This article discusses the various blood interactions that may occur with various types of nano drug-loading systems. Nanoparticles enter the blood circulation as foreign objects. On the one hand, they may cause a ser...This article discusses the various blood interactions that may occur with various types of nano drug-loading systems. Nanoparticles enter the blood circulation as foreign objects. On the one hand, they may cause a series of inflammatory reactions and immune reactions, resulting in the rapid elimination of immune cells and the reticuloendothelial system, affecting their durability in the blood circulation. On the other hand, the premise of the drug-carrying system to play a therapeutic role depends on whether they cause coagulation and platelet activation, the absence of hemolysis and the elimination of immune cells. For different forms of nano drug-carrying systems, we can find the characteristics, elements and coping strategies of adverse blood reactions that we can find in previous researches. These adverse reactions may include destruction of blood cells, abnormal coagulation system, abnormal effects of plasma proteins, abnormal blood cell behavior, adverse immune and inflammatory reactions, and excessive vascular stimulation. In order to provide help for future research and formulation work on the blood compatibility of nano drug carriers.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental disorder where de novo mutations play a significant role.Although coding mutations in ASD have been extensively characterized,the impact of non-coding de novo mutat...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental disorder where de novo mutations play a significant role.Although coding mutations in ASD have been extensively characterized,the impact of non-coding de novo mutations(ncDNMs)remains less understood.Here,we integrate cortex cell-specific cis-regulatory element annotations,a deep learning-based variant prediction model,and massively parallel reporter assays to systematically evaluate the functional impact of 227,878 ncDNMs from Simons Simplex Collection(SSC)and Autism Speaks MSSNG resource(MSSNG)cohorts.Our analysis identifies 238 ncDNMs with confirmed functional regulatory effects,including 137 down-regulated regulatory mutations(DrMuts)and 101 up-regulated regulatory mutations(UrMuts).Subsequent association analyses reveal that only DrMuts regulating loss-of-function(LoF)intolerant genes rather than other ncDNMs are significantly associated with the risk of ASD(Odds ratio=4.34;P=0.001).A total of 42 potential ASD-risk DrMuts across 41 candidate ASD-susceptibility genes are identified,including 12 recognized and 29 unreported genes.Interestingly,these noncoding disruptive mutations tend to be observed in genes extremely intolerant to LoF mutations.Our study introduces an optimized approach for elucidating the functional roles of ncDNMs,thereby expanding the spectrum of pathogenic variants and deepening our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying ASD.展开更多
Atomically dispersed metals on N-doped carbon supports(M-NxCs) have great potential applications in various fields.However,a precise understanding of the definitive relationship between the configuration of metal s...Atomically dispersed metals on N-doped carbon supports(M-NxCs) have great potential applications in various fields.However,a precise understanding of the definitive relationship between the configuration of metal single atoms and the dielectric loss properties of M-NxCs at the atomic-level is still lacking.Herein,we report a general approach to synthesize a series of three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb-like M-N_xC(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,or Ni) containing metal single atoms.Experimental results indicate that 3D M-NxCs exhibit a greatly enhanced dielectric loss compared with that of the NC matrix.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the density of states of the d orbitals near the Fermi level is significantly increased and additional electrical dipoles are induced due to the destruction of the symmetry of the local microstructure,which enhances conductive loss and dipolar polarization loss of 3D M-NxCs,respectively.Consequently,these 3D M-NxCs exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties,outperforming the most commonly reported absorbers.This study systematically explains the mechanism of dielectric loss at the atomic level for the first time and is of significance to the rational design of high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbing materials containing metal single atoms.展开更多
For bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells, the morphology of the blend films highly influence the exciton dissociation and charge transport process. In this work, two novel A-π-D-π-A(A represents the acceptor unit...For bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells, the morphology of the blend films highly influence the exciton dissociation and charge transport process. In this work, two novel A-π-D-π-A(A represents the acceptor unit and D represents the donor unit) backbone structure small molecular electron donors based on two dimensional conjugated naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene(NDT) with different end alkyl chains, named as NDT-3T-EH and NDT-3T-O, have been designed and synthesized. The photovoltaic property of NDT-3T-O-based device is better than that of the NDT-3T-EH and the best efficiency reaches 7.06%, and the photovoltaic property of NDT-3T-EH reaches 6.11%. The difference in the performance should be attributed to the different morphology and phase separation resulted from the different crystallinity and aggregation ability of two donors. The results demonstrate that the optimized end alkyl chains can be used to design A-π-D-π-A backbone structure small molecular electron donors for smallmolecule organic solar cells.展开更多
The stability issue is one of the key factors hindering the commercial application of organic solar cells.All-polymer organic solar cell is one of the effective ways to solve the stability problem.In this work,we desi...The stability issue is one of the key factors hindering the commercial application of organic solar cells.All-polymer organic solar cell is one of the effective ways to solve the stability problem.In this work,we designed and synthesized two polymer donor materials PBDT and PDTBDT with different conjugation ranges,and demonstrated for the first time that extending the conjugation range of donor materials in all polymer solar cells can significantly improve device efficiency and stability.The experimental results of materials and devices show that PDTBDT with a larger conjugation range has stronger crystallinity and a more planar structure,which endows the active layer in its corresponding device with higher exciton dissociation probability,lower carrier recombination probability,more balanced charge transport properties and more favorable film morphology.As a result,the PDTBDT:PYF-T-o devices display an outstanding PCE of 13.38%,which is much higher than PBDT with smaller conjugation range based devices.Moreover,the PDTBDT:PYF-T-o device retains 0.86 of the initial PCE after over 500 h in the air atmosphere,exhibiting significantly improved stability.The improved stability is attributed to the enhanced moisture and air tolerance of active layer film thanks to the strong crystallinity of the donor material.These results demonstrate that the conjugation expansion strategy is one of the effective ways to obtain efficient and stable all-polymer organic solar cells.展开更多
The aim of this work was to prepare ascending release compression-coated(CC) tablets with paliperidone(PAL) using a simple manufacturing technique and short manufacturing process.The release behavior and mechanisms in...The aim of this work was to prepare ascending release compression-coated(CC) tablets with paliperidone(PAL) using a simple manufacturing technique and short manufacturing process.The release behavior and mechanisms in vitro of the final tablets was investigated and evaluated. The PAL CC tablets were comprised of a core layer of high viscosity hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC-H) and a coating layer of high viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMCK100 M). Several factors such as materials and core tablet compositions were studied for their influence in the formulation procedure. The drug release mechanism was studied using gravimetric analysis. The data could be fitted to the Peppas model. The ascending drug release results were expressed in terms of the slope of the release curve at different time points.Results showed that the formulation could achieve a good ascending drug release when the weight ratio of PAL was 5:1(core:layer). The fraction of HPC and HPMC was 33 %, and the combination of Eudragit RL-PO was 10%. The ascending release mechanism was due to solvent penetration into the PAL CC tablets, and subsequent drug dissolution from the gelatinous HPC and HPMC matrix erosion. The release mechanism was therefore a combination of diffusion and erosion. This work demonstrated that the compression-coated tablets could achieve controlled ascending release over 24 h for the oral administration systems.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)started physics data taking on 26 August 2025.JUNO consists of a 20-kton liquid scintillator central detector,surrounded by a 35 kton water pool serving as a Cherenko...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)started physics data taking on 26 August 2025.JUNO consists of a 20-kton liquid scintillator central detector,surrounded by a 35 kton water pool serving as a Cherenkov veto,and almost 1000 m2 of plastic scintillator veto on top.The detector is located in a shallow underground laboratory with an overburden of 1800 m.w.e.This paper presents the performance results of the detector,extensively studied during the commissioning of the water phase,the subsequent liquid scintillator filling phase,and the first physics runs.The liquid scintillator achieved an attenuation length of 20.6 m at 430 nm,while the high coverage PMT system and scintillator together yielded about 1785 photoelectrons per MeV of energy deposit at the detector centre,measured using the 2.223 MeVγfrom neutron captures on hydrogen with an Am-C calibration source.The reconstructed energy resolution is 3.4%for two 0.511 MeVγat the detector centre and 2.9%for the 0.93 MeV quenched 214Po alpha decays from natural radioactive sources.The energy non-linearity is calibrated to better than 1%.Intrinsic contaminations of 238U and 232Th in the liquid scintillator are below 10-16 g/g,assuming secular equilibrium.The water Cherenkov detector achieves a muon detection efficiency better than 99.9%for muons traversing the liquid scintillator volume.During the initial science runs,the data acquisition duty cycle exceeded 97.8%,demonstrating the excellent stability and readiness of JUNO for high-precision neutrino physics.展开更多
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a complex interstitial lung disease in which myofibroblasts are the primary effector cells.FK506-binding protein(FKBP10),a procollagen chaperone,is upregulated in IPF and primarily...Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a complex interstitial lung disease in which myofibroblasts are the primary effector cells.FK506-binding protein(FKBP10),a procollagen chaperone,is upregulated in IPF and primarily localizes to myofibroblasts.Exosomes have garnered significant attention as novel drug delivery vehicles,particularly when engineered.However,myofibroblasts remain underexplored in terms of engineered exosome-based therapies and associated drug targets.In this study,RDYH58,a peptide that targets myofibroblasts,was conjugated to the exosomal membrane protein Lamp2b to produce RDYH58-linked exosomes(RDYH58-exo).In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that compared to unmodified exosomes(unm-exo),RDYH58-exo preferentially localized to myofibroblasts.A small interfering RNA targeting FKBP10(siFKBP10)was loaded into exosomes using ultrasonic microfluidics method,and the antifibrotic effects of RDYH58-exo carrying siFKBP10(RDYH58-siFKBP10)were assessed both in vitro and in vivo.The results demonstrated that RDYH58-siFKBP10 effectively silenced FKBP10 gene expression,significantly inhibiting fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition,with superior antifibrotic efficacy compared to unmodified exosome vectors(unm-siFKBP10).RNA-seq analysis confirmed the pivotal regulatory role of FKBP10,providing critical evidence for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.The RDYH58-siFKBP10 delivery system developed in this study demonstrates remarkable clinical translation potential.展开更多
This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an ...This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV.To achieve this ambitious goal,significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector.Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution,extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons,such as the properties of the liquid scintillator,performance of photomultiplier tubes,and the energy reconstruction algorithm.To account for these effects,a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed.This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution.The results of this study reveal an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 Mev.Furthermore,this study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget.This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data collection.Moreover,it provides a guideline for comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering usin...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants.This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angleθ23.The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory(TAO)detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site,local and global nuclear reactors,JUNO and TAO detector responses,expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds,and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs.We find that a 3σmedian sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years×26.6 GW thermal power.展开更多
Ultrathin metalorganic framework (MOF) nanosheets are attracting great interest in catalysis due to their unique and intriguing two-dime nsional (2D) features. Although many progresses have been achieved, it is still ...Ultrathin metalorganic framework (MOF) nanosheets are attracting great interest in catalysis due to their unique and intriguing two-dime nsional (2D) features. Although many progresses have been achieved, it is still highly desirable to develop novel strategies for controllable synthesis of the well-defined ultrathin MOF nanosheets. Herein we report a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted route to synthesize the ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets characteristic of 1.5 nm in thickness, in which PVP is reacted with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H2BDC-NH2) via formation of C=N bon d, followed by coord inatio n with Ni2+ io ns to form the ultrathi n MOF n anosheets. Impressively, when used in the Kno eve nagel condensation reactions of propane dinitrile with different aldehydes, ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets display the significantly enhanced catalytic activity and good stability in respect with the bulk Ni-MOF, mainly owing to the exposed active sites as well as facile mass transfer and diffusion of substrates and products.展开更多
Atomically precise gold(Au)nanoclusters(NCs)as visible light photosensitizers supported on the substrate for photoredox catalysis have attracted considerable attentions.However,eficient control of their photocatalytic...Atomically precise gold(Au)nanoclusters(NCs)as visible light photosensitizers supported on the substrate for photoredox catalysis have attracted considerable attentions.However,eficient control of their photocatalytic activity and long-term stability is still challenging.Herein,we report a coordination-assisted self-assembly strategy in combination with electrostatic interaction to sandwich Au2:(Capt)18(abbreviated as AU25,Capt=captopril)NCs between an inner core and an outer shell made of UiO-66,denoted as UiO-66@Au25@UiO-66.Notably,the sandwich-like nanocomposite displays significantly enhanced catalytic activity along with an excellent stability when used in the selective photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide.As comparison,AU25 NCs simply located at the outer surface or insider matrix of UiO-66(short as Au2/UiO-66 and AU2s@UiO-66)show poor stability and low conversion,respectively.This structure regulated difference in the catalytic performances of three nanocomposites is assigned to the varied distribution of active sites(Au NCs)in metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).This work offers the opportunity for application of nanoclusters in catalysis,energy conversion and even biology.展开更多
Co-delivery of anti-inflammatory siRNA and hydrophilic drug provides a promising approach for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, lack of a suitable and efficient co-delivery carrier poses critical chal...Co-delivery of anti-inflammatory siRNA and hydrophilic drug provides a promising approach for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, lack of a suitable and efficient co-delivery carrier poses critical challenge against their utilization. We herein developed macrophage-targeting, reversibly crossli nked polymersomes (TKPR-RCP) based on the TKPR-modified, poly(ethyle ne glycol)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate-codithiolane trimethylene carbonate)-b-polyethylenimine (PEG-P(TMC-DTC)-PEI) triblock copolymer, which could efficiently encapsulate TNF-α siRNA and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) in their hydrophilic core. The cationic PEI segments provided additional electrostatic interactions with cargo molecules to promote the encapsulatiion, and disulfide crosslinking of the polymersome membrane endowed the TKPR-RCP with high colloidal stability. Because the cationic PEI was embedded in the hydrophilic core, the polymersomes displayed neutral surface charge and thus possessed high serum stability. The TKPR-RCP co-encapsulating TNF-α siRNA and DSP could be efficiently internalized by macrophages (~98%) and undergo redox-responsive membrane de-crosslinking to accelerate cargo release in the cytoplasm, thus inducing efficient gene silencing and anti-inflammatory effect .Intravenous injectio n of the co-delivery TKPR-RCP mediated pote nt and cooperative anti-inflammatory effect in inflamed colons of UC mice, and significantly prevented animals from colonic injury. This study therefore provides a promising approach for the co-delivery of hydrophilic drug/siRNA toward the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.展开更多
Prokaryotic gene expression is largely regulated on transcriptional levels with the involvement of promoters,RNA polymerase and sigma factors.Developing new promoters to customize gene transcriptional regulation becom...Prokaryotic gene expression is largely regulated on transcriptional levels with the involvement of promoters,RNA polymerase and sigma factors.Developing new promoters to customize gene transcriptional regulation becomes increasingly demanded in synthetic biology and biotechnology.In this study,we designed synthetic promoters in the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis by interlocking the binding motifs ofσA for house-keeping gene expression and that of two alternative sigma factorsσH andσB which are involved in responding post-exponential growth and general stress,respectively.The developed promoters are recognized by multiple sigma factors and hence generate strong transcriptional strength when host cells grow under normal or stressed conditions.With green fluorescent protein as the reporter,a set of strong promoters were identified,in which the transcription activities of PHA-1,PHAB-4,PHAB-7 were 18.6,4.1,3.3 fold of that of the commonly used promoter P43,respectively.Moreover,some of the promoters such as PHA-1,PHAB-4,PHAB-7,PBA-2 displayed increased transcriptional activities in response to high salinity or low pH.The promoters developed in this study should enrich the biotechnological toolboxes of B.subtilis.展开更多
Optimization of the hydrogen binding energy by controlling the surface electronic structure of electrocatalysts is of great significance in the hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)in alkaline electrolytes.Herein,we demons...Optimization of the hydrogen binding energy by controlling the surface electronic structure of electrocatalysts is of great significance in the hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)in alkaline electrolytes.Herein,we demonstrated that the surface electronic structure of PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles could be finely tuned through the alloying degree;this led to enhanced HOR performance in an alkaline solution.The optimized Pt0.65Ru0.35 with high alloying degree exhibited the exchange current density of 4.16 A m-2,which was about 1.5 and 2.2 times those of Pt0.74Ru0.26 with a low alloying degree(2.75 A m-2)and Pt/C(1.89 A m-2),respectively.展开更多
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK...The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK+mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK+is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.展开更多
JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the△m312,△m212,sin2θ12,and sin2...JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the△m312,△m212,sin2θ12,and sin2θ13oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the△m212and sin2θ12oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the△m312parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.展开更多
摘要This article discusses the various blood interactions that may occur with various types of nano drug-loading systems. Nanoparticles enter the blood circulation as foreign objects. On the one hand, they may cause a series of inflammatory reactions and immune reactions, resulting in the rapid elimination of immune cells and the reticuloendothelial system, affecting their durability in the blood circulation. On the other hand, the premise of the drug-carrying system to play a therapeutic role depends on whether they cause coagulation and platelet activation, the absence of hemolysis and the elimination of immune cells. For different forms of nano drug-carrying systems, we can find the characteristics, elements and coping strategies of adverse blood reactions that we can find in previous researches. These adverse reactions may include destruction of blood cells, abnormal coagulation system, abnormal effects of plasma proteins, abnormal blood cell behavior, adverse immune and inflammatory reactions, and excessive vascular stimulation. In order to provide help for future research and formulation work on the blood compatibility of nano drug carriers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science of China(82322032 and 82221005)the Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220050)+4 种基金the National Key Research&Development(R&D)Program of China(2024YFC2706800 and 2021YFC2700600)the Major Project of Changzhou Medical Center(CZKY1040101)the Major Project of Taizhou Clinical Medical College(TZKY20240003)the Major Program of Gusu School(GSKY20210102)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M760296).
摘要Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a neurodevelopmental disorder where de novo mutations play a significant role.Although coding mutations in ASD have been extensively characterized,the impact of non-coding de novo mutations(ncDNMs)remains less understood.Here,we integrate cortex cell-specific cis-regulatory element annotations,a deep learning-based variant prediction model,and massively parallel reporter assays to systematically evaluate the functional impact of 227,878 ncDNMs from Simons Simplex Collection(SSC)and Autism Speaks MSSNG resource(MSSNG)cohorts.Our analysis identifies 238 ncDNMs with confirmed functional regulatory effects,including 137 down-regulated regulatory mutations(DrMuts)and 101 up-regulated regulatory mutations(UrMuts).Subsequent association analyses reveal that only DrMuts regulating loss-of-function(LoF)intolerant genes rather than other ncDNMs are significantly associated with the risk of ASD(Odds ratio=4.34;P=0.001).A total of 42 potential ASD-risk DrMuts across 41 candidate ASD-susceptibility genes are identified,including 12 recognized and 29 unreported genes.Interestingly,these noncoding disruptive mutations tend to be observed in genes extremely intolerant to LoF mutations.Our study introduces an optimized approach for elucidating the functional roles of ncDNMs,thereby expanding the spectrum of pathogenic variants and deepening our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying ASD.
基金financial supports from the NNSF of China(Grant No.51972077)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.3072020CF2518,3072020CFT2505+1 种基金3072021CFT2506,3072021CF2523 and 3072021CF2524)Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program.
摘要Atomically dispersed metals on N-doped carbon supports(M-NxCs) have great potential applications in various fields.However,a precise understanding of the definitive relationship between the configuration of metal single atoms and the dielectric loss properties of M-NxCs at the atomic-level is still lacking.Herein,we report a general approach to synthesize a series of three-dimensional(3D)honeycomb-like M-N_xC(M=Mn,Fe,Co,Cu,or Ni) containing metal single atoms.Experimental results indicate that 3D M-NxCs exhibit a greatly enhanced dielectric loss compared with that of the NC matrix.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the density of states of the d orbitals near the Fermi level is significantly increased and additional electrical dipoles are induced due to the destruction of the symmetry of the local microstructure,which enhances conductive loss and dipolar polarization loss of 3D M-NxCs,respectively.Consequently,these 3D M-NxCs exhibit excellent electromagnetic wave absorption properties,outperforming the most commonly reported absorbers.This study systematically explains the mechanism of dielectric loss at the atomic level for the first time and is of significance to the rational design of high-efficiency electromagnetic wave absorbing materials containing metal single atoms.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21822503, 21534003, 21125420, 21603044 and 91427302)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Nos. 2016YFA0200704 and 2016YFF0203803)+1 种基金the Beijing Nova Program (No. Z17110001117062)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS and the Chinese Academy of Sciences
摘要For bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells, the morphology of the blend films highly influence the exciton dissociation and charge transport process. In this work, two novel A-π-D-π-A(A represents the acceptor unit and D represents the donor unit) backbone structure small molecular electron donors based on two dimensional conjugated naphtho[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene(NDT) with different end alkyl chains, named as NDT-3T-EH and NDT-3T-O, have been designed and synthesized. The photovoltaic property of NDT-3T-O-based device is better than that of the NDT-3T-EH and the best efficiency reaches 7.06%, and the photovoltaic property of NDT-3T-EH reaches 6.11%. The difference in the performance should be attributed to the different morphology and phase separation resulted from the different crystallinity and aggregation ability of two donors. The results demonstrate that the optimized end alkyl chains can be used to design A-π-D-π-A backbone structure small molecular electron donors for smallmolecule organic solar cells.
基金We acknowledge financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21822503 and 51973043)the and the CAS-CSIRO Joint Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.121E32KYSB20190021).
摘要The stability issue is one of the key factors hindering the commercial application of organic solar cells.All-polymer organic solar cell is one of the effective ways to solve the stability problem.In this work,we designed and synthesized two polymer donor materials PBDT and PDTBDT with different conjugation ranges,and demonstrated for the first time that extending the conjugation range of donor materials in all polymer solar cells can significantly improve device efficiency and stability.The experimental results of materials and devices show that PDTBDT with a larger conjugation range has stronger crystallinity and a more planar structure,which endows the active layer in its corresponding device with higher exciton dissociation probability,lower carrier recombination probability,more balanced charge transport properties and more favorable film morphology.As a result,the PDTBDT:PYF-T-o devices display an outstanding PCE of 13.38%,which is much higher than PBDT with smaller conjugation range based devices.Moreover,the PDTBDT:PYF-T-o device retains 0.86 of the initial PCE after over 500 h in the air atmosphere,exhibiting significantly improved stability.The improved stability is attributed to the enhanced moisture and air tolerance of active layer film thanks to the strong crystallinity of the donor material.These results demonstrate that the conjugation expansion strategy is one of the effective ways to obtain efficient and stable all-polymer organic solar cells.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81673378)
摘要The aim of this work was to prepare ascending release compression-coated(CC) tablets with paliperidone(PAL) using a simple manufacturing technique and short manufacturing process.The release behavior and mechanisms in vitro of the final tablets was investigated and evaluated. The PAL CC tablets were comprised of a core layer of high viscosity hydroxypropyl cellulose(HPC-H) and a coating layer of high viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMCK100 M). Several factors such as materials and core tablet compositions were studied for their influence in the formulation procedure. The drug release mechanism was studied using gravimetric analysis. The data could be fitted to the Peppas model. The ascending drug release results were expressed in terms of the slope of the release curve at different time points.Results showed that the formulation could achieve a good ascending drug release when the weight ratio of PAL was 5:1(core:layer). The fraction of HPC and HPMC was 33 %, and the combination of Eudragit RL-PO was 10%. The ascending release mechanism was due to solvent penetration into the PAL CC tablets, and subsequent drug dissolution from the gelatinous HPC and HPMC matrix erosion. The release mechanism was therefore a combination of diffusion and erosion. This work demonstrated that the compression-coated tablets could achieve controlled ascending release over 24 h for the oral administration systems.
摘要The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)started physics data taking on 26 August 2025.JUNO consists of a 20-kton liquid scintillator central detector,surrounded by a 35 kton water pool serving as a Cherenkov veto,and almost 1000 m2 of plastic scintillator veto on top.The detector is located in a shallow underground laboratory with an overburden of 1800 m.w.e.This paper presents the performance results of the detector,extensively studied during the commissioning of the water phase,the subsequent liquid scintillator filling phase,and the first physics runs.The liquid scintillator achieved an attenuation length of 20.6 m at 430 nm,while the high coverage PMT system and scintillator together yielded about 1785 photoelectrons per MeV of energy deposit at the detector centre,measured using the 2.223 MeVγfrom neutron captures on hydrogen with an Am-C calibration source.The reconstructed energy resolution is 3.4%for two 0.511 MeVγat the detector centre and 2.9%for the 0.93 MeV quenched 214Po alpha decays from natural radioactive sources.The energy non-linearity is calibrated to better than 1%.Intrinsic contaminations of 238U and 232Th in the liquid scintillator are below 10-16 g/g,assuming secular equilibrium.The water Cherenkov detector achieves a muon detection efficiency better than 99.9%for muons traversing the liquid scintillator volume.During the initial science runs,the data acquisition duty cycle exceeded 97.8%,demonstrating the excellent stability and readiness of JUNO for high-precision neutrino physics.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82404552,82273969,and 82473967)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MH395,China)+5 种基金Yantai University Doctoral Program(No.SM20B35,China)Development of engineered exosomes for nucleic acid drug delivery in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis(No.SK22KH114,China)Research on the development of multiple methods to increase exosome production(No.SK22KH304,China)Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai(No.AMGM2024A07,China)Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211112,China)Shandong Laboratory Program(No.SYS202205,China).
摘要Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(IPF)is a complex interstitial lung disease in which myofibroblasts are the primary effector cells.FK506-binding protein(FKBP10),a procollagen chaperone,is upregulated in IPF and primarily localizes to myofibroblasts.Exosomes have garnered significant attention as novel drug delivery vehicles,particularly when engineered.However,myofibroblasts remain underexplored in terms of engineered exosome-based therapies and associated drug targets.In this study,RDYH58,a peptide that targets myofibroblasts,was conjugated to the exosomal membrane protein Lamp2b to produce RDYH58-linked exosomes(RDYH58-exo).In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that compared to unmodified exosomes(unm-exo),RDYH58-exo preferentially localized to myofibroblasts.A small interfering RNA targeting FKBP10(siFKBP10)was loaded into exosomes using ultrasonic microfluidics method,and the antifibrotic effects of RDYH58-exo carrying siFKBP10(RDYH58-siFKBP10)were assessed both in vitro and in vivo.The results demonstrated that RDYH58-siFKBP10 effectively silenced FKBP10 gene expression,significantly inhibiting fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix deposition,with superior antifibrotic efficacy compared to unmodified exosome vectors(unm-siFKBP10).RNA-seq analysis confirmed the pivotal regulatory role of FKBP10,providing critical evidence for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.The RDYH58-siFKBP10 delivery system developed in this study demonstrates remarkable clinical translation potential.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+20 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the"Excellence of Science-EOS"in Belgiumthe Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program—ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwan,Chinathe Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailandthe University of California at Irvinethe National Science Foundation in USA。
摘要This paper presents an energy resolution study of the JUNO experiment,incorporating the latest knowledge acquired during the detector construction phase.The determination of neutrino mass ordering in JUNO requires an exceptional energy resolution better than 3% at 1 MeV.To achieve this ambitious goal,significant efforts have been undertaken in the design and production of the key components of the JUNO detector.Various factors affecting the detection of inverse beta decay signals have an impact on the energy resolution,extending beyond the statistical fluctuations of the detected number of photons,such as the properties of the liquid scintillator,performance of photomultiplier tubes,and the energy reconstruction algorithm.To account for these effects,a full JUNO simulation and reconstruction approach is employed.This enables the modeling of all relevant effects and the evaluation of associated inputs to accurately estimate the energy resolution.The results of this study reveal an energy resolution of 2.95% at 1 Mev.Furthermore,this study assesses the contribution of major effects to the overall energy resolution budget.This analysis serves as a reference for interpreting future measurements of energy resolution during JUNO data collection.Moreover,it provides a guideline for comprehending the energy resolution characteristics of liquid scintillator-based detectors.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the National Key R&D Program of Chinathe CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi University,and the TsungDao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China+3 种基金the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italy,the Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFC,the Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)and FWO under the“Excellence of Science–EOS”in Belgium,the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient´ıfico e Tecnol`ogico in Brazil,the Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republic,the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Association,and the Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germany,the Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)and Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russia,the joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research program,the MOST and MOE in Taiwan,China,the Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand,University of California at Irvine and the National Science Foundation in the US。
摘要The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China.This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants.This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angleθ23.The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory(TAO)detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site,local and global nuclear reactors,JUNO and TAO detector responses,expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds,and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs.We find that a 3σmedian sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years×26.6 GW thermal power.
基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Nos. 2014CB931801 and 2016YFA0200700, Z. Y. T.)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21890381, 21721002 and 21475029, Z. Y. T.+4 种基金21722102, 51672053 and 21303029, G. D. L.)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2182087, G. D. L.)Frontier Science Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. QYZDJ-SSW-SLH038,Z. Y. T.)K. C. Wong Education Foundation (Z. Y T.)Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (No. 2016036, G. D. L.).
摘要Ultrathin metalorganic framework (MOF) nanosheets are attracting great interest in catalysis due to their unique and intriguing two-dime nsional (2D) features. Although many progresses have been achieved, it is still highly desirable to develop novel strategies for controllable synthesis of the well-defined ultrathin MOF nanosheets. Herein we report a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-assisted route to synthesize the ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets characteristic of 1.5 nm in thickness, in which PVP is reacted with 2-aminoterephthalic acid (H2BDC-NH2) via formation of C=N bon d, followed by coord inatio n with Ni2+ io ns to form the ultrathi n MOF n anosheets. Impressively, when used in the Kno eve nagel condensation reactions of propane dinitrile with different aldehydes, ultrathin Ni-MOF nanosheets display the significantly enhanced catalytic activity and good stability in respect with the bulk Ni-MOF, mainly owing to the exposed active sites as well as facile mass transfer and diffusion of substrates and products.
基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2016YFA0200700,Z.Y.T)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21890381 and 21721002,Z.Y.T)+1 种基金Frontier Science Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH038,Z.Y.T)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(Z.Y.T).
摘要Atomically precise gold(Au)nanoclusters(NCs)as visible light photosensitizers supported on the substrate for photoredox catalysis have attracted considerable attentions.However,eficient control of their photocatalytic activity and long-term stability is still challenging.Herein,we report a coordination-assisted self-assembly strategy in combination with electrostatic interaction to sandwich Au2:(Capt)18(abbreviated as AU25,Capt=captopril)NCs between an inner core and an outer shell made of UiO-66,denoted as UiO-66@Au25@UiO-66.Notably,the sandwich-like nanocomposite displays significantly enhanced catalytic activity along with an excellent stability when used in the selective photocatalytic aerobic oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide.As comparison,AU25 NCs simply located at the outer surface or insider matrix of UiO-66(short as Au2/UiO-66 and AU2s@UiO-66)show poor stability and low conversion,respectively.This structure regulated difference in the catalytic performances of three nanocomposites is assigned to the varied distribution of active sites(Au NCs)in metal-organic frameworks(MOFs).This work offers the opportunity for application of nanoclusters in catalysis,energy conversion and even biology.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51573123, 51722305, and 51633005)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2016YFA0201200) 111 projectPriority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD).
摘要Co-delivery of anti-inflammatory siRNA and hydrophilic drug provides a promising approach for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, lack of a suitable and efficient co-delivery carrier poses critical challenge against their utilization. We herein developed macrophage-targeting, reversibly crossli nked polymersomes (TKPR-RCP) based on the TKPR-modified, poly(ethyle ne glycol)-b-poly(trimethylene carbonate-codithiolane trimethylene carbonate)-b-polyethylenimine (PEG-P(TMC-DTC)-PEI) triblock copolymer, which could efficiently encapsulate TNF-α siRNA and dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) in their hydrophilic core. The cationic PEI segments provided additional electrostatic interactions with cargo molecules to promote the encapsulatiion, and disulfide crosslinking of the polymersome membrane endowed the TKPR-RCP with high colloidal stability. Because the cationic PEI was embedded in the hydrophilic core, the polymersomes displayed neutral surface charge and thus possessed high serum stability. The TKPR-RCP co-encapsulating TNF-α siRNA and DSP could be efficiently internalized by macrophages (~98%) and undergo redox-responsive membrane de-crosslinking to accelerate cargo release in the cytoplasm, thus inducing efficient gene silencing and anti-inflammatory effect .Intravenous injectio n of the co-delivery TKPR-RCP mediated pote nt and cooperative anti-inflammatory effect in inflamed colons of UC mice, and significantly prevented animals from colonic injury. This study therefore provides a promising approach for the co-delivery of hydrophilic drug/siRNA toward the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970085 and 31670092)the National Key R&D program of China(2018YFA0901401)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP51707A)a grant from the Key Technologies R&D Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2019630)the 111 Project.Y.W.was sponsored by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M651702).
摘要Prokaryotic gene expression is largely regulated on transcriptional levels with the involvement of promoters,RNA polymerase and sigma factors.Developing new promoters to customize gene transcriptional regulation becomes increasingly demanded in synthetic biology and biotechnology.In this study,we designed synthetic promoters in the Gram-positive model bacterium Bacillus subtilis by interlocking the binding motifs ofσA for house-keeping gene expression and that of two alternative sigma factorsσH andσB which are involved in responding post-exponential growth and general stress,respectively.The developed promoters are recognized by multiple sigma factors and hence generate strong transcriptional strength when host cells grow under normal or stressed conditions.With green fluorescent protein as the reporter,a set of strong promoters were identified,in which the transcription activities of PHA-1,PHAB-4,PHAB-7 were 18.6,4.1,3.3 fold of that of the commonly used promoter P43,respectively.Moreover,some of the promoters such as PHA-1,PHAB-4,PHAB-7,PBA-2 displayed increased transcriptional activities in response to high salinity or low pH.The promoters developed in this study should enrich the biotechnological toolboxes of B.subtilis.
基金support received from the National Key Basic Research Program of China(2016YFA0200700,Z.Y.T.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21890381 and 21721002,Z.Y.T.)+1 种基金Frontier Science Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDJ-SSW-SLH038,Z.Y.T.)K.C.Wong Education Foundation(Z.Y.T.).
摘要Optimization of the hydrogen binding energy by controlling the surface electronic structure of electrocatalysts is of great significance in the hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR)in alkaline electrolytes.Herein,we demonstrated that the surface electronic structure of PtRu bimetallic nanoparticles could be finely tuned through the alloying degree;this led to enhanced HOR performance in an alkaline solution.The optimized Pt0.65Ru0.35 with high alloying degree exhibited the exchange current density of 4.16 A m-2,which was about 1.5 and 2.2 times those of Pt0.74Ru0.26 with a low alloying degree(2.75 A m-2)and Pt/C(1.89 A m-2),respectively.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+22 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle PhysicsWuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the"Excellence of Science-EOS"in Belgiumthe Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo in Chilethe Charles University Research Centrethe Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwan,Chinathe Chulalongkorn UniversitySuranaree University of Technology in Thailandthe University of California at Irvine in USA
摘要The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO)is a large liquid scintillator detector designed to explore many topics in fundamental physics.In this study,the potential of searching for proton decay in the p→νK+mode with JUNO is investigated.The kaon and its decay particles feature a clear three-fold coincidence signature that results in a high efficiency for identification.Moreover,the excellent energy resolution of JUNO permits suppression of the sizable background caused by other delayed signals.Based on these advantages,the detection efficiency for the proton decay via p→νK+is 36.9%±4.9%with a background level of 0.2±0.05(syst)±0.2(stat)events after 10 years of data collection.The estimated sensitivity based on 200 kton-years of exposure is 9.6×1033 years,which is competitive with the current best limits on the proton lifetime in this channel and complements the use of different detection technologies.
基金Supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Key R&D Program of China+18 种基金the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics,Wuyi Universitythe Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Chinathe Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique de Particules(IN2P3)in Francethe Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare(INFN)in Italythe Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFCthe Fond de la Recherche Scientifique(F.R.S-FNRS)FWO under the“Excellence of Science-EOS in Belgium”the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnològico in Brazilthe Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo and ANID-Millennium Science Initiative Program-ICN2019_044 in Chilethe Charles University Research Centre and the Ministry of Education,Youth,and Sports in Czech Republicthe Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG)the Helmholtz Associationthe Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+in Germanythe Joint Institute of Nuclear Research(JINR)and Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russiathe joint Russian Science Foundation(RSF)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)research programthe MOST and MOE in Taiwanthe Chulalongkorn University and Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand,University of California at Irvinethe National Science Foundation in USA。
摘要JUNO is a multi-purpose neutrino observatory under construction in the south of China.This publication presents new sensitivity estimates for the measurement of the△m312,△m212,sin2θ12,and sin2θ13oscillation parameters using reactor antineutrinos,which is one of the primary physics goals of the experiment.The sensitivities are obtained using the best knowledge available to date on the location and overburden of the experimental site,the nuclear reactors in the surrounding area and beyond,the detector response uncertainties,and the reactor antineutrino spectral shape constraints expected from the TAO satellite detector.It is found that the△m212and sin2θ12oscillation parameters will be determined to 0.5%precision or better in six years of data collection.In the same period,the△m312parameter will be determined to about 0.2%precision for each mass ordering hypothesis.The new precision represents approximately an order of magnitude improvement over existing constraints for these three parameters.