A binary-mixed electron transport layer(ETL)has been reported for constructing solution-processable near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes(NIR OLEDs).Relative to the single-component ETL,the binarymixed ETL compo...A binary-mixed electron transport layer(ETL)has been reported for constructing solution-processable near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes(NIR OLEDs).Relative to the single-component ETL,the binarymixed ETL composed of PDINN:TPBi can enhance the carrier transport capacity,reduce device impedance,and weaken fiuorescence quenching of the emitting layer.By carefully selecting an appropriate luminescent material Y5(a nonfullerene electron acceptor in organic solar cells)and precisely fine-tuning the molecular aggregation in active layer using a mixed solvent,the morphology is optimized and luminescence performance is enhanced,resulting in efficient NIR OLEDs with an emission peak at 890 nm.The experiment showcases a Y5-based near-infrared OLED with a maximum radiance of 34.9 W sr-1m-2and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.50%,which is among the highest values reported for nondoped fiuorescent NIR OLEDs with an emission peak over 850 nm.展开更多
The recycling and reutilization of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become an important measure to alleviate problems like resource scarcity and environmental pollution.Although some progress has been made,batter...The recycling and reutilization of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become an important measure to alleviate problems like resource scarcity and environmental pollution.Although some progress has been made,battery recycling technology still faces challenges in terms of efficiency,effectiveness and environmental sustainability.This review aims to systematically review and analyze the current status of spent LIB recycling,and conduct a detailed comparison and evaluation of different recycling processes.In addition,this review introduces emerging recycling techniques,including deep eutectic solvents,molten salt roasting,and direct regeneration,with the intent of enhancing recycling efficiency and diminishing environmental repercussions.Furthermore,to increase the added value of recycled materials,this review proposes the concept of upgrading recycled materials into high value-added functional materials,such as catalysts,adsorbents,and graphene.Through life cycle assessment,the paper also explores the economic and environmental impacts of current battery recycling and highlights the importance that future recycling technologies should achieve a balance between recycling efficiency,economics and environmental benefits.Finally,this review outlines the opportunities and challenges of recycling key materials for next-generation batteries,and proposes relevant policy recommendations to promote the green and sustainable development of batteries,circular economy,and ecological civilization.展开更多
The study of yield traits can reveal the genetic architecture of grain yield for improving maize production.In this study, an association panel comprising 362 inbred lines and a recombinant inbred line population deri...The study of yield traits can reveal the genetic architecture of grain yield for improving maize production.In this study, an association panel comprising 362 inbred lines and a recombinant inbred line population derived from X178 × 9782 were used to identify candidate genes for nine yield traits. High-priority overlap(HPO) genes, which are genes prioritized in a genome-wide association study(GWAS), were investigated using coexpression networks. The GWAS identified 51 environmentally stable SNPs in two environments and 36 pleiotropic SNPs, including three SNPs with both attributes. Seven hotspots containing 41 trait-associated SNPs were identified on six chromosomes by permutation. Pyramiding of superior alleles showed a highly positive effect on all traits, and the phenotypic values of ear diameter and ear weight consistently corresponded with the number of superior alleles in tropical and temperate germplasm. A total of 61 HPO genes were detected after trait-associated SNPs were combined with the coexpression networks. Linkage mapping identified 16 environmentally stable and 16 pleiotropic QTL.Seven SNPs that were located in QTL intervals were assigned as consensus SNPs for the yield traits.Among the candidate genes predicted by our study, some genes were confirmed to function in seed development. The gene Zm00001 d016656 encoding a serinehreonine protein kinase was associated with five different traits across multiple environments. Some genes were uniquely expressed in specific tissues and at certain stages of seed development. These findings will provide genetic information and resources for molecular breeding of maize grain yield.展开更多
Aging is one of the most significant health challenges worldwide and is a primary cause of chronic diseases and physiological decline.Among the myriad changes that occur with aging,alterations in adipose tissue distri...Aging is one of the most significant health challenges worldwide and is a primary cause of chronic diseases and physiological decline.Among the myriad changes that occur with aging,alterations in adipose tissue distribution and function have gained considerable attention because of their profound impact on metabolic health and overall well-being.Subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT)and visceral adipose tissue(VAT)are the two major depots of white adipose tissue,each with distinct roles in metabolism and health.Understanding the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of SAT and VAT is crucial for elucidating the aging process and developing strategies to promote healthy aging.This review focuses on delineating and analyzing the characteristics and intrinsic mechanisms underlying the aging of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue during the aging process,which can contribute to a better understanding of the aging process and enhance healthy aging.展开更多
Study of gene expression has been arguably the most active research field in functional genomics.Over the last two decades,various high-throughput technologies,from gene expression microarray to RNA-seq,have been wide...Study of gene expression has been arguably the most active research field in functional genomics.Over the last two decades,various high-throughput technologies,from gene expression microarray to RNA-seq,have been widely applied to the wholegenome profiling of gene expression.The commonality of these experiments is that they measure the gene expression levels of"bulk"sample,which pools a large number(often in the scale of millions)of cells,and thus the measurements reflect the average expression展开更多
Objective:To explore which pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)play a key role in the development of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)by analyzing PRR-associated genes.Methods:We conducted a comparative analysis of PRR...Objective:To explore which pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)play a key role in the development of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)by analyzing PRR-associated genes.Methods:We conducted a comparative analysis of PRR-associated gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)infected with enterovirus 71(EV-A71)which were derived from patients with HFMD of different severities and at different stages.A total of 30 PRR-associated genes were identified as significantly upregulated both over time and across different EV-A71 isolates.Subsequently,ELISA was employed to quantify the expression of the six most prominent genes among these 30 identified genes,specifically,BST2,IRF7,IFI16,TRIM21,MX1,and DDX58.Results:Compared with those at the recovery stage,the expression levels of BST2(P=0.027),IFI16(P=0.016),MX1(P=0.046)and DDX58(P=0.008)in the acute stage of infection were significantly upregulated,while no significant difference in the expression levels of IRF7(P=0.495)and TRIM21(P=0.071)was found between different stages of the disease.The expression levels of BST2,IRF7,IFI16 and MX1 were significantly higher in children infected with single pathogen than those infected with mixed pathogens,and BST2,IRF7,IFI16 and MX1 expression levels were significantly lower in coxsackie B virus(COXB)positive patients than the negative patients.Expression levels of one or more of BST2,IRF7,IFI16,TRIM21,MX1 and DDX58 genes were correlated with PCT levels,various white blood cell counts,and serum antibody levels that reflect disease course of HFMD.Aspartate aminotransferase was correlated with BST2,MX1 and DDX58 expression levels.Conclusions:PRR-associated genes likely initiate the immune response in patients at the acute stage of HFMD.展开更多
As an important facility for peak shaving and frequency modulation,the operation safety of pumped storage unit is of great significance for power systems to accommodate new energy power generation.Focusing on stator g...As an important facility for peak shaving and frequency modulation,the operation safety of pumped storage unit is of great significance for power systems to accommodate new energy power generation.Focusing on stator grounding fault,which have the highest occurrence probability,this paper proposes a fault location method and a multi-solution countermeasure suitable for the winding configuration and parameter characteristics of pumped storage units.Based on the analysis of the fault equivalent circuit,a fault location approach based on the intersection of phasor trajectory is proposed.Combined with a winding potential calculation method based on slot potential analysis,the causes of multiple solutions in fault location results are analyzed and summarized.By introducing injection information or triple harmonic voltage information as auxiliary information,the multi-solution screening is achieved,enabling the determination of a unique fault location.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed location method is verified by simulation and experimental analysis.展开更多
Hydrogen has garnered attention as a promising carbon-free energy carrier capable of addressing escalating energy demands and environmental concerns.However,hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis is hinde...Hydrogen has garnered attention as a promising carbon-free energy carrier capable of addressing escalating energy demands and environmental concerns.However,hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Although Ni3Se2 has attracted interest as a non-precious metal-based OER catalyst,its performance remains suboptimal.In this work,we present a trimetallic-doped electrocatalyst,CoWCe-Ni3Se2,which exhibits outstanding OER performance in alkaline media.The catalyst requires only 204 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2,along with a notably small Tafel slope of 33.59 mV dec−1.Furthermore,it shows exceptional operational durability,maintaining 95%of its initial activity over 90 hours of continuous electrolysis.Mechanistic insights derived from density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the doping of W and Ce facilitates the adsorption of critical *OOH intermediates and significantly lowers the energy barrier of the rate-determining step(RDS).The enhanced catalytic performance is attributed to the improved electrical conductivity,increased active surface area,and optimized adsorption/desorption behavior of reaction intermediates.Beyond introducing a highly active and stable OER electrocatalyst,this study provides a fundamental understanding of the synergistic effects of multi-element doping for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.展开更多
Background and Aims:T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in resolving hepatitis B virus infection.This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets during peginterferon alpha(peg-IFN-...Background and Aims:T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in resolving hepatitis B virus infection.This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets during peginterferon alpha(peg-IFN-α)therapy and their association with hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance in inactive HBsAg carriers(IHCs).Methods:This prospective observational study enrolled 197 IHCs treated with peg-IFNα-2a/2b for 48 weeks and followed for 24 weeks(treatment group),and 221 IHCs who were regularly monitored for 72 weeks without treatment(IHC control group).Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were evaluated using flow cytometry at baseline,and at 12,24,48,and 72 weeks in both groups.At 72 weeks,IHCs in the treatment group were categorized into an HBsAg clearance group and an HBsAg persistence group.Differences in T lymphocyte subsets among these groups were compared,and correlations between T lymphocyte subsets and HBsAg clearance were analyzed.Results:At 72 weeks,intention-to-treat analysis showed significantly higher HBsAg clearance(46.7%)and seroconversion rates(34.5%)in the treatment group compared to the IHC control group(HBsAg clearance rate of 1.4%,seroconversion rate of 0.9%;both p<0.001).The median absolute counts of CD3+,CD4+,and CD8+cells significantly decreased at 12,24,and 48 weeks in both the HBsAg clearance and persistence groups,returning to baseline at 72 weeks(all p<0.001).IHCs with HBsAg clearance had higher median percentages of CD3+CD8+cells and lower median percentages of CD3+CD4+cells and CD4+/CD8+ratios at 12,24,and 48 weeks compared to the HBsAg persistence and IHC control groups(all p<0.001).Baseline HBsAg levels(below 2.0 log10 IU/mL)and hepatitis B virus DNA levels(below 20 IU/mL),alanine aminotransferase elevation at 12 weeks(greater than 2×upper limit of normal),and CD4+/CD8+ratios(less than 1.5 at 12 weeks and below 1.4 at 24 weeks)were predictive of HBsAg clearance.Conclusions Peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ratios at 12 and 24 weeks may serve as predictive markers for HBsAg clearance in IHCs treated with peg-IFN-α.展开更多
The Floating nuclear power plant grid is composed of power generation,in-station power supply and external power delivery.To ensure the safety of the nuclear island,the in-station system adopts a special power supply ...The Floating nuclear power plant grid is composed of power generation,in-station power supply and external power delivery.To ensure the safety of the nuclear island,the in-station system adopts a special power supply mode,while the external power supply needs to be adapted to different types of external systems.Because of frequent single phase-ground faults and various fault forms,the fault line selection protection should be accurate,sensitive and adaptive.This paper presents a fault line selection method in cooperation with multi-mode grounding control.Based on the maximum united energy entropy ratio(MUEER),the optimal wavelet basis function and decomposition scale are adaptively chosen,while the fault line is selected by wavelet transform modulus maxima(WTMM).For high-impedance faults(HIFs),to enlarge the fault feature,the system grounding mode can be switched by the multi-mode grounding control.Based on the characteristic of HIFs,the fault line can be selected by comparing phase differences of zero-sequence current mutation and fault phase voltage mutation before and after the fault.Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show the effectiveness of the proposed method in solving the protection problems.展开更多
Bacteria-associated infection represents one of the major threats for orthopedic implants failure during their life cycles.However,ordinary antimicrobial treatments usually failed to combat multiple waves of infection...Bacteria-associated infection represents one of the major threats for orthopedic implants failure during their life cycles.However,ordinary antimicrobial treatments usually failed to combat multiple waves of infections during arthroplasty and prosthesis revisions etc.As these incidents could easily introduce new microbial pathogens in/onto the implants.Herein,we demonstrate that an antimicrobial trilogy strategy incorporating a sophisticated multilayered coating system leveraging multiple ion exchange mechanisms and fine nanotopography tuning,could effectively eradicate bacterial infection at various stages of implantation.Early stage bacteriostatic effect was realized via nano-topological structure of top mineral coating.Antibacterial effect at intermediate stage was mediated by sustained release of zinc ions from doped CaP coating.Strong antibacterial potency was validated at 4 weeks post implantation via an implanted model in vivo.Finally,the underlying zinc titanate fiber network enabled a long-term contact and release effect of residual zinc,which maintained a strong antibacterial ability against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli even after the removal of top layer coating.Moreover,sustained release of Sr2+and Zn2+during CaP coating degradation substantially promoted implant osseointegration even under an infectious environment by showing more peri-implant new bone formation and substantially improved bone-implant bonding strength.展开更多
The super volume changes and severe mechanical degradation have been a hindrance in the wide application of silicon based composite electrodes in commercial lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Calendering,one procedure in pro...The super volume changes and severe mechanical degradation have been a hindrance in the wide application of silicon based composite electrodes in commercial lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Calendering,one procedure in producing LIBs'electrodes,is indispensable to ensure low porosity and energy density.However,the repercussions of the calendering process on the physical characteristics related to the behavior of silicon(Si)based electrodes during the electrochemical reaction have not been well understood.Thus,on account of the deformation characteristic of cantilever electrodes,an in-situ technique is employed to analyze the repercussions of calendering status on the coupled electro-chemo-mechanical performances.During the electrochemical cycling,Young's modulus and diffusion-induced stress in composite electrodes are quantified.The results show that the swelling strain,the stress and the modulus of the Si-based electrode and the calendering degree are positively correlated.Meanwhile,the stress induced by diffusion in the active layer tends to increase in the stage of lithiation and reverses during the delithiation process.Accompany with the SEM analysis,we conclude that the calendering process can induce larger stress,driving the formation of cracks in electrodes.These findings can help understand how the calendering process could affect the capacity dissipating and lifetime of Si based electrodes.展开更多
Hole transport layers(HTLs)play a significant role in the performance of perovskite solar cells.A new class of linear smallmolecules based on bis(4-methylthio)phenyl)amine as an end group,carbon,oxygen and sulfur as t...Hole transport layers(HTLs)play a significant role in the performance of perovskite solar cells.A new class of linear smallmolecules based on bis(4-methylthio)phenyl)amine as an end group,carbon,oxygen and sulfur as the center atoms for the center unit(denoted as MT-based small-molecule),respectively,have been applied as HTL,and two of them presented the efficiency over 20%in the planar inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs),which demonstrated a significant improvement in comparison with the widely used HTL,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(known as PEDOT:PSS),in the planar inverted architecture.The ultrafast carrier dynamics show that the excited hot carrier cooling process of MT-based small-molecule HTL samples is faster than that of PEDOT:PSS samples.The kinetic analysis of photo-bleaching peaks of femtosecond transient absorption spectra reveals that the traps at the interface between MT-based small-molecule HTLs and MAPbI3 can be filled much quicker than that at PEDOT/MAPbI3 interfaces.Moreover,the hole injection time from MAPbI3 to MT-based small-molecule HTLs is around 10 times quicker than that to PEDOT:PSS.Such quick trap filling and hole extraction bring a significant enhancement in photovoltaic performances.These findings uncover the carrier transport mechanisms and illuminate a promising approach for the design of new HTLs for highly-efficient perovskite solar cells.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51973020)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2232052)。
摘要A binary-mixed electron transport layer(ETL)has been reported for constructing solution-processable near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes(NIR OLEDs).Relative to the single-component ETL,the binarymixed ETL composed of PDINN:TPBi can enhance the carrier transport capacity,reduce device impedance,and weaken fiuorescence quenching of the emitting layer.By carefully selecting an appropriate luminescent material Y5(a nonfullerene electron acceptor in organic solar cells)and precisely fine-tuning the molecular aggregation in active layer using a mixed solvent,the morphology is optimized and luminescence performance is enhanced,resulting in efficient NIR OLEDs with an emission peak at 890 nm.The experiment showcases a Y5-based near-infrared OLED with a maximum radiance of 34.9 W sr-1m-2and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.50%,which is among the highest values reported for nondoped fiuorescent NIR OLEDs with an emission peak over 850 nm.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52274295)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2020501001,E2021501029,A2021501007,E2022501028,E2022501029)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation-Steel,the Iron Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2022501030)the Performance subsidy fund for Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province(22567627H)the Science and Technology Project of Hebei Education Department(ZD2022158)the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project of Hebei province(226Z4401G)the China Scholarship Council(No.202206080061,202206050119)the 2023 Hebei Provincial Postgraduate Student Innovation Ability training funding project(CXZZSS2023195)。
摘要The recycling and reutilization of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have become an important measure to alleviate problems like resource scarcity and environmental pollution.Although some progress has been made,battery recycling technology still faces challenges in terms of efficiency,effectiveness and environmental sustainability.This review aims to systematically review and analyze the current status of spent LIB recycling,and conduct a detailed comparison and evaluation of different recycling processes.In addition,this review introduces emerging recycling techniques,including deep eutectic solvents,molten salt roasting,and direct regeneration,with the intent of enhancing recycling efficiency and diminishing environmental repercussions.Furthermore,to increase the added value of recycled materials,this review proposes the concept of upgrading recycled materials into high value-added functional materials,such as catalysts,adsorbents,and graphene.Through life cycle assessment,the paper also explores the economic and environmental impacts of current battery recycling and highlights the importance that future recycling technologies should achieve a balance between recycling efficiency,economics and environmental benefits.Finally,this review outlines the opportunities and challenges of recycling key materials for next-generation batteries,and proposes relevant policy recommendations to promote the green and sustainable development of batteries,circular economy,and ecological civilization.
基金funded and supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA,Sichuan Science and Technology Support Project(2021YFYZ0020,2021YFYZ0027,2021YFFZ0017)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971955)Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2019YJ0418,2020YJ0138)。
摘要The study of yield traits can reveal the genetic architecture of grain yield for improving maize production.In this study, an association panel comprising 362 inbred lines and a recombinant inbred line population derived from X178 × 9782 were used to identify candidate genes for nine yield traits. High-priority overlap(HPO) genes, which are genes prioritized in a genome-wide association study(GWAS), were investigated using coexpression networks. The GWAS identified 51 environmentally stable SNPs in two environments and 36 pleiotropic SNPs, including three SNPs with both attributes. Seven hotspots containing 41 trait-associated SNPs were identified on six chromosomes by permutation. Pyramiding of superior alleles showed a highly positive effect on all traits, and the phenotypic values of ear diameter and ear weight consistently corresponded with the number of superior alleles in tropical and temperate germplasm. A total of 61 HPO genes were detected after trait-associated SNPs were combined with the coexpression networks. Linkage mapping identified 16 environmentally stable and 16 pleiotropic QTL.Seven SNPs that were located in QTL intervals were assigned as consensus SNPs for the yield traits.Among the candidate genes predicted by our study, some genes were confirmed to function in seed development. The gene Zm00001 d016656 encoding a serinehreonine protein kinase was associated with five different traits across multiple environments. Some genes were uniquely expressed in specific tissues and at certain stages of seed development. These findings will provide genetic information and resources for molecular breeding of maize grain yield.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.82272289).
摘要Aging is one of the most significant health challenges worldwide and is a primary cause of chronic diseases and physiological decline.Among the myriad changes that occur with aging,alterations in adipose tissue distribution and function have gained considerable attention because of their profound impact on metabolic health and overall well-being.Subcutaneous adipose tissue(SAT)and visceral adipose tissue(VAT)are the two major depots of white adipose tissue,each with distinct roles in metabolism and health.Understanding the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of SAT and VAT is crucial for elucidating the aging process and developing strategies to promote healthy aging.This review focuses on delineating and analyzing the characteristics and intrinsic mechanisms underlying the aging of subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue during the aging process,which can contribute to a better understanding of the aging process and enhance healthy aging.
基金partially supported by NIH grants (2U19AI090023,5P30AI50409,and R01GM122083)
摘要Study of gene expression has been arguably the most active research field in functional genomics.Over the last two decades,various high-throughput technologies,from gene expression microarray to RNA-seq,have been widely applied to the wholegenome profiling of gene expression.The commonality of these experiments is that they measure the gene expression levels of"bulk"sample,which pools a large number(often in the scale of millions)of cells,and thus the measurements reflect the average expression
摘要Objective:To explore which pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)play a key role in the development of hand,foot,and mouth disease(HFMD)by analyzing PRR-associated genes.Methods:We conducted a comparative analysis of PRR-associated gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)infected with enterovirus 71(EV-A71)which were derived from patients with HFMD of different severities and at different stages.A total of 30 PRR-associated genes were identified as significantly upregulated both over time and across different EV-A71 isolates.Subsequently,ELISA was employed to quantify the expression of the six most prominent genes among these 30 identified genes,specifically,BST2,IRF7,IFI16,TRIM21,MX1,and DDX58.Results:Compared with those at the recovery stage,the expression levels of BST2(P=0.027),IFI16(P=0.016),MX1(P=0.046)and DDX58(P=0.008)in the acute stage of infection were significantly upregulated,while no significant difference in the expression levels of IRF7(P=0.495)and TRIM21(P=0.071)was found between different stages of the disease.The expression levels of BST2,IRF7,IFI16 and MX1 were significantly higher in children infected with single pathogen than those infected with mixed pathogens,and BST2,IRF7,IFI16 and MX1 expression levels were significantly lower in coxsackie B virus(COXB)positive patients than the negative patients.Expression levels of one or more of BST2,IRF7,IFI16,TRIM21,MX1 and DDX58 genes were correlated with PCT levels,various white blood cell counts,and serum antibody levels that reflect disease course of HFMD.Aspartate aminotransferase was correlated with BST2,MX1 and DDX58 expression levels.Conclusions:PRR-associated genes likely initiate the immune response in patients at the acute stage of HFMD.
摘要As an important facility for peak shaving and frequency modulation,the operation safety of pumped storage unit is of great significance for power systems to accommodate new energy power generation.Focusing on stator grounding fault,which have the highest occurrence probability,this paper proposes a fault location method and a multi-solution countermeasure suitable for the winding configuration and parameter characteristics of pumped storage units.Based on the analysis of the fault equivalent circuit,a fault location approach based on the intersection of phasor trajectory is proposed.Combined with a winding potential calculation method based on slot potential analysis,the causes of multiple solutions in fault location results are analyzed and summarized.By introducing injection information or triple harmonic voltage information as auxiliary information,the multi-solution screening is achieved,enabling the determination of a unique fault location.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed location method is verified by simulation and experimental analysis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20231354)the Jiangsu Province Graduate Research and Practical Innovation Program(SJCX24_2093 and SJCX24_2094).
摘要Hydrogen has garnered attention as a promising carbon-free energy carrier capable of addressing escalating energy demands and environmental concerns.However,hydrogen production via alkaline water electrolysis is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Although Ni3Se2 has attracted interest as a non-precious metal-based OER catalyst,its performance remains suboptimal.In this work,we present a trimetallic-doped electrocatalyst,CoWCe-Ni3Se2,which exhibits outstanding OER performance in alkaline media.The catalyst requires only 204 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2,along with a notably small Tafel slope of 33.59 mV dec−1.Furthermore,it shows exceptional operational durability,maintaining 95%of its initial activity over 90 hours of continuous electrolysis.Mechanistic insights derived from density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the doping of W and Ce facilitates the adsorption of critical *OOH intermediates and significantly lowers the energy barrier of the rate-determining step(RDS).The enhanced catalytic performance is attributed to the improved electrical conductivity,increased active surface area,and optimized adsorption/desorption behavior of reaction intermediates.Beyond introducing a highly active and stable OER electrocatalyst,this study provides a fundamental understanding of the synergistic effects of multi-element doping for the rational design of high-performance catalysts.
摘要Background and Aims:T lymphocytes play a pivotal role in resolving hepatitis B virus infection.This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets during peginterferon alpha(peg-IFN-α)therapy and their association with hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance in inactive HBsAg carriers(IHCs).Methods:This prospective observational study enrolled 197 IHCs treated with peg-IFNα-2a/2b for 48 weeks and followed for 24 weeks(treatment group),and 221 IHCs who were regularly monitored for 72 weeks without treatment(IHC control group).Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets were evaluated using flow cytometry at baseline,and at 12,24,48,and 72 weeks in both groups.At 72 weeks,IHCs in the treatment group were categorized into an HBsAg clearance group and an HBsAg persistence group.Differences in T lymphocyte subsets among these groups were compared,and correlations between T lymphocyte subsets and HBsAg clearance were analyzed.Results:At 72 weeks,intention-to-treat analysis showed significantly higher HBsAg clearance(46.7%)and seroconversion rates(34.5%)in the treatment group compared to the IHC control group(HBsAg clearance rate of 1.4%,seroconversion rate of 0.9%;both p<0.001).The median absolute counts of CD3+,CD4+,and CD8+cells significantly decreased at 12,24,and 48 weeks in both the HBsAg clearance and persistence groups,returning to baseline at 72 weeks(all p<0.001).IHCs with HBsAg clearance had higher median percentages of CD3+CD8+cells and lower median percentages of CD3+CD4+cells and CD4+/CD8+ratios at 12,24,and 48 weeks compared to the HBsAg persistence and IHC control groups(all p<0.001).Baseline HBsAg levels(below 2.0 log10 IU/mL)and hepatitis B virus DNA levels(below 20 IU/mL),alanine aminotransferase elevation at 12 weeks(greater than 2×upper limit of normal),and CD4+/CD8+ratios(less than 1.5 at 12 weeks and below 1.4 at 24 weeks)were predictive of HBsAg clearance.Conclusions Peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ratios at 12 and 24 weeks may serve as predictive markers for HBsAg clearance in IHCs treated with peg-IFN-α.
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51877089).Research on the mechanism and fault ride-through integrated strategies of an active power router in hybrid AC and DC distribution grids.
摘要The Floating nuclear power plant grid is composed of power generation,in-station power supply and external power delivery.To ensure the safety of the nuclear island,the in-station system adopts a special power supply mode,while the external power supply needs to be adapted to different types of external systems.Because of frequent single phase-ground faults and various fault forms,the fault line selection protection should be accurate,sensitive and adaptive.This paper presents a fault line selection method in cooperation with multi-mode grounding control.Based on the maximum united energy entropy ratio(MUEER),the optimal wavelet basis function and decomposition scale are adaptively chosen,while the fault line is selected by wavelet transform modulus maxima(WTMM).For high-impedance faults(HIFs),to enlarge the fault feature,the system grounding mode can be switched by the multi-mode grounding control.Based on the characteristic of HIFs,the fault line can be selected by comparing phase differences of zero-sequence current mutation and fault phase voltage mutation before and after the fault.Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show the effectiveness of the proposed method in solving the protection problems.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFC1105401,2018YFC1105404)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81702118,31870959)2018 Zhejiang University Academic Award for Outstanding Doctoral Candidates and Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan of Department of Health of Zhejiang Province(WKJ-ZJ-1821).
摘要Bacteria-associated infection represents one of the major threats for orthopedic implants failure during their life cycles.However,ordinary antimicrobial treatments usually failed to combat multiple waves of infections during arthroplasty and prosthesis revisions etc.As these incidents could easily introduce new microbial pathogens in/onto the implants.Herein,we demonstrate that an antimicrobial trilogy strategy incorporating a sophisticated multilayered coating system leveraging multiple ion exchange mechanisms and fine nanotopography tuning,could effectively eradicate bacterial infection at various stages of implantation.Early stage bacteriostatic effect was realized via nano-topological structure of top mineral coating.Antibacterial effect at intermediate stage was mediated by sustained release of zinc ions from doped CaP coating.Strong antibacterial potency was validated at 4 weeks post implantation via an implanted model in vivo.Finally,the underlying zinc titanate fiber network enabled a long-term contact and release effect of residual zinc,which maintained a strong antibacterial ability against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli even after the removal of top layer coating.Moreover,sustained release of Sr2+and Zn2+during CaP coating degradation substantially promoted implant osseointegration even under an infectious environment by showing more peri-implant new bone formation and substantially improved bone-implant bonding strength.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102264).
摘要The super volume changes and severe mechanical degradation have been a hindrance in the wide application of silicon based composite electrodes in commercial lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).Calendering,one procedure in producing LIBs'electrodes,is indispensable to ensure low porosity and energy density.However,the repercussions of the calendering process on the physical characteristics related to the behavior of silicon(Si)based electrodes during the electrochemical reaction have not been well understood.Thus,on account of the deformation characteristic of cantilever electrodes,an in-situ technique is employed to analyze the repercussions of calendering status on the coupled electro-chemo-mechanical performances.During the electrochemical cycling,Young's modulus and diffusion-induced stress in composite electrodes are quantified.The results show that the swelling strain,the stress and the modulus of the Si-based electrode and the calendering degree are positively correlated.Meanwhile,the stress induced by diffusion in the active layer tends to increase in the stage of lithiation and reverses during the delithiation process.Accompany with the SEM analysis,we conclude that the calendering process can induce larger stress,driving the formation of cracks in electrodes.These findings can help understand how the calendering process could affect the capacity dissipating and lifetime of Si based electrodes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB037001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91648109、51603021、51602031、51673139)+2 种基金Jiangsu Provincial“333”High-level Talent Training Projectthe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutionsthe Applied Basic Research Program of Changzhou(CJ20190050)。
摘要Hole transport layers(HTLs)play a significant role in the performance of perovskite solar cells.A new class of linear smallmolecules based on bis(4-methylthio)phenyl)amine as an end group,carbon,oxygen and sulfur as the center atoms for the center unit(denoted as MT-based small-molecule),respectively,have been applied as HTL,and two of them presented the efficiency over 20%in the planar inverted perovskite solar cells(PSCs),which demonstrated a significant improvement in comparison with the widely used HTL,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)(known as PEDOT:PSS),in the planar inverted architecture.The ultrafast carrier dynamics show that the excited hot carrier cooling process of MT-based small-molecule HTL samples is faster than that of PEDOT:PSS samples.The kinetic analysis of photo-bleaching peaks of femtosecond transient absorption spectra reveals that the traps at the interface between MT-based small-molecule HTLs and MAPbI3 can be filled much quicker than that at PEDOT/MAPbI3 interfaces.Moreover,the hole injection time from MAPbI3 to MT-based small-molecule HTLs is around 10 times quicker than that to PEDOT:PSS.Such quick trap filling and hole extraction bring a significant enhancement in photovoltaic performances.These findings uncover the carrier transport mechanisms and illuminate a promising approach for the design of new HTLs for highly-efficient perovskite solar cells.