tolerance.Under salt stress conditions,the application of strain LG-BZ-9 led to increased fresh weight,plant height,and leaf chlorophyll content in maize seedlings.Furthermore,a substantial reduction in Na+concentration within maize roots and shoots was observed,accompanied by an increase in K+concentration,resulting in a higher K+/Na+ratio.The EF strain isolated in this research effectively enhanced salt tolerance and stimulated maize growth by modulating ion homeostasis.These findings offer a theoretical basis for leveraging beneficial microorganisms to improve crop salt tolerance and augment yields in saline soils.展开更多
Due to the different microstructures caused by the heat source effect,welding joints exhibit significant differences in mechanical properties compared to the base material.Precise characterization of the constitutive ...Due to the different microstructures caused by the heat source effect,welding joints exhibit significant differences in mechanical properties compared to the base material.Precise characterization of the constitutive characteristics of the welded joint requires a large number of repetitive experiments,which are costly,inefficient,and have limited accuracy improvements.This paper proposes an integrated experimental-simulation-based inverse calibration method,which establishes a calibration optimization problem based on the corresponding constitutive model and a finite element calculation model built by the distribution of hardness in the weldment.Using the global tensile force-displacement curve of the MIG-welded 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy specimen and the experimental data of local deformation with time change obtained from DIC(Digital Image Correlation),the parameters involved in the constitutive models are optimized accordingly.This method can directly obtain the constitutive characteristics of the weldment under conditions of limited experiments and insufficient data.Additionally,the adaptability of the constitutive model to the calibration method and the influence of optimization results are discussed and analyzed.The results indicate that the global force-displacement response of the non-saturated Ramberg-Osgood(R-O)model is in the best agreement with that of the experimental data,and the energy error is only 2.62%,followed by the MPL model,while the saturation-based Voce model shows the largest simulation error in terms of the presented object.Furthermore,the simulation results of R-O,Voce,and MPL models in the local area are far superior to traditional fitting methods.展开更多
摘要Harnessing a single system capable of both oxidizing biopolyols and reducing carbon dioxide(CO2)into carbon monoxide(CO)provides a sustainable pathway for simultaneous biomass conversion and CO2reduction.Traditional systems,however,are often limited by sluggish kinetics,requiring UV light or strongly alkaline media,which hampers their applicability under mild,visible-light conditions.In this study,we report an alkali-and metal-free photocatalytic CO production system operating at ambient temperature,employing brown polymeric carbon nitride nanowires(CNW)as the sole photocatalyst.The extended light-harvesting capacity of CNW enables efficient activity even under long-wavelength irradiation beyond 700 nm.The reaction pathways for biopolyol oxidative decarbonylation and CO2-to-CO reduction were elucidated through a combination of in-situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations.This visible-light-responsive dual-reaction platform directs photogenerated holes toward biopolyol oxidation and electrons toward CO2reduction,achieving efficient CO generation from renewable resources under mild conditions.
摘要In Alzheimer’s disease,perturbations of glutamate neurotransmission lead to synaptic dysfunction and synapse loss.Several studies have used glutamate transport inhibitors to demonstrate that soluble oligomers of amyloid-βinduce synaptic dysfunction by interrupting glutamate uptake mediated by glutamate transporter 1,the major glutamate transporter in the brain.The cellular targets of the synaptic effects of soluble amyloid-βoligomers,including the nature of any interaction with glutamate transporter 1,remain ill-defined.We have generated a conditional glutamate transporter 1 knockout mouse to investigate cell-type specific functions of glutamate transporter 1.Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials were examined in the CA1 region of mouse hippocampal slices.We confirmed that hippocampal long-term potentiation impairment is induced by both soluble amyloid-β oligomers and glutamate uptake inhibitors.Amyloid-βoligomers,including those isolated directly from the cortex of patients with Alzheimer’s disease,failed to inhibit hippocampal long-term potentiation in neuronal glutamate transporter 1 but not astrocytic glutamate transporter 1 knockout mice.The masking or occlusion of the effect of soluble amyloid-β oligomers by knockout of glutamate transporter 1 in neurons suggests that the metabolic or signaling consequences of knockout of glutamate transporter 1 in neurons and amyloid-βoligomer inhibition of synaptic plasticity show epistasis and thus share a similar molecular pathway.To extend these observations,we tested the effects of other types of manipulation of glutamate homeostasis on synaptic plasticity and the pathophysiology of soluble amyloid-β oligomers.Ceftriaxone,which upregulates glutamate transporter 1 levels,among other effects,prevented the impairment of long-term potentiation by soluble amyloid-β oligomers.Collectively,our findings suggest that the effects of amyloid-βon synaptic function are highly dependent on glutamate reuptake homeostasis and that the disruption of synaptic function by soluble amyloid-β oligomers is mediated by pathways linked to neuronal,not astrocytic,glutamate transporter 1.The findings of this study highlight the translational potential of targeting neuronal glutamate transporter 1 to counteract amyloid-β-induced synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease.By showing that glutamate transporter 1 upregulation(e.g.,via ceftriaxone)can prevent amyloid-β-related impairments,this research supports developing therapies aimed at modulating glutamate homeostasis to preserve synaptic function and combat cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12404456,52403324)Fundamental Research Funds for Public Universities in Liaoning(LJ212410140035,LJ212410140037)+2 种基金Shenyang Science and Technology Bureau(22-315-6-06)Fund of Liaoning Provincial for Excellent Young Scholars(2024JH3/10200045)Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Program(Natural Science Foundation General Project)(2024-MSLH-188)。
摘要Currently,one of the main factors limiting the performance of photocatalytic technology is the suboptimal utilization efficiency of the infrared region in sunlight spectrum.Although rare earth ion doping can improve light absorption of photocatalysts in the infrared region to some extent,it is still restricted by a narrow absorption cross-section and relatively low photocatalytic efficiency under infrared light.In this work,a full-spectrum photocatalyst based on Bi2 WO6:Yb3+,Er3+/Ag composite was prepared.Ag loading formed a Schottky junction on the surface of Bi2 WO6 and introduced the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)effect.Their synergistic interaction optimized the band structure and the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers.Hot electron injection induced by the LSPR effect can simultaneously enhance the mutually independent photocatalytic processes driven by visible light and near-infrared light,thereby achieving an overall boost in full-spectrum photocatalytic performance.It enables Bi2 WO6:Yb3+,Er3+/Ag composite to efficiently address various refractory pollutants and complex conditions.Bi2 WO6:Yb3+,Er3+/Ag composite exhibits outstanding photodegradation performance for a diverse mixture of antibiotics,including tetracycline hydrochloride,norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and levofloxacin in real water samples under simulated sunlight irradiation.This work paves a way for the development of green,efficient,and sustainable environmental remediation technologies.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52072208,52402124,and 52302278)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515110531)+1 种基金Supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(GradeB)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant Number GZB20250057China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M770223).
摘要LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811),a high-nickel layered oxide,has emerged as a frontrunner for next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)due to its high energy density,excellent rate performance,and cost-effectiveness.However,NCM811 cathodes face multifaceted challenges,including cation mixing,microcracking,and residual lithium compounds,necessitating a comprehensive understanding for addressing these critical issues.In this review,we provide an in-depth analysis of recent advancements,presenting actionable insights into effective strategies to address the key issues in the NCM811 cathode and proposing pathways for optimizing NCM811 cathodes in LIB applications.Additionally,the forward-looking perspectives are explored in this review,highlighting the role of advanced material characterization techniques,theoretical modeling,and computational simulations in overcoming the inherent limitations of NCM811 cathodes.By synthesizing current knowledge and technological advancements,this review aims to serve as a foundational resource for researchers and industry professionals striving to enhance the performance and accelerate the commercialization of NCM811 cathode materials,contributing to the future of energy storage solutions.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377222)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ20064)。
摘要Aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)have emerged as strong contenders for large-scale energy storage solutions,attributed to their cost-effectiveness and enhanced safety profiles.Nevertheless,their widespread adoption is currently hindered by their poor performance in low-temperature conditions.Herein,an electrolyte is developed by utilizing weakly solvated and film-forming molecule dimethyl sulfite(DMS)to achieve smooth de-solvation and high ionic conductivity at low temperature.The DMS disrupts the hydrogen bonding network of water and lowers the freezing point of the electrolyte to-40.9℃.The designed electrolyte achieves ionic conductivity up to 10.75 m S/cm at-30℃.Due to the chemical reactivity of DMS and trifluoromethanesulfonate anions in the Zn2+-solvation shell,a Zn F2-Zn S hybrid solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)is successively generated on Zn metal surface.Mechanistic studies reveal that such robust hybrid interphase can promote Zn2+desolvation and rapid Zn2+transport.In addition,the addition of DMS effectively suppresses the dendritic growth,hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),and corrosioninduced passivation on the anode surface,facilitating long-term cycling at subzero temperatures.At-40℃,the Zn//Zn symmetrical cell cycles for 1200 h at 0.5 m A/cm2and 0.5 m Ah/cm2,and the Zn//NVO cell achieves an ultra-long cycle life of 1000 cycles with a high capacity retention of 82.89%at 1 A/g.
基金supported by the Foundation Project:National Natural Science.Foundation of China(Nos.:82460249,82100417,81760094)The Foundation of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Outstanding Youth Fund Project(20212BAB206022,20242BAB23080).
摘要Objective:Leucine-rich alpha-2 glycoprotein 1(Lrg1)could regulate diverse cells in cerebral ischemiareperfusion.Our study seeks to uncover Lrg1’s impact on endothelial cell heterogeneity via differentiation pathways and transcription factors.Method:The CSOmap model measured cell-to-brain-center distances using single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)data in middle cerebral artery occlusion reperfusion(MCAO/R).Monocle2 mapped endothelial differentiation paths.Gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)analyzed endothelial subcluster variations.Database searches revealed a zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 protein-frizzled 3(Zmiz1-Fzd3)promoter interaction.Endothelial cells were transfected with a Fzd3 promoter-luciferase plasmid.Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and western blotting assessed MCAO/R or Zmiz1 overexpression effects on Fzd3-related mRNA and proteins.A retroviral vector carrying Zmiz1 was injected into the brains of mice to study its effect on Fzd3.Result:Lrg1−/−mice exhibited elevated cell adhesion proteins and decreased microvascular leakage after MCAO/R.CSOmap showed widened astrocyte spacing in thesemice.RSS revealed Zmiz1 overexpression inMCAO/R+Lrg1−/−mice.MCAO/R and pcDNA3-Zmiz1 transfection both enhanced luciferase activity with Fzd3,indicating Zmiz1 binding to Fzd3.Retroviral Zmiz1 injection or knockdown disrupted ischemic brain tight junctions,highlighting Zmiz1’s key role in blood-brain barrier protection,likely through Fzd3 pathway modulation.Conclusion:The findings indicate Lrg1 knockout induces endothelial differentiation by activating Zmiz1,which is crucial for maintaining blood-brain barrier function,possibly via modulating the Fzd3 pathway.
摘要Dear Editor,Lymphocyte activation gene 3(LAG3),the third established target for immune checkpoint blockade therapy,suppresses T cell function by binding to major histocompatibility complex classⅡ(MHCⅡ).Despite its significant therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy and the substantial attention it has received from academia and industry,the molecular mechanisms of LAG3-mediated immunosuppression remain poorly understood,primarily because of its unique ligand-binding characteristics and intracellular domains[1].
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFB4105401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22372164,22288101 and 22072148)。
摘要Methanol-to-hydrocarbons(MTH)reaction comprises a set of crucial catalytic processes to produce light olefins,gasoline,or aromatics.MTH reaction is a classic example of reaction complexity in zeolite catalysis.The molecular understanding of reaction routes and deactivation mechanisms still encounters many challenges.Herein,we chose HZSM-22 zeolite with the simple one-dimensional 10-membered ring(10-MR)channel as a prototypical system,leveraging the spatial nanoconfinement effect of its unique pore architecture to minimize reaction complexity.The identification of the molecular structures of coke species with acene-,biphenyl-,or fluorene-typed structures was made possible through a combination of the advanced matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry(MALDI FT-ICR MS)with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(GC-MS)technique.With this,we uncovered two modes of growth mechanism of coke molecules,i.e.,a stepwise route and a dehydrogenative coupling route.The findings deepen the mechanistic understanding of zeolite deactivation and provide a theoretical foundation for designing coke-resistant catalysts.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82071969,21977065,and U21A6004)Shanxi Province Higher Education"Billion Project"Science and Technology Guidance Project。
摘要Diabetic wound infections are a common complication of diabetes,which severely impact patients'quality of life.Effective treatment of diabetic wound infections remains one major challenge in the clinic,partially due to the formation of bacterial biofilm and antibiotic resistance.It is imperative to develop non-antibiotic-dependent strategies to efficiently eradicate biofilm infections in diabetic wounds.In this work,an innovative nanospray(CDs-HM)was successfully prepared by linking one acoustic sensitizer(hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether,HMME)to CDs fabricated with hemin,nickel(Ⅱ)chloride,and polymer ethylene imine.CDs-HM exhibited catalase-enhanced sonodynamic properties and photothermal-enhanced chemodynamic properties.In vitro experiments and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that CDs-HM successfully killed the bacteria and destroyed bacterial biofilm by disrupting bacterial cell membrane integrity,inducing oxidative stress,and inhibiting ATP production through synergistic photothermal therapy/chemodynamic therapy/sonodynamic therapy(PTT/CDT/SDT)effects.In the diabetic wound infection mouse model,CDs-HM remarkably eradicated MRSA biofilm,reduced inflammation levels,and promoted angiogenesis/collagen deposition so as to accelerate wound healing.It is noteworthy that CDs-HM displayed superior bacteria killing and wound healing effects compared with conventional vancomycin and nanosilver dressing interventions.The practicality and effciency of CDs-HM endowed it with broad clinical translation prospects.It paved the way for developing novel strategies for combating diabetic wound infections.
基金financially supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232035)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFF1308200)+4 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1202500)the multi-dimensional coupling process of soil-surface-subsurface hydrology and vegetation regulation mechanism in loess region(No.U2243202)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(No.BNLMS2023011)supported by the High-Performance Computing Platform of Peking Universitythe National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility”(Earth Lab)。
摘要Antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments poses serious risks to ecosystems and public health,necessitating the development of effective removal technologies.In this study,a novel biochar-supported ferric oxyhydroxide(Fe OOH/BC)composite catalyst was developed for the activation of peracetic acid(PAA)to degrade cefapirin(CFP),a widely used and persistent cephalosporin antibiotic.The catalyst featured highly dispersed Fe OOH nanoparticles and enhanced interfacial electron transfer,enabling efficient activation of PAA through dual pathways involving both radical and non-radical species.Fe OOH/BC-1 exhibited the highest catalytic activity,where high-valent iron,singlet oxygen,and surface-bound reactive species played the primary roles in CFP degradation.Fe(Ⅲ)active sites generate high-valent iron oxo,while N active sites in biochar accounted for the direct electron transfer.This work provides a new approach for activating PAA in the degradation of emerging contaminants and offers a feasible method for catalyst regeneration in wastewater treatment applications.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1202500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52270053)+7 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232035)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(No.BNLMS2023011)the Science and Technology Project of Beijing Municipal Ecology and Environment(BJST20250207)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(202502AQ080002)the PKUNUS Center for Applied Sciences-Joint Research Fundingthe State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization(Open Fund Project No ZJUCEU2023014)the State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing,Wuhan Textile University(No.FZ2025006)the Graduate Student Innovated Foundation of Wuhan Textile University。
摘要Improving the reactivity of Fe(Ⅲ)is the bottleneck in the catalytic activity of persulfate-based Fenton-like chemistry.In this study,the Fe(Ⅲ)-PA catalyst was prepared for the activation of persulfate(PMS)by co-precipitation of phytate with iron ions.In particular,the Fe(Ⅲ)-PA/PMS system achieved efficient degradation of the target pollutant TCH under a wide range of p H conditions from 3.0 to 9.0.In the Fe(Ⅲ)PA/PMS/TCH system,the oxidative degradation of TCH was mainly via the direct electron transfer pathway.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations revealed the mechanism of PMS activation potentiation,that is,phytate reduced the adsorption energy of the catalyst for PMS from-0.43 e V to-2.72 e V by coordination with the ferrihydrite.Moreover,Fe(Ⅲ)-PA functions as an electron shuttle and accelerates the electron transfer process between TCH and PMS.The removal of TCH under the electron transfer process(ETP)mediated by Fe(Ⅲ)-PA was selective,thereby demonstrating less sensitivity to the presence of coexisting ions and natural organic matter(NOMs).This work provides a viable case for ligand-enhanced Fe(Ⅲ)activation of PMS and reveals the critical role of direct electron transfer in pollutant elimination.
基金supported by the Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.IAGM2023A17)the Fundamental Research Center of Single-Atom Catalysis supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22388102).
摘要CeW-based catalysts with W species in different states,i.e.,a CeW oxide with only crystalline WO3(CeW-C)and a CeW oxide with monomeric W species(CeW-M),were prepared by a simple coprecipitation method through changing the mixing time during preparation.SO2was found to exert a positive effect on NH3-SCR at high temperatures,and CeW-C exhibited higher resistance toward SO2poisoning.CeW-M with monomericWexhibited higher activity above 200°C in the absence of SO2than CeW-C with crystalline WO3due to the higher dispersion of W and the resulting increased number of acid sites for NH3adsorption.CeW-C with crystalline WO3possessed a higher amount of reducible oxygen species,leading to greater NO and SO2adsorption,as well as causing higher activity below 200℃in the absence of SO2.In the presence of SO2,NH3adsorption was promoted by forming(NH 4)2 SO 4 or NH4HSO4,which could react with NO to form N2and H2O on CeW-C.Having a large amount of NH3adsorption was important for high NH3-SCR activity on these Ce-W oxides,and SO2exerted a positive effect on NH3-SCR by promoting NH3adsorption at high temperatures.Additionally,more nitrates remained on CeW-C with crystalline WO3in the presence of SO2.The reasons above led to better SO2resistance for CeW-C.The different states of W species affect the NH3-SCR activity and ability to resist SO2and H2O poisoning by changing the redox properties,number of acid sites,and adsorption of NO,NH3and SO2.
基金financially supported by The Excellent Youth Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province(No.24B0008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377222)。
摘要Parasitic interface side reactions and uncontrollable Zn deposition seriously erode the cycling performance of aqueous zinc ion batteries,thus impeding the large-scale application.Herein,an organic acid molecule with a unique molecular structure,camphorsulfonic acid(CSA),is first proposed to remodel the interface microenvironment as an electrolyte additive.The proton provided by CSA can neutralize the hydroxide ions generated by side reactions and inhibit the accumulation of alkaline by-products.The sulfonic acid groups are firmly adsorbed on the Zn anode surface,thereby enabling the regulation of interfacial species.Specifically,oxygen-containing functional groups combined with hydrophobic rigid carbon rings achieve a water-poor interface environment and promote the transfer of Zn2+,providing a suitable environment for Zn deposition.As a result,Zn//Zn symmetrical battery can run for over 2800 h(2 mA cm-2-2 mAh cm-2),demonstrating 28-times lifespan compared to the battery without CSA.Furthermore,Zn//KVO full cell presents excellent performance of 800 cycles at 3 A g-1.Besides,the pouch cell with CSA can also operate a capacity of 153.8 mAh after 60 cycles at 0.5 A g-1 with96.5%capacity retention rate.This work provides an organism-inspired additive selection for stabilizing the interface chemistry of the Zn anode.
基金supported by the Jiangsu Provincial College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(no.202310313108Y).
摘要Objective:To characterize age-related changes in wideband absorbance(WBA)among normal-hearing children aged 0-6 years through combined statistical and machine learning analyses,and to establish developmental reference patterns supporting pediatric middle-ear diagnostics.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on 579 children(1158 ears)categorized into five age groups.All participants passed age-appropriate hearing screenings.WBA was measured under both ambient pressure(AP)and tympanometric peak pressure(TPP)conditions across 16 frequencies(226-8000 Hz).Repeated-measures analysis of variance examined the effects of age,ear side,and gender,while Random Forest classifiers and principal component analysis(PCA)explored the discriminative structure and feature importance of WBA data.Results:Neither gender nor ear side had a sig-nificantly effect on WBA patterns(p>0.05).In constrast,Age significantly influenced WBA patterns(p<0.001).Younger infants(<6 months)exhibited dual-peaked“M-shaped”curves,whereas older children(3-6 years)showed single-peaked,inverted“U-shaped”profiles centered near 1600 Hz,reflecting progressive middle-ear maturation.The Random Forest model achieved a mean accuracy of 0.73(balanced accuracy=0.58),with the top-ranked predictors(AP_1000,and AP_793)emphasizing low-to-mid frequency absorbance and pressure-compensation effects as key age indicators.PCA with k-means clustering further revealed partially distinct groupings aligned with chronological age,supporting the developmental encoding of WBA responses.Conclusion:WBA demonstrates distinct,age-dependent acoustic characteristics that correspond to physiological maturation of the middle ear.These findings provide a quantitative reference for pediatric wideband acoustic immittance and highlight the potential of machine learning in delineating developmental auditory patterns.
基金funded by the Shanghai Jinshan District Municipal Commission of Health(No.JSZK2023A02)the Fudan University Affiliated Jinshan Hospital Youth Research Start-up Fund(No.JYQN-LC-202407).
摘要Objectives:Although claudin-1(CLDN1)interacts with Cluster of Differentiation 81(CD81)in various cell types,the specific mechanism underlying this interaction and its functional implications in colorectal cancer(CRC)cells remain poorly understood.This study outlines the regulatory role of CLDN1 in CRC cell tumorigenicity through its interaction with CD81,elucidating the underlying signaling cascade.Methods:Changes in the expression of CLDN1 and CD81,as well as their correlation with the survival of CRC patients,were analyzed using samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database,the Kaplan–Meier plotter database,and tissue microarrays.CLDN1 and CD81 were silenced in CRC cell lines to examine their effects on cell viability,migration,and invasion.The interaction between CLDN1 and CD81,as well as the regulation of CD81,was examined via coimmunoprecipitation and ubiquitination analysis.CLDN1-overexpressing SW620 cells and a xenograft tumor model were cotreated with the anti-CD81 monoclonal antibody(mAb)5A6 to investigate the role of the CLDN1/CD81 axis in CRC tumor growth.Results:CLDN1 expression was enhanced in CRC tissue and was correlated with poor survival in patients.Analysis revealed a significant upregulation of CLDN1 in all examined CRC cell lines relative to normal intestinal epithelial controls.Silencing of CLDN1 and CD81 reduced the CRC cell viability,invasion and migration.CLDN1 interacted with CD81 and promoted CD81 expression by suppressing CD81 ubiquitination.The anti-CD81 mAb 5A6 reversed the functions of CLDN1 overexpression in CRC malignant phenotypes and tumor xenograft growth.Conclusion:This study establishes CLDN1 as a promising therapeutic target in CRC and reveals that disrupting the CLDN1/CD81 axis might represent a novel treatment strategy.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(No.2023JJ20064)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377222).
摘要The exceptional electrochemical performance of zinc anodes is frequently impeded by inadequate deposition kinetics and interfacial chemistry.Herein,we introduce the stereoisomerism to inform the balanced selection of electrolyte additives,taking into account their solvation and adsorption properties,to achieve the optimal deposition behaviors and electrochemical performance.The three-point coplanar adsorption configuration,in comparison to two-point adsorption,effectively mitigates the interference of water molecules and establishes a coplanar templating effect.This approach fosters a uniform distribution of charges,encourages the preferential orientation growth of(002)planes for uniform zinc deposition.Moreover,an appropriate level of solvation ability can modulate the solvation structure without substantially increasing the de-solvation energy barrier,thereby facilitating faster deposition kinetics than what is observed in cases of strong solvation.As a result,Zn//Zn cell can achieve an excellent performance of more than 3470 h at 2 mA cm-2and 1 mAh cm-2,and Zn//AC full cell can work for 50000 cycles at 3 A g-1.Additionally,under practical conditions(N/P=4.37),the assembled Zn//I2 full cell demonstrates stable lifespan for 710 cycles at 1 A g-1.This work showcases the interplay between adsorption configuration of stereoisomeric additives on the cycling.
摘要When microdissection testicular sperm extraction(micro-TESE)fails,a redo procedure may be the only option for patients who want a biological child.However,there are many gaps of knowledge surrounding the procedure,which need to be addressed to help clinicians and patients make informed decisions.This review explores redo micro-TESE in the context of nonobstructive azoospermia(NOA).Literature was searched using Google Scholar,Medline,and PubMed.Search terms were“NOA”AND“second microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“redo microdissection testicles sperm extraction”AND“repeat microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“failed microdissection testicular sperm extractions”AND“salvage microdissection testicular sperm extractions”.Only original articles in English were included.A total of nine articles were included,consisting of four retrospective and five prospective studies.The time gap between the first and second micro-TESE varied from 6 months to 24 months.Most of the included studies reported successful surgical sperm retrieval(SSR)in the second micro-TESE in the range of 10%–21%,except in one study where it reached 42%.It has not been presented any definitive information about the use of hormonal treatment or the benefit of varicocelectomy prior to the second micro-TESE.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and Klinefelter syndrome(KS)had the highest chance of success in redo surgery.In conclusion,redo micro-TESE following a negative procedure can lead to sperm recovery in 10%–21%.Patients with hypospermatogenesis and KS have a higher chance of success.There is no enough evidence to conclude which is the best hormonal stimulation if any before a redo surgery.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2021YFA1202500 and 2022YFF1303004)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220531093205013)+6 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.52100069,52270053 and 52200084)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232035),the Beijing Nova Program(No.20220484215)the Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(No.BNLMS2023011)Emerging Engineering Interdisciplinary-Young Scholars Project(Peking University),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities are greatly acknowledgedsupported by the High-Performance Computing Platform of Peking Universitythe National Key Scientific and Technological Infrastructure project“Earth System Numerical Simulation Facility”(EarthLab)are also acknowledgedsupported by the program of“Research on Advanced Treatment Technology of New Pollutants in Domestic Sewage of Residential District”.
摘要Simultaneous degradation and detoxification during pharmaceutical and personal care product removal are important for water treatment.In this study,sodium niobate nanocubes decorated with graphitic carbon nitride(NbNC/g-C3N4)were fabricated to achieve the efficient photocatalytic degradation and detoxification of ciprofloxacin(CIP)under simulated solar light.NaNbO3nanocubes were in-situ transformed from Na2Nb2O6·H2O via thermal dehydration at the interface of g-C3N4.The optimized NbNC/g-C3N4-1 was a type-I heterojunction,which showed a high conduction band(CB)level of−1.68 eV,leading to the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons to O2 to produce primary reactive species,•O2-.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations of the density of states indicated that C 2p and Nb 3d contributed to the CB,and 0.37 e-transferred from NaNbO3to g-C3N4in NbNC/g-C3N4based on the Mulliken population analysis of the built-in electric field intensity.NbNC/g-C3N4-1 had 3.3-and 2.3-fold of CIP degradation rate constants(k1=0.173 min−1)compared with those of pristine g-C3N4and NaNbO3,respectively.In addition,N24,N19,and C5 in CIP with a high Fukui index were reactive sites for electrophilic attack by•O2-,resulting in the defluorination and ring-opening of the piperazine moiety of the dominant degradation pathways.Intermediate/product identification,integrated with computational toxicity evaluation,further indicated a substantial detoxification effect during CIP degradation in the photocatalysis system.
基金supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(318QN189)Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(BK20241849)+1 种基金the Open Project of Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands,Hainan Normal University,China(HNSF-OP-202303)the Education Department of Hainan Province(Hnky2021-19,Qhys2022-100).
摘要Plant endophytic fungi(EF)play crucial roles in enhancing plant resilience to saline conditions.In this study,the halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum was collected from coastal saline zones adjacent to Hainan Island.Root EF was isolated employing the tissue block method,followed by comprehensive identification and diversity analysis.Salt-tolerant strains were subsequently identified,and pot experiments were conducted to examine their effects on maize growth under saline conditions.A total of 426 cultivable EF isolates were obtained from the roots of S.portulacastrum sampled across 20 distinct locations,categorized into 112 operational taxonomic units(OTUs).Notable differences in EF species distribution were observed across the sampled regions.Screening on potato dextrose agar(PDA)plates supplemented with 0.75 M NaCl revealed that eight EF isolates exhibited significant salt tolerance,with enhanced growth compared to controls.Among these,Fusarium incarnatum strain LG-BZ-9 was shown to not only promote maize growth but also bolster its salt tolerance.Under salt stress conditions,the application of strain LG-BZ-9 led to increased fresh weight,plant height,and leaf chlorophyll content in maize seedlings.Furthermore,a substantial reduction in Na+concentration within maize roots and shoots was observed,accompanied by an increase in K+concentration,resulting in a higher K+/Na+ratio.The EF strain isolated in this research effectively enhanced salt tolerance and stimulated maize growth by modulating ion homeostasis.These findings offer a theoretical basis for leveraging beneficial microorganisms to improve crop salt tolerance and augment yields in saline soils.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52202431,52172353)Talent Fund of Beijing Jiaotong University of China(Grant No.2024XKRC044).
摘要Due to the different microstructures caused by the heat source effect,welding joints exhibit significant differences in mechanical properties compared to the base material.Precise characterization of the constitutive characteristics of the welded joint requires a large number of repetitive experiments,which are costly,inefficient,and have limited accuracy improvements.This paper proposes an integrated experimental-simulation-based inverse calibration method,which establishes a calibration optimization problem based on the corresponding constitutive model and a finite element calculation model built by the distribution of hardness in the weldment.Using the global tensile force-displacement curve of the MIG-welded 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy specimen and the experimental data of local deformation with time change obtained from DIC(Digital Image Correlation),the parameters involved in the constitutive models are optimized accordingly.This method can directly obtain the constitutive characteristics of the weldment under conditions of limited experiments and insufficient data.Additionally,the adaptability of the constitutive model to the calibration method and the influence of optimization results are discussed and analyzed.The results indicate that the global force-displacement response of the non-saturated Ramberg-Osgood(R-O)model is in the best agreement with that of the experimental data,and the energy error is only 2.62%,followed by the MPL model,while the saturation-based Voce model shows the largest simulation error in terms of the presented object.Furthermore,the simulation results of R-O,Voce,and MPL models in the local area are far superior to traditional fitting methods.