Molecular glass refers to amorphous rigid small molecules with certain polymer-like properties.Herein,spirobixanthene is first adopted as the backbone to develop negative photoresist X4Ep with four epoxy moieties.F4Ep...Molecular glass refers to amorphous rigid small molecules with certain polymer-like properties.Herein,spirobixanthene is first adopted as the backbone to develop negative photoresist X4Ep with four epoxy moieties.F4Ep based on classical spirobifluorene is also synthesized as a benchmark against X4Ep.Both exhibit good thermostability and similar sensitivity.However,in e-beam lithography,performances of X4Ep completely surpass F4Ep.F4Ep lithography shows inevitably minor bridges no matter how we optimize process conditions.The relatively poor performances of F4Ep may be probably ascribed to its partial crystallization tendency inducing uneven photoacid generator(PAG)distribution and uneven acid diffusion,which thus promotes nonuniform epoxy crosslink to form rough patterns.X4Ep readily achieves dense lines without any defects.The superiority of X4Ep to F4Ep can be ascribed to the exceptional yet apparent structural distortion and asymmetry of spirobixanthene,which guarantees a perfect amorphous state and uniform crosslink.Finally,the optimal line/space(L/S)pattern with half pitch(HP)of 25 nm and line edge roughness(LER)of 2.7 nm is achieved.Therefore,spirobixanthene is a valuable molecular glass backbone for high-performance photoresists in the future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Advanced pancreatic cancer(PC)is associated with a poor prognosis.The integration of Chinese and Western medicine(ICWM)has shown promising clinical efficacy.Nonetheless,the existing body of research assessi...BACKGROUND Advanced pancreatic cancer(PC)is associated with a poor prognosis.The integration of Chinese and Western medicine(ICWM)has shown promising clinical efficacy.Nonetheless,the existing body of research assessing the efficacy and safety of this integrative approach is limited,hindering the provision of robust evidence-based support for clinical decision-making.AIM To assess the short-term and long-term efficacy and safety of ICWM compared with Western medicine(WM)as a standalone treatment for advanced PC.METHODS We enrolled 136 patients with advanced PC admitted to Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from 2019 to 2024.Patients were randomly assigned to the ICWM or WM group(n=66 or n=70,respectively)according to treatment modality.The long-term efficacy was evaluated using survival analyses.Short-term efficacy was assessed by analyzing the tumor response,serum tumor markers,and immune function before and after treatment.Treatment safety was assessed by monitoring bone marrow suppression and hepatic and renal function impairment.RESULTS The median overall survival was 12.91 months and 10.64 months in the ICWM and WM groups,while the median progression-free survival was 5.12 months and 3.55 months,respectively.The disease control rate was significantly higher in the ICWM group than that in the the WM group,while the myelosuppression was significantly milder.The serum tumor markers carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9 and CA125 showed a significant downward trend before and after treatment in the ICWM group,whereas only CA19-9 showed a significant decrease in the WM group.Post-treatment,both groups showed an upward trend in natural killer cells and CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+lymphocytes compared with pre-treatment,with the ICWM group exhibiting a more pronounced increase.The two groups showed no significant differences in hepatic and renal function impairment.CONCLUSION ICWM extended survival in patients with advanced PC,improved long-term efficacy,controlled local lesions,reduced serum tumor markers,enhanced immune function,and improved short-term outcomes,with a favorable safety profile.展开更多
The nonchemically amplified(nonCA)polymer resists,including ionic and nonionic types,have achieved higher resolution and smaller line edge roughness(LER)than traditional chemically amplified ones.However,for polymer r...The nonchemically amplified(nonCA)polymer resists,including ionic and nonionic types,have achieved higher resolution and smaller line edge roughness(LER)than traditional chemically amplified ones.However,for polymer resists,chain entanglement is an inevitable limitation for the further reduction of LER.To overcome this problem,it is logical to apply the nonCA concept to molecule-based resists due to their advantages of monodispersity and small size.To date,only a few examples of ionic sulfonium salts-based nonCA molecular glass resists(nonCAMGRs)have been reported.They demonstrated high resolution and small LER well,but their electron beam sensitivity seemed less than ideal.To our knowledge,non-ionic sulfoxime oxime esters-based molecular resists were not reported yet,which leaves room for new round of more in-depth reserch on nonCAMGRs.Here,employing the excellent spirobixanthene backbone,we have first designed non-ionic sulfoxime oxime esters-based nonCAMGRs X4-NI-tf and X4-NI-tfb,for comparison,sulfonium salts-based nonCAMGRs X4-I-otfdm was designed.All exhibit favorable thermal properties(Td,5%>200℃)and filmforming capabilities(RMSs<0.4 nm).Via EBL,X4-I-otfdm achieved higher resolution(16 nm,LER 1.4 nm)than X4-NI-tf and X4-NI-tfb(20 nm,LER 1.6 nm).But contrast curve revealed that the sensitivity of X4-NI-tf and X4-NI-tfb(D100:370 and 350μC/cm2)was significantly higher than X4-I-otfdm(D100:3300μC/cm2),demonstrating that the sensitivity of sulfoxime oxime esters exceeds that of sulfonium salts and introduction of bromine can further enhance the sensitivity;based on above,X4-NI-tfb exhibited the lowest Z-factor and demonstrated the best overall performance.We believe that nonCAMGRs based on sulfoxime oxime esters represent a strong candidate for high-performance photoresists.展开更多
Te‐free BiSbSe3is a promising medium‐temperature thermoelectric(TE)material owing to its cost‐effectiveness and intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity.However,its comparatively low electrical conductivit...Te‐free BiSbSe3is a promising medium‐temperature thermoelectric(TE)material owing to its cost‐effectiveness and intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity.However,its comparatively low electrical conductivity has severely hindered the optimization of TE performance.Herein,Ag compositing enables the simultaneous optimization of electrical and thermal transport performance for BiSbSe3+x%Ag composites.Specifically,Ag compositing induces the generation of narrow bandgap AgBiSe2 and BiSe precipitates,which optimize carrier transport through interfacial potential barrier engineering.Meanwhile,a fraction of Ag atoms occupies the van der Waals gaps,effectively increasing the carrier concentration and establishing supplementary conductive pathways.Additionally,the incorporation of multi‐scale defects,including point defects,dislocations,nanoclusters,heterogeneous interfaces,and elemental segregation,enables full‐frequency phonons scattering,thereby yielding a low lattice thermal conductivity of~0.21 W m−1K−1along the out‐of‐plane direction for BiSbSe3+0.2%Ag at 723 K.Ultimately,a maximum zT value of~0.45 is obtained along the out‐of‐plane direction for BiSbSe3+0.2%Ag composite at 723 K,corresponding to an approximately 7‐fold enhancement over that of BiSbSe3.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms by which interstitial occupancy and multiphase engineering boost the TE performance,and establishes a practical design strategy and solid theoretical foundation for developing high‐performance TE materials.展开更多
As software applications grow increasingly large and complex,traditional code vulnerability detection methods struggle with performance and efficiency.Although code visualization-based algorithms have demonstrated eff...As software applications grow increasingly large and complex,traditional code vulnerability detection methods struggle with performance and efficiency.Although code visualization-based algorithms have demonstrated effectiveness in capturing sparse features and complex workflows in large-scale source code,their capacity to extract global semantic information and intricate long-range dependencies remains limited.Recent large language model(LLM)-based approaches have shown promising accuracy by leveraging rich contextual information,but their high computational cost often limits practical efficiency.To address these challenges,we propose VulSCP,a new framework that integrates sequential convolution with a parallel attention mechanism.Specifically,VulSCP first constructs a semantically weighted graph from the source code,then employs sequential convolution to extract local vulnerability-related features,and finally enhances the global feature representation through parallel attention.Experimental results on large-scale C/C++function-level datasets show that VulSCP achieves an accuracy of 85.14%and a false positive rate of 17.25%,outperforming the best baseline in accuracy by 1.73 percentage points and reducing the false positive rate by 3.38 percentage points.Moreover,while maintaining high detection accuracy,VulSCP achieves a low average inference time of 1.89 s per sample,showing favorable efficiency compared with the evaluated LLM-based methods.These results suggest that VulSCP is a promising approach for vulnerability detection in large and complex software systems,offering a favorable balance between accuracy and efficiency.The source code of VulSCP is publicly available at http://gffzz188fe103f8f1460as505956fkq9ov6p05.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/Hwzx-ZeL/VulSCP.展开更多
针对目前技术生命周期评估方法存在主观性强、缺乏理论支撑等不足,以及技术进化模式依赖于人工发现的问题,本研究提出一种基于TRIZ理论(theory of inventive problem solving,发明问题解决理论)结合隐马尔可夫模型的技术生命周期评估方...针对目前技术生命周期评估方法存在主观性强、缺乏理论支撑等不足,以及技术进化模式依赖于人工发现的问题,本研究提出一种基于TRIZ理论(theory of inventive problem solving,发明问题解决理论)结合隐马尔可夫模型的技术生命周期评估方法,以及基于技术生命周期聚类发现技术进化模式的自动识别方法。首先,基于TRIZ理论构建技术生命周期评估指标,使用隐马尔可夫模型集成评估指标,评估技术生命周期。其次,通过技术生命周期聚类,基于TRIZ理论识别技术进化模式。最后,从锂离子电池电解质领域获取实证数据,验证了本研究提出方法的准确性和有效性。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22278059,22174009,22078047)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.DUT24ZD119,DUT22LAB601,DUT22LAB608)。
摘要Molecular glass refers to amorphous rigid small molecules with certain polymer-like properties.Herein,spirobixanthene is first adopted as the backbone to develop negative photoresist X4Ep with four epoxy moieties.F4Ep based on classical spirobifluorene is also synthesized as a benchmark against X4Ep.Both exhibit good thermostability and similar sensitivity.However,in e-beam lithography,performances of X4Ep completely surpass F4Ep.F4Ep lithography shows inevitably minor bridges no matter how we optimize process conditions.The relatively poor performances of F4Ep may be probably ascribed to its partial crystallization tendency inducing uneven photoacid generator(PAG)distribution and uneven acid diffusion,which thus promotes nonuniform epoxy crosslink to form rough patterns.X4Ep readily achieves dense lines without any defects.The superiority of X4Ep to F4Ep can be ascribed to the exceptional yet apparent structural distortion and asymmetry of spirobixanthene,which guarantees a perfect amorphous state and uniform crosslink.Finally,the optimal line/space(L/S)pattern with half pitch(HP)of 25 nm and line edge roughness(LER)of 2.7 nm is achieved.Therefore,spirobixanthene is a valuable molecular glass backbone for high-performance photoresists in the future.
摘要BACKGROUND Advanced pancreatic cancer(PC)is associated with a poor prognosis.The integration of Chinese and Western medicine(ICWM)has shown promising clinical efficacy.Nonetheless,the existing body of research assessing the efficacy and safety of this integrative approach is limited,hindering the provision of robust evidence-based support for clinical decision-making.AIM To assess the short-term and long-term efficacy and safety of ICWM compared with Western medicine(WM)as a standalone treatment for advanced PC.METHODS We enrolled 136 patients with advanced PC admitted to Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Henan Provincial People’s Hospital from 2019 to 2024.Patients were randomly assigned to the ICWM or WM group(n=66 or n=70,respectively)according to treatment modality.The long-term efficacy was evaluated using survival analyses.Short-term efficacy was assessed by analyzing the tumor response,serum tumor markers,and immune function before and after treatment.Treatment safety was assessed by monitoring bone marrow suppression and hepatic and renal function impairment.RESULTS The median overall survival was 12.91 months and 10.64 months in the ICWM and WM groups,while the median progression-free survival was 5.12 months and 3.55 months,respectively.The disease control rate was significantly higher in the ICWM group than that in the the WM group,while the myelosuppression was significantly milder.The serum tumor markers carbohydrate antigen(CA)19-9 and CA125 showed a significant downward trend before and after treatment in the ICWM group,whereas only CA19-9 showed a significant decrease in the WM group.Post-treatment,both groups showed an upward trend in natural killer cells and CD3+,CD4+,and CD4+/CD8+lymphocytes compared with pre-treatment,with the ICWM group exhibiting a more pronounced increase.The two groups showed no significant differences in hepatic and renal function impairment.CONCLUSION ICWM extended survival in patients with advanced PC,improved long-term efficacy,controlled local lesions,reduced serum tumor markers,enhanced immune function,and improved short-term outcomes,with a favorable safety profile.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278059,22174009,22078047)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT24ZD119,DUT22LAB601 and DUT22LAB608).
摘要The nonchemically amplified(nonCA)polymer resists,including ionic and nonionic types,have achieved higher resolution and smaller line edge roughness(LER)than traditional chemically amplified ones.However,for polymer resists,chain entanglement is an inevitable limitation for the further reduction of LER.To overcome this problem,it is logical to apply the nonCA concept to molecule-based resists due to their advantages of monodispersity and small size.To date,only a few examples of ionic sulfonium salts-based nonCA molecular glass resists(nonCAMGRs)have been reported.They demonstrated high resolution and small LER well,but their electron beam sensitivity seemed less than ideal.To our knowledge,non-ionic sulfoxime oxime esters-based molecular resists were not reported yet,which leaves room for new round of more in-depth reserch on nonCAMGRs.Here,employing the excellent spirobixanthene backbone,we have first designed non-ionic sulfoxime oxime esters-based nonCAMGRs X4-NI-tf and X4-NI-tfb,for comparison,sulfonium salts-based nonCAMGRs X4-I-otfdm was designed.All exhibit favorable thermal properties(Td,5%>200℃)and filmforming capabilities(RMSs<0.4 nm).Via EBL,X4-I-otfdm achieved higher resolution(16 nm,LER 1.4 nm)than X4-NI-tf and X4-NI-tfb(20 nm,LER 1.6 nm).But contrast curve revealed that the sensitivity of X4-NI-tf and X4-NI-tfb(D100:370 and 350μC/cm2)was significantly higher than X4-I-otfdm(D100:3300μC/cm2),demonstrating that the sensitivity of sulfoxime oxime esters exceeds that of sulfonium salts and introduction of bromine can further enhance the sensitivity;based on above,X4-NI-tfb exhibited the lowest Z-factor and demonstrated the best overall performance.We believe that nonCAMGRs based on sulfoxime oxime esters represent a strong candidate for high-performance photoresists.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U25A20222,52501042,52271025,and U22A20174)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.GZC20240173)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2025‐BS‐0002)the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU(Grant No.SKLSP202518).
摘要Te‐free BiSbSe3is a promising medium‐temperature thermoelectric(TE)material owing to its cost‐effectiveness and intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity.However,its comparatively low electrical conductivity has severely hindered the optimization of TE performance.Herein,Ag compositing enables the simultaneous optimization of electrical and thermal transport performance for BiSbSe3+x%Ag composites.Specifically,Ag compositing induces the generation of narrow bandgap AgBiSe2 and BiSe precipitates,which optimize carrier transport through interfacial potential barrier engineering.Meanwhile,a fraction of Ag atoms occupies the van der Waals gaps,effectively increasing the carrier concentration and establishing supplementary conductive pathways.Additionally,the incorporation of multi‐scale defects,including point defects,dislocations,nanoclusters,heterogeneous interfaces,and elemental segregation,enables full‐frequency phonons scattering,thereby yielding a low lattice thermal conductivity of~0.21 W m−1K−1along the out‐of‐plane direction for BiSbSe3+0.2%Ag at 723 K.Ultimately,a maximum zT value of~0.45 is obtained along the out‐of‐plane direction for BiSbSe3+0.2%Ag composite at 723 K,corresponding to an approximately 7‐fold enhancement over that of BiSbSe3.This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms by which interstitial occupancy and multiphase engineering boost the TE performance,and establishes a practical design strategy and solid theoretical foundation for developing high‐performance TE materials.
基金funded by the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China,grant number 2024ZB02(X.Z.).
摘要As software applications grow increasingly large and complex,traditional code vulnerability detection methods struggle with performance and efficiency.Although code visualization-based algorithms have demonstrated effectiveness in capturing sparse features and complex workflows in large-scale source code,their capacity to extract global semantic information and intricate long-range dependencies remains limited.Recent large language model(LLM)-based approaches have shown promising accuracy by leveraging rich contextual information,but their high computational cost often limits practical efficiency.To address these challenges,we propose VulSCP,a new framework that integrates sequential convolution with a parallel attention mechanism.Specifically,VulSCP first constructs a semantically weighted graph from the source code,then employs sequential convolution to extract local vulnerability-related features,and finally enhances the global feature representation through parallel attention.Experimental results on large-scale C/C++function-level datasets show that VulSCP achieves an accuracy of 85.14%and a false positive rate of 17.25%,outperforming the best baseline in accuracy by 1.73 percentage points and reducing the false positive rate by 3.38 percentage points.Moreover,while maintaining high detection accuracy,VulSCP achieves a low average inference time of 1.89 s per sample,showing favorable efficiency compared with the evaluated LLM-based methods.These results suggest that VulSCP is a promising approach for vulnerability detection in large and complex software systems,offering a favorable balance between accuracy and efficiency.The source code of VulSCP is publicly available at http://gffzz188fe103f8f1460as505956fkq9ov6p05.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/Hwzx-ZeL/VulSCP.
摘要针对目前技术生命周期评估方法存在主观性强、缺乏理论支撑等不足,以及技术进化模式依赖于人工发现的问题,本研究提出一种基于TRIZ理论(theory of inventive problem solving,发明问题解决理论)结合隐马尔可夫模型的技术生命周期评估方法,以及基于技术生命周期聚类发现技术进化模式的自动识别方法。首先,基于TRIZ理论构建技术生命周期评估指标,使用隐马尔可夫模型集成评估指标,评估技术生命周期。其次,通过技术生命周期聚类,基于TRIZ理论识别技术进化模式。最后,从锂离子电池电解质领域获取实证数据,验证了本研究提出方法的准确性和有效性。