Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)influences several million people around the globe,with a high prevalence in North America and Europe.Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)influences several million people around the globe,with a high prevalence in North America and Europe.Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of IBD,and probiotics can significantly improve microflora dysbiosis and inflammatory response caused by intestinal pathogens.However,several limitations existed for the probiotics delivered to the intestine in the free form(non-encapsulated),such as low pH and diverse digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract,etc.To overcome the problems,several probiotic delivery systems were established and verified with effects.Here,the types and applications of probiotics in animal models and clinical studies are first reviewed in this paper.Subsequently,various types of probiotic delivery systems are elaborated,containing the well-known microcapsules and hydrogel delivery systems,and the engineered probiotic delivery systems are also introduced.Furthermore,mechanisms of action associated with probiotics are illustrated,including maintaining gut microbiota barrier balance,modulating the immune response,and alleviating oxidative stress,etc.Finally,we discussed the relative advantages and disadvantages of different encapsulation methods,as well as future trends for further development of probiotic delivery systems with health benefits.展开更多
The role of S-layer proteins(SLP),which form the outermost layer of cell walls in lactic acid bacteria(LAB),plays a crucial role in regulating immune-stimulating activity,thereby closely influencing LAB's ability ...The role of S-layer proteins(SLP),which form the outermost layer of cell walls in lactic acid bacteria(LAB),plays a crucial role in regulating immune-stimulating activity,thereby closely influencing LAB's ability to boost host immunity.In this study,the heterologous expression,purification,and characterization of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074-derived slpX protein and the molecular mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were investigated.Initially,the PCR results were shown to successfully clone the slpX DNA sequence by homologous recombination to obtain the pet-32a-slpX recombinant plasmid.SDS-PAGE results revealed that slpX protein with a molecular weight of 54 kDa was successfully obtained under 0.7 mmol/L IPTG-induced conditions,which was further demonstrated by Western blot(WB)and LC-MS/MS.ELISA,WB and molecular docking results indicated that slpX protein can inhibit LPS-induced cellular inflammatory responses by linking to TLR4 and MD2 via hydrogen bonding and increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6,NO)and ROS via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.The study is essential for the preparation of pure slpX protein and revealing its anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism.展开更多
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal purine metabolism,resulting in abnormally high serum uric acid.In this study,a novel Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables was verified ...Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal purine metabolism,resulting in abnormally high serum uric acid.In this study,a novel Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables was verified with the function of alleviating hyperuricemia.The relevant effects of L.brevis PDD-5 in lowering uric acid were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.The results showed that the L.brevis PDD-5 has(68.86±15.46)%of inosine uptake capacity and(95.75±3.30)%of guanosine uptake capacity in vitro.Oral administration of L.brevis PDD-5 to hyperuricemia rats reduced uric acid,creatinine,and urea nitrogen in serum,as well as decreased inosine and guanosine levels in the intestinal contents of rats.Analysis of relevant markers in the kidney by ELISA kits revealed that L.brevis PDD-5 alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation.Moreover,the gene expression of uric acid transporter 1(URAT1)and glucose transporter 9(GLUT9)was down-regulated,and the gene expression of organic anion transporter 1(OAT1)was up-regulated after treatment with L.brevis PDD-5.Western blot analysis showed that L.brevis PDD-5 alleviated hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury through the NLRP3 pathway.The se findings suggest that L.brevis PDD-5 can lower uric acid,repair kidney damage,and also has the potential to prevent uric acid nephropathy.展开更多
Litopenaeus vannamei suffers high mortality and quality deterioration during live transport due to stress.This study compared the survival performance of shrimp following gradient cold-induced dormancy(group D)with th...Litopenaeus vannamei suffers high mortality and quality deterioration during live transport due to stress.This study compared the survival performance of shrimp following gradient cold-induced dormancy(group D)with that of shrimp preserved using traditional ice-preservation(group T).At a density of 250-300 g/L and 11-13℃,group D achieved 100%survival within 12 h,and recovered autonomous swimming within 7 min postresuscitation.Compared to the fresh control(group F),the activities of immune-related enzymes,specifically lysozyme,alkaline phosphatase,and acid phosphatase in the hepatopancreas and muscle declined during dormancy,yet most rebounded upon recovery.Group D exhibited moderate suppression of glycolytic enzymes,including pyruvate kinase(PK)and phosphofructokinase(PFK).In contrast,group T exhibited glycogen deple-tion,lactate accumulation,and a metabolic shift from aerobic respiration,as indicated by decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity,toward anaerobic metabolism,evidenced by increased lactate dehydrogenase activity.Although group D showed transient deterioration in color,texture,and myofiber integrity,its post-resuscitation muscle quality was markedly superior to that of group T and comparable to fresh controls.Integrated multiomics analyses highlighted the co-enrichment of differentially expressed metabolites and genes in core path-ways involving carbohydrate,amino acid,and energy metabolism,alongside alterations in apoptosis,autophagy,and membrane transport.These observations suggest a potential coordinated hypometabolism-associated stress response,which may contribute to mitigating tissue damage and facilitating the recovery of muscle structure.Collectively,these findings provide a theoretical basis for developing live transport technologies utilizing gradient cold-induced dormancy.展开更多
It is well-established that probiotics have beneficial effects on both obesity and associated chronic diseases.Postbiotics similarly regulate lipid metabolism,offering potential as a novel strategy for obesity treatme...It is well-established that probiotics have beneficial effects on both obesity and associated chronic diseases.Postbiotics similarly regulate lipid metabolism,offering potential as a novel strategy for obesity treatment.This research sought to elucidate and compare the effects and underlying mechanisms of viable Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56(VLP)and its derived postbiotics,including heat-inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56(DLP)and surface proteins(SPs),in modulating obesity and colonic immune disorders induced by a high-fat diet(HFD).The results showed that VLP-derived postbiotics significantly reduced body weight and improved blood lipid profiles by lowering serum triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Furthermore,VLP and SPs effectively inhibited the expression of CCATT enhancer binding protein-α(CEBP-α),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ),and fatty acid synthase(FAS),thereby reducing fat synthesis and improving lipid metabolism.In addition,they also enhanced antioxidant capacity by increasing superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities,while reducing malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the liver,thus alleviating liver lipid accumulation and damage induced by HFD.Notably,VLP-derived postbiotics also improved intestinal barrier function and alleviated intestinal inflammation through the inhibition of key proteins involved in the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways.In contrast,VLP with SPs removed(RLP)exhibited weaker effects,potentially due to the absence of SPs,which may hinder their adhesion to the gut.Moreover,gavage with SPs significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae in the gut and alleviated dysbiosis.These findings underscore the practical and theoretical importance of VLP-derived postbiotics in developing innovative functional foods designed to combat obesity.展开更多
Natural microbial supplements with alleviation of aquacultural eutrophication and white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)quality maintenance were in high demand.Herein,self-screened composite microecological agents(EG)cont...Natural microbial supplements with alleviation of aquacultural eutrophication and white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)quality maintenance were in high demand.Herein,self-screened composite microecological agents(EG)containing Limosilactobacillus fermentum RC4 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B6(2:1,109CFU/g feed)were proposed.The EG excelled in improving aquaculture environment,growth performance,antioxidant capacity and muscle quality,against commercial lactic acid bacteria(LAB)group(CG)and basal feed group(CK).By eliminating nitrite and ammonia nitrogen and inhibiting Vibrio,shrimp growth and survival rate witnessed larger increments for the EG group.Immunity evaluation showed that the activities ofα-amylase and lipase in EG-treated intestine were elevated by 57.14%and 43.58%,respectively,accompanied by 26.87%and 17.63%increases in serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.Hardness and gumminess were notably elevated by 83.7%and 114.0%,respectively,supported by enhanced sensory scores.Shrimp in the EG group also exhibited intact intestinal morphology with well-arranged microvilli.Furthermore,probiotic-mediated microbial restructuring was characterized by enriched beneficial bacteria(Bdellovibrionota,Lactobacillales)and diminished pathogenic Vibrio.Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that LAB promoted shrimp growth by regulating amino acid metabolism,protein digestion and absorption,modulating the abundance of related metabolites and gene expression.This study revealed the mechanistic basis of composite LAB in the mediation of shrimp growth,offering practical strategies for developing targeted microbial interventions to potentiate sustainable aquaculture systems.展开更多
This study developed low-molecular-weight bovine lactoferrin hydrolysates(bLFH-L)using a specific sequential dual-enzymatic process,aiming to create a functional ingredient for protection against colitis.The bLFH-L ex...This study developed low-molecular-weight bovine lactoferrin hydrolysates(bLFH-L)using a specific sequential dual-enzymatic process,aiming to create a functional ingredient for protection against colitis.The bLFH-L exhibited significant in vitro antioxidant capacity and suppressed NF-κB-mediated inflammation.In a murine dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis model,oral bLFH-L(300 mg/kg/day)administration markedly attenuated disease severity,reduced intestinal inflammation,enhanced host antioxidant defenses,and importantly,restored gut barrier integrity.Furthermore,16S rRNA sequencing revealed that bLFH-L beneficially modulated the gut microbiota,decreasing Escherichia-Shigella while enriching Lactobacillus and Bacteroides,and normalizing Akkermansia levels.Notably,specific microbial shifts correlated with improved host gene expression related to barrier function,anti-inflammatory responses and antioxidant defense,indicating beneficial microbiota-host interactions.These findings establish that bLFH-L,generated via this tailored enzymatic approach,acts as a multi-target ingredient exerts protective effects against colitis through synergistic antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,barrier-fortifying mechanisms,and favorable microbiota modulation,highlighting its potential as a promising functional food ingredient for the prevention and management of intestinal inflammation.展开更多
Low yield is a significant bottleneck preventing widespread application of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria(LAB).Co-culturing different species of LAB is an effective strategy to enhance bacteriocin production.T...Low yield is a significant bottleneck preventing widespread application of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria(LAB).Co-culturing different species of LAB is an effective strategy to enhance bacteriocin production.This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying this enhancement,focusing on the metabolic pathways involved and identifying effector metabolites that improve the yield of bacteriocins from LAB.The results indicated that bacteriocin production was highest when Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZY-1 was co-cultured with Limosilactobacillus fermentum RC4 at a seed liquid age of 16 h.Metabolomic analysis of co-cultured and separately cultured LAB revealed 984 significantly differentially abundant metabolites,including organic acids,lipids,amino acids,and vitamins.The primary metabolic pathways involved were amino acid metabolism,ABC transporters,and purine metabolism.Co-culture enhanced the synthesis of metabolites including ascorbic acid,N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid,butyryl trihexyl citrate,N-acetyl aspartate,and L-gulonolactone,as demonstrated through metabolic analysis and validation experiments.Compared to the control group,the addition of a mixture containing 0.2%ascorbic acid,0.2% N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid,0.1%butyryl trihexyl citrate,0.1% N-acetyl aspartic acid,and 0.3% L-gulonolactone to the co-culture system demonstrated a 1.9-fold enhancement in the inhibition zone diameter.Similarly,a combination of 0.3%ascorbic acid,0.3% butyryl trihexyl citrate,0.1% N-acetyl aspartate,and 0.1%L-gulonolactone achieved a 2.1-fold amplification in bacteriostatic activity within the monoculture system.This is the first report on the mechanism of enhancing bacteriocin production via co-culture of different LAB species.Furthermore,a strategy to augment bacteriocin production was developed by adding key metabolites to monocultured and co-cultured LAB.展开更多
With the advancements in the aquaculture industry,research on live transportation technologies has become increasingly vital.Here,we examined the effects of eugenol–tricaine composite anesthesia conditions on Chinese...With the advancements in the aquaculture industry,research on live transportation technologies has become increasingly vital.Here,we examined the effects of eugenol–tricaine composite anesthesia conditions on Chinese mitten crab survival rates and employed untargeted metabolomic analysis to explore metabolic changes and mechanisms underlying anesthetic action.The optimal transport parameters,identified through response surface methodology(RSM),were temperature=20.21℃,anesthetic concentration=158.28 mg/L,and a eugenol-totricaine ratio of 2:1.Under these conditions,serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels of the crabs reached 91.67% of the predicted value,and their survival rates increased from 50.34%to 72.23%.Metabolomic analysis revealed that composite anesthesia significantly upregulated tryptophan and glycerophospholipid metabolism,along with enhancing biotin and choline metabolism,in muscle and hepatopancreatic tissues of the crabs.We noted that through serotonin and kynurenine pathways,tryptophan metabolism modulates neurotransmitter levels and immune function,thus reducing stress responses.Moreover,glycerophospholipid metabolism boosts cellular stability and energy balance by affecting signaling pathways,enhancing antioxidant capacity,and minimizing protein degradation.Increases in serum superoxide dismutase levels,along with decreases in serum total volatile basic nitrogen and cortisol levels,supported these findings.Biotin,a coenzyme essential in amino and fatty acid syntheses,mediates interactions between tryptophan and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways.In conclusion,composite anesthesia could improve Chinese mitten crab survival during transportation by modulating key metabolic pathways.Therefore,our study provides valuable insights for optimizing aquaculture practices.展开更多
Sustained intake of ACE inhibitory peptides derived from dietary proteins contributes to the prevention of hypertension.Peptide Arg-Leu-Ser-Asn-Pro(RLSFNP)obtained by fermentation of yogurt with Lactobacillus helvetic...Sustained intake of ACE inhibitory peptides derived from dietary proteins contributes to the prevention of hypertension.Peptide Arg-Leu-Ser-Asn-Pro(RLSFNP)obtained by fermentation of yogurt with Lactobacillus helveticus LB10 has been found to have ACE inhibitory capability in vitro.This study aimed to explore the effects and regulatory mechanisms of ACE inhibitory peptide RLSFNP on hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats(SHRs).According to the experimental results,when ACE inhibitory peptide was administered orally at different dose levels(60,30,and 15 mg/kg BW),the systolic blood pressure of SHRs was markedly reduced.Specifically,SHR blood pressure was reduced by(21.8±1.3 mmHg)in the mid-dose group in the short-term trial.By assaying ACE content in serum and tissues,RLSFNP can rebalance the reninangiotensin system(RAS)signaling,thereby controlling blood pressure.In addition,analysis of reactive oxygen species(ROS)-related factors revealed that long-term gavage of the ACE inhibitory peptide RLSFNP affected the release of endothelial cytokines to a certain extent and effectively reduced the production of malondialdehyde(MDA).In further experiments,the ACE inhibitor RLSFNP had a potassium-preserving effect and significantly reduced the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and total cholesterol.16S rRNA results showed that the abundances of f-Ruminococcaceae-unclassified,f-Lachnospiraceae-unclassified,and Corynebacterium were increased by the ACE inhibitor RLSFNP in the group with the intervention of RLSFNP.There was a notable increase in specific flora in the high-dose group with Bacteroides,f-Muribaculaceae,and Ruminococcus-1.In conclusion,the ACE inhibitory peptide RLSFNP improves the renal RAS and ROS and modulates gut microbiota homeostasis,renal tissue damage,and lung injury.These findings give a solid scientific foundation for the use of whey protein-derived ACE inhibitory peptide,RLSFNP,as a potential functional food.展开更多
Pickled and dried mustard often call Meigancai in Chinese is a crucial fermented vegetable made from mustard or cabbages and hold a significant cultural and economic importance in Zhejiang province(China).Due to this ...Pickled and dried mustard often call Meigancai in Chinese is a crucial fermented vegetable made from mustard or cabbages and hold a significant cultural and economic importance in Zhejiang province(China).Due to this fermentation process,understanding how the microbial composition impact on the safety,nutrition,and flavor is essential for optimizing production processes and ensuring high-quality safe products.Thus this study aimed to investigate the bacterial composition,safety parameter,nutritional composition and volatile flavor compounds(VFCs)of Meigancai from all 16 cities in Zhejiang province,China.Using 16S rRNA sequencing,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified as the predominant bacteria phyla with 56.25%and 20.80%respectively of all species.The primary genus species were determined to be Chloroplast,Methyloversatilis,Pseudomonas,Lactobacillus,Ralstonia,Mitochondria,Weissella,Staphylococcus,and Bacillus,with Methyloversatilis(17.15%)and Pseudomonas(15.06%)being the most abundant.The chemical analysis revealed a nitrite index analysis percentage below the national standard limit.And the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)identified a total of 160 fatty acids and 449 VFCs,predominantly alcohols,fatty acids,and esters,with significant amounts of aldehydes,ketones,alkylbenzenes,alkanes,phenols,and sulfides.The correlation analysis revealed strong association between the main bacteria communities notably Methyloversatilis significant positive correlations with 13 VFCs,while Pseudomonas is positively correlated with 15 VFCs.Additionally,Staphylococcus,a less abundant genus,exhibited positive correlations with five of the six measured safety indexes.Correlation analysis in Meigancai could be used for starter screening strains that could contribute to the enzymatic activity and flavor attributes but also the production of lactic acid.展开更多
Autoinducer-2(AI-2)serves as a signaling molecule in the luxS/AI-2 quorum sensing(QS)system of lactic acid bacteria(LAB).However,there is currently a lack of rapid and accurate method for the quantitative and qualitat...Autoinducer-2(AI-2)serves as a signaling molecule in the luxS/AI-2 quorum sensing(QS)system of lactic acid bacteria(LAB).However,there is currently a lack of rapid and accurate method for the quantitative and qualitative detection of AI-2 in LAB.In this study,a cost-effective,rapid,and accurate method was developed,involving the derivatization of AI-2 using 2,3-diaminonaphthalene(DAN),followed by detection via highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)without the need for external detectors.The results demonstrated that the derivatization process required 40 min,while the HPLC analysis took 24 min.The method exhibited a linear detection range of 250–8000 ng/mL,with a fitting equation of Y=0.2437X+26.8111(R2=0.9991),and the limit of detection(LOD)is 26.10 ng/mL,indicating high accuracy and precision.Furthermore,the method was successfully applied to five different Lactobacillus broth medium and fermented milk systems,demonstrating its ability to resist interference from complex components in these matrices and to reproducibly and accurately detect AI-2.This study provides an excellent technology for rapid quantification of AI-2 in LAB and fermented milk.展开更多
Significant research has been conducted on using natural plant-based homogenates(NPBH)as additives to improve the quality of yogurt.This paper reviews the effects,mechanisms,and research methods of NPBH as additives t...Significant research has been conducted on using natural plant-based homogenates(NPBH)as additives to improve the quality of yogurt.This paper reviews the effects,mechanisms,and research methods of NPBH as additives to the probiotic content,texture,flavor,and nutritional value of yogurt.The mechanisms by which NPBH promotes the growth of lactic acid bacteria are reviewed,including nutrients in the homogenates,a suitable buffering environment,and the metabolic production of probiotics.Fructose,pectin,dietary fiber,protein,and polysaccharides are the primary influences on the yogurt texture.The aromatic precursors contained in NPBH,their contribution to yogurt flavor,and the health benefits of yogurt nutritional fortification are detailed.In the future,priority could be given to adding Chinese herbs(like wolfberry,saffron,and Rhodiola)with preventing alcoholic liver,anti-aging,blood pressure reduction,and other disease treatment or prevention functions to the yogurt to achieve a win-win situation.In addition,research on the function of NPBH yogurt should focus on the clinical implications.展开更多
In this study,the safety of Levilactobacillus brevis CGMCC1.5954 was evaluated,which has probiotic properties,through both in vitro methods such as antibiotic susceptibility testing,biogenic amine testing,and virulenc...In this study,the safety of Levilactobacillus brevis CGMCC1.5954 was evaluated,which has probiotic properties,through both in vitro methods such as antibiotic susceptibility testing,biogenic amine testing,and virulence gene analysis,and in vivo methods including biochemical testing,routine blood index testing,and bacterial displacement capacity analysis.The results of HPLC analysis revealed that during incubation,L.brevis CGMCC1.5954 did not secrete cadaverine,histamine,putrescine,or tyramine.It exhibited sensitivity to tetra-cyclines,macrolides,cephalosporins,β-lactamase inhibitor complex,and other antibiotics,but not to amino-glycosides and quinolones,which is consistent with the behavior of other lactic acid bacteria.Its genome encodes a total of 2314 genes,including 1743 proteins and 109 signal peptides.Notably,no virulence genes were found in this genome.Additionally,the gene encoding the production ofγ-aminobutyric acid was found in it.In vivo experiments indicated that gavage feeding of L.brevis CGMCC1.5954 for 28 d had no significant effect on normal growth,blood hemoglobin level,erythrocytes,white blood cells,and other routine blood parameters in mice.Furthermore,there was no migration of it observed in the liver,kidney,spleen,or blood during the feeding trial,which indicated that it did not cause any infections.Moreover,H&E staining showed no evidence of lesion damage to the liver,kidney,or other organs.To sum up,L.brevis CGMCC1.5954 is considered safe for producing fermented foods,especially those that contain high levels ofγ-aminobutyric acid.展开更多
The survival ability of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)in the gastrointestinal tract is low,and the mechanism of LAB resistance to the gastrointestinal tract’s harsh environment is unclear.Therefore,this study used simulat...The survival ability of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)in the gastrointestinal tract is low,and the mechanism of LAB resistance to the gastrointestinal tract’s harsh environment is unclear.Therefore,this study used simulated gastrointestinal juices in vitro and transcriptomics approaches to identify proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074 that can enhance the strain’s tolerance to gastrointestinal juices and verify the function of the target proteins.The results showed that the survival rate of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074 was 79.24%after 6 h of in vitro intestinal juice treatment,and there were 10 genes coding proteins with significant changes in expression,among which S-layer protein gene slpX was significantly up-regulated.After overexpression of the slpX gene,the survival rate of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074 was 94.35%after 6 h of in vitro intestinal juice tolerance.In conclusion,the SlpX protein plays a crucial role under the simulated intestinal juice condition of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074.This study provides a basis for a deeper understanding of the survival mechanisms of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the gastrointestinal tract.展开更多
The PlnC encoded by plnC is an essential response regulator in Plantaricin biosynthesis well-studied in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.Since the known effects of plnC are not exhaustive,it is crucial to perfect a preci...The PlnC encoded by plnC is an essential response regulator in Plantaricin biosynthesis well-studied in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.Since the known effects of plnC are not exhaustive,it is crucial to perfect a precise regulatory mechanism for plnC.Overexpression of plnC was found to transiently reduce bacterial activity during the logarithmic growth phase,however,it significantly increased the expression levels of bacteriocin genes within the pln locus by 1.45-2.35 times.After 16 h of incubation,the overexpression of plnC significantly increased the diameter of the inhibition zone from 10.89±0.36 mm to 12.29±0.33 mm,indicating a notable enhancement in bacteriocin activity(P<0.05).The proteomic analysis further revealed that plnC affected multiple carbohydrate metabolic pathways,QS and HIF-1 signaling pathways,IMP/UMP biosynthesis,and ribosomal proteins,which resulted in promoting the synthesis of nucleotide precursors and exopolysaccharides,and accelerating ribosome translation rate.And the up-regulated synthesis of long-chain acyl-CoA is an important component that may inhibit PlnD(an inhibitory regulator opposite PlnC)during Plantaricin biosynthesis.These offer a critical basis for forward Plantaricin research and application.展开更多
Insect midgut plays a central role in food digestion and nutrition absorption.Larval silkworm midgut could be divided into 3 distinct regions based on their morphological colors.However,it remains rudimentary of regio...Insect midgut plays a central role in food digestion and nutrition absorption.Larval silkworm midgut could be divided into 3 distinct regions based on their morphological colors.However,it remains rudimentary of regional gene expression and physiological function in larval silkworm midgut.Through transcriptome sequencing of 3 midgut compartments,a comprehensive analysis of gene expression atlas along the anterior–posterior axis was conducted.Posterior midgut was found transcriptionally divergent from anterior and middle midgut.Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed the regional specialization of digestive enzyme production,transmembrane transport,chitin metabolism,and hormone regulation in different midgut regions.In addition,gene subsets of pan-midgut and region-specific transcription factors(TFs)along the length of midgut were also identified.The results suggested that homeobox TFs might play an essential role in transcriptional variations across the midgut.Altogether,our study provided the first fundamental resource to investigate physiological function and regulation mechanism in larval midgut compartmentalization.展开更多
Food-derived cholesterol-lowering peptides have the practical benefit of inhibiting lipid absorption and regu-lating systemic cholesterol homeostasis.This work aimed to explore the antihyperlipidemia function of milk ...Food-derived cholesterol-lowering peptides have the practical benefit of inhibiting lipid absorption and regu-lating systemic cholesterol homeostasis.This work aimed to explore the antihyperlipidemia function of milk casein-derived peptides Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu(LQPE),Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Gln(VLPVPQ),and Val-Ala-Pro-Phe-Pro-Glu(VAPFPE)and investigated whether the function of these peptides affected the gut microbiome.Accord-ing to the experimental findings,lipid metabolism disorder in hyperlipidemia mice was improved to various degrees by all three peptides,which dramatically lowered the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and triglyceride(TG)in the serum and inhibited the buildup of lipids in the liver and the development of steatosis.VAPFPE was found to reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption and the formation of cholesterol esters by inhibiting hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α(HNF4α),niemann-pick C1-like 1(NPC1L1),and acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2(ACAT2)expression and increase intestinal cholesterol efflux through up-regulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter G8(ABCG8).VAPFPE also maintained cholesterol homeostasis by up-regulating liver low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDL-R)expression.The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that all three pep-tides improve the gut microbial composition,and VAPFPE specifically encouraged a rise in the proportional abundance of Bifidobacterium.The results shed light on the potential applications of bioactive peptides as functional health foods for lowering cholesterol.展开更多
Food-derived antioxidant peptides have been shown to have beneficial effects in scavenging excess free radicals.In this study,a novel multifunctional LPxTG-motif protein LPxT-GYLEQ was synthesized,and its molecular me...Food-derived antioxidant peptides have been shown to have beneficial effects in scavenging excess free radicals.In this study,a novel multifunctional LPxTG-motif protein LPxT-GYLEQ was synthesized,and its molecular mechanism of alleviating cognitive impairment in a D-galactose(D-gal)-induced aging mice model was also investigated.The results confirmed the antioxidant effects of the LPxT-GYLEQ protein,which could scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)in aging mice by regulating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/p38/Nuclear factor-k-gene binding(NF-κB)signal pathway,reduced the accumulation ofβ-amyloid protein(Aβ),restored the cognitive ability of mice,improved learning and memory behavior,effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory-related factors,including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10).These may be related to the fact that the protein regulates the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as intestinal Akkermansia Muciniphila(Akk).All results suggest that the synthetic LPxT-GYLEQ protein may improve cognitive impairment and be a promising candidate for an anti-aging agent.展开更多
Nitrite(NIT)can be degraded by lactic acid bacteria(LAB)via three pathways,including reduction by nitrite reductase(NiR),acid,and certain metabolites,where enzymatic degradation is the dominant form.This review discus...Nitrite(NIT)can be degraded by lactic acid bacteria(LAB)via three pathways,including reduction by nitrite reductase(NiR),acid,and certain metabolites,where enzymatic degradation is the dominant form.This review discusses the classification,structure,and related genes of NiR,as well as the process of NIT degradation,the influencing factors,and the main applications in food and the environment.NiRs are classified into four categories,namely,copper-type reductases(CuNiRs),cytochrome cd1-type reductases(cd1NiRs),iron redox-dependent reductases(FdNiRs),and polyhemoglobin c reductases(ccNiRs).NIT via the nirKirS genes encoding CuNiRs/cd1NiRs reduces residual NIT from natural and anthropogenic activities to nitric oxide(NO).CuNiRs and cd1NiRs can accept extracellular NO3-and bind to the enzyme-activated intracellular receptor proteins for further degradation to NO2are affected by various internal and external factors,such as structural sites and pH.NiR generated from LAB has extensive applications mainly in the food industry and environment,which will be beneficial to promote low-nitrification life and maintain the ecological environment,having a good application prospect.展开更多
基金supported by the 2022 Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme(Young Talent Sub-Project 2022A-158-G)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LQ23C200005)the Research Startup Fund of Ningbo University(ZX2022000432).
摘要Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)influences several million people around the globe,with a high prevalence in North America and Europe.Results from the studies about host-gut microbial interactions demonstrated that gut microbiota plays a critical role in the progression of IBD,and probiotics can significantly improve microflora dysbiosis and inflammatory response caused by intestinal pathogens.However,several limitations existed for the probiotics delivered to the intestine in the free form(non-encapsulated),such as low pH and diverse digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract,etc.To overcome the problems,several probiotic delivery systems were established and verified with effects.Here,the types and applications of probiotics in animal models and clinical studies are first reviewed in this paper.Subsequently,various types of probiotic delivery systems are elaborated,containing the well-known microcapsules and hydrogel delivery systems,and the engineered probiotic delivery systems are also introduced.Furthermore,mechanisms of action associated with probiotics are illustrated,including maintaining gut microbiota barrier balance,modulating the immune response,and alleviating oxidative stress,etc.Finally,we discussed the relative advantages and disadvantages of different encapsulation methods,as well as future trends for further development of probiotic delivery systems with health benefits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272339)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100104)。
摘要The role of S-layer proteins(SLP),which form the outermost layer of cell walls in lactic acid bacteria(LAB),plays a crucial role in regulating immune-stimulating activity,thereby closely influencing LAB's ability to boost host immunity.In this study,the heterologous expression,purification,and characterization of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074-derived slpX protein and the molecular mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were investigated.Initially,the PCR results were shown to successfully clone the slpX DNA sequence by homologous recombination to obtain the pet-32a-slpX recombinant plasmid.SDS-PAGE results revealed that slpX protein with a molecular weight of 54 kDa was successfully obtained under 0.7 mmol/L IPTG-induced conditions,which was further demonstrated by Western blot(WB)and LC-MS/MS.ELISA,WB and molecular docking results indicated that slpX protein can inhibit LPS-induced cellular inflammatory responses by linking to TLR4 and MD2 via hydrogen bonding and increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 and decreasing the levels of inflammatory factors(TNF-α,IL-6,NO)and ROS via MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.The study is essential for the preparation of pure slpX protein and revealing its anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972048,32272339)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100104)for financial support。
摘要Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal purine metabolism,resulting in abnormally high serum uric acid.In this study,a novel Levilactobacillus brevis PDD-5 isolated from salty vegetables was verified with the function of alleviating hyperuricemia.The relevant effects of L.brevis PDD-5 in lowering uric acid were analyzed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.The results showed that the L.brevis PDD-5 has(68.86±15.46)%of inosine uptake capacity and(95.75±3.30)%of guanosine uptake capacity in vitro.Oral administration of L.brevis PDD-5 to hyperuricemia rats reduced uric acid,creatinine,and urea nitrogen in serum,as well as decreased inosine and guanosine levels in the intestinal contents of rats.Analysis of relevant markers in the kidney by ELISA kits revealed that L.brevis PDD-5 alleviated oxidative stress and inflammation.Moreover,the gene expression of uric acid transporter 1(URAT1)and glucose transporter 9(GLUT9)was down-regulated,and the gene expression of organic anion transporter 1(OAT1)was up-regulated after treatment with L.brevis PDD-5.Western blot analysis showed that L.brevis PDD-5 alleviated hyperuricemia-induced kidney injury through the NLRP3 pathway.The se findings suggest that L.brevis PDD-5 can lower uric acid,repair kidney damage,and also has the potential to prevent uric acid nephropathy.
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100603,2022YFD2100600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472357,32072195)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(LR23C200001)the Projects of Bureau of Science and Technology of Ningbo City(2024S128,2024J014).
摘要Litopenaeus vannamei suffers high mortality and quality deterioration during live transport due to stress.This study compared the survival performance of shrimp following gradient cold-induced dormancy(group D)with that of shrimp preserved using traditional ice-preservation(group T).At a density of 250-300 g/L and 11-13℃,group D achieved 100%survival within 12 h,and recovered autonomous swimming within 7 min postresuscitation.Compared to the fresh control(group F),the activities of immune-related enzymes,specifically lysozyme,alkaline phosphatase,and acid phosphatase in the hepatopancreas and muscle declined during dormancy,yet most rebounded upon recovery.Group D exhibited moderate suppression of glycolytic enzymes,including pyruvate kinase(PK)and phosphofructokinase(PFK).In contrast,group T exhibited glycogen deple-tion,lactate accumulation,and a metabolic shift from aerobic respiration,as indicated by decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity,toward anaerobic metabolism,evidenced by increased lactate dehydrogenase activity.Although group D showed transient deterioration in color,texture,and myofiber integrity,its post-resuscitation muscle quality was markedly superior to that of group T and comparable to fresh controls.Integrated multiomics analyses highlighted the co-enrichment of differentially expressed metabolites and genes in core path-ways involving carbohydrate,amino acid,and energy metabolism,alongside alterations in apoptosis,autophagy,and membrane transport.These observations suggest a potential coordinated hypometabolism-associated stress response,which may contribute to mitigating tissue damage and facilitating the recovery of muscle structure.Collectively,these findings provide a theoretical basis for developing live transport technologies utilizing gradient cold-induced dormancy.
基金financially supported by the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Popularization Project in Jiangsu Province,China(LYKJ[2022]12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372355)+2 种基金the Food Science and Technology Fund from the China Society of Food Science and Technology(2021-Y07)the State Key Laboratory Program(2021DG700024-KF202424)National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(No.2023-JSGG-15).
摘要It is well-established that probiotics have beneficial effects on both obesity and associated chronic diseases.Postbiotics similarly regulate lipid metabolism,offering potential as a novel strategy for obesity treatment.This research sought to elucidate and compare the effects and underlying mechanisms of viable Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56(VLP)and its derived postbiotics,including heat-inactivated Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56(DLP)and surface proteins(SPs),in modulating obesity and colonic immune disorders induced by a high-fat diet(HFD).The results showed that VLP-derived postbiotics significantly reduced body weight and improved blood lipid profiles by lowering serum triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).Furthermore,VLP and SPs effectively inhibited the expression of CCATT enhancer binding protein-α(CEBP-α),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-γ),and fatty acid synthase(FAS),thereby reducing fat synthesis and improving lipid metabolism.In addition,they also enhanced antioxidant capacity by increasing superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities,while reducing malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the liver,thus alleviating liver lipid accumulation and damage induced by HFD.Notably,VLP-derived postbiotics also improved intestinal barrier function and alleviated intestinal inflammation through the inhibition of key proteins involved in the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways.In contrast,VLP with SPs removed(RLP)exhibited weaker effects,potentially due to the absence of SPs,which may hinder their adhesion to the gut.Moreover,gavage with SPs significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and norank_f_Ruminococcaceae in the gut and alleviated dysbiosis.These findings underscore the practical and theoretical importance of VLP-derived postbiotics in developing innovative functional foods designed to combat obesity.
基金support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100603,2022YFD2100600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472357,32072195)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(LR23C200001)the Projects of Bureau of Science and Technology of Ningbo City(2024S128,2024J014).
摘要Natural microbial supplements with alleviation of aquacultural eutrophication and white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)quality maintenance were in high demand.Herein,self-screened composite microecological agents(EG)containing Limosilactobacillus fermentum RC4 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum B6(2:1,109CFU/g feed)were proposed.The EG excelled in improving aquaculture environment,growth performance,antioxidant capacity and muscle quality,against commercial lactic acid bacteria(LAB)group(CG)and basal feed group(CK).By eliminating nitrite and ammonia nitrogen and inhibiting Vibrio,shrimp growth and survival rate witnessed larger increments for the EG group.Immunity evaluation showed that the activities ofα-amylase and lipase in EG-treated intestine were elevated by 57.14%and 43.58%,respectively,accompanied by 26.87%and 17.63%increases in serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.Hardness and gumminess were notably elevated by 83.7%and 114.0%,respectively,supported by enhanced sensory scores.Shrimp in the EG group also exhibited intact intestinal morphology with well-arranged microvilli.Furthermore,probiotic-mediated microbial restructuring was characterized by enriched beneficial bacteria(Bdellovibrionota,Lactobacillales)and diminished pathogenic Vibrio.Metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that LAB promoted shrimp growth by regulating amino acid metabolism,protein digestion and absorption,modulating the abundance of related metabolites and gene expression.This study revealed the mechanistic basis of composite LAB in the mediation of shrimp growth,offering practical strategies for developing targeted microbial interventions to potentiate sustainable aquaculture systems.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number LQ23C200005)the Cross-Inno-vation Open Project of Food Flavor and Health,Beijing Technology&Business University(Grant Number FFHCI-2025002)+1 种基金the 2022 Ningbo Yongjiang Talent Introduction Programme(Young talent sub-project,2022A-158-G)the Student Research and Innovation Program of Ningbo University(Grant numbers:2025SRIP3603).
摘要This study developed low-molecular-weight bovine lactoferrin hydrolysates(bLFH-L)using a specific sequential dual-enzymatic process,aiming to create a functional ingredient for protection against colitis.The bLFH-L exhibited significant in vitro antioxidant capacity and suppressed NF-κB-mediated inflammation.In a murine dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis model,oral bLFH-L(300 mg/kg/day)administration markedly attenuated disease severity,reduced intestinal inflammation,enhanced host antioxidant defenses,and importantly,restored gut barrier integrity.Furthermore,16S rRNA sequencing revealed that bLFH-L beneficially modulated the gut microbiota,decreasing Escherichia-Shigella while enriching Lactobacillus and Bacteroides,and normalizing Akkermansia levels.Notably,specific microbial shifts correlated with improved host gene expression related to barrier function,anti-inflammatory responses and antioxidant defense,indicating beneficial microbiota-host interactions.These findings establish that bLFH-L,generated via this tailored enzymatic approach,acts as a multi-target ingredient exerts protective effects against colitis through synergistic antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,barrier-fortifying mechanisms,and favorable microbiota modulation,highlighting its potential as a promising functional food ingredient for the prevention and management of intestinal inflammation.
基金support of the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(LR23C200001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472357,32072195)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100600,2022YFD2100603).
摘要Low yield is a significant bottleneck preventing widespread application of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria(LAB).Co-culturing different species of LAB is an effective strategy to enhance bacteriocin production.This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying this enhancement,focusing on the metabolic pathways involved and identifying effector metabolites that improve the yield of bacteriocins from LAB.The results indicated that bacteriocin production was highest when Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZY-1 was co-cultured with Limosilactobacillus fermentum RC4 at a seed liquid age of 16 h.Metabolomic analysis of co-cultured and separately cultured LAB revealed 984 significantly differentially abundant metabolites,including organic acids,lipids,amino acids,and vitamins.The primary metabolic pathways involved were amino acid metabolism,ABC transporters,and purine metabolism.Co-culture enhanced the synthesis of metabolites including ascorbic acid,N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid,butyryl trihexyl citrate,N-acetyl aspartate,and L-gulonolactone,as demonstrated through metabolic analysis and validation experiments.Compared to the control group,the addition of a mixture containing 0.2%ascorbic acid,0.2% N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid,0.1%butyryl trihexyl citrate,0.1% N-acetyl aspartic acid,and 0.3% L-gulonolactone to the co-culture system demonstrated a 1.9-fold enhancement in the inhibition zone diameter.Similarly,a combination of 0.3%ascorbic acid,0.3% butyryl trihexyl citrate,0.1% N-acetyl aspartate,and 0.1%L-gulonolactone achieved a 2.1-fold amplification in bacteriostatic activity within the monoculture system.This is the first report on the mechanism of enhancing bacteriocin production via co-culture of different LAB species.Furthermore,a strategy to augment bacteriocin production was developed by adding key metabolites to monocultured and co-cultured LAB.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472357,32072195)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(LR23C200001)the Projects of Bureau of Science and Technology of Ningbo City(2024S128,2024J014).
摘要With the advancements in the aquaculture industry,research on live transportation technologies has become increasingly vital.Here,we examined the effects of eugenol–tricaine composite anesthesia conditions on Chinese mitten crab survival rates and employed untargeted metabolomic analysis to explore metabolic changes and mechanisms underlying anesthetic action.The optimal transport parameters,identified through response surface methodology(RSM),were temperature=20.21℃,anesthetic concentration=158.28 mg/L,and a eugenol-totricaine ratio of 2:1.Under these conditions,serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST)levels of the crabs reached 91.67% of the predicted value,and their survival rates increased from 50.34%to 72.23%.Metabolomic analysis revealed that composite anesthesia significantly upregulated tryptophan and glycerophospholipid metabolism,along with enhancing biotin and choline metabolism,in muscle and hepatopancreatic tissues of the crabs.We noted that through serotonin and kynurenine pathways,tryptophan metabolism modulates neurotransmitter levels and immune function,thus reducing stress responses.Moreover,glycerophospholipid metabolism boosts cellular stability and energy balance by affecting signaling pathways,enhancing antioxidant capacity,and minimizing protein degradation.Increases in serum superoxide dismutase levels,along with decreases in serum total volatile basic nitrogen and cortisol levels,supported these findings.Biotin,a coenzyme essential in amino and fatty acid syntheses,mediates interactions between tryptophan and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways.In conclusion,composite anesthesia could improve Chinese mitten crab survival during transportation by modulating key metabolic pathways.Therefore,our study provides valuable insights for optimizing aquaculture practices.
基金supported by the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Popularization Project in Jiangsu Province,China(LYKJ[2022]12)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372355)+1 种基金Food Science and Technology Fund of China Institute of Food Science and Technology-Abbott Special Research Fund for Food Nutrition and Safety(2021-F02)The State Key Laboratory Program(2021DG700024-KF202424).
摘要Sustained intake of ACE inhibitory peptides derived from dietary proteins contributes to the prevention of hypertension.Peptide Arg-Leu-Ser-Asn-Pro(RLSFNP)obtained by fermentation of yogurt with Lactobacillus helveticus LB10 has been found to have ACE inhibitory capability in vitro.This study aimed to explore the effects and regulatory mechanisms of ACE inhibitory peptide RLSFNP on hypertension and gut microbiota dysbiosis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats(SHRs).According to the experimental results,when ACE inhibitory peptide was administered orally at different dose levels(60,30,and 15 mg/kg BW),the systolic blood pressure of SHRs was markedly reduced.Specifically,SHR blood pressure was reduced by(21.8±1.3 mmHg)in the mid-dose group in the short-term trial.By assaying ACE content in serum and tissues,RLSFNP can rebalance the reninangiotensin system(RAS)signaling,thereby controlling blood pressure.In addition,analysis of reactive oxygen species(ROS)-related factors revealed that long-term gavage of the ACE inhibitory peptide RLSFNP affected the release of endothelial cytokines to a certain extent and effectively reduced the production of malondialdehyde(MDA).In further experiments,the ACE inhibitor RLSFNP had a potassium-preserving effect and significantly reduced the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and total cholesterol.16S rRNA results showed that the abundances of f-Ruminococcaceae-unclassified,f-Lachnospiraceae-unclassified,and Corynebacterium were increased by the ACE inhibitor RLSFNP in the group with the intervention of RLSFNP.There was a notable increase in specific flora in the high-dose group with Bacteroides,f-Muribaculaceae,and Ruminococcus-1.In conclusion,the ACE inhibitory peptide RLSFNP improves the renal RAS and ROS and modulates gut microbiota homeostasis,renal tissue damage,and lung injury.These findings give a solid scientific foundation for the use of whey protein-derived ACE inhibitory peptide,RLSFNP,as a potential functional food.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472357,32072195)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(LR23C200001)the Project of Bureau of Science and Technology of Ningbo City(2024S128,2024J014).
摘要Pickled and dried mustard often call Meigancai in Chinese is a crucial fermented vegetable made from mustard or cabbages and hold a significant cultural and economic importance in Zhejiang province(China).Due to this fermentation process,understanding how the microbial composition impact on the safety,nutrition,and flavor is essential for optimizing production processes and ensuring high-quality safe products.Thus this study aimed to investigate the bacterial composition,safety parameter,nutritional composition and volatile flavor compounds(VFCs)of Meigancai from all 16 cities in Zhejiang province,China.Using 16S rRNA sequencing,Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified as the predominant bacteria phyla with 56.25%and 20.80%respectively of all species.The primary genus species were determined to be Chloroplast,Methyloversatilis,Pseudomonas,Lactobacillus,Ralstonia,Mitochondria,Weissella,Staphylococcus,and Bacillus,with Methyloversatilis(17.15%)and Pseudomonas(15.06%)being the most abundant.The chemical analysis revealed a nitrite index analysis percentage below the national standard limit.And the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)identified a total of 160 fatty acids and 449 VFCs,predominantly alcohols,fatty acids,and esters,with significant amounts of aldehydes,ketones,alkylbenzenes,alkanes,phenols,and sulfides.The correlation analysis revealed strong association between the main bacteria communities notably Methyloversatilis significant positive correlations with 13 VFCs,while Pseudomonas is positively correlated with 15 VFCs.Additionally,Staphylococcus,a less abundant genus,exhibited positive correlations with five of the six measured safety indexes.Correlation analysis in Meigancai could be used for starter screening strains that could contribute to the enzymatic activity and flavor attributes but also the production of lactic acid.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC32272339)the Ningbo Public Welfare Programme(2023S216).
摘要Autoinducer-2(AI-2)serves as a signaling molecule in the luxS/AI-2 quorum sensing(QS)system of lactic acid bacteria(LAB).However,there is currently a lack of rapid and accurate method for the quantitative and qualitative detection of AI-2 in LAB.In this study,a cost-effective,rapid,and accurate method was developed,involving the derivatization of AI-2 using 2,3-diaminonaphthalene(DAN),followed by detection via highperformance liquid chromatography(HPLC)without the need for external detectors.The results demonstrated that the derivatization process required 40 min,while the HPLC analysis took 24 min.The method exhibited a linear detection range of 250–8000 ng/mL,with a fitting equation of Y=0.2437X+26.8111(R2=0.9991),and the limit of detection(LOD)is 26.10 ng/mL,indicating high accuracy and precision.Furthermore,the method was successfully applied to five different Lactobacillus broth medium and fermented milk systems,demonstrating its ability to resist interference from complex components in these matrices and to reproducibly and accurately detect AI-2.This study provides an excellent technology for rapid quantification of AI-2 in LAB and fermented milk.
基金supported by the Natural Science Funding of China(31972048)the outstanding youth fund of Zhejiang Province(LR22C200001).
摘要Significant research has been conducted on using natural plant-based homogenates(NPBH)as additives to improve the quality of yogurt.This paper reviews the effects,mechanisms,and research methods of NPBH as additives to the probiotic content,texture,flavor,and nutritional value of yogurt.The mechanisms by which NPBH promotes the growth of lactic acid bacteria are reviewed,including nutrients in the homogenates,a suitable buffering environment,and the metabolic production of probiotics.Fructose,pectin,dietary fiber,protein,and polysaccharides are the primary influences on the yogurt texture.The aromatic precursors contained in NPBH,their contribution to yogurt flavor,and the health benefits of yogurt nutritional fortification are detailed.In the future,priority could be given to adding Chinese herbs(like wolfberry,saffron,and Rhodiola)with preventing alcoholic liver,anti-aging,blood pressure reduction,and other disease treatment or prevention functions to the yogurt to achieve a win-win situation.In addition,research on the function of NPBH yogurt should focus on the clinical implications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Funding of China(31972048,32272339)the outstanding youth fund of Zhejiang Prov-ince(LR22C200001)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100104).
摘要In this study,the safety of Levilactobacillus brevis CGMCC1.5954 was evaluated,which has probiotic properties,through both in vitro methods such as antibiotic susceptibility testing,biogenic amine testing,and virulence gene analysis,and in vivo methods including biochemical testing,routine blood index testing,and bacterial displacement capacity analysis.The results of HPLC analysis revealed that during incubation,L.brevis CGMCC1.5954 did not secrete cadaverine,histamine,putrescine,or tyramine.It exhibited sensitivity to tetra-cyclines,macrolides,cephalosporins,β-lactamase inhibitor complex,and other antibiotics,but not to amino-glycosides and quinolones,which is consistent with the behavior of other lactic acid bacteria.Its genome encodes a total of 2314 genes,including 1743 proteins and 109 signal peptides.Notably,no virulence genes were found in this genome.Additionally,the gene encoding the production ofγ-aminobutyric acid was found in it.In vivo experiments indicated that gavage feeding of L.brevis CGMCC1.5954 for 28 d had no significant effect on normal growth,blood hemoglobin level,erythrocytes,white blood cells,and other routine blood parameters in mice.Furthermore,there was no migration of it observed in the liver,kidney,spleen,or blood during the feeding trial,which indicated that it did not cause any infections.Moreover,H&E staining showed no evidence of lesion damage to the liver,kidney,or other organs.To sum up,L.brevis CGMCC1.5954 is considered safe for producing fermented foods,especially those that contain high levels ofγ-aminobutyric acid.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272339,31972048).
摘要The survival ability of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)in the gastrointestinal tract is low,and the mechanism of LAB resistance to the gastrointestinal tract’s harsh environment is unclear.Therefore,this study used simulated gastrointestinal juices in vitro and transcriptomics approaches to identify proteins in Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074 that can enhance the strain’s tolerance to gastrointestinal juices and verify the function of the target proteins.The results showed that the survival rate of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074 was 79.24%after 6 h of in vitro intestinal juice treatment,and there were 10 genes coding proteins with significant changes in expression,among which S-layer protein gene slpX was significantly up-regulated.After overexpression of the slpX gene,the survival rate of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074 was 94.35%after 6 h of in vitro intestinal juice tolerance.In conclusion,the SlpX protein plays a crucial role under the simulated intestinal juice condition of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074.This study provides a basis for a deeper understanding of the survival mechanisms of Lactobacillus acidophilus in the gastrointestinal tract.
基金the financial support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100603,2022YFD2100600)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Diatinguished Young Scholars(LR23C200001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472357,32072195).
摘要The PlnC encoded by plnC is an essential response regulator in Plantaricin biosynthesis well-studied in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum.Since the known effects of plnC are not exhaustive,it is crucial to perfect a precise regulatory mechanism for plnC.Overexpression of plnC was found to transiently reduce bacterial activity during the logarithmic growth phase,however,it significantly increased the expression levels of bacteriocin genes within the pln locus by 1.45-2.35 times.After 16 h of incubation,the overexpression of plnC significantly increased the diameter of the inhibition zone from 10.89±0.36 mm to 12.29±0.33 mm,indicating a notable enhancement in bacteriocin activity(P<0.05).The proteomic analysis further revealed that plnC affected multiple carbohydrate metabolic pathways,QS and HIF-1 signaling pathways,IMP/UMP biosynthesis,and ribosomal proteins,which resulted in promoting the synthesis of nucleotide precursors and exopolysaccharides,and accelerating ribosome translation rate.And the up-regulated synthesis of long-chain acyl-CoA is an important component that may inhibit PlnD(an inhibitory regulator opposite PlnC)during Plantaricin biosynthesis.These offer a critical basis for forward Plantaricin research and application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 31972619 and 31772675)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(grant number LZ20C170001)support of qRT-PCR analyses from the Experimental Teaching Center,College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University.
摘要Insect midgut plays a central role in food digestion and nutrition absorption.Larval silkworm midgut could be divided into 3 distinct regions based on their morphological colors.However,it remains rudimentary of regional gene expression and physiological function in larval silkworm midgut.Through transcriptome sequencing of 3 midgut compartments,a comprehensive analysis of gene expression atlas along the anterior–posterior axis was conducted.Posterior midgut was found transcriptionally divergent from anterior and middle midgut.Differentially expressed gene analysis revealed the regional specialization of digestive enzyme production,transmembrane transport,chitin metabolism,and hormone regulation in different midgut regions.In addition,gene subsets of pan-midgut and region-specific transcription factors(TFs)along the length of midgut were also identified.The results suggested that homeobox TFs might play an essential role in transcriptional variations across the midgut.Altogether,our study provided the first fundamental resource to investigate physiological function and regulation mechanism in larval midgut compartmentalization.
基金co-financed by the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Popularization Project in Jiangsu Province,China(LYKJ[2022]12)the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372355)+1 种基金Food Science and Technology Fund of China Institute of Food Science and Technology-Abbott Special Research Fund for Food Nutrition and Safety(2021-F02)Scientific research project of Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Limited Liability Company(100803-2023-KY-00314).
摘要Food-derived cholesterol-lowering peptides have the practical benefit of inhibiting lipid absorption and regu-lating systemic cholesterol homeostasis.This work aimed to explore the antihyperlipidemia function of milk casein-derived peptides Leu-Gln-Pro-Glu(LQPE),Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro-Gln(VLPVPQ),and Val-Ala-Pro-Phe-Pro-Glu(VAPFPE)and investigated whether the function of these peptides affected the gut microbiome.Accord-ing to the experimental findings,lipid metabolism disorder in hyperlipidemia mice was improved to various degrees by all three peptides,which dramatically lowered the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and triglyceride(TG)in the serum and inhibited the buildup of lipids in the liver and the development of steatosis.VAPFPE was found to reduce intestinal cholesterol absorption and the formation of cholesterol esters by inhibiting hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α(HNF4α),niemann-pick C1-like 1(NPC1L1),and acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase 2(ACAT2)expression and increase intestinal cholesterol efflux through up-regulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter G8(ABCG8).VAPFPE also maintained cholesterol homeostasis by up-regulating liver low-density lipoprotein receptor(LDL-R)expression.The 16S rRNA analysis revealed that all three pep-tides improve the gut microbial composition,and VAPFPE specifically encouraged a rise in the proportional abundance of Bifidobacterium.The results shed light on the potential applications of bioactive peptides as functional health foods for lowering cholesterol.
摘要Food-derived antioxidant peptides have been shown to have beneficial effects in scavenging excess free radicals.In this study,a novel multifunctional LPxTG-motif protein LPxT-GYLEQ was synthesized,and its molecular mechanism of alleviating cognitive impairment in a D-galactose(D-gal)-induced aging mice model was also investigated.The results confirmed the antioxidant effects of the LPxT-GYLEQ protein,which could scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species(ROS)in aging mice by regulating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/p38/Nuclear factor-k-gene binding(NF-κB)signal pathway,reduced the accumulation ofβ-amyloid protein(Aβ),restored the cognitive ability of mice,improved learning and memory behavior,effectively reduced the expression of inflammatory-related factors,including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6),and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10(IL-10).These may be related to the fact that the protein regulates the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as intestinal Akkermansia Muciniphila(Akk).All results suggest that the synthetic LPxT-GYLEQ protein may improve cognitive impairment and be a promising candidate for an anti-aging agent.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD2100603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072195,41406165,41641052)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(LR23C200001).
摘要Nitrite(NIT)can be degraded by lactic acid bacteria(LAB)via three pathways,including reduction by nitrite reductase(NiR),acid,and certain metabolites,where enzymatic degradation is the dominant form.This review discusses the classification,structure,and related genes of NiR,as well as the process of NIT degradation,the influencing factors,and the main applications in food and the environment.NiRs are classified into four categories,namely,copper-type reductases(CuNiRs),cytochrome cd1-type reductases(cd1NiRs),iron redox-dependent reductases(FdNiRs),and polyhemoglobin c reductases(ccNiRs).NIT via the nirKirS genes encoding CuNiRs/cd1NiRs reduces residual NIT from natural and anthropogenic activities to nitric oxide(NO).CuNiRs and cd1NiRs can accept extracellular NO3-and bind to the enzyme-activated intracellular receptor proteins for further degradation to NO2are affected by various internal and external factors,such as structural sites and pH.NiR generated from LAB has extensive applications mainly in the food industry and environment,which will be beneficial to promote low-nitrification life and maintain the ecological environment,having a good application prospect.