As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing o...As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms.However,the lack of uniformity in detection methods,threshold settings,and reporting formats,as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types,have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.This consensus focuses on the definition,standardization of detection,clinical significance,and limitations of TMB,and provides consensus recommendations for the clinical application of TMB in real-world practice in China.This consensus is aimed at helping clinicians and laboratory personnel understand the clinical significance and testing standards of TMB,promoting more accurate interpretation of test results,and improving patient care.展开更多
The endpoint timing of copper-converter blowing directly affects the quality of blister copper,furnace stability,and blowing efficiency.Therefore,enhancing the digitalization and intelligence levels of this process ha...The endpoint timing of copper-converter blowing directly affects the quality of blister copper,furnace stability,and blowing efficiency.Therefore,enhancing the digitalization and intelligence levels of this process has significant practical importance.This study employed a deep learning algorithm that integrated a convolutional neural network(CNN)and graph attention network(GAT).It utilized CNNs to extract image features from the cooling samples of high-temperature melts.Subsequently,by fusing these image features with various production condition data and constraints through the GAT,a model was constructed to determine the best endpoint and predict the product composition.This model could predict the main elemental content of furnace products and estimate the required blowing time.A dataset comprising 5172 production parameters and images of high-temperature cooling samples from a furnace was established.The model was trained and validated using this dataset,and the results indicated that the model achieved endpoint judgment accuracies of 96.73%and 97.85%for the slag-making and copper-making periods,respectively,on the test set.The average prediction error for the composition across four cycles of copper-converter blowing was as low as 0.705wt%,and the average error in estimating the required blowing time was only 1.94 min.The results of this study provide new methods and insights for the development of intelligent endpoint judgment technologies for copper-converter blowing.展开更多
Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significant...Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significantly expanded treatment options for NSCLC patients.These alterations include MET exon 14 skipping mutations(MET exon 14 skipping),MET gene amplifications,MET point mutations(primarily kinase domain mutations),and MET protein overexpression.Accurate identification of these alterations and appropriate selection of patient populations and targeted therapies are essential for improving clinical outcomes.The East China Lung Cancer Group,Youth Committee(ECLUNG YOUNG,Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group)has synthesized insights from China’s innovative drug development landscape and clinical practice to formulate an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with MET alterations.This consensus addresses key areas,such as optimal testing timing,testing methods,testing strategies,quality control measures,and treatment approaches.By offering standardized recommendations,this guidance aims to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic processes and enhance clinical decision-making for NSCLC with MET alterations.展开更多
Background:Bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancer.Bisphosphonates(BPs) could prevent or delay the development of skeleton-related events(SREs).The present study aimed to identify the clinical feat...Background:Bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancer.Bisphosphonates(BPs) could prevent or delay the development of skeleton-related events(SREs).The present study aimed to identify the clinical features of and treatment strategies for Chinese patients with bone metastases.Methods:Consecutive cancer patients who had bone metastases and received BP treatment were enrolled.A questionnaire was developed to collect the patients' clinical data,as well as information on the diagnosis and management of bone metastases.Physicians' awareness of the guidelines and knowledge of the application of BP were also assessed.Results:A total of 3223 patients with lung cancer(36.5%),breast cancer(30.9%),prostate cancer(8.5%),and gastrointestinal cancer(5.7%) were included in this study.The sites of bone metastases were the thoracic spine(56.0%),lumbar spine(47.1%),ribs(32.6%),and pelvis(23.2%).The SRE frequency was the highest in patients with multiple myeloma(36.6%),followed by those with lung cancer(25.9%),breast cancer(20.2%),prostate cancer(18.2%),and gastrointestinal cancer(17.3%).Irradiation to the bone was the most frequent SRE(58%in lung cancer patients,45%in breast cancer patients,and 48%in prostate cancer patients).Our survey also showed that 45.5%of patients received BP within 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases,whereas the remaining 54.5%of patients did not receive BP treatment until at least 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases.The SRE frequency in the former group was significantly lower than that in the latter group(4.0%vs.42.3%,P < 0.05).In patients with more than 6 months of continuous BP treatment,the mean time to the first SRE was significantly longer than that in patients with less than 6 months of continuous BP treatment(7.2 vs.3.4 months,P < 0.05).In addition,12.2%of the physicians were not aware of the efficacy of BP in preventing and delaying SRE.Only half(52.3%) of the physicians agreed that the BP treatment should persist for at least 6 months unless it was intolerable.Conclusions:Our study suggested that prompt and persistent BP treatment was associated with a reduced risk of SREs.However,our survey also revealed that the proper application of BP was not as common as expected in China.展开更多
1(NUTM1)gene rearrangements(15q14).In 1991,two independent research teams reported NC cases characterized by the t(15;19)translo-cation.1,2 In vitro studies by French et al.3 led to the pivotal discovery of NC in 2003...1(NUTM1)gene rearrangements(15q14).In 1991,two independent research teams reported NC cases characterized by the t(15;19)translo-cation.1,2 In vitro studies by French et al.3 led to the pivotal discovery of NC in 2003 as a distinct disease entity driven by the fusion of bromodo-main and extraterminal domain(BET)protein 4(BRD4)and NUTM1.In 2004,the World Health Organization(WHO)classified tumors with t(15;19)translocation as a thymic malignancy and designated it“NUT midline carcinoma,”due to its predominant occurrence in midline organs.4 However,subsequent reports revealed NC’s emergence in numerous nonmidline organs,leading to its reclassification as the independent entity“NUT carcinoma of the thorax”by the WHO in 2015.5 NC exhibits rapid progression and profound resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy.展开更多
Background:Phenotypic transition is a common resistance mechanism of targeted therapy.While transformations from lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)to small-cell lung cancer or squamous-cell carcinoma have been extensively stud...Background:Phenotypic transition is a common resistance mechanism of targeted therapy.While transformations from lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)to small-cell lung cancer or squamous-cell carcinoma have been extensively studied,the conversion into sarcomatoid carcinoma(SC)is rarely reported.Methods:Genetic and histological examinations were systematically performed on tumor re-biopsy samples ob-tained from patients with advanced EGFR-mutant LUAD who progressed on EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs).EGFR wild-type patients were also identified who underwent the rare transformation from adenocarci-noma to SC following the ineffectiveness of inhibitors that target distinct driver oncogenes.Furthermore,we also retrospectively collected 42 cases diagnosed with primary pulmonary SC as a comparison cohort to comprehen-sively characterize the biological events and clinical outcomes of transformed SC.Results:The sarcomatoid transformation mediated drug resistance in 2.5%and 4.8%of patients after failure on the first/second,and third-generation EGFR-TKIs.Transformation of sarcomatoid carcinoma is characterized by a higher frequency of TP53,RB1,and MET genetic alterations compared to cases lacking histological transforma-tion;the PI3K signaling pathway was also significantly activated.Fifteen individuals were identified with a rare transition from adenocarcinoma to SC,consisting of seven cases with EGFR-activating mutations and eight cases without EGFR mutations.All sarcomatoid-transformed samples not only retained their original driver mutations but also shared specific genetic alterations with primary LUAD.Moreover,transformed sarcomatoid carcinomas mimic the primary SC in terms of immunochemical and molecular features.Conclusions:The transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to SC is a resistance mechanism wildly applied to inhibitors targeting different driver oncogenes.Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy shows potential to benefit patients with sarcomatoid transformation and warrants further study in larger cohorts.展开更多
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)rearrangements are present in about 5–6%of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cases and associated with increased risks of central nervous system(CNS)involvement.Envonalkib,a novel ALK in...Anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)rearrangements are present in about 5–6%of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cases and associated with increased risks of central nervous system(CNS)involvement.Envonalkib,a novel ALK inhibitor,demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity and safety in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC in the first-in-human phase I study.This phase III trial(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04009317)investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line envonalkib in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC cases.Totally 264 participants were randomized 1:1 to receive envonalkib(n=131)or crizotinib(n=133).Median independent review committee(IRC)-assessed progression-free survival(PFS)times were 24.87(95%confidence interval[CI]:15.64–30.36)and 11.60(95%CI:8.28–13.73)months in the envonalkib and crizotinib groups,respectively(hazard ratio[HR]=0.47,95%CI:0.34–0.64,p<0.0001).IRC-assessed confirmed objective response rate(ORR)was higher(81.68%vs.70.68%,p=0.056)and duration of response was longer(median,25.79[95%CI,16.53–29.47]vs.11.14[95%CI,9.23–16.59]months,p=0.0003)in the envonalkib group compared with the crizotinib group.In participants with baseline brain target lesions,IRC-assessed CNS-ORR was improved with envonalkib compared with crizotinib(78.95%vs.23.81%).Overall survival(OS)data were immature,and median OS was not reached in either group(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.48–1.47,p=0.5741).The 12-month OS rates were 90.6%(95%CI,84.0%–94.5%)and 89.4%(95%CI,82.8%–93.6%)in the envonalkib and crizotinib groups,respectively.Grade≥3 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 55.73%and 42.86%of participants in the envonalkib and crizotinib groups,respectively.Envonalkib significantly improved PFS and delayed brain metastasis progression in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC.展开更多
First-line chemoimmunotherapy(with or without bevacizumab)has improved outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Here,this open-label,multi-cohort phase II study(NCT05329025)was done to investigate the sa...First-line chemoimmunotherapy(with or without bevacizumab)has improved outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Here,this open-label,multi-cohort phase II study(NCT05329025)was done to investigate the safety and efficacy of QL1706(a single bifunctional MabPair product against PD-1 and CTLA-4)and chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in this population.Patients were enrolled into five different cohorts based on genotype(cohorts 1-4,epidermal growth factor receptor[EGFR]wild-type;cohort 5,EGFR-mutant and progressed on EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors[TKIs]).Between June 11,2021 and December 29,2021,91 patients were enrolled.Most frequent treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)included decreased appetite(60[65.9%]),anemia(60[65.9%]),infusion-related reactions(48[52.7%]),and pruritus(44[48.4%]).Grade≥3 TRAEs occurred in 30(33.0%)patients.Twenty-seven(45%)patients with wild-type EGFR achieved partial response(PR)(objective response rate[ORR]=45%)and had a median progression-free survival(mPFS)of 6.8 months(95%CI:5.2-9.7).For 31 patients harboring mutated EGFR,17(54.8%)achieved PR(ORR=54.8%),with an mPFS of 8.5 months(95%CI:5.72-not evaluable).Overall,QL1706 plus chemotherapy,regardless of having bevacizumab,was generally tolerable and had promising antitumor activity for EGFR wild-type advanced NSCLC in first-line setting.Moreover,QL1706 plus chemotherapy and bevacizumab showed favorable antitumor activity for patients who had EGFR mutated NSCLC but failed in TKI therapy,demonstrating a potential for treating this population.展开更多
Background:Gefitinib,as the first epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKI)approved for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),has been proved to significantly improve ...Background:Gefitinib,as the first epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKI)approved for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),has been proved to significantly improve the progression-free survival(PFS)in the first-line setting but suffers from resistance 7-10 months after treatment initia-tion.Apatinib(YN968D1),a potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)2-TKI,specifically binds to VEGFR2 and leads to anti-angiogenetic and anti-neoplastic effect.Concurrent inhibition of VEGFR and EGFR path-ways represents a rational approach to improve treatment responses and delay the onset of treatment resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.This ACTIVE study aims to assess the combination of apatinib and gefitinib as a new treatment approach for EGFR-mutant NSCLC as a first-line setting.Methods:This multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled phase III study(NCT02824458)has been designed to assess the efficacy and safety of apatinib or placebo combined with gefitinib as a first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.A total of 310 patients with EGFR-mutation(19del or 21L858R),pathological stage IIIB to IV non-squamous NSCLC were to be enrolled.The primary endpoint is investigator assessment of PFS,and the secondary endpoints include independent radiological central(IRC)-confirmed PFS,overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),time to progressive disease(TTPD),duration of response(DoR),quality of life(QoL)and safety.The patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive gefitinib(250 mg,p.o.q.d.)plus apatinib(500 mg,p.o.q.d.)or gefitinib plus placebo,given until disease progression or intolerable adverse events.Exploratory biomarker analysis will be performed.This study is being conducted across China and comprises of 30 participating centers.Enrollment commenced in August 2017 and finished in December 2018,most of the patients are in the follow-up period.Anticipated outcomes and significance:The present study will be the first to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of the combination of apatinib plus gefitinib as a first-line therapy for patients with EGFR-positive advanced non-squamous NSCLC.Importantly,this trial will provide comprehensive evidence on the treatment of EGFR-TKIs combined with antiangiogenic therapy.展开更多
Application of differentiation therapy targeting cellular plasticity for the treatment of solid malignancies has been lagging.Nasopharyngeal carci noma(NPC)is a distinctive cancer with poor differe ntiatio n and high ...Application of differentiation therapy targeting cellular plasticity for the treatment of solid malignancies has been lagging.Nasopharyngeal carci noma(NPC)is a distinctive cancer with poor differe ntiatio n and high prevalenee of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.Here,we show that the expressi on of EBV latent protein LMP1 in duces dediffere ntiated and stem-like status with high plasticity through the transcriptional inhibition of CEBPA.Mechanistically,LMP1 upregulates STAT5A and recruits HDAC 1/2 to the CEBPA locus to reduce its histone acetylation.HDAC inhibition restored CEBPA expression,reversing cellular dedifferentiation and stem-like status in mouse xeno graft models.These fin dings provide a novel mecha nistic epigenetic-based in sight into virus-induced cellular plasticity and propose a promising concept of differentiation therapy in solid tumor by using HDAC inhibitors to target cellular plasticity.展开更多
There is still room for improvement in first-line treatment of advanced small cell lung cancer(SCLC).This trial firstly investigated efficacy and safety of antiangiogenic therapy(surufatinib)(200 mg,qd,po)plus anti-PD...There is still room for improvement in first-line treatment of advanced small cell lung cancer(SCLC).This trial firstly investigated efficacy and safety of antiangiogenic therapy(surufatinib)(200 mg,qd,po)plus anti-PD-1 treatment(toripalimab)(240 mg,d1,ivdrip)combined with etoposide(100 mg/m²,d1-d3,iv,drip)and cisplatin(25 mg/m²,d1-d3,ivdrip)for advanced SCLC as first-line treatment,which has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT04996771.The four-drug regimen was conducted q3w for 4 cycles with maintenance therapy of surufatinib and toripalimab.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).The secondary end points included objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS)and safety.All of the 38 patients were enrolled for safety analysis,while only 35 patients were enrolled for efficacy analysis since loss of efficacy evaluation in 3 cases after treatment.After a median follow-up of 21.3 months,the ORR was 97.1%(34/35),and the DCR and the tumor shrinkage rate were both 100%(35/35).The median PFS was 6.9 months(95%CI:4.6 m–9.2 m)and the median OS was 21.1 months(95%CI:12.1 m–30.1 m).The 12-month,18-month,and 24-month OS rates were 66.94%,51.39%and 38.54%.The occurrence rate of grade≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)was 63.2%(24/38),including neutrophil count decreased(31.6%,12/38),white blood cell count decreased(23.7%,9/38)and platelet count decreased(10.5%,4/38).No unexpected adverse events occurred.This novel four-drug regimen(surufatinib,toripalimab,etoposide plus cisplatin)revealed impressive therapeutic efficacy and tolerable toxicities.展开更多
The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signa...The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signaling pathway,which promotes cell proliferation,inhibits cell apoptosis,and ultimately contributes to the occurrence and development of cancer.BRAF mutations are widely present in various cancers,including malignant melanoma,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,and hairy cell leukemia,among others.BRAF is an important target for the treatment of various solid tumors,and targeted combination therapies,represented by BRAF inhibitors,have become one of the main treatment modalities for a variety of BRAF-mutation-positive solid tumors.展开更多
Hepatotoxicity is a common side effect for patients treated with gefitinib,but the related pathogenesis is unclear and lacks effective predictor and management strategies.A multi-omics approach integrating pharmacomet...Hepatotoxicity is a common side effect for patients treated with gefitinib,but the related pathogenesis is unclear and lacks effective predictor and management strategies.A multi-omics approach integrating pharmacometabolomics,pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics was employed in non-small cell lung cancer patients to identify the effective predictor for gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity and explore optional therapy substitution.Here,we found that patients with rs4946935 AA,located in Forkhead Box O3(FOXO3)which is a well-known autophagic regulator,had a higher risk of hepatotoxicity than those with the GA or GG variant(OR=18.020,95%CI=2.473 to 459.1784,P=0.018)in a gefitinib-concentration dependent pattern.Furthermore,functional experiments identified that rs4946935_A impaired the expression of FOXO3 by inhibiting the promotor activity,increasing the threshold of autophagy initiation and inhibiting the autophagic activity which contributed to gefitinib-induced liver injury.In contrast,erlotinib-induced liver injury was independent on the variant and expression levels of FOXO3.This study reveals that FOXO3 mutation,leading to autophagic imbalance,plays important role in gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity,especially for patients with high concentration of gefitinib.In conclusion,FOXO3 mutation is an effective predictor and erlotinib might be an appropriately and well-tolerated treatment option for patients carrying rs4946935 AA.展开更多
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Bone is a common metastatic site of lung cancer,about 50%of bone metastatic patients will experience skeletal related events(SREs).SREs not only seri...Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Bone is a common metastatic site of lung cancer,about 50%of bone metastatic patients will experience skeletal related events(SREs).SREs not only seriously impact the quality of life of patients,but also shorten their survival time.The treatment of bone metastasis requires multi-disciplinary therapy(MDT)and development of individualized treatment plan.In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer,the expert group of the MDT Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association has developed the expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis.展开更多
Dear Editor,Camrelizumab(SHR-1210)is a humanized monoclonal antibody(mAb)that binds to programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1).1 Since May 2019,camrelizumab has been successfully approved for the therapy of patients wit...Dear Editor,Camrelizumab(SHR-1210)is a humanized monoclonal antibody(mAb)that binds to programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1).1 Since May 2019,camrelizumab has been successfully approved for the therapy of patients with various malignancies.2 However,only a few studies have focused on the pharmacokinetics(PK).展开更多
Dear editor,Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,with the predominant pathological type being non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)[1,2].Next-gener-ation sequencing(NGS)analysis is increasing...Dear editor,Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,with the predominant pathological type being non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)[1,2].Next-gener-ation sequencing(NGS)analysis is increasingly used to help clinicians select appropriate target therapies,such as epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)for EGFR-mutant patients[3].Both pericarcinomatous tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes are widely used as normal control for NGS analysis.However,whether pericarcinomatous tissue is suitable for background filtering in mutation analysis remains controversial.According to the whole-genome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,there were some genomic variations in peri-carcinomatous tissue from NSCLC patients,but no driver gene mutation was detected[4,5].Therefore,deep sequencing of pericarcinomatous and tumor tissues is necessary to confirm whether pericarcinomatous tissue harbors low-frequency mutations.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.82072577)from the International Medical Association(Grant No.IMA-F-2025-001).
摘要As an emerging biomarker,tumor mutational burden(TMB)has attracted increasing attention from clinicians in predicting the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Currently,TMB is detected primarily by whole-exome sequencing or targeted panel sequencing on high-throughput sequencing platforms.However,the lack of uniformity in detection methods,threshold settings,and reporting formats,as well as the significant differences in TMB values among different cancer types,have hindered the standardized application of this biomarker in clinical practice.This consensus focuses on the definition,standardization of detection,clinical significance,and limitations of TMB,and provides consensus recommendations for the clinical application of TMB in real-world practice in China.This consensus is aimed at helping clinicians and laboratory personnel understand the clinical significance and testing standards of TMB,promoting more accurate interpretation of test results,and improving patient care.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52364047)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(No.20212BAB204026)the Program of Qingjiang Excellent Young Talents of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,China(No.JXUSTQJYX2020016).
摘要The endpoint timing of copper-converter blowing directly affects the quality of blister copper,furnace stability,and blowing efficiency.Therefore,enhancing the digitalization and intelligence levels of this process has significant practical importance.This study employed a deep learning algorithm that integrated a convolutional neural network(CNN)and graph attention network(GAT).It utilized CNNs to extract image features from the cooling samples of high-temperature melts.Subsequently,by fusing these image features with various production condition data and constraints through the GAT,a model was constructed to determine the best endpoint and predict the product composition.This model could predict the main elemental content of furnace products and estimate the required blowing time.A dataset comprising 5172 production parameters and images of high-temperature cooling samples from a furnace was established.The model was trained and validated using this dataset,and the results indicated that the model achieved endpoint judgment accuracies of 96.73%and 97.85%for the slag-making and copper-making periods,respectively,on the test set.The average prediction error for the composition across four cycles of copper-converter blowing was as low as 0.705wt%,and the average error in estimating the required blowing time was only 1.94 min.The results of this study provide new methods and insights for the development of intelligent endpoint judgment technologies for copper-converter blowing.
摘要Alterations in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor(MET)gene are critical drivers of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).In recent years advances in precision therapies targeting MET alterations have significantly expanded treatment options for NSCLC patients.These alterations include MET exon 14 skipping mutations(MET exon 14 skipping),MET gene amplifications,MET point mutations(primarily kinase domain mutations),and MET protein overexpression.Accurate identification of these alterations and appropriate selection of patient populations and targeted therapies are essential for improving clinical outcomes.The East China Lung Cancer Group,Youth Committee(ECLUNG YOUNG,Yangtze River Delta Lung Cancer Cooperation Group)has synthesized insights from China’s innovative drug development landscape and clinical practice to formulate an expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with MET alterations.This consensus addresses key areas,such as optimal testing timing,testing methods,testing strategies,quality control measures,and treatment approaches.By offering standardized recommendations,this guidance aims to streamline diagnostic and therapeutic processes and enhance clinical decision-making for NSCLC with MET alterations.
摘要Background:Bone metastases are common in patients with advanced cancer.Bisphosphonates(BPs) could prevent or delay the development of skeleton-related events(SREs).The present study aimed to identify the clinical features of and treatment strategies for Chinese patients with bone metastases.Methods:Consecutive cancer patients who had bone metastases and received BP treatment were enrolled.A questionnaire was developed to collect the patients' clinical data,as well as information on the diagnosis and management of bone metastases.Physicians' awareness of the guidelines and knowledge of the application of BP were also assessed.Results:A total of 3223 patients with lung cancer(36.5%),breast cancer(30.9%),prostate cancer(8.5%),and gastrointestinal cancer(5.7%) were included in this study.The sites of bone metastases were the thoracic spine(56.0%),lumbar spine(47.1%),ribs(32.6%),and pelvis(23.2%).The SRE frequency was the highest in patients with multiple myeloma(36.6%),followed by those with lung cancer(25.9%),breast cancer(20.2%),prostate cancer(18.2%),and gastrointestinal cancer(17.3%).Irradiation to the bone was the most frequent SRE(58%in lung cancer patients,45%in breast cancer patients,and 48%in prostate cancer patients).Our survey also showed that 45.5%of patients received BP within 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases,whereas the remaining 54.5%of patients did not receive BP treatment until at least 3 months after their diagnosis of bone metastases.The SRE frequency in the former group was significantly lower than that in the latter group(4.0%vs.42.3%,P < 0.05).In patients with more than 6 months of continuous BP treatment,the mean time to the first SRE was significantly longer than that in patients with less than 6 months of continuous BP treatment(7.2 vs.3.4 months,P < 0.05).In addition,12.2%of the physicians were not aware of the efficacy of BP in preventing and delaying SRE.Only half(52.3%) of the physicians agreed that the BP treatment should persist for at least 6 months unless it was intolerable.Conclusions:Our study suggested that prompt and persistent BP treatment was associated with a reduced risk of SREs.However,our survey also revealed that the proper application of BP was not as common as expected in China.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2022M723207)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2023KY666)+8 种基金Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Fund Project(grant number 2024ZL372)Qiantang Cross Fund Project(grant number 2023-16)the National Natural Science Foundation of China of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital Cultivation Project(grant number PY2023006)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2024KY812)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant number Q24H160110)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number NSFC82371851)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(Outstanding Young Scientists of Guizhou Province)(grant number Qiankeherencai-YQK(2023)021)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(grant number Qiankehejichu-ZK(2023)General 212)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province(grant number Qiankehechengguo-LC(2025)General 068).
摘要1(NUTM1)gene rearrangements(15q14).In 1991,two independent research teams reported NC cases characterized by the t(15;19)translo-cation.1,2 In vitro studies by French et al.3 led to the pivotal discovery of NC in 2003 as a distinct disease entity driven by the fusion of bromodo-main and extraterminal domain(BET)protein 4(BRD4)and NUTM1.In 2004,the World Health Organization(WHO)classified tumors with t(15;19)translocation as a thymic malignancy and designated it“NUT midline carcinoma,”due to its predominant occurrence in midline organs.4 However,subsequent reports revealed NC’s emergence in numerous nonmidline organs,leading to its reclassification as the independent entity“NUT carcinoma of the thorax”by the WHO in 2015.5 NC exhibits rapid progression and profound resistance to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(grant numbers:82173101 and 8237262)the Cancer Innovative Research Program of Sun Yat-sen University Can-cer Centerthe 308-Program for Clinical Research of Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.
摘要Background:Phenotypic transition is a common resistance mechanism of targeted therapy.While transformations from lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)to small-cell lung cancer or squamous-cell carcinoma have been extensively studied,the conversion into sarcomatoid carcinoma(SC)is rarely reported.Methods:Genetic and histological examinations were systematically performed on tumor re-biopsy samples ob-tained from patients with advanced EGFR-mutant LUAD who progressed on EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs).EGFR wild-type patients were also identified who underwent the rare transformation from adenocarci-noma to SC following the ineffectiveness of inhibitors that target distinct driver oncogenes.Furthermore,we also retrospectively collected 42 cases diagnosed with primary pulmonary SC as a comparison cohort to comprehen-sively characterize the biological events and clinical outcomes of transformed SC.Results:The sarcomatoid transformation mediated drug resistance in 2.5%and 4.8%of patients after failure on the first/second,and third-generation EGFR-TKIs.Transformation of sarcomatoid carcinoma is characterized by a higher frequency of TP53,RB1,and MET genetic alterations compared to cases lacking histological transforma-tion;the PI3K signaling pathway was also significantly activated.Fifteen individuals were identified with a rare transition from adenocarcinoma to SC,consisting of seven cases with EGFR-activating mutations and eight cases without EGFR mutations.All sarcomatoid-transformed samples not only retained their original driver mutations but also shared specific genetic alterations with primary LUAD.Moreover,transformed sarcomatoid carcinomas mimic the primary SC in terms of immunochemical and molecular features.Conclusions:The transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to SC is a resistance mechanism wildly applied to inhibitors targeting different driver oncogenes.Immunotherapy plus chemotherapy shows potential to benefit patients with sarcomatoid transformation and warrants further study in larger cohorts.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation Project of China(Grant No.82072558).
摘要Anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK)rearrangements are present in about 5–6%of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)cases and associated with increased risks of central nervous system(CNS)involvement.Envonalkib,a novel ALK inhibitor,demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity and safety in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC in the first-in-human phase I study.This phase III trial(ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04009317)investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line envonalkib in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC cases.Totally 264 participants were randomized 1:1 to receive envonalkib(n=131)or crizotinib(n=133).Median independent review committee(IRC)-assessed progression-free survival(PFS)times were 24.87(95%confidence interval[CI]:15.64–30.36)and 11.60(95%CI:8.28–13.73)months in the envonalkib and crizotinib groups,respectively(hazard ratio[HR]=0.47,95%CI:0.34–0.64,p<0.0001).IRC-assessed confirmed objective response rate(ORR)was higher(81.68%vs.70.68%,p=0.056)and duration of response was longer(median,25.79[95%CI,16.53–29.47]vs.11.14[95%CI,9.23–16.59]months,p=0.0003)in the envonalkib group compared with the crizotinib group.In participants with baseline brain target lesions,IRC-assessed CNS-ORR was improved with envonalkib compared with crizotinib(78.95%vs.23.81%).Overall survival(OS)data were immature,and median OS was not reached in either group(HR=0.84,95%CI:0.48–1.47,p=0.5741).The 12-month OS rates were 90.6%(95%CI,84.0%–94.5%)and 89.4%(95%CI,82.8%–93.6%)in the envonalkib and crizotinib groups,respectively.Grade≥3 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 55.73%and 42.86%of participants in the envonalkib and crizotinib groups,respectively.Envonalkib significantly improved PFS and delayed brain metastasis progression in advanced ALK-positive NSCLC.
基金sponsored by Qilu Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.The study was partly funded by the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.82241232,82272789,82173101 and 82373262).
摘要First-line chemoimmunotherapy(with or without bevacizumab)has improved outcomes in advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Here,this open-label,multi-cohort phase II study(NCT05329025)was done to investigate the safety and efficacy of QL1706(a single bifunctional MabPair product against PD-1 and CTLA-4)and chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in this population.Patients were enrolled into five different cohorts based on genotype(cohorts 1-4,epidermal growth factor receptor[EGFR]wild-type;cohort 5,EGFR-mutant and progressed on EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors[TKIs]).Between June 11,2021 and December 29,2021,91 patients were enrolled.Most frequent treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)included decreased appetite(60[65.9%]),anemia(60[65.9%]),infusion-related reactions(48[52.7%]),and pruritus(44[48.4%]).Grade≥3 TRAEs occurred in 30(33.0%)patients.Twenty-seven(45%)patients with wild-type EGFR achieved partial response(PR)(objective response rate[ORR]=45%)and had a median progression-free survival(mPFS)of 6.8 months(95%CI:5.2-9.7).For 31 patients harboring mutated EGFR,17(54.8%)achieved PR(ORR=54.8%),with an mPFS of 8.5 months(95%CI:5.72-not evaluable).Overall,QL1706 plus chemotherapy,regardless of having bevacizumab,was generally tolerable and had promising antitumor activity for EGFR wild-type advanced NSCLC in first-line setting.Moreover,QL1706 plus chemotherapy and bevacizumab showed favorable antitumor activity for patients who had EGFR mutated NSCLC but failed in TKI therapy,demonstrating a potential for treating this population.
基金This study was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Numbers:2016YFC0905500,2016YFC0905503)the 5010 Clinical Research Foundation of Sun Yat-sen University(Grant Number:2016001)and Hengrui Medicine Co.Ltd
摘要Background:Gefitinib,as the first epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKI)approved for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),has been proved to significantly improve the progression-free survival(PFS)in the first-line setting but suffers from resistance 7-10 months after treatment initia-tion.Apatinib(YN968D1),a potent vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)2-TKI,specifically binds to VEGFR2 and leads to anti-angiogenetic and anti-neoplastic effect.Concurrent inhibition of VEGFR and EGFR path-ways represents a rational approach to improve treatment responses and delay the onset of treatment resistance in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.This ACTIVE study aims to assess the combination of apatinib and gefitinib as a new treatment approach for EGFR-mutant NSCLC as a first-line setting.Methods:This multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled phase III study(NCT02824458)has been designed to assess the efficacy and safety of apatinib or placebo combined with gefitinib as a first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant advanced NSCLC.A total of 310 patients with EGFR-mutation(19del or 21L858R),pathological stage IIIB to IV non-squamous NSCLC were to be enrolled.The primary endpoint is investigator assessment of PFS,and the secondary endpoints include independent radiological central(IRC)-confirmed PFS,overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),time to progressive disease(TTPD),duration of response(DoR),quality of life(QoL)and safety.The patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive gefitinib(250 mg,p.o.q.d.)plus apatinib(500 mg,p.o.q.d.)or gefitinib plus placebo,given until disease progression or intolerable adverse events.Exploratory biomarker analysis will be performed.This study is being conducted across China and comprises of 30 participating centers.Enrollment commenced in August 2017 and finished in December 2018,most of the patients are in the follow-up period.Anticipated outcomes and significance:The present study will be the first to evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of the combination of apatinib plus gefitinib as a first-line therapy for patients with EGFR-positive advanced non-squamous NSCLC.Importantly,this trial will provide comprehensive evidence on the treatment of EGFR-TKIs combined with antiangiogenic therapy.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFA0110300,2017YFA0505600-04 to Q.L.)Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China(IRT_17R15 to Q.L.)+7 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(81630005,81573025 to Q.L.,81773166 to Z.W.,81702683 to J.X.,81972594 to M.Y.,81402445 to C.W.,81502579 to Z.H.)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2017A030313608 to Q.L,2018A0303130299,2020A1515010608 to M.Y.)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou(201804020044 to Q.L.)the Key Project of Liaoning Natural Science Funding of China(201702031 to Q.L.)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(I9ykpy187 to M.Y.).EW-FL's work is supported by MRC(MR/N012097/1)CRUK(Al 2011)Breast Cancer Now(2012MayPR070,2012NovPhD016)the Cancer Research UK Imperial Centre,Imperial ECMC,and NIHR Imperial BRC.
摘要Application of differentiation therapy targeting cellular plasticity for the treatment of solid malignancies has been lagging.Nasopharyngeal carci noma(NPC)is a distinctive cancer with poor differe ntiatio n and high prevalenee of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)infection.Here,we show that the expressi on of EBV latent protein LMP1 in duces dediffere ntiated and stem-like status with high plasticity through the transcriptional inhibition of CEBPA.Mechanistically,LMP1 upregulates STAT5A and recruits HDAC 1/2 to the CEBPA locus to reduce its histone acetylation.HDAC inhibition restored CEBPA expression,reversing cellular dedifferentiation and stem-like status in mouse xeno graft models.These fin dings provide a novel mecha nistic epigenetic-based in sight into virus-induced cellular plasticity and propose a promising concept of differentiation therapy in solid tumor by using HDAC inhibitors to target cellular plasticity.
基金Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.82173101,82373262,82241232,82272789,82102872,82102864)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A04J4082).
摘要There is still room for improvement in first-line treatment of advanced small cell lung cancer(SCLC).This trial firstly investigated efficacy and safety of antiangiogenic therapy(surufatinib)(200 mg,qd,po)plus anti-PD-1 treatment(toripalimab)(240 mg,d1,ivdrip)combined with etoposide(100 mg/m²,d1-d3,iv,drip)and cisplatin(25 mg/m²,d1-d3,ivdrip)for advanced SCLC as first-line treatment,which has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the identifier NCT04996771.The four-drug regimen was conducted q3w for 4 cycles with maintenance therapy of surufatinib and toripalimab.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS).The secondary end points included objective response rate(ORR),disease control rate(DCR),overall survival(OS)and safety.All of the 38 patients were enrolled for safety analysis,while only 35 patients were enrolled for efficacy analysis since loss of efficacy evaluation in 3 cases after treatment.After a median follow-up of 21.3 months,the ORR was 97.1%(34/35),and the DCR and the tumor shrinkage rate were both 100%(35/35).The median PFS was 6.9 months(95%CI:4.6 m–9.2 m)and the median OS was 21.1 months(95%CI:12.1 m–30.1 m).The 12-month,18-month,and 24-month OS rates were 66.94%,51.39%and 38.54%.The occurrence rate of grade≥3 treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)was 63.2%(24/38),including neutrophil count decreased(31.6%,12/38),white blood cell count decreased(23.7%,9/38)and platelet count decreased(10.5%,4/38).No unexpected adverse events occurred.This novel four-drug regimen(surufatinib,toripalimab,etoposide plus cisplatin)revealed impressive therapeutic efficacy and tolerable toxicities.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 82002456)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(grant number 2022M723207)+10 种基金the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2023KY666)Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science Fund Project(grant number 2024ZL372)Qiantang Cross Fund Project(grant number 2023-16)National Natural Science Foundation of China of Zhejiang Cancer Hospital Cultivation Project(grant number PY2023006)the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(grant number 2024KY812)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant number LQ24H160036)Beijing Health Technologies Promotion Program[grant number BHTPP2022041]Peking University Clinical Scientist Training Program and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number BMU2024PYJH010]Science Foundation of Peking University Cancer Hospital[grant number PY202333]the Beijing Natural Science Foundation[grant number 7232248]Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme[grant number QML20231902].
摘要The BRAF gene is an important signaling molecule in human cells that is involved in the regulation of cell growth,differentiation,and survival.When the BRAF gene mutates,it can lead to abnormal activation of the signaling pathway,which promotes cell proliferation,inhibits cell apoptosis,and ultimately contributes to the occurrence and development of cancer.BRAF mutations are widely present in various cancers,including malignant melanoma,thyroid cancer,colorectal cancer,non-small cell lung cancer,and hairy cell leukemia,among others.BRAF is an important target for the treatment of various solid tumors,and targeted combination therapies,represented by BRAF inhibitors,have become one of the main treatment modalities for a variety of BRAF-mutation-positive solid tumors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81973398, 81473283, 81730103, 81573507 and 82020108031)The National Key Research and Development Program (Grant Nos. 2017YFC0909300 and 2016YFC0905000, China)+4 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction Foundation (Grant No. 2017B030314030, China)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201607020031, China)National Engineering and Technology Research Center for New drug Druggability Evaluation (Seed Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2017B090903004, China)the 111 project (Grant: B16047, China)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2019M66324, 2020M683140 and 2020M683139)
摘要Hepatotoxicity is a common side effect for patients treated with gefitinib,but the related pathogenesis is unclear and lacks effective predictor and management strategies.A multi-omics approach integrating pharmacometabolomics,pharmacokinetics and pharmacogenomics was employed in non-small cell lung cancer patients to identify the effective predictor for gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity and explore optional therapy substitution.Here,we found that patients with rs4946935 AA,located in Forkhead Box O3(FOXO3)which is a well-known autophagic regulator,had a higher risk of hepatotoxicity than those with the GA or GG variant(OR=18.020,95%CI=2.473 to 459.1784,P=0.018)in a gefitinib-concentration dependent pattern.Furthermore,functional experiments identified that rs4946935_A impaired the expression of FOXO3 by inhibiting the promotor activity,increasing the threshold of autophagy initiation and inhibiting the autophagic activity which contributed to gefitinib-induced liver injury.In contrast,erlotinib-induced liver injury was independent on the variant and expression levels of FOXO3.This study reveals that FOXO3 mutation,leading to autophagic imbalance,plays important role in gefitinib-induced hepatotoxicity,especially for patients with high concentration of gefitinib.In conclusion,FOXO3 mutation is an effective predictor and erlotinib might be an appropriately and well-tolerated treatment option for patients carrying rs4946935 AA.
摘要Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.Bone is a common metastatic site of lung cancer,about 50%of bone metastatic patients will experience skeletal related events(SREs).SREs not only seriously impact the quality of life of patients,but also shorten their survival time.The treatment of bone metastasis requires multi-disciplinary therapy(MDT)and development of individualized treatment plan.In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer,the expert group of the MDT Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association has developed the expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer bone metastasis.
基金We thank all the patients for participating in this study.This research was supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation[2020A1515010020 for Y.M.,2018A0303130243 and 2020A1515011464 for H.Z.]the National Nature Science Foundation of China[82002409 for Y.M.,81872201 and 82073396 for H.Z.,81872499 for L.Z.,and 82072558 for Y.Y.].
摘要Dear Editor,Camrelizumab(SHR-1210)is a humanized monoclonal antibody(mAb)that binds to programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1).1 Since May 2019,camrelizumab has been successfully approved for the therapy of patients with various malignancies.2 However,only a few studies have focused on the pharmacokinetics(PK).
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0905500,2016YFC0905503)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(Grant No.2017B020227001,2016A020215084)+3 种基金Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(Grant No.201607020031,201400000001-2)Chinese National Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.81772476,81572659,81602011)Pearl River Nova Program of Guangzhou(Grant No.201610010048)National Natural Science Funds for Young Scholars of China(Grant No.81502355).
摘要Dear editor,Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide,with the predominant pathological type being non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)[1,2].Next-gener-ation sequencing(NGS)analysis is increasingly used to help clinicians select appropriate target therapies,such as epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors(EGFR-TKIs)for EGFR-mutant patients[3].Both pericarcinomatous tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes are widely used as normal control for NGS analysis.However,whether pericarcinomatous tissue is suitable for background filtering in mutation analysis remains controversial.According to the whole-genome sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)database,there were some genomic variations in peri-carcinomatous tissue from NSCLC patients,but no driver gene mutation was detected[4,5].Therefore,deep sequencing of pericarcinomatous and tumor tissues is necessary to confirm whether pericarcinomatous tissue harbors low-frequency mutations.