Dear Editor,Male infertility comprises 50%of infertility cases globally,and one of the most severe forms is non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA),which affects approximately 10%–15%of infertile men.1 Genetic factors play ...Dear Editor,Male infertility comprises 50%of infertility cases globally,and one of the most severe forms is non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA),which affects approximately 10%–15%of infertile men.1 Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of NOA.Recent research progress has increasingly elucidated the pathogenesis of NOA.Multiple studies,particularly those using whole-exome sequencing,have identified an increasing number of pathogenic genes,including meiosis specific with OB-fold(MEIOB),telomere repeat binding bouquet formation protein 1(TERB1),and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 26(USP26)2–4 associated with NOA.These findings have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the failure of spermatogenesis.However,the genetic etiology of NOA for a considerable number of patients remains to be identified.展开更多
Glycosylation-omics has emerged as a prominent field for early detection and diagnosis by identifying alterations in glycosylation patterns linked to cancer.In the realm of clinical multi-glycosylation-omics applicati...Glycosylation-omics has emerged as a prominent field for early detection and diagnosis by identifying alterations in glycosylation patterns linked to cancer.In the realm of clinical multi-glycosylation-omics applications,there is a critical need for robust,efficient,and cost-effective preprocessing methodologies capable of handling large sample cohorts.To bridge this gap,we introduce the GlycoPro platform,an innovative solution designed to overcome the limitations of existing analysis methods.Tailored for multi-glycosylation-omics sample preprocessing,GlycoPro refines existing workflows by seamlessly integrating steps including protein extraction,desalting,digestion,derivatization,and enrichment.The GlycoPro platform employs a 96-well plate format,enabling the efficient enrichment or desalting of up to 384 samples in a single day.This capability represents a significant increase in throughput,meeting the demands of large-scale clinical sample preprocessing for mass spectrometry analysis.The GlycoPro platform was used to successfully enrich serum N-glycans from breast cancer patients,revealing unique glycomic signatures that distinguish malignant from benign conditions.We have developed a robust Nglycan biomarker panel,demonstrating a sensitivity of 88.24%and a specificity of 78.95%in diagnostics.展开更多
The landmark detection of neutrinos from SN1987A marked the dawn of neutrino astrophysics.The neutrino burst provided essential insights into fundamental properties of neutrinos and served as key probes of stellar evo...The landmark detection of neutrinos from SN1987A marked the dawn of neutrino astrophysics.The neutrino burst provided essential insights into fundamental properties of neutrinos and served as key probes of stellar evolution and supernova dynamics.The recent advancement in coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering enables the detection of core-collapse supernova burst neutrinos using tonne-scale liquid xenon detectors originally designed for dark matter direct detection.Leveraging this capability,we developed and deployed an online supernova monitoring system for the PandaX-4T experiment.This system features a GPS module with millisecond-level timing precision,a low false-alarm rate,and high sensitivity to galactic core-collapse supernova explosion events.The methodology is robust,directly scalable,and planned for implementation in the next-generation PandaX-20T experiment.展开更多
Objectives Dysregulated osteoclast function contributes to skeletal diseases.However,the specific ubiquitination regulators of the osteoclastogenesis repressor MafB,particularly at the post-translational level,remain ...Objectives Dysregulated osteoclast function contributes to skeletal diseases.However,the specific ubiquitination regulators of the osteoclastogenesis repressor MafB,particularly at the post-translational level,remain undefined.This study aims to identify ubiquitin-specific proteases(USPs)that deubiquitinate MafB and enhance its stability.Methods We constructed a MafB-conjugated luciferase and overexpressed 40 individual USPs,measuring changes in luciferase activity.The identified USP was overexpressed in human CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)to evaluate its effect.Osteoclast differentiation was assessed through osteoclast marker Integrin alpha-V(CD51)staining and Western blot analysis.Co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP)was performed to assess the interplay.The influence on MafB ubiquitination and degradation was evaluated via immunoprecipitation and Western blot.Finally,MafB was knocked down in the USP-overexpressing PBMCs to analyze its effect on osteoclast differentiation.Results Overexpression of ubiquitin-specific protease 29(USP29)significantly increased MafB expression by approximately 75%(p<0.0001).Elevated USP29 levels strongly inhibited osteoclastic differentiation in CD14+ PBMCs(p<0.0001).USP29 was found to interact with MafB,markedly reducing its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation in PBMCs(p<0.001).Knocking down MafB in USP29-overexpressing PBMCs alleviated the inhibitory effect of USP29 on osteoclastogenesis.Conclusion USP29 acts as a potent stabilizer of MafB,inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in human CD14+ PBMCs,at least in part,by enhancing MafB stability.These findings expand our understanding of USP29’s role and the post-translational regulation of MafB.Furthermore,USP29 serves as a vital factor that controls osteoclast differentiation,and its regulatory function is at least partially mediated by deubiquitinating and stabilizing MafB.展开更多
The air traffic management(ATM)system is one of the important national information infrastructures,and its information security is crucial.According to the requirements of the aviation cybersecurity strategy released ...The air traffic management(ATM)system is one of the important national information infrastructures,and its information security is crucial.According to the requirements of the aviation cybersecurity strategy released by the international civil aviation organization(ICAO)in October 2019,it is necessary to achieve security situational awareness of ATM systems.This paper proposes an ATM multiple regression situation assessment model based on the sparrow search algorithm bidirectional long short-term memory(SSA-BiLSTM),considering the characteristics of wide area distribution and multi-source heterogeneous data in ATM systems.This model utilizes sparse autoencoder(SAE)to extract multivariate and time series features of ATM system data,and uses sparrow search algorithm(SSA)to optimize the hyperparameters of BiLSTM model,reducing the influence of subjective factors on security situation assessment results and solving the problem of subjective interference in existing situation assessment methods.This paper compares the SSA-BiLSTM model with other situational assessment methods.The mean absolute error(MAE)on the standard dataset is 0.0027,outperforming other methods and demonstrating advantages.In tests on the ATM dataset,due to its high nonlinearity,noise interference,and temporal dependencies,the model’s MAE reached 0.36744,which outperforms other approaches and meets the practical requirements of the ATM environment.展开更多
The efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons and the effective activation of reactive molecules are among the major challenges in photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Defect engineering can enhance the catalyst&...The efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons and the effective activation of reactive molecules are among the major challenges in photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Defect engineering can enhance the catalyst's ability to adsorb and activate N2and H2O,while the ultrathin structure with maximized active crystal facets can maximize the enrichment of effective photogenerated electrons.This work employs a two-step synergistic method to fabricate ultrathin BiVO4with oxygen vacancies and bismuth vacancies(2D-VBi+O-BVO,thickness<20 nm)for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and atomic force microscopy characterization confirm the transformation of BiVO4from bulk material(bulk-BVO,~1300 nm)to an ultrathin structure(~15 nm).TEM,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,electron paramagnetic resonance characterizations,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations verify the construction of oxygen and bismuth vacancies in the ultrathin BiVO4.Compared to bulk-BVO,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation efficiency of 2D-VBi+O-BVO is increased by 4.7 times,with the highest activity reaching 158.73μmol·g-1·h-1.N2-temperature programmed desorption and DFT calculations demonstrate that the oxygen and bismuth vacancies in BiVO4,respectively,promote the adsorption/activation of N2and H2O,which is crucial for the overall nitrogen reduction reaction.Photo-deposition experiments prove that the(040)plane is the active surface for electrons.And the ultrathin structure maximizes the(040)facet of BiVO4,which is conducive to the high enrichment of electrons.Meanwhile,more active sites can be exposed for the activation of N2and H2O.In situ infrared spectroscopy confirms that N2can be effectively adsorbed onto 2D-VBi+O-BVO,and the presence of NH2-NH2active species is consistent with the alternating reaction pathway.This study provides new insights into the development of green and efficient photocatalysts with dual vacancies and ultrathin structures.展开更多
The PICOSEC Micromegas(MM)is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and an MM amplifying structure.It features a two-stage amplification process th...The PICOSEC Micromegas(MM)is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and an MM amplifying structure.It features a two-stage amplification process that leads to a significant deterioration of non-uniformity when scaling up to larger areas.Since the performance of gaseous detectors is highly dependent on the choice of working gas,optimizing the gas mixture offers a promising solution to improve the uniformity performance.This paper addresses these challenges through a combined approach of simulation based on Garfield++and experimental studies.The simulation investigates the properties of different mixing fractions of gas mixtures and their impact on detector performance,including gain uniformity and time resolution.To verify the simulation results,experimental tests were conducted using a multi-channel PICOSEC MM prototype with different gas mixtures.The experimental results are consistent with the findings of the simulation,indicating that a higher concentration of neon significantly improves the detector’s gain uniformity.Furthermore,the influence of gas mixtures on time resolution was explored as a critical performance indicator.The study presented in this paper offers valuable insights for improving uniformity in large-area PICOSEC MM detectors and optimizing overall performance.展开更多
The irregular porous structure,similar to human bone tissue,is more beneficial for bone ingrowth than the regular one.We proposed a new design method to create uniform and gradient irregular porous structures with por...The irregular porous structure,similar to human bone tissue,is more beneficial for bone ingrowth than the regular one.We proposed a new design method to create uniform and gradient irregular porous structures with porosities from 38 to 83%based on Voronoi tessellation.The models were fabricated using selective laser sintering,and micro-CT was used to assess their morphological features.Mechanical and fluid flow properties were evaluated through experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations.Micro-CT scans confirmed that 3D printing can produce high-quality irregular structures.The Graded Irregular(GI)structure showed clear advantages in mechanical properties by reducing stress shielding and improving hydrodynamic performance with higher fluid flow velocity and lower permeability compared to the Uniform Irregular(UI)structure.Additionally,in vitro cell experiments indicated that the GI structure was better than the UI structure in promoting osteogenic differentiation,while in vivo animal studies showed that the GI structure was superior in terms of the ratio of Bone Volume to Total Volume(BV/TV)and Trabecular Number(Tb.N).Thus,the GI structure has greater application potential in bone tissue engineering.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a long history and is widely used to prevent and treat various diseases.With the development of modern technology,an increasing number of active ingredients—such as curcumin,berbe...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a long history and is widely used to prevent and treat various diseases.With the development of modern technology,an increasing number of active ingredients—such as curcumin,berberine,and baicalin—have been identified and validated within TCM.Concurrently,the emergence of nanotechnology has led to the discovery of numerous nanomedicines based on the self-assembly of active ingredients from TCM.Polymer materials can enhance the bioavailability of these active compounds and reduce their toxic side effects.Moreover,compared to synthetic polymers,natural polymer materials offer advantages such as non-toxicity and high biosafety when used in drug delivery systems.However,natural polymers tend to be unstable and are easily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,and pH,which complicates quality control.Additionally,the cost of obtaining natural polymer materials remains high.This article summarizes and analyzes 232 pieces of the research studies on self-assembled polymer materials via noncovalent interactions,including hydrogen bonding,π-πinteractions,hydrophobic interactions,and electrostatic interactions.The review primarily focuses on the active ingredients derived from TCM and provides a concise overview of future directions for polymer materials,including controlled drug delivery,targeted disease treatment,clinical translation,and green synthesis methods.展开更多
To investigate the flame and overpressure characteristics of methane–air explosion with different obstacle configurations,an experimental study has been conducted,taking account of the number of obstacles,obstacle di...To investigate the flame and overpressure characteristics of methane–air explosion with different obstacle configurations,an experimental study has been conducted,taking account of the number of obstacles,obstacle distance from ignition source,and stream-wise and cross-wise obstacle positions.The results show that the flame speed and peak overpressure increase with the increasing number of obstacles,while the time to reach the peak is not fully determined by it.And the configuration having the farthest obstacle produces a higher overpressure and takes a longer time to reach the peak,but a slower flame propagation speed is obtained.Similar explosion characteristics are also observed in the configurations with two obstacles fixed at different stream-wise positions.Furthermore,the experimental results demonstrate that the peak overpressures and flame speeds in configurations with central or staggered obstacles are relatively higher,which should to be avoided in practical processes to minimize the risk associated with methane–air explosion.展开更多
The research aimed to understand farmers’willingness to adopt(WTA)and willingness to pay(WTP)for precision pesticide technologies and analyzed the determinants of farmers’decision-making.We used a two-stage approach...The research aimed to understand farmers’willingness to adopt(WTA)and willingness to pay(WTP)for precision pesticide technologies and analyzed the determinants of farmers’decision-making.We used a two-stage approach to consider farmers’WTA and WTP for precision pesticide technologies.A survey of 545 apple farmers was administered in Bohai Bay and the Loess Plateau in China.The data were analyzed using the double-hurdle model.The results indicated that 78.72%of respondents were willing to apply precision pesticide technologies provided by service organizations such as cooperatives and dedicated enterprises,and 69.72%were willing to buy the equipment for using precision pesticide technologies.The results of the determinant analysis indicated that farmers’perceived perceptions,farm scale,cooperative membership,access to digital information,and availability of financial services had significant and positive impacts on farmers’WTA precision pesticide technologies.Cooperative membership,technical training,and adherence to environmental regulations increased farmers’WTP for precision pesticide technologies.Moreover,nonlinear relationships between age,agricultural experience,and farmers’WTA and WTP for precision pesticide technology services were found.展开更多
This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the cons...This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the consensus-based group decisionmaking with incomplete preferences,Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Moreover,a comparative evaluation has been performed with Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I.Kompromisno Resenje methodology and sensitivity analysis has been made by considering 4 different cases.The main contribution is to identify appropriate crowdfunding-based funding alternatives for the improvement of the clean energy investments with a novel MCDM model.By considering the iteration technique and consensus-based analysis,the missing parts in the evaluations can be completed and opposite opinion problems can be reduced.Furthermore,with the help of hybrid MCDM model by combining DEMATEL and TOPSIS,more objective results can be reached.It is concluded that the analysis results are coherent and reliable.The findings indicate that the full launch is the most significant criterion for equity and debt-based crowdfunding alternatives.On the other side,the analysis has the highest weight for reward and donation-based alternatives whereas design is the most essential item regarding the royalty-based alternative.Additionally,it is also defined that equity-based crowdfunding alternative is the most significant for the service development process of clean energy investment projects.In this way,it will be possible to provide a continuous resource for clean energy investment projects.On the other hand,by providing financing with equity,there will be no fixed financing cost for clean energy investors.If these investors make a profit,they distribute dividends with the decision of their authorized bodies.展开更多
Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensedmatter.However,the onlyway to determine crystal structures of ma...Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensedmatter.However,the onlyway to determine crystal structures of materials above 100 GPa,namely,X-ray diffraction(XRD),especially for lowZ materials,remains nontrivial in the ultrahigh-pressure region,even with the availability of brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources.In thiswork,we performa systematic study,choosing hydrogen(the lowest X-ray scatterer)as the subject,to understand how to better perform XRD measurements of low Z materials at multimegabar pressures.The techniques that we have developed have been proved to be effective in measuring the crystal structure of solid hydrogen up to 254GPa at room temperature[C.Ji et al.,Nature 573,558–562(2019)].Wepresent our discoveries and experienceswith regard to several aspects of thiswork,namely,diamond anvil selection,sample configuration for ultrahigh-pressure XRDstudies,XRDdiagnostics for low Z materials,and related issues in data interpretation and pressure calibration.Webelieve that these methods can be readily extended to other low Z materials and can pave the way for studying the crystal structure of hydrogen at higher pressures,eventually testing structural models of metallic hydrogen.展开更多
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Institutes(2023GJZD01).
摘要Dear Editor,Male infertility comprises 50%of infertility cases globally,and one of the most severe forms is non-obstructive azoospermia(NOA),which affects approximately 10%–15%of infertile men.1 Genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of NOA.Recent research progress has increasingly elucidated the pathogenesis of NOA.Multiple studies,particularly those using whole-exome sequencing,have identified an increasing number of pathogenic genes,including meiosis specific with OB-fold(MEIOB),telomere repeat binding bouquet formation protein 1(TERB1),and ubiquitin-specific peptidase 26(USP26)2–4 associated with NOA.These findings have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the failure of spermatogenesis.However,the genetic etiology of NOA for a considerable number of patients remains to be identified.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFA1306301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC+3 种基金22174021 and 22434001)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(2023SHZDZX02)the Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine(GuangzhouIPM2021C005)。
摘要Glycosylation-omics has emerged as a prominent field for early detection and diagnosis by identifying alterations in glycosylation patterns linked to cancer.In the realm of clinical multi-glycosylation-omics applications,there is a critical need for robust,efficient,and cost-effective preprocessing methodologies capable of handling large sample cohorts.To bridge this gap,we introduce the GlycoPro platform,an innovative solution designed to overcome the limitations of existing analysis methods.Tailored for multi-glycosylation-omics sample preprocessing,GlycoPro refines existing workflows by seamlessly integrating steps including protein extraction,desalting,digestion,derivatization,and enrichment.The GlycoPro platform employs a 96-well plate format,enabling the efficient enrichment or desalting of up to 384 samples in a single day.This capability represents a significant increase in throughput,meeting the demands of large-scale clinical sample preprocessing for mass spectrometry analysis.The GlycoPro platform was used to successfully enrich serum N-glycans from breast cancer patients,revealing unique glycomic signatures that distinguish malignant from benign conditions.We have developed a robust Nglycan biomarker panel,demonstrating a sensitivity of 88.24%and a specificity of 78.95%in diagnostics.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2023YFA1606200 and 2023YFA1606203)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12090060,12090063,U23B2070,and 12175139)+8 种基金the Office of Science and TechnologyShanghai Municipal Government(Grant Nos.21TQ1400218,22JC1410100,23JC1410200,and ZJ2023-ZD-003)the Discipline Construction Fund of Shandong Universitythe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe sponsorship from the Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)Thomas and Linda Lau Family FoundationNew Cornerstone Science FoundationTencent Foundation in ChinaYangyang Development Fund。
摘要The landmark detection of neutrinos from SN1987A marked the dawn of neutrino astrophysics.The neutrino burst provided essential insights into fundamental properties of neutrinos and served as key probes of stellar evolution and supernova dynamics.The recent advancement in coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering enables the detection of core-collapse supernova burst neutrinos using tonne-scale liquid xenon detectors originally designed for dark matter direct detection.Leveraging this capability,we developed and deployed an online supernova monitoring system for the PandaX-4T experiment.This system features a GPS module with millisecond-level timing precision,a low false-alarm rate,and high sensitivity to galactic core-collapse supernova explosion events.The methodology is robust,directly scalable,and planned for implementation in the next-generation PandaX-20T experiment.
摘要Objectives Dysregulated osteoclast function contributes to skeletal diseases.However,the specific ubiquitination regulators of the osteoclastogenesis repressor MafB,particularly at the post-translational level,remain undefined.This study aims to identify ubiquitin-specific proteases(USPs)that deubiquitinate MafB and enhance its stability.Methods We constructed a MafB-conjugated luciferase and overexpressed 40 individual USPs,measuring changes in luciferase activity.The identified USP was overexpressed in human CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)to evaluate its effect.Osteoclast differentiation was assessed through osteoclast marker Integrin alpha-V(CD51)staining and Western blot analysis.Co-immunoprecipitation(co-IP)was performed to assess the interplay.The influence on MafB ubiquitination and degradation was evaluated via immunoprecipitation and Western blot.Finally,MafB was knocked down in the USP-overexpressing PBMCs to analyze its effect on osteoclast differentiation.Results Overexpression of ubiquitin-specific protease 29(USP29)significantly increased MafB expression by approximately 75%(p<0.0001).Elevated USP29 levels strongly inhibited osteoclastic differentiation in CD14+ PBMCs(p<0.0001).USP29 was found to interact with MafB,markedly reducing its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation in PBMCs(p<0.001).Knocking down MafB in USP29-overexpressing PBMCs alleviated the inhibitory effect of USP29 on osteoclastogenesis.Conclusion USP29 acts as a potent stabilizer of MafB,inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in human CD14+ PBMCs,at least in part,by enhancing MafB stability.These findings expand our understanding of USP29’s role and the post-translational regulation of MafB.Furthermore,USP29 serves as a vital factor that controls osteoclast differentiation,and its regulatory function is at least partially mediated by deubiquitinating and stabilizing MafB.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62571531Tianjin Natural Science Foundation Project under Grant 24JCZDJC01000Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 3122026GJ13.
摘要The air traffic management(ATM)system is one of the important national information infrastructures,and its information security is crucial.According to the requirements of the aviation cybersecurity strategy released by the international civil aviation organization(ICAO)in October 2019,it is necessary to achieve security situational awareness of ATM systems.This paper proposes an ATM multiple regression situation assessment model based on the sparrow search algorithm bidirectional long short-term memory(SSA-BiLSTM),considering the characteristics of wide area distribution and multi-source heterogeneous data in ATM systems.This model utilizes sparse autoencoder(SAE)to extract multivariate and time series features of ATM system data,and uses sparrow search algorithm(SSA)to optimize the hyperparameters of BiLSTM model,reducing the influence of subjective factors on security situation assessment results and solving the problem of subjective interference in existing situation assessment methods.This paper compares the SSA-BiLSTM model with other situational assessment methods.The mean absolute error(MAE)on the standard dataset is 0.0027,outperforming other methods and demonstrating advantages.In tests on the ATM dataset,due to its high nonlinearity,noise interference,and temporal dependencies,the model’s MAE reached 0.36744,which outperforms other approaches and meets the practical requirements of the ATM environment.
摘要The efficient utilization of photogenerated electrons and the effective activation of reactive molecules are among the major challenges in photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Defect engineering can enhance the catalyst's ability to adsorb and activate N2and H2O,while the ultrathin structure with maximized active crystal facets can maximize the enrichment of effective photogenerated electrons.This work employs a two-step synergistic method to fabricate ultrathin BiVO4with oxygen vacancies and bismuth vacancies(2D-VBi+O-BVO,thickness<20 nm)for photocatalytic nitrogen reduction.Scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and atomic force microscopy characterization confirm the transformation of BiVO4from bulk material(bulk-BVO,~1300 nm)to an ultrathin structure(~15 nm).TEM,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,electron paramagnetic resonance characterizations,and density functional theory(DFT)calculations verify the construction of oxygen and bismuth vacancies in the ultrathin BiVO4.Compared to bulk-BVO,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation efficiency of 2D-VBi+O-BVO is increased by 4.7 times,with the highest activity reaching 158.73μmol·g-1·h-1.N2-temperature programmed desorption and DFT calculations demonstrate that the oxygen and bismuth vacancies in BiVO4,respectively,promote the adsorption/activation of N2and H2O,which is crucial for the overall nitrogen reduction reaction.Photo-deposition experiments prove that the(040)plane is the active surface for electrons.And the ultrathin structure maximizes the(040)facet of BiVO4,which is conducive to the high enrichment of electrons.Meanwhile,more active sites can be exposed for the activation of N2and H2O.In situ infrared spectroscopy confirms that N2can be effectively adsorbed onto 2D-VBi+O-BVO,and the presence of NH2-NH2active species is consistent with the alternating reaction pathway.This study provides new insights into the development of green and efficient photocatalysts with dual vacancies and ultrathin structures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12125505).
摘要The PICOSEC Micromegas(MM)is a precise timing gaseous detector based on a Cherenkov radiator coupled with a semi-transparent photocathode and an MM amplifying structure.It features a two-stage amplification process that leads to a significant deterioration of non-uniformity when scaling up to larger areas.Since the performance of gaseous detectors is highly dependent on the choice of working gas,optimizing the gas mixture offers a promising solution to improve the uniformity performance.This paper addresses these challenges through a combined approach of simulation based on Garfield++and experimental studies.The simulation investigates the properties of different mixing fractions of gas mixtures and their impact on detector performance,including gain uniformity and time resolution.To verify the simulation results,experimental tests were conducted using a multi-channel PICOSEC MM prototype with different gas mixtures.The experimental results are consistent with the findings of the simulation,indicating that a higher concentration of neon significantly improves the detector’s gain uniformity.Furthermore,the influence of gas mixtures on time resolution was explored as a critical performance indicator.The study presented in this paper offers valuable insights for improving uniformity in large-area PICOSEC MM detectors and optimizing overall performance.
基金supported by Medical Science and Technology Research of Guangdong Province(NO.B2024033)Medical Science and Technology Research of Guangdong Province(NO.A2024352)+1 种基金National Demonstration Pilot Project for the Inheritance and Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Research Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine at Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(NO.YN2024B002)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(NO.2024M750668).
摘要The irregular porous structure,similar to human bone tissue,is more beneficial for bone ingrowth than the regular one.We proposed a new design method to create uniform and gradient irregular porous structures with porosities from 38 to 83%based on Voronoi tessellation.The models were fabricated using selective laser sintering,and micro-CT was used to assess their morphological features.Mechanical and fluid flow properties were evaluated through experiments and computational fluid dynamics simulations.Micro-CT scans confirmed that 3D printing can produce high-quality irregular structures.The Graded Irregular(GI)structure showed clear advantages in mechanical properties by reducing stress shielding and improving hydrodynamic performance with higher fluid flow velocity and lower permeability compared to the Uniform Irregular(UI)structure.Additionally,in vitro cell experiments indicated that the GI structure was better than the UI structure in promoting osteogenic differentiation,while in vivo animal studies showed that the GI structure was superior in terms of the ratio of Bone Volume to Total Volume(BV/TV)and Trabecular Number(Tb.N).Thus,the GI structure has greater application potential in bone tissue engineering.
基金supported by the Department of Education of Anhui Province of China(Nos.2023AH050754 and KJ2019A0470)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province of China(No.1608085MH227)+4 种基金the Anhui Provincial Quality Engineering Project for Education in the New Era-Research on the Reform of Graduate Education and Teaching(2023jyjxggyjY168)the Quality Engineering Project of the Anhui Provincial Department of Education in 2021(No.2021jyxm0824)the Research and Development Project Entrusted by the Enterprise:Research on Antioxidant Biological Activity of Quercetin(No.2022HZ049)the Quality Engineering Project of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine in 2021(No.2021zlgc042)the Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Annual Innovation Training Program for College Students(Nos.2017142,2017171).
摘要Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has a long history and is widely used to prevent and treat various diseases.With the development of modern technology,an increasing number of active ingredients—such as curcumin,berberine,and baicalin—have been identified and validated within TCM.Concurrently,the emergence of nanotechnology has led to the discovery of numerous nanomedicines based on the self-assembly of active ingredients from TCM.Polymer materials can enhance the bioavailability of these active compounds and reduce their toxic side effects.Moreover,compared to synthetic polymers,natural polymer materials offer advantages such as non-toxicity and high biosafety when used in drug delivery systems.However,natural polymers tend to be unstable and are easily influenced by environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,and pH,which complicates quality control.Additionally,the cost of obtaining natural polymer materials remains high.This article summarizes and analyzes 232 pieces of the research studies on self-assembled polymer materials via noncovalent interactions,including hydrogen bonding,π-πinteractions,hydrophobic interactions,and electrostatic interactions.The review primarily focuses on the active ingredients derived from TCM and provides a concise overview of future directions for polymer materials,including controlled drug delivery,targeted disease treatment,clinical translation,and green synthesis methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51106044 and 51176021)the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Henan Province of China(No.14A410007)
摘要To investigate the flame and overpressure characteristics of methane–air explosion with different obstacle configurations,an experimental study has been conducted,taking account of the number of obstacles,obstacle distance from ignition source,and stream-wise and cross-wise obstacle positions.The results show that the flame speed and peak overpressure increase with the increasing number of obstacles,while the time to reach the peak is not fully determined by it.And the configuration having the farthest obstacle produces a higher overpressure and takes a longer time to reach the peak,but a slower flame propagation speed is obtained.Similar explosion characteristics are also observed in the configurations with two obstacles fixed at different stream-wise positions.Furthermore,the experimental results demonstrate that the peak overpressures and flame speeds in configurations with central or staggered obstacles are relatively higher,which should to be avoided in practical processes to minimize the risk associated with methane–air explosion.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFE0122500)the UK BBSRC-Innovate UK–China Agritech Challenge Funded Project(RED-APPLE,BB/S020985/1)the project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2662022JGQD001).
摘要The research aimed to understand farmers’willingness to adopt(WTA)and willingness to pay(WTP)for precision pesticide technologies and analyzed the determinants of farmers’decision-making.We used a two-stage approach to consider farmers’WTA and WTP for precision pesticide technologies.A survey of 545 apple farmers was administered in Bohai Bay and the Loess Plateau in China.The data were analyzed using the double-hurdle model.The results indicated that 78.72%of respondents were willing to apply precision pesticide technologies provided by service organizations such as cooperatives and dedicated enterprises,and 69.72%were willing to buy the equipment for using precision pesticide technologies.The results of the determinant analysis indicated that farmers’perceived perceptions,farm scale,cooperative membership,access to digital information,and availability of financial services had significant and positive impacts on farmers’WTA precision pesticide technologies.Cooperative membership,technical training,and adherence to environmental regulations increased farmers’WTP for precision pesticide technologies.Moreover,nonlinear relationships between age,agricultural experience,and farmers’WTA and WTP for precision pesticide technology services were found.
基金This work is supported by the project of Sichuan county economic development research center of Sichuan provincial key research base of social sciences,"research on the coordination mechanism of county economic,ecological and social coupling development of giant panda national park"(xy2020034)the social science special research project of Sichuan agricultural university"research on innovation of modern urban agricultural development mode"(035/03571600).
摘要This study aims to evaluate the crowdfunding alternatives regarding new service development process pathways of clean energy investment projects.In this framework,a new model has been generated by considering the consensus-based group decisionmaking with incomplete preferences,Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS).Moreover,a comparative evaluation has been performed with Vise Kriterijumska Optimizacija I.Kompromisno Resenje methodology and sensitivity analysis has been made by considering 4 different cases.The main contribution is to identify appropriate crowdfunding-based funding alternatives for the improvement of the clean energy investments with a novel MCDM model.By considering the iteration technique and consensus-based analysis,the missing parts in the evaluations can be completed and opposite opinion problems can be reduced.Furthermore,with the help of hybrid MCDM model by combining DEMATEL and TOPSIS,more objective results can be reached.It is concluded that the analysis results are coherent and reliable.The findings indicate that the full launch is the most significant criterion for equity and debt-based crowdfunding alternatives.On the other side,the analysis has the highest weight for reward and donation-based alternatives whereas design is the most essential item regarding the royalty-based alternative.Additionally,it is also defined that equity-based crowdfunding alternative is the most significant for the service development process of clean energy investment projects.In this way,it will be possible to provide a continuous resource for clean energy investment projects.On the other hand,by providing financing with equity,there will be no fixed financing cost for clean energy investors.If these investors make a profit,they distribute dividends with the decision of their authorized bodies.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Award No.U1930401the Department of Energy(DOE),Office of Basic Energy Science,Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award No.DE-FG02-99ER45775
摘要Diamond anvil cell techniques have been improved to allow access to the multimegabar ultrahigh-pressure region for exploring novel phenomena in condensedmatter.However,the onlyway to determine crystal structures of materials above 100 GPa,namely,X-ray diffraction(XRD),especially for lowZ materials,remains nontrivial in the ultrahigh-pressure region,even with the availability of brilliant synchrotron X-ray sources.In thiswork,we performa systematic study,choosing hydrogen(the lowest X-ray scatterer)as the subject,to understand how to better perform XRD measurements of low Z materials at multimegabar pressures.The techniques that we have developed have been proved to be effective in measuring the crystal structure of solid hydrogen up to 254GPa at room temperature[C.Ji et al.,Nature 573,558–562(2019)].Wepresent our discoveries and experienceswith regard to several aspects of thiswork,namely,diamond anvil selection,sample configuration for ultrahigh-pressure XRDstudies,XRDdiagnostics for low Z materials,and related issues in data interpretation and pressure calibration.Webelieve that these methods can be readily extended to other low Z materials and can pave the way for studying the crystal structure of hydrogen at higher pressures,eventually testing structural models of metallic hydrogen.