Microplastics(MPs)serve as hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),significantly influencing their abundance and spread.However,a systematic evaluation of the effects of MPs on spread of ARGs and mobile genetic...Microplastics(MPs)serve as hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),significantly influencing their abundance and spread.However,a systematic evaluation of the effects of MPs on spread of ARGs and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)remains absent.This meta-analysis,based on 388 ARGs pairs observations and 107 MGEs pairs observations from 10 studies,assessed the effects of MPs exposure on the abundance of ARGs and MGEs.The results showed significant increases in the abundance of ARGs and MGEs by 96.93%and 44.48%,respectively,under MPs exposure compared to the control.A marked increase in ARGs abundance was observed with polyethylene(PE)and polylactic acid(PLA)MPs,whereas MGEs abundance increased significantly under PE MPs.Both ARGs and MGEs abundances were higher under exposure to nm-sized MPs.Additionally,the abundances of ARGs and MGEs significantly increased when MPs concentrations surpassed 1000 mg/L for ARGs and 500 mg/L for MGEs.Following MPs exposure,ARGs increased across different aquatic environments,while MGEs were notably elevated in leachate filtrate and sewage.Regardless of MPs removal during detection,both ARGs and MGEs abundances showed significant increases.Furthermore,these abundances showed a cumulative effect with prolonged treatment duration.Random forest analysis revealed MPs size and treatment duration as the primary factors influencing ARGs and MGEs abundance.These findings emphasized the role of MPs in promoting ARGs enrichment and dissemination,providing insights into the underlying mechanisms.This offers valuable guidance for controlling the spread of ARGs and mitigating its environmental risks.展开更多
Molecular glues(MGs)represent a promising approach in protein regulation,especially for"undruggable"targets.Despite the advantages over traditional protein inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTA...Molecular glues(MGs)represent a promising approach in protein regulation,especially for"undruggable"targets.Despite the advantages over traditional protein inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs),MGs show various off-target effects,inducing general toxicities in patients.Herein,we describe a structure-guided design of visible-light photocaged MGs(vc-MGs),which precisely and spatiotemporally control the G1 to S phase transition 1(GSPT1)protein level and Burkitt's lymphoma through visible-light irradiation in vitro and in vivo.Notably,activated VL-MG-9 showed a potent antitumor effect in the RAMOS xenograft mouse model,while VL-MG-9 alone has no GSPT1 degradation activity or general toxicity in various organs even at high dose.Furthermore,proteomics assay and apoptosis analysis confirmed the selectivity and safety of VL-MG-9.Significantly,pharmacokinetic results demonstrated the enhanced permeability and bioavailability(F%)of VL-MG-9.These data clearly reveal the practicality and importance of vc-MGs as preliminary tool for the targeted therapy of malignancies with reduced systemic toxicity and improved druggability.展开更多
Prefertilization hybridization barriers are the main causes of intersubgeneric hybridization challenges in water lily.However,the mechanism underlying low compatibility between pollen and stigma of water lily remains ...Prefertilization hybridization barriers are the main causes of intersubgeneric hybridization challenges in water lily.However,the mechanism underlying low compatibility between pollen and stigma of water lily remains unclear.This study demonstrates that CBL-interacting protein kinase 6(CIPK6)responded to the signaling exchange between incompatible pollen and stigma through interactions with SNF1-related kinase 1(SnRK1)and promotes the accumulation of SnRK1 protein.Activated SnRK1 interacted with 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2(NCED2)to promote its degradation,thereby inhibiting abscisic acid(ABA)synthesis.A decrease in ABA content in the stigma impaired the ABA-mediated removal of reactive oxygen species(ROS),ultimately resulting in the rejection of the incompatible pollen by the stigma.Our results highlight the essential role of the NpCIPK6-NpSnRK1-NpNCED2 module in conferring intersubgeneric hybridization barriers in water lily by interfering with ABA synthesis and promoting ROS accumulation.This study offers valuable mechanistic insights into cellular signaling and reproductive barriers in water lily as well as across other biological contexts.展开更多
Flexible underwater vehicles with high maneuverability,high efficiency,high speed,and low disturbance have shown great application potential and research significance in underwater engineering,ocean exploration,scient...Flexible underwater vehicles with high maneuverability,high efficiency,high speed,and low disturbance have shown great application potential and research significance in underwater engineering,ocean exploration,scientific investigation and other fields.The research and development of flexible stimulus-responsive actuators is key to the development of high-performance underwater vehicles.At present,the main drive methods for underwater devices include electric drive,magnetic drive,light drive,thermal drive,and chemical drive.In this work,the research progress of stimuli-responsive actuators in water environment is reviewed from the stimuli-responsive patterns,functional design,fabrication methods,and applications in water environment.Firstly,the actuation principles and characteristics of electro-responsive,magnetic-responsive,photo-responsive,thermo-responsive actuators,and chemically responsive actuators are reviewed.Subsequently,several design requirements for the desired flexible actuators are introduced.After that,the common fabrication methods are summarized.The typical application of the stimuli-responsive actuator in the water environment is further discussed in combination with the multi-stimuli-responsive characteristics.Finally,the challenges faced by the application of stimuli-responsive actuators in the water environment are analyzed,and the corresponding viewpoints are presented.This review offers guidance for designing and preparing stimulus-responsive actuators and outlines directions for further development in fields such as ocean energy exploration and surface reconnaissance.展开更多
Photocatalytic membranes hold significant potential for promoting pollutant degradation and reducing membrane fouling in filtration systems.Although extensive research has been conducted on the independent design of p...Photocatalytic membranes hold significant potential for promoting pollutant degradation and reducing membrane fouling in filtration systems.Although extensive research has been conducted on the independent design of photocatalysts or membrane materials to improve their catalytic and filtration performance,the complex structures and interface mechanisms,as well as insufficient light utilization,are still often overlooked,limiting the overall performance improvement of photocatalytic membranes.This work provides an overview of enhancement strategies involving restricted area effects,external fields,such as mechanical,magnetic,thermal,and electrical fields,as well as coupling techniques with advanced oxidation processes(e.g.,O3,Fenton,and persulfate oxidation)for dual enhancement of photocatalysts and membranes.In addition,the synthesis method of photocatalytic membranes and the influence of factors,such as light source type,frequency,and relative position on photocatalytic membrane performance were also studied.Finally,economic feasibility and pollutant removal performance were further evaluated to determine the promising enhancement strategies,paving the way for more efficient and scalable applications of photocatalytic membranes.展开更多
Soil salinity severely affects wheat(Triticum aestivum)yield and quality.Identifying salt-tolerance genes and elucidating their mechanisms are essential for improving salt tolerance in this crop.Previously,the wheat m...Soil salinity severely affects wheat(Triticum aestivum)yield and quality.Identifying salt-tolerance genes and elucidating their mechanisms are essential for improving salt tolerance in this crop.Previously,the wheat microRNA tae-miR9668 was found to be significantly downregulated by salt stress.Tae-miR9668 was predicted to target TaRPM1-1A,but how these two genes are involved in wheat salt tolerance is unclear.Here,we demonstrated that tae-miR9668 negatively regulates TaRPM1-1A expression,as overexpressing tae-miR9668 in transgenic lines suppressed TaRPM1-1A expression,leading to enhanced sensitivity to salt stress.Conversely,transgenic lines overexpressing TaRPM1-1A exhibited significantly enhanced salt tolerance.Under salt stress,TaRPM1-1A-overexpressing plants exhibited reduced oxidative damage,as shown by reduced MDA content and reactive oxygen species levels.Accordingly,the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD,POD,CAT,and APX increased,together with increased accumulation of osmoprotectants such as proline,soluble sugars,and soluble proteins relative to the control.By contrast,tae-miR9668 overexpression had opposite effects in transgenic plants.Additional molecular studies showed that tae-miR9668 can cleave TaRPM1-1A mRNA,whereas TaRPM1-1A can interact with TaSnRK1.3-D,supporting its role in salt tolerance.Therefore,the tae-miR9668–TaRPM1-1A module might play important roles in salt tolerance in wheat,providing valuable targets for breeding salt-resilient wheat varieties.展开更多
The rational design of Ni-based catalysts is essential due to their abundance and low cost for advancing sustainable energy technologies,particularly for water splitting and fuel cells.This study employs spinpolarized...The rational design of Ni-based catalysts is essential due to their abundance and low cost for advancing sustainable energy technologies,particularly for water splitting and fuel cells.This study employs spinpolarized density functional theory(DFT)to examine the influence of anchoring rare-earth elements on the γ-NiOOH lattice surface,aiming to identify the optimal catalytic site for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Following the identification of an appropriate active site through Ni vacancy,a rare earth element(REE1)is introduced as a dopant for single-atom catalysis(SACs).The structural,thermodynamic,and catalytic characteristics of all newly designed REE1/γ-NiOOH catalysts have been extensively studied.Among the newly developed catalysts,Tb1/γ-NiOOH exhibits the lowest OER overpotential of(0.36 V),while Ce1/γ-NiOOH and Pr1/γ-NiOOH also demonstrate excellent OER performance(0.51 and 0.41 V),respectively.Notably,Nd1/γ-NiOOH and Pm1/γ-NiOOH exhibit efficient ORR activity,with low overpotentials of(0.63 and 0.61 V)due to their balanced adsorption and desorption energies of intermediates.Bader charge analysis reveals strong electron donation from doped REE1to the surface.This study identified Ce1,Pr1,Nd1,and Tb1 anchoring catalysts as highly promising for water-splitting applications.Moreover,Nd1 and Pm1 doping markedly improve ORR performance,underscoring their promise for enhanced electrochemical applications in metal-air batteries.The catalytic performance of all newly developed catalysts was further evaluated using electronic descriptors.The catalytic performance was further assessed using the volcano curve and scaling relationships for the adsorbed intermediates.This study offers an extensive theoretical foundation for designing cost-effective and high-performance REE1/γ-NiOOH electrocatalysts.展开更多
Wheat is a staple crop worldwide, but yields may diminish as climate change causes increasingly unpredictable patterns of precipitation and soil nutrient availability. Farmers are thus challenged to maximize planting ...Wheat is a staple crop worldwide, but yields may diminish as climate change causes increasingly unpredictable patterns of precipitation and soil nutrient availability. Farmers are thus challenged to maximize planting efficiency to increase yield, while also improving their resource use efficiency. In this study the effectiveness of tridimensional uniform sowing was tested across a range of planting densities for winter wheat crops on the North China Plain. Tridimensional uniform sowing was tested against conventional drilling at three planting densities (180 × 104, 270 × 104, and 360 × 104 plants ha 1) and assessed for water consumption, biomass, nitrogen uptake and allocation, and aspects of yield. The tridimensional uniform sowing treatment outperformed the conventional drilling treatment in most metrics and at most planting densities, while performing markedly better at higher planting densities. Water consumption decreased and nitrogen efficiency increased. Tiller number and percentage of productive tillers, leaf area index, dry weight, and yield increased without a significant decline in grain protein. Nitrogen allocation was more efficient under tridimensional uniform sowing than with conventional drilling, and also varied according to annual precipitation and planting density. Both yield and grain protein contents were significantly correlated with the amount of pre-anthesis accumu- lated nitrogen translocated from vegetative organs to kernels after anthesis. Overall, a density of 270 × 104 plants ha 1 provided the highest water use efficiency and grain yield. Tridimensional uniform sowing will benefit farmers by forming stronger overall crops, promoting the coordinated improvement of yield, nitrogen uptake and efficiency, and increasing grain protein content at higher planting densities.展开更多
Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets ...Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets between complex diseases and CHM formulas,we developed an artificial intelligence-based quantitative predictive algorithm(DeepTCM).DeepTCM has gone through multilevel model calibration and validation against a comprehensive set of herb and disease data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling,molecular and theoretical levels of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).As an example,our model simulated the optimal CHM formulas for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)with depression,and through model sensitivity analysis,we calculated the balanced scoring of the formulas.Furthermore,we constructed a biological knowledge graph representing interactions by associating herb-target and gene-disease interactions.Finally,we experimentally confirmed the therapeutic effect and pharmacological mechanism of a novel model-predicted intervention in humans and mice.This novel multiscale model opened up a new avenue to combine“disease syndrome”and“macro micro”system modeling to facilitate translational research in CHM formulas.展开更多
The content of wheat flour proteins affects the quality of wheat flour. Sulfur nutrition in wheat can change the protein content of the flour. The inconsistency and instability of wheat grain quality during grain fill...The content of wheat flour proteins affects the quality of wheat flour. Sulfur nutrition in wheat can change the protein content of the flour. The inconsistency and instability of wheat grain quality during grain filling under high temperature stress(HTS) are a major challenge to the production of high-quality wheat. The effects of sulfur fertilization and HTS on wheat flour protein and its components are unknown. In this study, treatments varying two factors: sulfur fertilization and exposure to short-term HTS, at 20 days postanthesis, were applied to two wheat cultivars with differing gluten types. Plants of a stronggluten wheat(Gaoyou 2018) and a medium-gluten wheat(Zhongmai 8) were grown in pots in Beijing in 2015–2017. HTS significantly increased the contents of total protein, albumin,gliadin, glutenin, Cys, and Met in wheat kernels, but reduced grain yield, grain weight,protein yield, globulin content, and total starch accumulation. The HTS-induced increase in total protein amount was closely associated with nitrate reductase(NR) and glutamine synthetase(GS) activities in flag leaves. Sulfur fertilization increased grain and protein yields; grain weight; total protein, albumin, gliadin, glutenin, and globulin contents; protein yield; total starch; Cys, Met; and NR and GS activities. HTS and sulfur fertilization had larger effects on the strong-than on the medium-gluten cultivar. Sulfur fertilization also alleviated the negative effects of HTS on grain yield, protein yield, and starch content.Thus, growing wheat with additional soil sulfur can improve the quality of the flour.展开更多
In recent years, the sodium storage mechanism and performance optimization of FeS2 have been studied intensively. However, before the commercial application of FeS2, preconditions of low-cost, simple craft and scale p...In recent years, the sodium storage mechanism and performance optimization of FeS2 have been studied intensively. However, before the commercial application of FeS2, preconditions of low-cost, simple craft and scale production of nanoscale FeS2 are also essential. Based on above challenges, mesh-like FeS2/carbon tube/FeS2 composites are prepared simply from green, low-cost and renewable natural herb in this work. With the assistance of protogenetic interconnected carbon tube network(only 5.3 wt%), FeS2/carbon tube/FeS2 composites show high capacity(542.2 mA h g^-1), good stability(< 0.005% per cycle over 1000 cycles), and excellent rate performance(426.2 mA h g^-1 at 2 A g^-1).The outstanding electrochemical performance of FeS2/carbon tube/FeS2 composites may be attributed to the unique interconnected reticular structure, meaning that FeS2 nanoparticles are effectively immobilized by carbon tube network via physical encapsulation and chemical bonding.More importantly, this work may provide green and low cost preparation method for specially structured metal sulfides/carbon composites,which promotes their commercial utilization in environmentally friendly energy storage system.展开更多
Catalytic converting CO2into fuels with the help of solar energy is regarded as‘dream reaction’,as both energy crisis and environmental issue can be mitigated simultaneously.However,it is still suffering from low...Catalytic converting CO2into fuels with the help of solar energy is regarded as‘dream reaction’,as both energy crisis and environmental issue can be mitigated simultaneously.However,it is still suffering from low efficiency due to narrow solar-spectrum utilization and sluggish heterogeneous reaction kinetics.In this work,we demonstrate that catalytic reduction of CO2can be achieved over Au nanoparticles(NPs)deposited rutile under full solar-spectrum irradiation,boosted by solar-heating effect.We found that UV and visible light can initiate the reaction,and the heat from IR light and local surface-plasmon resonance relaxation of Au NPs can boost the reaction kinetically.The apparent activation energy is determined experimentally and is used to explain the superior catalytic activity of Auutile to rutile in a kinetic way.We also find the photo-thermal synergy in the Auutile system.We envision that this work may facilitate understanding the kinetics of CO2reduction and developing feasible catalytic systems with full solar spectrum utilization for practical artificial photosynthesis.展开更多
Simultaneous generation of H2 fuel and value-added chemicals has attracted increasing attention since the photogenerated electrons and holes can be both employed to convert solar light into chemical energy.Herein,f...Simultaneous generation of H2 fuel and value-added chemicals has attracted increasing attention since the photogenerated electrons and holes can be both employed to convert solar light into chemical energy.Herein,for realizing UV-visible-NIR light driven dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol(BA)into benzaldehydes(BAD)and H2,a novel localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)enhanced S-scheme heterojunction was designed by combining noble-metal-free plasmon MoO3-x as oxidation semiconductor and Zn0.1Cd0.9S as reduction semiconductor.The photoredox system of Zn0.1Cd0.9S/MoO3-x displayed an unconventional reaction model,in which the BA served as both electron donor and acceptor.The S-scheme charge transfer mechanism induced by the formed internal electric field enhanced the redox ability of charge carriers thermodynamically and boosted charge separation kinetically.Moreover,due to the LSPR effect of MoO3-x nanosheets,Zn0.1Cd0.9S/MoO3-x photocatalysts exhibited strong absorption in the region of full solar spectrum.Therefore,the Zn0.1Cd0.9S/MoO3-x composite generated H2 and BAD simultaneously via selective oxidation of BA with high production(34.38 and 33.83 mmol×g–1 for H2 and BAD,respectively)upon full solar illumination.Even under NIR light irradiation,the H2 production rate could up to 94.5 mmol×g–1×h–1.In addition,the Zn0.1Cd0.9S/MoO3-x composite displayed effective photocatalytic H2 evolution rate up to 149.2 mmol×g–1×h–1 from water,which was approximate 6 times that of pure Zn0.1Cd0.9S.This work provides a reference for rational design of plasmonic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for coproduction of high-value chemicals and solar fuel production.展开更多
The practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,as promising next-generation batteries,is hindered by their shuttle effect and the slow redox kinetics.Herein,a tungsten and molybdenum nitride heterostructur...The practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,as promising next-generation batteries,is hindered by their shuttle effect and the slow redox kinetics.Herein,a tungsten and molybdenum nitride heterostructure functionalized with hollow metal-organic framework-derived carbon(W2N/Mo2N)was proposed as the sulfur host.The hollow spherical structure provides storage space for sulfur,enhances electrical conductivity,and inhibits volume expansion.The metal atoms in the nitrides bonded with lithium polysulfides(Li PSs)through Lewis covalent bonds,enhancing the high catalytic activity of the nitrides and effectively reducing the energy barrier of Li PSs redox conversion.Moreover,the high intrinsic conductivity of nitrides and the ability of the heterostructure interface to accelerate electron/ion transport improved the Li+transmission.By leveraging the combined properties of strong adsorption and high catalytic activity,the sulfur host effectively inhibited the shuttle effect and accelerated the redox kinetics of Li PSs.High-efficiency Li+transmission,strong adsorption,and the efficient catalytic conversion activities of Li PSs in the heterostructure were experimentally and theoretically verified.The results indicate that the W2N/Mo2N cathode provides stable,and long-term cycling(over 2000 cycles)at 3 C with a low attenuation rate of 0.0196%per cycle.The design strategy of a twinborn nitride heterostructure thus provides a functionalized solution for advanced Li-S batteries.展开更多
Dear Editor,In order to realize the pixel level light adjusting control of the binocular high dynamic light adjusting and imaging system, this letter proposed a novel self-calibration method. By analyzing the optical ...Dear Editor,In order to realize the pixel level light adjusting control of the binocular high dynamic light adjusting and imaging system, this letter proposed a novel self-calibration method. By analyzing the optical design of the system, the causes of the distortion are given and a distortion model is established. Then, a quick and accurate self-calibration method is designed. The experiments indicate that the method can calibrate the two image sensors of the system at the same time,the average pixel deviation of the calibrated system is less than 0.5pixels and the maximum deviation is less than 1 pixel.展开更多
The performance of a biofilter for off-gas treatment relies on the activity of microorganisms and adequate O_2 and H_2O. In present study, a microelectrode was applied to analyze O_2 in polyurethane foam cubes(PUFCs...The performance of a biofilter for off-gas treatment relies on the activity of microorganisms and adequate O_2 and H_2O. In present study, a microelectrode was applied to analyze O_2 in polyurethane foam cubes(PUFCs) packed in a biofilter for SO_2 removal. The O_2 distribution varied with the density and water-containing rate(WCR) of PUFCs. The O_2 concentration dropped sharply from 10.2 to 0.8 mg/L from the surface to the center of a PUFC with 97.20%of WCR. The PUFCs with high WCR presented aerobic–anoxic–aerobic areas.Three-dimensional simulated images demonstrated that the structure of PUFCs with high WCR consisted of an aerobic "shell" and an anoxic "core", with high-density PUFCs featuring a larger anoxic area than low-density PUFCs. Moreover, the H_2O distribution in the PUFC was uneven and affected the O_2 concentration. Whereas aerobic bacteria were observed in the PUFC surface, facultative anaerobic microorganisms were found at the PUFC core, where the O_2 concentration was relatively low. O_2 and H_2O distributions differed in the PUFCs, and the distribution of microorganisms varied accordingly.展开更多
Lotus(Nelumbo)is one of the top ten flowers in China,which has high ornamental,edible and medicinal value.Lotus has a been cultivated for thousands of years.Through discovery and cultivation,more than 4,000 cultivars ...Lotus(Nelumbo)is one of the top ten flowers in China,which has high ornamental,edible and medicinal value.Lotus has a been cultivated for thousands of years.Through discovery and cultivation,more than 4,000 cultivars have been recorded.However,the information related to lotus breeding is quite scattered,and the related genetic rules and trait formation mechanisms are still poorly understood,which has caused a greater impact on lotus genetic breeding.This article systematically introduces lotus germplasm resources,including wild species and cultivated species,summarizes lotus breeding methods and breeding directions,and focuses on the latest progress in the isolation and functional identification of structural and regulatory genes related to important horticultural traits.Prospects for the protection and utilization of lotus resources,breeding and industrialization are reported.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of p16/Ki-67 dual stain used as a triage in cervical cancer screening.Methods:In this study,we did 468 p16/Ki-67 dual stain in human papillomavirus(HPV)16/18-positive or 12 other h...Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of p16/Ki-67 dual stain used as a triage in cervical cancer screening.Methods:In this study,we did 468 p16/Ki-67 dual stain in human papillomavirus(HPV)16/18-positive or 12 other high-risk HPV(OHR-HPV)positive Thinprep cytologic test(TCT)atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS)/lower-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL)women.We evaluated the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)of the triage test.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of p16/Ki-67 dual stain in HPV 16/18-positive women were91.5%/68.4%,77.0%/75.0%,73.9%/59.1%and 92.8%/81.8%.In 12 OHR-HPV positive TCT ASCUS/LSIL women,the results were 79.1%/95.0%,88.5%/66.7%,88.5%/70.4%and 89.2%/94.1%.The risk of precancerous lesions in p16/Ki-67 dual stain positive cases was much higher than before,and the negative cases had lower risk.Besides,there was no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)III case missed after triaged by p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology.In p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology positive women with benign pathology or CIN I,the 1-year progression rate is 20.5%and in p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology negative women,the 1-year progression rate is5.6%.Conclusions:hr-HPV genotyping test plays an important role in cervical cancer screening.p16/Ki-67 dual stain may be a promising triage test.As for chronic cervicitis or CIN I patients,a positive p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology suggests a high risk in progression and need to be followed up closely.展开更多
Objective: To explore the safety of ultrasound and microbubbles for enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors in the digestive system in a clinical trial, as well as its efficacy.Methods: From O...Objective: To explore the safety of ultrasound and microbubbles for enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors in the digestive system in a clinical trial, as well as its efficacy.Methods: From October 2014 to June 2016, twelve patients volunteered to participate in this study. Eleven patients had hepatic metastases from tumors of the digestive system, and one patient had pancreatic carcinoma. According to the mechanical index (MI) in the ultrasound field, patients were classified into four groups with MIs of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. Within half an hour after chemotherapy, patients underwent ultrasound scanning with ultrasound microbubbles (SonoVue) to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. All adverse reactions were recorded and were classified in 4 grades according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 (CTCAE V4.03). Tumor responses were evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 criteria. All the patients were followed up until progression.Results: All the adverse reactions recorded were level 1 or level 2. No local pain occurred in any of the patients. Among all the adverse reactions, fever might be related to the treatment with ultrasound combined with microbubbles. Six patients had stable disease (SD), and one patient had a partial response (PR) after the first cycle of treatment. At the end of follow-up, tumor progression was restricted to the original sites, and no new lesions had appeared.Conclusions: Our preliminary data showed the potential role of a combined treatment with ultrasound and microbubbles in enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors of the digestive system. This technique is safe when the MI is no greater than 1.0.展开更多
Recently,two-dimension(2D)materials have fueled considerable interest in the field of gas sensing to cope urgent demands at specific scenarios.Unfortunately,the susceptibility to ambient humidity,and/or fragile operat...Recently,two-dimension(2D)materials have fueled considerable interest in the field of gas sensing to cope urgent demands at specific scenarios.Unfortunately,the susceptibility to ambient humidity,and/or fragile operation stability always frustrate their further practicability.To overcome these drawbacks,we proposed one novel flexible gas sensor based on bismuth selenide(Bi2Se3)nanoplates for sensitive NO2detection at room temperature.The as-prepared Bi2Se3sensor exhibited favorable sensing performance,including remarkable NO2selectivity,high response of 120%and fast response time of 81 s toward 5ppm NO2,an ultralow detection limit of 100 ppb,and nice stability.Besides,the excellent humidity tolerance and mechanical flexibility endowed Bi2Se3sensors with admirable reliability under harsh working conditions.The first-principles calculation further revealed the insights of extraordinary NO2selectivity and the underlying gas-sensing mechanism.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42377388).
摘要Microplastics(MPs)serve as hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),significantly influencing their abundance and spread.However,a systematic evaluation of the effects of MPs on spread of ARGs and mobile genetic elements(MGEs)remains absent.This meta-analysis,based on 388 ARGs pairs observations and 107 MGEs pairs observations from 10 studies,assessed the effects of MPs exposure on the abundance of ARGs and MGEs.The results showed significant increases in the abundance of ARGs and MGEs by 96.93%and 44.48%,respectively,under MPs exposure compared to the control.A marked increase in ARGs abundance was observed with polyethylene(PE)and polylactic acid(PLA)MPs,whereas MGEs abundance increased significantly under PE MPs.Both ARGs and MGEs abundances were higher under exposure to nm-sized MPs.Additionally,the abundances of ARGs and MGEs significantly increased when MPs concentrations surpassed 1000 mg/L for ARGs and 500 mg/L for MGEs.Following MPs exposure,ARGs increased across different aquatic environments,while MGEs were notably elevated in leachate filtrate and sewage.Regardless of MPs removal during detection,both ARGs and MGEs abundances showed significant increases.Furthermore,these abundances showed a cumulative effect with prolonged treatment duration.Random forest analysis revealed MPs size and treatment duration as the primary factors influencing ARGs and MGEs abundance.These findings emphasized the role of MPs in promoting ARGs enrichment and dissemination,providing insights into the underlying mechanisms.This offers valuable guidance for controlling the spread of ARGs and mitigating its environmental risks.
基金Financial support for this work was sponsored by Beijing Nova Program(No.20240484709)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82304315)+1 种基金the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2023RC350–02)Startup Funding from State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines,Institute of Materia Medica,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College。
摘要Molecular glues(MGs)represent a promising approach in protein regulation,especially for"undruggable"targets.Despite the advantages over traditional protein inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras(PROTACs),MGs show various off-target effects,inducing general toxicities in patients.Herein,we describe a structure-guided design of visible-light photocaged MGs(vc-MGs),which precisely and spatiotemporally control the G1 to S phase transition 1(GSPT1)protein level and Burkitt's lymphoma through visible-light irradiation in vitro and in vivo.Notably,activated VL-MG-9 showed a potent antitumor effect in the RAMOS xenograft mouse model,while VL-MG-9 alone has no GSPT1 degradation activity or general toxicity in various organs even at high dose.Furthermore,proteomics assay and apoptosis analysis confirmed the selectivity and safety of VL-MG-9.Significantly,pharmacokinetic results demonstrated the enhanced permeability and bioavailability(F%)of VL-MG-9.These data clearly reveal the practicality and importance of vc-MGs as preliminary tool for the targeted therapy of malignancies with reduced systemic toxicity and improved druggability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.U1803104 and U2003113)Hainan Natural Science Foundation(grant no.2021JJLH0031)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(grant no.2022GXNSFBA035635).
摘要Prefertilization hybridization barriers are the main causes of intersubgeneric hybridization challenges in water lily.However,the mechanism underlying low compatibility between pollen and stigma of water lily remains unclear.This study demonstrates that CBL-interacting protein kinase 6(CIPK6)responded to the signaling exchange between incompatible pollen and stigma through interactions with SNF1-related kinase 1(SnRK1)and promotes the accumulation of SnRK1 protein.Activated SnRK1 interacted with 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2(NCED2)to promote its degradation,thereby inhibiting abscisic acid(ABA)synthesis.A decrease in ABA content in the stigma impaired the ABA-mediated removal of reactive oxygen species(ROS),ultimately resulting in the rejection of the incompatible pollen by the stigma.Our results highlight the essential role of the NpCIPK6-NpSnRK1-NpNCED2 module in conferring intersubgeneric hybridization barriers in water lily by interfering with ABA synthesis and promoting ROS accumulation.This study offers valuable mechanistic insights into cellular signaling and reproductive barriers in water lily as well as across other biological contexts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4703401)the Ministry of Education Joint Fund(8091B032250)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(B240205045)。
摘要Flexible underwater vehicles with high maneuverability,high efficiency,high speed,and low disturbance have shown great application potential and research significance in underwater engineering,ocean exploration,scientific investigation and other fields.The research and development of flexible stimulus-responsive actuators is key to the development of high-performance underwater vehicles.At present,the main drive methods for underwater devices include electric drive,magnetic drive,light drive,thermal drive,and chemical drive.In this work,the research progress of stimuli-responsive actuators in water environment is reviewed from the stimuli-responsive patterns,functional design,fabrication methods,and applications in water environment.Firstly,the actuation principles and characteristics of electro-responsive,magnetic-responsive,photo-responsive,thermo-responsive actuators,and chemically responsive actuators are reviewed.Subsequently,several design requirements for the desired flexible actuators are introduced.After that,the common fabrication methods are summarized.The typical application of the stimuli-responsive actuator in the water environment is further discussed in combination with the multi-stimuli-responsive characteristics.Finally,the challenges faced by the application of stimuli-responsive actuators in the water environment are analyzed,and the corresponding viewpoints are presented.This review offers guidance for designing and preparing stimulus-responsive actuators and outlines directions for further development in fields such as ocean energy exploration and surface reconnaissance.
基金supported by the BRICS STI Framework Programme(No.52261145703)the Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project(National 111 Project,No.B16016)the Guangxi Key Research and Development Plan Project(AB24010117).
摘要Photocatalytic membranes hold significant potential for promoting pollutant degradation and reducing membrane fouling in filtration systems.Although extensive research has been conducted on the independent design of photocatalysts or membrane materials to improve their catalytic and filtration performance,the complex structures and interface mechanisms,as well as insufficient light utilization,are still often overlooked,limiting the overall performance improvement of photocatalytic membranes.This work provides an overview of enhancement strategies involving restricted area effects,external fields,such as mechanical,magnetic,thermal,and electrical fields,as well as coupling techniques with advanced oxidation processes(e.g.,O3,Fenton,and persulfate oxidation)for dual enhancement of photocatalysts and membranes.In addition,the synthesis method of photocatalytic membranes and the influence of factors,such as light source type,frequency,and relative position on photocatalytic membrane performance were also studied.Finally,economic feasibility and pollutant removal performance were further evaluated to determine the promising enhancement strategies,paving the way for more efficient and scalable applications of photocatalytic membranes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372167)the Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Plan(Agricultural Seed Improvement Project)(2023LZGCQY011,2023LZGC009)the Wheat Innovation Team of Modern Agricultural Production Systems in Shandong Province(SDAIT01-06).
摘要Soil salinity severely affects wheat(Triticum aestivum)yield and quality.Identifying salt-tolerance genes and elucidating their mechanisms are essential for improving salt tolerance in this crop.Previously,the wheat microRNA tae-miR9668 was found to be significantly downregulated by salt stress.Tae-miR9668 was predicted to target TaRPM1-1A,but how these two genes are involved in wheat salt tolerance is unclear.Here,we demonstrated that tae-miR9668 negatively regulates TaRPM1-1A expression,as overexpressing tae-miR9668 in transgenic lines suppressed TaRPM1-1A expression,leading to enhanced sensitivity to salt stress.Conversely,transgenic lines overexpressing TaRPM1-1A exhibited significantly enhanced salt tolerance.Under salt stress,TaRPM1-1A-overexpressing plants exhibited reduced oxidative damage,as shown by reduced MDA content and reactive oxygen species levels.Accordingly,the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD,POD,CAT,and APX increased,together with increased accumulation of osmoprotectants such as proline,soluble sugars,and soluble proteins relative to the control.By contrast,tae-miR9668 overexpression had opposite effects in transgenic plants.Additional molecular studies showed that tae-miR9668 can cleave TaRPM1-1A mRNA,whereas TaRPM1-1A can interact with TaSnRK1.3-D,supporting its role in salt tolerance.Therefore,the tae-miR9668–TaRPM1-1A module might play important roles in salt tolerance in wheat,providing valuable targets for breeding salt-resilient wheat varieties.
基金supported by the BRICS STI Framework Programme(No.52261145703)the Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project(National 111 Project,No.B16016)。
摘要The rational design of Ni-based catalysts is essential due to their abundance and low cost for advancing sustainable energy technologies,particularly for water splitting and fuel cells.This study employs spinpolarized density functional theory(DFT)to examine the influence of anchoring rare-earth elements on the γ-NiOOH lattice surface,aiming to identify the optimal catalytic site for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Following the identification of an appropriate active site through Ni vacancy,a rare earth element(REE1)is introduced as a dopant for single-atom catalysis(SACs).The structural,thermodynamic,and catalytic characteristics of all newly designed REE1/γ-NiOOH catalysts have been extensively studied.Among the newly developed catalysts,Tb1/γ-NiOOH exhibits the lowest OER overpotential of(0.36 V),while Ce1/γ-NiOOH and Pr1/γ-NiOOH also demonstrate excellent OER performance(0.51 and 0.41 V),respectively.Notably,Nd1/γ-NiOOH and Pm1/γ-NiOOH exhibit efficient ORR activity,with low overpotentials of(0.63 and 0.61 V)due to their balanced adsorption and desorption energies of intermediates.Bader charge analysis reveals strong electron donation from doped REE1to the surface.This study identified Ce1,Pr1,Nd1,and Tb1 anchoring catalysts as highly promising for water-splitting applications.Moreover,Nd1 and Pm1 doping markedly improve ORR performance,underscoring their promise for enhanced electrochemical applications in metal-air batteries.The catalytic performance of all newly developed catalysts was further evaluated using electronic descriptors.The catalytic performance was further assessed using the volcano curve and scaling relationships for the adsorbed intermediates.This study offers an extensive theoretical foundation for designing cost-effective and high-performance REE1/γ-NiOOH electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300407)Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-03)Agricultural Technology Test Demonstration and Service Support (118003)
摘要Wheat is a staple crop worldwide, but yields may diminish as climate change causes increasingly unpredictable patterns of precipitation and soil nutrient availability. Farmers are thus challenged to maximize planting efficiency to increase yield, while also improving their resource use efficiency. In this study the effectiveness of tridimensional uniform sowing was tested across a range of planting densities for winter wheat crops on the North China Plain. Tridimensional uniform sowing was tested against conventional drilling at three planting densities (180 × 104, 270 × 104, and 360 × 104 plants ha 1) and assessed for water consumption, biomass, nitrogen uptake and allocation, and aspects of yield. The tridimensional uniform sowing treatment outperformed the conventional drilling treatment in most metrics and at most planting densities, while performing markedly better at higher planting densities. Water consumption decreased and nitrogen efficiency increased. Tiller number and percentage of productive tillers, leaf area index, dry weight, and yield increased without a significant decline in grain protein. Nitrogen allocation was more efficient under tridimensional uniform sowing than with conventional drilling, and also varied according to annual precipitation and planting density. Both yield and grain protein contents were significantly correlated with the amount of pre-anthesis accumu- lated nitrogen translocated from vegetative organs to kernels after anthesis. Overall, a density of 270 × 104 plants ha 1 provided the highest water use efficiency and grain yield. Tridimensional uniform sowing will benefit farmers by forming stronger overall crops, promoting the coordinated improvement of yield, nitrogen uptake and efficiency, and increasing grain protein content at higher planting densities.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82174246)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.:2019YFC1708701)the Postdoctoral Innovation Talent Support Program(Grant No.:BX20220329).
摘要Recent trends suggest that Chinese herbal medicine formulas(CHM formulas)are promising treatments for complex diseases.To characterize the precise syndromes,precise diseases and precise targets of the precise targets between complex diseases and CHM formulas,we developed an artificial intelligence-based quantitative predictive algorithm(DeepTCM).DeepTCM has gone through multilevel model calibration and validation against a comprehensive set of herb and disease data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling,molecular and theoretical levels of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).As an example,our model simulated the optimal CHM formulas for the treatment of coronary heart disease(CHD)with depression,and through model sensitivity analysis,we calculated the balanced scoring of the formulas.Furthermore,we constructed a biological knowledge graph representing interactions by associating herb-target and gene-disease interactions.Finally,we experimentally confirmed the therapeutic effect and pharmacological mechanism of a novel model-predicted intervention in humans and mice.This novel multiscale model opened up a new avenue to combine“disease syndrome”and“macro micro”system modeling to facilitate translational research in CHM formulas.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300407)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03)
摘要The content of wheat flour proteins affects the quality of wheat flour. Sulfur nutrition in wheat can change the protein content of the flour. The inconsistency and instability of wheat grain quality during grain filling under high temperature stress(HTS) are a major challenge to the production of high-quality wheat. The effects of sulfur fertilization and HTS on wheat flour protein and its components are unknown. In this study, treatments varying two factors: sulfur fertilization and exposure to short-term HTS, at 20 days postanthesis, were applied to two wheat cultivars with differing gluten types. Plants of a stronggluten wheat(Gaoyou 2018) and a medium-gluten wheat(Zhongmai 8) were grown in pots in Beijing in 2015–2017. HTS significantly increased the contents of total protein, albumin,gliadin, glutenin, Cys, and Met in wheat kernels, but reduced grain yield, grain weight,protein yield, globulin content, and total starch accumulation. The HTS-induced increase in total protein amount was closely associated with nitrate reductase(NR) and glutamine synthetase(GS) activities in flag leaves. Sulfur fertilization increased grain and protein yields; grain weight; total protein, albumin, gliadin, glutenin, and globulin contents; protein yield; total starch; Cys, Met; and NR and GS activities. HTS and sulfur fertilization had larger effects on the strong-than on the medium-gluten cultivar. Sulfur fertilization also alleviated the negative effects of HTS on grain yield, protein yield, and starch content.Thus, growing wheat with additional soil sulfur can improve the quality of the flour.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1804126, U1804129, 21671205, 21771164 and 21701202)Key Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Henan Province (Grant No. 19A430032 and 18A430034)+2 种基金Program for Interdisciplinary Direction Team in Zhongyuan University of Technologythe Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Textile and Clothing Industrythe Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province (Grant No. 164100510007 and CXTD2015018)
摘要In recent years, the sodium storage mechanism and performance optimization of FeS2 have been studied intensively. However, before the commercial application of FeS2, preconditions of low-cost, simple craft and scale production of nanoscale FeS2 are also essential. Based on above challenges, mesh-like FeS2/carbon tube/FeS2 composites are prepared simply from green, low-cost and renewable natural herb in this work. With the assistance of protogenetic interconnected carbon tube network(only 5.3 wt%), FeS2/carbon tube/FeS2 composites show high capacity(542.2 mA h g^-1), good stability(< 0.005% per cycle over 1000 cycles), and excellent rate performance(426.2 mA h g^-1 at 2 A g^-1).The outstanding electrochemical performance of FeS2/carbon tube/FeS2 composites may be attributed to the unique interconnected reticular structure, meaning that FeS2 nanoparticles are effectively immobilized by carbon tube network via physical encapsulation and chemical bonding.More importantly, this work may provide green and low cost preparation method for specially structured metal sulfides/carbon composites,which promotes their commercial utilization in environmentally friendly energy storage system.
基金supported by the Belt and Road Initiative by Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(21673052,11404074)
摘要Catalytic converting CO2into fuels with the help of solar energy is regarded as‘dream reaction’,as both energy crisis and environmental issue can be mitigated simultaneously.However,it is still suffering from low efficiency due to narrow solar-spectrum utilization and sluggish heterogeneous reaction kinetics.In this work,we demonstrate that catalytic reduction of CO2can be achieved over Au nanoparticles(NPs)deposited rutile under full solar-spectrum irradiation,boosted by solar-heating effect.We found that UV and visible light can initiate the reaction,and the heat from IR light and local surface-plasmon resonance relaxation of Au NPs can boost the reaction kinetically.The apparent activation energy is determined experimentally and is used to explain the superior catalytic activity of Auutile to rutile in a kinetic way.We also find the photo-thermal synergy in the Auutile system.We envision that this work may facilitate understanding the kinetics of CO2reduction and developing feasible catalytic systems with full solar spectrum utilization for practical artificial photosynthesis.
摘要Simultaneous generation of H2 fuel and value-added chemicals has attracted increasing attention since the photogenerated electrons and holes can be both employed to convert solar light into chemical energy.Herein,for realizing UV-visible-NIR light driven dehydrogenation of benzyl alcohol(BA)into benzaldehydes(BAD)and H2,a novel localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)enhanced S-scheme heterojunction was designed by combining noble-metal-free plasmon MoO3-x as oxidation semiconductor and Zn0.1Cd0.9S as reduction semiconductor.The photoredox system of Zn0.1Cd0.9S/MoO3-x displayed an unconventional reaction model,in which the BA served as both electron donor and acceptor.The S-scheme charge transfer mechanism induced by the formed internal electric field enhanced the redox ability of charge carriers thermodynamically and boosted charge separation kinetically.Moreover,due to the LSPR effect of MoO3-x nanosheets,Zn0.1Cd0.9S/MoO3-x photocatalysts exhibited strong absorption in the region of full solar spectrum.Therefore,the Zn0.1Cd0.9S/MoO3-x composite generated H2 and BAD simultaneously via selective oxidation of BA with high production(34.38 and 33.83 mmol×g–1 for H2 and BAD,respectively)upon full solar illumination.Even under NIR light irradiation,the H2 production rate could up to 94.5 mmol×g–1×h–1.In addition,the Zn0.1Cd0.9S/MoO3-x composite displayed effective photocatalytic H2 evolution rate up to 149.2 mmol×g–1×h–1 from water,which was approximate 6 times that of pure Zn0.1Cd0.9S.This work provides a reference for rational design of plasmonic S-scheme heterojunction photocatalysts for coproduction of high-value chemicals and solar fuel production.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52202104)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2021T140433,2020M683408)+6 种基金the Joint Funds of the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LZY23B030002)the Quzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project (2021D006)the International Cooperation Projects of Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (2021YFH0126)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZYGX2020ZB016)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province China (202103AA080019)the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects (202202AG050003)the Foundation of Key Laboratory of Advanced Technique&Preparation for Renewable Energy Materials,Ministry of Education,Yunnan Normal University (OF2022-04)。
摘要The practical application of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries,as promising next-generation batteries,is hindered by their shuttle effect and the slow redox kinetics.Herein,a tungsten and molybdenum nitride heterostructure functionalized with hollow metal-organic framework-derived carbon(W2N/Mo2N)was proposed as the sulfur host.The hollow spherical structure provides storage space for sulfur,enhances electrical conductivity,and inhibits volume expansion.The metal atoms in the nitrides bonded with lithium polysulfides(Li PSs)through Lewis covalent bonds,enhancing the high catalytic activity of the nitrides and effectively reducing the energy barrier of Li PSs redox conversion.Moreover,the high intrinsic conductivity of nitrides and the ability of the heterostructure interface to accelerate electron/ion transport improved the Li+transmission.By leveraging the combined properties of strong adsorption and high catalytic activity,the sulfur host effectively inhibited the shuttle effect and accelerated the redox kinetics of Li PSs.High-efficiency Li+transmission,strong adsorption,and the efficient catalytic conversion activities of Li PSs in the heterostructure were experimentally and theoretically verified.The results indicate that the W2N/Mo2N cathode provides stable,and long-term cycling(over 2000 cycles)at 3 C with a low attenuation rate of 0.0196%per cycle.The design strategy of a twinborn nitride heterostructure thus provides a functionalized solution for advanced Li-S batteries.
基金supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (20152AA7031010B)。
摘要Dear Editor,In order to realize the pixel level light adjusting control of the binocular high dynamic light adjusting and imaging system, this letter proposed a novel self-calibration method. By analyzing the optical design of the system, the causes of the distortion are given and a distortion model is established. Then, a quick and accurate self-calibration method is designed. The experiments indicate that the method can calibrate the two image sensors of the system at the same time,the average pixel deviation of the calibrated system is less than 0.5pixels and the maximum deviation is less than 1 pixel.
基金financially supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2010ZX07319-001-03)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51221892)
摘要The performance of a biofilter for off-gas treatment relies on the activity of microorganisms and adequate O_2 and H_2O. In present study, a microelectrode was applied to analyze O_2 in polyurethane foam cubes(PUFCs) packed in a biofilter for SO_2 removal. The O_2 distribution varied with the density and water-containing rate(WCR) of PUFCs. The O_2 concentration dropped sharply from 10.2 to 0.8 mg/L from the surface to the center of a PUFC with 97.20%of WCR. The PUFCs with high WCR presented aerobic–anoxic–aerobic areas.Three-dimensional simulated images demonstrated that the structure of PUFCs with high WCR consisted of an aerobic "shell" and an anoxic "core", with high-density PUFCs featuring a larger anoxic area than low-density PUFCs. Moreover, the H_2O distribution in the PUFC was uneven and affected the O_2 concentration. Whereas aerobic bacteria were observed in the PUFC surface, facultative anaerobic microorganisms were found at the PUFC core, where the O_2 concentration was relatively low. O_2 and H_2O distributions differed in the PUFCs, and the distribution of microorganisms varied accordingly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No's 31971710 and 32071829)Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Government(Special Project of Lotus Germplasm Resources)(KYZZ2021003).
摘要Lotus(Nelumbo)is one of the top ten flowers in China,which has high ornamental,edible and medicinal value.Lotus has a been cultivated for thousands of years.Through discovery and cultivation,more than 4,000 cultivars have been recorded.However,the information related to lotus breeding is quite scattered,and the related genetic rules and trait formation mechanisms are still poorly understood,which has caused a greater impact on lotus genetic breeding.This article systematically introduces lotus germplasm resources,including wild species and cultivated species,summarizes lotus breeding methods and breeding directions,and focuses on the latest progress in the isolation and functional identification of structural and regulatory genes related to important horticultural traits.Prospects for the protection and utilization of lotus resources,breeding and industrialization are reported.
摘要Objective:To evaluate the efficiency of p16/Ki-67 dual stain used as a triage in cervical cancer screening.Methods:In this study,we did 468 p16/Ki-67 dual stain in human papillomavirus(HPV)16/18-positive or 12 other high-risk HPV(OHR-HPV)positive Thinprep cytologic test(TCT)atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS)/lower-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL)women.We evaluated the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV)and negative predictive value(NPV)of the triage test.Results:The sensitivity,specificity,PPV and NPV of p16/Ki-67 dual stain in HPV 16/18-positive women were91.5%/68.4%,77.0%/75.0%,73.9%/59.1%and 92.8%/81.8%.In 12 OHR-HPV positive TCT ASCUS/LSIL women,the results were 79.1%/95.0%,88.5%/66.7%,88.5%/70.4%and 89.2%/94.1%.The risk of precancerous lesions in p16/Ki-67 dual stain positive cases was much higher than before,and the negative cases had lower risk.Besides,there was no cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)III case missed after triaged by p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology.In p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology positive women with benign pathology or CIN I,the 1-year progression rate is 20.5%and in p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology negative women,the 1-year progression rate is5.6%.Conclusions:hr-HPV genotyping test plays an important role in cervical cancer screening.p16/Ki-67 dual stain may be a promising triage test.As for chronic cervicitis or CIN I patients,a positive p16/Ki-67 dual-stained cytology suggests a high risk in progression and need to be followed up closely.
基金sponsored by National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFC0107300 and No.2017YFC0107303)
摘要Objective: To explore the safety of ultrasound and microbubbles for enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors in the digestive system in a clinical trial, as well as its efficacy.Methods: From October 2014 to June 2016, twelve patients volunteered to participate in this study. Eleven patients had hepatic metastases from tumors of the digestive system, and one patient had pancreatic carcinoma. According to the mechanical index (MI) in the ultrasound field, patients were classified into four groups with MIs of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0. Within half an hour after chemotherapy, patients underwent ultrasound scanning with ultrasound microbubbles (SonoVue) to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy. All adverse reactions were recorded and were classified in 4 grades according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 (CTCAE V4.03). Tumor responses were evaluated by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 criteria. All the patients were followed up until progression.Results: All the adverse reactions recorded were level 1 or level 2. No local pain occurred in any of the patients. Among all the adverse reactions, fever might be related to the treatment with ultrasound combined with microbubbles. Six patients had stable disease (SD), and one patient had a partial response (PR) after the first cycle of treatment. At the end of follow-up, tumor progression was restricted to the original sites, and no new lesions had appeared.Conclusions: Our preliminary data showed the potential role of a combined treatment with ultrasound and microbubbles in enhancing the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of malignant tumors of the digestive system. This technique is safe when the MI is no greater than 1.0.
基金This work was partially supported by Fundamental and Frontier Research Project of Chongqing(Nos.cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0037 and cstc2020jcyj-msxmX1041)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61704014 and 52175281)Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(No.2021382).
摘要Recently,two-dimension(2D)materials have fueled considerable interest in the field of gas sensing to cope urgent demands at specific scenarios.Unfortunately,the susceptibility to ambient humidity,and/or fragile operation stability always frustrate their further practicability.To overcome these drawbacks,we proposed one novel flexible gas sensor based on bismuth selenide(Bi2Se3)nanoplates for sensitive NO2detection at room temperature.The as-prepared Bi2Se3sensor exhibited favorable sensing performance,including remarkable NO2selectivity,high response of 120%and fast response time of 81 s toward 5ppm NO2,an ultralow detection limit of 100 ppb,and nice stability.Besides,the excellent humidity tolerance and mechanical flexibility endowed Bi2Se3sensors with admirable reliability under harsh working conditions.The first-principles calculation further revealed the insights of extraordinary NO2selectivity and the underlying gas-sensing mechanism.