As hydrogen energy technologies gain momentum,the role of renewable energy in facilitating sustainable hydrogen production is becoming increasingly critical.As a hydrogen production method,water electrolysis has attra...As hydrogen energy technologies gain momentum,the role of renewable energy in facilitating sustainable hydrogen production is becoming increasingly critical.As a hydrogen production method,water electrolysis has attracted much attention from researchers due to its operational simplicity,the high purity of the hydrogen generated,and its potential for achieving zero carbon emissions throughout the process.Numerous studies has been manipulated on platinum(Pt)-based catalysts,which exhibit superior performance in hydrogen evolution reactions.Within this category,Pt nanoclusters stand out due to their unique attributes,such as quantum size effects and unique coordination environments.These features enable them to outperform both Pt metal atoms and nanoparticles in hydrogen evolution reactions regarding activity and stability.Here,we primarily delve into the reaction mechanisms underlying Pt nanocluster-based hydrogen catalysts,with particular emphasis on the interactions between the metal catalysts and their associated support materials.We provide an exhaustive summary of the strategies employed in the synthesis,the structural analyses conducted,and the performance metrics observed for Pt nanocluster catalysts when paired with various supporting materials.In closing,we explore the future potential and challenges facing Pt nanocluster-based catalysts in the context of industrial water electrolysis,along with emerging avenues for their design and optimization.展开更多
As an emergent energy carrier,ammonia benefits from a well-established industrial infrastructure for its transportation and production,positioning it as a promising candidate toward a carbon-free energy landscape.With...As an emergent energy carrier,ammonia benefits from a well-established industrial infrastructure for its transportation and production,positioning it as a promising candidate toward a carbon-free energy landscape.Within this context,the electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR)is pivotal.Platinum(Pt),recognized as the most efficient AOR catalyst,has undergone extensive development over the years,yielding notable advancements across various domains,ranging from elucidating the reaction mechanism to exploring innovative materials.This review begins by elucidating the mechanism of ammonia oxidation,summarizing the evolution of the mechanism and the diverse intermediates identified through various detection methods.Subsequently,it outlines the research progress surrounding different Pt-based catalysts,followed by a discussion on standard protocols for electrochemical ammonia oxidation testing,which facilitates meaningful comparisons across studies and catalyzes the development of more efficient and potent catalysts.Moreover,the review addresses current challenges in ammonia oxidation and outlines potential future directions,providing a comprehensive outlook on the field.展开更多
The objective of electrochemical CO2 reduction technologies(ECRs)is notably audacious:to revolutionize the market by generating fuel and essential chemicals at a more competitive price than petrochemicals can offer...The objective of electrochemical CO2 reduction technologies(ECRs)is notably audacious:to revolutionize the market by generating fuel and essential chemicals at a more competitive price than petrochemicals can offer,all while prioritizing environmental sustainability.To expedite the commercialization of ECR technology,we discuss here how ECR can reshape the industry landscape through 2e−pathways.展开更多
Electrocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion is crucial for advancing sustainable processes,and providing essential feedstocks for the chemical industry.Cobalt phthalocyanine(CoPc)is a well-established molecular catalyst ...Electrocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion is crucial for advancing sustainable processes,and providing essential feedstocks for the chemical industry.Cobalt phthalocyanine(CoPc)is a well-established molecular catalyst for this conversion;however,maintaining high selectivity at industrially relevant current densities remains a significant challenge.Herein,we present a Co–N5local structure anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes through axial nitrogen coordination engineering to CoPc(CoPc/N-CNTs).The catalyst demonstrates near-unity CO selectivity and a high CO turnover frequency,peaking at 19.2 s−1across a wide range of overpotentials.In flow cell tests,CoPc/N-CNTs achieve a CO Faradaic efficiency exceeding 95%at a current density of−800 mA cm−2.When integrated into a membrane electrode assembly,it maintained over 90%CO Faradaic efficiency at an industrial-scale current of−5 A for up to 20 h.Mechanistic studies revealed that Co–N5active sites accelerate*COOH formation and inhibit deeper*CO reduction to CH3OH while reducing HER activity by lowering H2O surface coverage.These findings offer a delicate catalyst design that enables the efficient and sustained conversion of CO2to CO.展开更多
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly heterogeneous tumor.Molecular profiling serves as the foundation for personalized treatment of ICC.Comprehensive molecular testing is needed to identify more patients th...Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly heterogeneous tumor.Molecular profiling serves as the foundation for personalized treatment of ICC.Comprehensive molecular testing is needed to identify more patients that are suitable for specific targeted therapies.This consensus is based on clinical data from both domestic and international sources,tailored to the Chinese context,and focuses on key targets for ICC.We present 15 recommendations aimed at guiding the precision detection of ICC.展开更多
AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging features of epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the liver (Epi-HAML), with pathology as a reference. METHODS: Th...AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging features of epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the liver (Epi-HAML), with pathology as a reference. METHODS: The CT/MRI findings (number, diameter, lobar location, and appearance of lesions) in a series of 10 patients with 12 pathologically proven epithelioid angiomyolipomas of the liver were retrospectively analyzed. The imaging features, including attenuation/ signal intensity characteristics, presence of fat, hypervascular, outer rim, and vessels within lesion, were evaluated and compared with that of non-Epi- HAML in 11 patients (13 lesions). The Fisher exact test was used to compare difference in probability of imaging features between the two types. RESULTS: For 21 patients, CT images of 15 patients and MR images of six patients were available. No patient underwent two examinations. For the 15 patients with a CT scan, all HAML lesions in the two groups (10 Epi-HAML and seven non-Epi-HAML) manifested as hypoattenuation. For the six patients with MRI, all lesions (two Epi-HAML and six non-Epi- HAML) were hypointense on TlWI (fat suppression) and hyperintense on T2WI. There were 10 non-Epi-HAML, but only two Epi-HAML lesions showed the presence of fat, which significantly different between the two types (P = 0.005). On the dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) imaging, eight Epi-HAML, and 13 non-Epi lesions manifested as hypervascular. Punctate or curved vessels were displayed in 10 Epi-HAML as well as in nine non- Epi lesions and outer rim enhancement could be found with eight Epi-HAML as well as six non-Epi lesions. CONCLUSION: Little or no presence of adipose tissue was found to be an imaging feature of Epi- HAML, compared with the non-Epi type. In addition, hypervascularity with opacification of central punctiform or filiform vessels on DCE would be a characteristic enhancement pattern for Epi-HAML.展开更多
Electrochemically reducing CO2to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels,but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropo...Electrochemically reducing CO2to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels,but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle.Among various electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2reduction,multifunctional metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have been employed as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their ultrahigh porosity and topologically diverse structures.Up to now,great progress has been achieved in the design and synthesis of highly active and selective MOF-related catalysts for electrochemical CO2reduction reaction(CO2RR),and their corresponding reaction mechanisms have been thoroughly studied.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of applying MOFs and their derivatives in CO2RR,with a focus on the design strategies for electrocatalysts and electrolyzers.We first discussed the reaction mechanisms for different CO2RR products and introduced the commonly applied electrolyzer configurations in the current CO2RR system.Then,an overview of several categories of products(CO,HCOOH,CH4,CH3OH,and multi-carbon chemicals)generated from MOFs or their derivatives via CO2RR was discussed.Finally,we offer some insights and perspectives for the future development of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical CO2reduction.We aim to provide new insights into this field and further guide future research for large-scale applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor(IPT)is classified into 2 types based on IgG 4 stain:IgG 4-related and non-IgG4-related; the two types differ not only in their pathological characteristics, but also in the ...BACKGROUND:Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor(IPT)is classified into 2 types based on IgG 4 stain:IgG 4-related and non-IgG4-related; the two types differ not only in their pathological characteristics, but also in the clinical features. This study aimed to investigate the MR character of hepatic IPT,and differentiate the IgG4-related IPT from the non-IgG4-related IPT.METHODS:Twenty-five patients with 27 histologically proven hepatic IPTs were retrospectively analyzed. Ten lesions were diagnosed as IgG4-related IPT, and the other 17 as non-IgG4-related IPT. The MR signal features on T1,T2-weighted, dynamic-enhanced, and diffusion-weighted imaging were evaluated and compared. RESULTS:The dominant lesions were subcapsularly distributed(n=17, 63.0%) with clear boundary(n=20, 74.1%), and showed progressive enhancement pattern(n=21, 77.8%) with diffuse homogeneous(n=12, 44.4%) or heterogeneous(n=8,29.6%) hyperintensity, accompanied by delayed capsule-like enhancement(n=17, 63.0%) and central nonenhanced areas(n=18, 66.7%). Morphological features(P>0.05) were not sufficient to differentiate IgG4-related IPT from non-IgG4-related IPT; the wash-out pattern was only found in 2 IgG 4-related IPT, while the progressive enhancement pattern was more common in the non-IgG4-related lesions(n=16)(P=0.022).During portal and delayed phases, iso-/hypoenhanced lesions were only seen in 3 IgG4-related IPT, and circular-enhanced lesions(n=5) existed exceptionally in the non-IgG4-related group with significant differences(P=0.029 and 0.027). Most IgG4-related IPTs had lower apparent diffusion coefficient compared with the liver parenchyma(n=6), while most non-IgG4-related IPTs had higher apparent diffusion coefficient value(n=13)(P=0.046).CONCLUSIONS:Although MR images of hepatic IPT have certain characteristics, they are not enough to differentiate IgG4-related IPT from non-IgG4-related IPT. The enhancement pattern, signal features on portal and delayed phases, and the apparent diffusion coefficient value of the lesion may be helpful for the diagnosis.展开更多
AIM: To recognize cystic neoplasia of the pancreas and thus to identify a panel of curable diseases. METHODS: Sixty-four cases of cystic neoplasia of the pancreas, including 28 cases of intraductal papillary mucinous ...AIM: To recognize cystic neoplasia of the pancreas and thus to identify a panel of curable diseases. METHODS: Sixty-four cases of cystic neoplasia of the pancreas, including 28 cases of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN), 12 cases of serous cystic neoplasia (SCN), 11 cases of mucinous cystic neoplasia (MCN), 11 cases of solid pseudo-papillary neoplasia (SPN), and 2 cases of solid tumor with cystic degeneration were examined immunohistochemically for their expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6, as well as other related antigens. RESULTS: Adenoma type of IPMN and borderline lesions exhibited high expressions of MUC2, and MUC5AC. In contrast, IPMN with invasive carcinoma component showed MUC1 immunoreactivity. SCN was mainly positive for MUC1 and MUC6, while negative for MUC2, MUC4 and MUC5AC. Noninvasive MCN, regardless of its cellular atypia degree, was positive for MUC5AC and negative for MUC1. MUC1 expression was only observed in patients with an invasive component. No mucin expression was found in SPN. CONCLUSION: Mucin profile may, in conjunction with histologic study, provide important information on tumor types and patient treatment of cystic neoplasia of the pancreas.展开更多
The risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is strongly associated with hepatitis B virus infection.Hepatic angiomyolipoma(AML),a rare benign tumor,is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of adipose cells,smoo...The risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is strongly associated with hepatitis B virus infection.Hepatic angiomyolipoma(AML),a rare benign tumor,is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of adipose cells,smooth muscle cells and blood vessels.Here,we report the case of a 44-year-old man who developed HCC with a concomitant hepatic AML and a cavernous hemangioma,in the absence of cirrhosis.To our knowledge,based on an extensive literature search using the www.pubmed.gov website,this is the first report of an HCC case with both concomitant AML and cavernous hemangioma at the same position in the liver.The presence of the hepatitis B surface antigen was detected,but the liver function was normal.Clinical and pathological data were collected before and during the treatment.Hepatic AML was diagnosed based on the typical histological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining,which revealed,a positive staining with a melanocytic cell-specific monoclonal antibody.There was no evidence of tuberous sclerosis complex in this patient.Although the HCC was poor- to moderately-differentiated,the characteristics of the AML and the cavernous hemangioma in this patient did not match any criteria for malignancy.Hepatectomy followed by transarterial chemoembolization treatment were effective therapeutic methods for the adjacent lesions in this patient.This case is an interesting coincidence.展开更多
Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a very unusual tumor.Although LMS has well-known metastatic potential,cutaneous metastasis is a remarkably uncommon.Exposure to cytotoxic agents could lead to "therapy-rela...Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a very unusual tumor.Although LMS has well-known metastatic potential,cutaneous metastasis is a remarkably uncommon.Exposure to cytotoxic agents could lead to "therapy-related myeloid neoplasm" (t-MN).Starting from 2008,the World Health Organization (WHO) has adopted the term to cover the spectrum of malignant diseases previously known as therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML),therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and therapy-related myelodysplastic/myelo-proliferative neoplasm (t-MDS/MPN).We described the onset of t-MDS and progression to t-AML in one case diagnosed as primary pulmonary LMS with cutaneous metastasis.This patient achieved complete remission (CR) after three courses of IA regimen chemotherapy (idarubicin 5 mg/d,d 1-3;cytarabine 100 mg/d,d 1-5) and 1 course of HA chemotherapy regimen (homoharringtonine 3 mg/d,d 1-3;cytarabine 100 mg/d,d 1-7).This case presents the natural course of therapy-related neoplasm and provides therapeutic experience for t-AML.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver is a rare neoplasm.So far,23 cases have been described in the English literature.We reported an additional case.METHODS:A 46-year-old woman presented with abdominal mass ...BACKGROUND:Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver is a rare neoplasm.So far,23 cases have been described in the English literature.We reported an additional case.METHODS:A 46-year-old woman presented with abdominal mass for 2 weeks.Both abdominal sonography and CT scan showed a solid mass occupying the right lobe of the liver.Right lobectomy was performed and the tumor was resected.RESULTS:Pathological examination showed spindle cell and fibroblast-like cells within the collagenous troma.On immunohistochemical staining,these spindle tumor cells showed diffusely CD34 positive reactivity.The post-operative course was uneventful.The patient recovered smoothly,and was alive half a year without evidence of disease recurrence.CONCLUSIONS:The proper diagnosis was depended on CD34 immunohistochemical study.The number of solitary fibrous tumor of the liver reported to date is too limited to confirm the definite prognosis of the tumor.展开更多
Silicone rubber(SR) composites are most widely used as thermal interface materials(TIMs) for electronics heat dissipation. Thermal impedance as the main bottleneck limiting the performance of TIMs is usually neglected...Silicone rubber(SR) composites are most widely used as thermal interface materials(TIMs) for electronics heat dissipation. Thermal impedance as the main bottleneck limiting the performance of TIMs is usually neglected. Herein, the thermal impedance of SR composites loaded with different levels of hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) as TIMs was elaborated for the first time by the ASTM D 5470 standard test and finite element analysis. It was found that elastic modulus and surface roughness of SR composites increased with the increase of h-BN content, indicating that the conformity was reduced. When the assembly pressure was 0.69 MPa, there existed an optimal h-BN content at which the contact resistance was minimum(0.39 K·cm2·W-1). Although the decreased bond line thickness(BLT) by increasing the assembly pressure was beneficial to reduce the thermal impedance, the proper assembly pressure should be selected to prevent the warpage of the contact surfaces and the increase in contact resistance, according to the compression properties of the SR composites. This study provides valuable insights into fabrication of high-performance TIMs for modern electronic device applications.展开更多
Steroid hormones are one of the major bioactive lipid species that regulate a large number of physiological processes including developmental transitions, growth, metabolism, inflammation, immune response and reproduc...Steroid hormones are one of the major bioactive lipid species that regulate a large number of physiological processes including developmental transitions, growth, metabolism, inflammation, immune response and reproduction in animals. In insects, steroid hormones ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) trigger the major transitional events, molting and metamorphosis (Thummel, 1996). In Drosophila, ecdysone synthesis primarily occurs in the prothoracic gland, an endocrine gland expressing a large number of ecdysone biosynthetic enzymes required for a series of hydroxylation and oxidation steps.展开更多
AIM: Recently it has been reported that granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) can induce hypercoagulability in healthy bone marrow donors. It is conceivable that the induction of a prothrombotic state in a ...AIM: Recently it has been reported that granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) can induce hypercoagulability in healthy bone marrow donors. It is conceivable that the induction of a prothrombotic state in a recipient of an organ graft with already impaired perfusion might cause further deterioration in the transplanted organ. This study evaluated whether G-CSF treatment worsens liver perfusion following liver transplantation in the rat model. METHODS: A non-arterialized rat liver transplantation model was employed to evaluate the effect of G-CSF treatment on the liver in a syngeneic and allogeneic strain combination. Study outcomes included survival time and liver damage as investigated by liver enzymes and liver histology. Observation times were 1 d, 1 wk and 12 wk. RESULTS: Rats treated with G-CSF had increased incidence and severity of biliary damage following liver transplantation. In these animals, hepatocellular necrosis was accentuated in the centrilobular region. These lesions are indicative of impaired perfusion in G-CSF treated animals. CONCLUSION: G-CSF should be used with caution in recipients of liver transplantation, as treatment might enhance preexisting, undetected perfusion problems and ultimately lead to ischemia induced biliary complications .展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4102000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Nos.22102018 and 52171201)+4 种基金the Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022GZ45)the Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale(No.KF2021005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation-Funded Project(No.2022M710601)the Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.2023GZ02)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.24NSFSC5779)。
摘要As hydrogen energy technologies gain momentum,the role of renewable energy in facilitating sustainable hydrogen production is becoming increasingly critical.As a hydrogen production method,water electrolysis has attracted much attention from researchers due to its operational simplicity,the high purity of the hydrogen generated,and its potential for achieving zero carbon emissions throughout the process.Numerous studies has been manipulated on platinum(Pt)-based catalysts,which exhibit superior performance in hydrogen evolution reactions.Within this category,Pt nanoclusters stand out due to their unique attributes,such as quantum size effects and unique coordination environments.These features enable them to outperform both Pt metal atoms and nanoparticles in hydrogen evolution reactions regarding activity and stability.Here,we primarily delve into the reaction mechanisms underlying Pt nanocluster-based hydrogen catalysts,with particular emphasis on the interactions between the metal catalysts and their associated support materials.We provide an exhaustive summary of the strategies employed in the synthesis,the structural analyses conducted,and the performance metrics observed for Pt nanocluster catalysts when paired with various supporting materials.In closing,we explore the future potential and challenges facing Pt nanocluster-based catalysts in the context of industrial water electrolysis,along with emerging avenues for their design and optimization.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFB4102000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22102018 and 52171201)+5 种基金the Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.2022GZ45)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation-Funded Project(No.2022M710601)the Huzhou Science and Technology Bureau(No.2023GZ02)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.24NSFSC5779)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22322201 and 22278067)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0094)。
摘要As an emergent energy carrier,ammonia benefits from a well-established industrial infrastructure for its transportation and production,positioning it as a promising candidate toward a carbon-free energy landscape.Within this context,the electrocatalytic ammonia oxidation reaction(AOR)is pivotal.Platinum(Pt),recognized as the most efficient AOR catalyst,has undergone extensive development over the years,yielding notable advancements across various domains,ranging from elucidating the reaction mechanism to exploring innovative materials.This review begins by elucidating the mechanism of ammonia oxidation,summarizing the evolution of the mechanism and the diverse intermediates identified through various detection methods.Subsequently,it outlines the research progress surrounding different Pt-based catalysts,followed by a discussion on standard protocols for electrochemical ammonia oxidation testing,which facilitates meaningful comparisons across studies and catalyzes the development of more efficient and potent catalysts.Moreover,the review addresses current challenges in ammonia oxidation and outlines potential future directions,providing a comprehensive outlook on the field.
摘要The objective of electrochemical CO2 reduction technologies(ECRs)is notably audacious:to revolutionize the market by generating fuel and essential chemicals at a more competitive price than petrochemicals can offer,all while prioritizing environmental sustainability.To expedite the commercialization of ECR technology,we discuss here how ECR can reshape the industry landscape through 2e−pathways.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1505700)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYGX2022J012)+2 种基金the NSFC(52171201,22278067,22322201,22201272)the Central Government Funds of Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development for Sichuan Province(2024ZYD0152)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2025NSFJQ0017,2024NSFSC1107,2024NSFSC1104,2023NSFSC0094)。
摘要Electrocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion is crucial for advancing sustainable processes,and providing essential feedstocks for the chemical industry.Cobalt phthalocyanine(CoPc)is a well-established molecular catalyst for this conversion;however,maintaining high selectivity at industrially relevant current densities remains a significant challenge.Herein,we present a Co–N5local structure anchored on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes through axial nitrogen coordination engineering to CoPc(CoPc/N-CNTs).The catalyst demonstrates near-unity CO selectivity and a high CO turnover frequency,peaking at 19.2 s−1across a wide range of overpotentials.In flow cell tests,CoPc/N-CNTs achieve a CO Faradaic efficiency exceeding 95%at a current density of−800 mA cm−2.When integrated into a membrane electrode assembly,it maintained over 90%CO Faradaic efficiency at an industrial-scale current of−5 A for up to 20 h.Mechanistic studies revealed that Co–N5active sites accelerate*COOH formation and inhibit deeper*CO reduction to CH3OH while reducing HER activity by lowering H2O surface coverage.These findings offer a delicate catalyst design that enables the efficient and sustained conversion of CO2to CO.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22 JC1403002).
摘要Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)is a highly heterogeneous tumor.Molecular profiling serves as the foundation for personalized treatment of ICC.Comprehensive molecular testing is needed to identify more patients that are suitable for specific targeted therapies.This consensus is based on clinical data from both domestic and international sources,tailored to the Chinese context,and focuses on key targets for ICC.We present 15 recommendations aimed at guiding the precision detection of ICC.
摘要AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging features of epithelioid angiomyolipoma of the liver (Epi-HAML), with pathology as a reference. METHODS: The CT/MRI findings (number, diameter, lobar location, and appearance of lesions) in a series of 10 patients with 12 pathologically proven epithelioid angiomyolipomas of the liver were retrospectively analyzed. The imaging features, including attenuation/ signal intensity characteristics, presence of fat, hypervascular, outer rim, and vessels within lesion, were evaluated and compared with that of non-Epi- HAML in 11 patients (13 lesions). The Fisher exact test was used to compare difference in probability of imaging features between the two types. RESULTS: For 21 patients, CT images of 15 patients and MR images of six patients were available. No patient underwent two examinations. For the 15 patients with a CT scan, all HAML lesions in the two groups (10 Epi-HAML and seven non-Epi-HAML) manifested as hypoattenuation. For the six patients with MRI, all lesions (two Epi-HAML and six non-Epi- HAML) were hypointense on TlWI (fat suppression) and hyperintense on T2WI. There were 10 non-Epi-HAML, but only two Epi-HAML lesions showed the presence of fat, which significantly different between the two types (P = 0.005). On the dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) imaging, eight Epi-HAML, and 13 non-Epi lesions manifested as hypervascular. Punctate or curved vessels were displayed in 10 Epi-HAML as well as in nine non- Epi lesions and outer rim enhancement could be found with eight Epi-HAML as well as six non-Epi lesions. CONCLUSION: Little or no presence of adipose tissue was found to be an imaging feature of Epi- HAML, compared with the non-Epi type. In addition, hypervascularity with opacification of central punctiform or filiform vessels on DCE would be a characteristic enhancement pattern for Epi-HAML.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4102000)NSFC(22102018 and 52171201)+5 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(2022NSFSC0194)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03017)the Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale(KF2021005)the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for startup funding(A1098531023601264)Q.J.acknowledges the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project(2022M710601)the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China for startup funding(Y030212059003039).
摘要Electrochemically reducing CO2to more reduced chemical species is a promising way that not only enables the conversion of intermittent energy resources to stable fuels,but also helps to build a closed-loop anthropogenic carbon cycle.Among various electrocatalysts for electrochemical CO2reduction,multifunctional metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)have been employed as highly efficient and selective heterogeneous electrocatalysts due to their ultrahigh porosity and topologically diverse structures.Up to now,great progress has been achieved in the design and synthesis of highly active and selective MOF-related catalysts for electrochemical CO2reduction reaction(CO2RR),and their corresponding reaction mechanisms have been thoroughly studied.In this review,we summarize the recent progress of applying MOFs and their derivatives in CO2RR,with a focus on the design strategies for electrocatalysts and electrolyzers.We first discussed the reaction mechanisms for different CO2RR products and introduced the commonly applied electrolyzer configurations in the current CO2RR system.Then,an overview of several categories of products(CO,HCOOH,CH4,CH3OH,and multi-carbon chemicals)generated from MOFs or their derivatives via CO2RR was discussed.Finally,we offer some insights and perspectives for the future development of MOFs and their derivatives in electrochemical CO2reduction.We aim to provide new insights into this field and further guide future research for large-scale applications.
基金supported by grants from the Youth National Natural Science Foundation of China(81601488)the Shanghai Sailing Program(16YF1410600)
摘要BACKGROUND:Hepatic inflammatory pseudotumor(IPT)is classified into 2 types based on IgG 4 stain:IgG 4-related and non-IgG4-related; the two types differ not only in their pathological characteristics, but also in the clinical features. This study aimed to investigate the MR character of hepatic IPT,and differentiate the IgG4-related IPT from the non-IgG4-related IPT.METHODS:Twenty-five patients with 27 histologically proven hepatic IPTs were retrospectively analyzed. Ten lesions were diagnosed as IgG4-related IPT, and the other 17 as non-IgG4-related IPT. The MR signal features on T1,T2-weighted, dynamic-enhanced, and diffusion-weighted imaging were evaluated and compared. RESULTS:The dominant lesions were subcapsularly distributed(n=17, 63.0%) with clear boundary(n=20, 74.1%), and showed progressive enhancement pattern(n=21, 77.8%) with diffuse homogeneous(n=12, 44.4%) or heterogeneous(n=8,29.6%) hyperintensity, accompanied by delayed capsule-like enhancement(n=17, 63.0%) and central nonenhanced areas(n=18, 66.7%). Morphological features(P>0.05) were not sufficient to differentiate IgG4-related IPT from non-IgG4-related IPT; the wash-out pattern was only found in 2 IgG 4-related IPT, while the progressive enhancement pattern was more common in the non-IgG4-related lesions(n=16)(P=0.022).During portal and delayed phases, iso-/hypoenhanced lesions were only seen in 3 IgG4-related IPT, and circular-enhanced lesions(n=5) existed exceptionally in the non-IgG4-related group with significant differences(P=0.029 and 0.027). Most IgG4-related IPTs had lower apparent diffusion coefficient compared with the liver parenchyma(n=6), while most non-IgG4-related IPTs had higher apparent diffusion coefficient value(n=13)(P=0.046).CONCLUSIONS:Although MR images of hepatic IPT have certain characteristics, they are not enough to differentiate IgG4-related IPT from non-IgG4-related IPT. The enhancement pattern, signal features on portal and delayed phases, and the apparent diffusion coefficient value of the lesion may be helpful for the diagnosis.
摘要AIM: To recognize cystic neoplasia of the pancreas and thus to identify a panel of curable diseases. METHODS: Sixty-four cases of cystic neoplasia of the pancreas, including 28 cases of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN), 12 cases of serous cystic neoplasia (SCN), 11 cases of mucinous cystic neoplasia (MCN), 11 cases of solid pseudo-papillary neoplasia (SPN), and 2 cases of solid tumor with cystic degeneration were examined immunohistochemically for their expression of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, and MUC6, as well as other related antigens. RESULTS: Adenoma type of IPMN and borderline lesions exhibited high expressions of MUC2, and MUC5AC. In contrast, IPMN with invasive carcinoma component showed MUC1 immunoreactivity. SCN was mainly positive for MUC1 and MUC6, while negative for MUC2, MUC4 and MUC5AC. Noninvasive MCN, regardless of its cellular atypia degree, was positive for MUC5AC and negative for MUC1. MUC1 expression was only observed in patients with an invasive component. No mucin expression was found in SPN. CONCLUSION: Mucin profile may, in conjunction with histologic study, provide important information on tumor types and patient treatment of cystic neoplasia of the pancreas.
摘要The risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is strongly associated with hepatitis B virus infection.Hepatic angiomyolipoma(AML),a rare benign tumor,is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of adipose cells,smooth muscle cells and blood vessels.Here,we report the case of a 44-year-old man who developed HCC with a concomitant hepatic AML and a cavernous hemangioma,in the absence of cirrhosis.To our knowledge,based on an extensive literature search using the www.pubmed.gov website,this is the first report of an HCC case with both concomitant AML and cavernous hemangioma at the same position in the liver.The presence of the hepatitis B surface antigen was detected,but the liver function was normal.Clinical and pathological data were collected before and during the treatment.Hepatic AML was diagnosed based on the typical histological characteristics and immunohistochemical staining,which revealed,a positive staining with a melanocytic cell-specific monoclonal antibody.There was no evidence of tuberous sclerosis complex in this patient.Although the HCC was poor- to moderately-differentiated,the characteristics of the AML and the cavernous hemangioma in this patient did not match any criteria for malignancy.Hepatectomy followed by transarterial chemoembolization treatment were effective therapeutic methods for the adjacent lesions in this patient.This case is an interesting coincidence.
摘要Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a very unusual tumor.Although LMS has well-known metastatic potential,cutaneous metastasis is a remarkably uncommon.Exposure to cytotoxic agents could lead to "therapy-related myeloid neoplasm" (t-MN).Starting from 2008,the World Health Organization (WHO) has adopted the term to cover the spectrum of malignant diseases previously known as therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML),therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) and therapy-related myelodysplastic/myelo-proliferative neoplasm (t-MDS/MPN).We described the onset of t-MDS and progression to t-AML in one case diagnosed as primary pulmonary LMS with cutaneous metastasis.This patient achieved complete remission (CR) after three courses of IA regimen chemotherapy (idarubicin 5 mg/d,d 1-3;cytarabine 100 mg/d,d 1-5) and 1 course of HA chemotherapy regimen (homoharringtonine 3 mg/d,d 1-3;cytarabine 100 mg/d,d 1-7).This case presents the natural course of therapy-related neoplasm and provides therapeutic experience for t-AML.
摘要BACKGROUND:Solitary fibrous tumor of the liver is a rare neoplasm.So far,23 cases have been described in the English literature.We reported an additional case.METHODS:A 46-year-old woman presented with abdominal mass for 2 weeks.Both abdominal sonography and CT scan showed a solid mass occupying the right lobe of the liver.Right lobectomy was performed and the tumor was resected.RESULTS:Pathological examination showed spindle cell and fibroblast-like cells within the collagenous troma.On immunohistochemical staining,these spindle tumor cells showed diffusely CD34 positive reactivity.The post-operative course was uneventful.The patient recovered smoothly,and was alive half a year without evidence of disease recurrence.CONCLUSIONS:The proper diagnosis was depended on CD34 immunohistochemical study.The number of solitary fibrous tumor of the liver reported to date is too limited to confirm the definite prognosis of the tumor.
基金financially supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No.2022YFH0090)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
摘要Silicone rubber(SR) composites are most widely used as thermal interface materials(TIMs) for electronics heat dissipation. Thermal impedance as the main bottleneck limiting the performance of TIMs is usually neglected. Herein, the thermal impedance of SR composites loaded with different levels of hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) as TIMs was elaborated for the first time by the ASTM D 5470 standard test and finite element analysis. It was found that elastic modulus and surface roughness of SR composites increased with the increase of h-BN content, indicating that the conformity was reduced. When the assembly pressure was 0.69 MPa, there existed an optimal h-BN content at which the contact resistance was minimum(0.39 K·cm2·W-1). Although the decreased bond line thickness(BLT) by increasing the assembly pressure was beneficial to reduce the thermal impedance, the proper assembly pressure should be selected to prevent the warpage of the contact surfaces and the increase in contact resistance, according to the compression properties of the SR composites. This study provides valuable insights into fabrication of high-performance TIMs for modern electronic device applications.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2016YFA0500100/2018YFA0506902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31630019)
摘要Steroid hormones are one of the major bioactive lipid species that regulate a large number of physiological processes including developmental transitions, growth, metabolism, inflammation, immune response and reproduction in animals. In insects, steroid hormones ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) trigger the major transitional events, molting and metamorphosis (Thummel, 1996). In Drosophila, ecdysone synthesis primarily occurs in the prothoracic gland, an endocrine gland expressing a large number of ecdysone biosynthetic enzymes required for a series of hydroxylation and oxidation steps.
基金Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (KFO 117/1) and the IFORES Research Program, University Hospital Essen
摘要AIM: Recently it has been reported that granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) can induce hypercoagulability in healthy bone marrow donors. It is conceivable that the induction of a prothrombotic state in a recipient of an organ graft with already impaired perfusion might cause further deterioration in the transplanted organ. This study evaluated whether G-CSF treatment worsens liver perfusion following liver transplantation in the rat model. METHODS: A non-arterialized rat liver transplantation model was employed to evaluate the effect of G-CSF treatment on the liver in a syngeneic and allogeneic strain combination. Study outcomes included survival time and liver damage as investigated by liver enzymes and liver histology. Observation times were 1 d, 1 wk and 12 wk. RESULTS: Rats treated with G-CSF had increased incidence and severity of biliary damage following liver transplantation. In these animals, hepatocellular necrosis was accentuated in the centrilobular region. These lesions are indicative of impaired perfusion in G-CSF treated animals. CONCLUSION: G-CSF should be used with caution in recipients of liver transplantation, as treatment might enhance preexisting, undetected perfusion problems and ultimately lead to ischemia induced biliary complications .