Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has become a promising method for tumor treatment due to its non-invasive and high spatiotemporal selectivity.However,PDT is still hindered by reactive oxygen species deficiency,because solid ...Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has become a promising method for tumor treatment due to its non-invasive and high spatiotemporal selectivity.However,PDT is still hindered by reactive oxygen species deficiency,because solid tumors feature a hypoxic microenvironment.PDT combined with hypoxia-activated chemotherapy drugs can effectively induce tumor death,overcoming the limitations of the sole PDT for the fight against hypoxia.Herein,we designed a nanosystem(PCe6AZOM)that enhances the release of hypoxia-activated drugs(AZOM)by PDT.Under hypoxic conditions,the azo bond of AZOM is cleaved by azo reductase,releasing highly cytotoxic AZOM and resulting in a significant increase in intratumor drug concentration.Meanwhile,the commercial photosensitizer Ce6 can aggravate the oxygen-poor state during the PDT process and further cause more AZOM release.Moreover,the cascade reactions in the nanosystem could activate singlet oxygen and enhance drug release through 660 nm light laser irradiation,contributing to more effective induction of tumor apoptosis and tumor growth retardation in vitro and in vivo.展开更多
BACKGROUND Thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG;the gene product of SERPINA7)is the main transporter of thyroid hormones in humans.Mutations in the TBG gene may lead to inherited TBG deficiency.There have been 28 reported m...BACKGROUND Thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG;the gene product of SERPINA7)is the main transporter of thyroid hormones in humans.Mutations in the TBG gene may lead to inherited TBG deficiency.There have been 28 reported mutations that associate with complete TBG deficiency(TBG-CD).Here we identified a novel frameshift mutation causing early termination of the TBG protein and TBG-CD in a Chinese family.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old Chinese man was referred to our hospital with normal free thyroxine,free triiodothyronine,thyrotropin,but lower total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine,and undetectable serum TBG,indicative of TBG-CD.Blood samples were obtained from the patient’s family members and thyroid function and serum TBG were evaluated.Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was sequenced to detect possible TBG mutation(s).Quantitative PCR high-resolution melting curve analysis was used to screen TBG-Poly(L283F)among 117 Chinese men.A novel mutation of TBG(p.Phe135Alafs*21),a 19-nucleotide insertion in exon 1,was identified,which resulted in a truncated TBG protein product and caused TBG-CD.The other mutation,identified in the proband’s father,is a known polymorphism,TBG-Poly(L283F).The frequency of the TBG-Poly allele among 117 unrelated Han Chinese men from northeast China was 21.37%.CONCLUSION A novel mutation in the TBG gene associated with the TBG-CD phenotype was identified in a Chinese family.Additionally,it was found that 21.37%of Chinese males had TBG-Poly(L283F).展开更多
BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancy(EP)is rarely associated with congenital Müllerian anomalies,such as unicornuate uterus and undescended fallopian tube pregnancy.When EP occurs in extra-pelvic locations like the subhe...BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancy(EP)is rarely associated with congenital Müllerian anomalies,such as unicornuate uterus and undescended fallopian tube pregnancy.When EP occurs in extra-pelvic locations like the subhepatic space,diagnosis is often challenging,particularly when initial pelvic imaging is inconclusive.CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of a 28-year-old woman presenting with subhepatic EP.Symptoms included amenorrhea,intermittent right upper abdominal pain,and elevated serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG)level(4087.42 mIU/mL).Transvaginal ultrasound was non-diagnostic,failing to locate the gestational sac or right adnexa.Crucially,large-field-of-view(LFOV)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)localized the ectopic sac between the inferior hepatic edge and right iliac fossa.Laparoscopy confirmed tubal EP within an undescended right fallopian tube,along with a left unicornuate uterus and contralateral rudimentary horn.CONCLUSION This case underscores the critical diagnostic utility of LFOV MRI in accurately pinpointing extra-pelvic EP when pelvic ultrasound is negative andβ-hCG is high,particularly essential in complex cases involving congenital Müllerian anomalies,thereby facilitating timely,life-saving intervention.展开更多
Loss-of-function variants of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5)can lead to reduced bone formation,culminating in diminished bone mass.Our previous study reported transcription factor osterix(SP7)...Loss-of-function variants of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5)can lead to reduced bone formation,culminating in diminished bone mass.Our previous study reported transcription factor osterix(SP7)-binding sites on the LRP5 promoter and its pivotal role in upregulating LRP5 expression during implant osseointegration.However,the potential role of SP7 in ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis remained unknown.In this study,we used mice with a conditional knockout(c KO)of LRP5 in mature osteoblasts,which presented decreased osteogenesis.The in vitro experimental results showed that SP7 could promote LRP5 expression,thereby upregulating the osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase(ALP),Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2),andβ-catenin(P<0.05).For the in vivo experiment,the SP7 overexpression virus was injected into a bone defect model of LRP5 c KO mice,resulting in increased bone mineral density(BMD)(P<0.001)and volumetric density(bone volume(BV)otal volume(TV))(P<0.001),and decreased trabecular separation(Tb.Sp)(P<0.05).These data suggested that SP7 could ameliorate bone defect healing in LRP5 c KO mice.Our study provides new insights into potential therapeutic opportunities for ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus remains a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,with genetic polymorphisms and mutations influencing immune responses and disease progression.Nguyen et al present novel findings on sp...Hepatitis B virus remains a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,with genetic polymorphisms and mutations influencing immune responses and disease progression.Nguyen et al present novel findings on specific human leukocyte antigen(HLA)alleles,including rs2856718 of HLA-DQ and rs3077 and rs9277535 of HLA-DP,which may predispose individuals to cirrhosis and liver cancer,based on multi-clustering analysis.Here,we discuss the feasibility of this approach and identify key areas for further investigation,aiming to offer insights for advancing clinical practice and research in liver disease and related cancers.展开更多
Photorespiration is essential for maintaining plant photosynthesis and growth under aerobic conditions.While environmental factors like light–dark transitions and high light modulate this pathway,the underlying molec...Photorespiration is essential for maintaining plant photosynthesis and growth under aerobic conditions.While environmental factors like light–dark transitions and high light modulate this pathway,the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we report that the activity of phosphoglycolate phosphatase(PGLP),the first enzyme in the photorespiratory pathway,is redox-regulated in response to environmental light conditions.Specifically,Arabidopsis PGLP enzymatic activity enhanced under reducing conditions and light,but suppressed under oxidative conditions and darkness.Light–dark transitions dynamically alter the oligomeric state of PGLP1,as darkness promotes oligomer assembly,while light triggers disassembly,a process critically dependent on cysteine 320(Cys320)of PGLP1.Thioredoxin(Trx)f directly interacts with PGLP1,modulating both;its light-dependent oligomeric state and enzymatic activity.Complementation of the Arabidopsis pglp1-2 mutant with wild-type PGLP1 or the Cys320 mutant(C320S)revealed that C320S-complemented lines show greater tolerance to high-light and fluctuating light conditions.Collectively,our study identifies a redox-dependent post-translational modification mechanism that fine-tunes PGLP activity,thereby optimizing photorespiratory metabolism to enhance plant photosynthetic efficiency and environmental adaptability.展开更多
Although mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)is widely recognized as a critical effector in the necroptotic signaling pathway,MLKL plays broader regulatory roles beyond programmed necroptosis.Notably,Xuan Yu...Although mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)is widely recognized as a critical effector in the necroptotic signaling pathway,MLKL plays broader regulatory roles beyond programmed necroptosis.Notably,Xuan Yuan et al demonstrated that CPD4,an ATP-binding pocket inhibitor of MLKL,significantly reduces liver inflammation and improves liver function by inhibiting NF-κB signaling,suggesting its use as a potential therapeutic candidate for alcoholic liver disease.However,the pharmacokinetic properties and long-term toxicity of CPD4 require further evaluation.Moreover,a single therapeutic strategy targeting MLKL may not be sufficient.Future studies should focus on the precise regulation of MLKL and develop combination therapies to achieve dual intervention of inflammatory and cell death pathways.This paper provides an important theoretical foundation for translational research on MLKL-targeted therapy.However,its clinical translation requires overcoming existing limitations and further elucidating the regulatory network of MLKL in complex microenvironments.展开更多
Previous studies have shown that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide,the main active component of Lycium barbarum,exhibits antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in treating neurological diseases.However,the therapeutic ...Previous studies have shown that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide,the main active component of Lycium barbarum,exhibits antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in treating neurological diseases.However,the therapeutic action of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on depression has not been studied.In this investigation,we established mouse models of depression using aversive stimuli including exposure to fox urine,air puff and foot shock and physical restraint.Concurrently,we administered 5 mg/kg per day Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-glycoprotein to each mouse intragastrically for the 28 days.Our results showed that long-term exposure to aversive stimuli significantly enhanced depressive-like behavior evaluated by the sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test and increased anxietylike behaviors evaluated using the open field test.In addition,aversive stimuli-induced depressed mice exhibited aberrant neuronal activity in the lateral habenula.Importantly,concurrent Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-glycoprotein treatment significantly reduced these changes.These findings suggest that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-glycoprotein is a potential preventative intervention for depression and may act by preventing aberrant neuronal activity and microglial activation in the lateral habenula.The study was approved by the Jinan University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.20170301003)on March 1,2017.展开更多
Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dynamic resistance exercise to generate skeletal muscle-derived follistatin like-1(FSTL1),which may induce cardioprotection in rats following myocardia...Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dynamic resistance exercise to generate skeletal muscle-derived follistatin like-1(FSTL1),which may induce cardioprotection in rats following myocardial infarction(MI)by inducing angiogenesis.Methods:Male,adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=12 in each group):sham group(S),sedentary MI group(MI),MI+resistance exercise group(MR),MI+adeno-associated virus(AAV)-FSTL1 injection group(MA),and MI+AAV-FSTL1 injection+resistance exercise group(MAR).The AAV-FSTL1 vector was prepared by molecular biology methods and injected into the anterior tibialis muscle.The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.Rats in the MR and MAR groups underwent 4 weeks of dynamic resistance exercise training using a weighted climbing-up ladder.Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures.Collagen volume fraction of myocardium was observed and analyzed by Masson’s staining.Human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells culture and recombinant human FSTL1 protein or transforming growth factor-b receptor 1(TGFbR1)inhibitor treatment were used to elucidate the molecular signaling mechanism of FSTL1.Angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and disco interacting protein 2 homolog A(DIP2A)location were observed by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of FSTL1,DIP2A,and the activation of signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting.Angiogenesis of endothelial cells was observed by tubule experiment.One-way analysis of variance and Student’s t test were used for statistical analysis.Results:Resistance exercise stimulated the secretion of skeletal muscle FSTL1,which promoted myocardial angiogenesis,inhibited pathological remodeling,and protected cardiac function in MI rats.Exercise facilitated skeletal muscle FSTL1 to play a role in protecting the heart.Exogenous FSTL1 promoted the human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells proliferation and up-regulated the expression of DIP2A,while TGFbR1 inhibitor intervention down-regulated the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A,which was not conducive to angiogenesis.FSTL1 bound to the receptor,DIP2A,to regulate angiogenesis mainly through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway.FSTL1-DIP2A directly activated Smad2/3 and was not affected by TGFbR1.Conclusion:Dynamic resistance exercise stimulates the expression of skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1,which could supplement the insufficiency of cardiac FSTL1 and promote cardiac rehabilitation through the DIP2A-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in MI rats.展开更多
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)mainly caused pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis through upper respiratory tract infection,which resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and multio...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)mainly caused pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis through upper respiratory tract infection,which resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and multiorgan damage of cardiovascular,nervous,digestive,and genitourinary systems.Although the virus test turned negative after the patient recovered,the damage to multiorgan caused by SARS-CoV-2 may irreversible.Therefore,the health status of the recovered patients has gradually become the focus of people's attention.Whether coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients can receive exercise rehabilitation training after discharge?and what's the basis?We try to analyze and answer these questions,will provide some ideas about the patients to develop a reasonable and effective exercise rehabilitation program.展开更多
The prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly throughout the world in recent years.Currently,approximately 463 million people are living with diabetes,and the number has tripled over the last two decades.Here,we de...The prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly throughout the world in recent years.Currently,approximately 463 million people are living with diabetes,and the number has tripled over the last two decades.Here,we describe the global epidemiology of diabetes in 2019 and forecast the trends to 2030 and 2045 in China,India,USA,and the globally.The gut microbiota plays a major role in metabolic diseases,especially diabetes.In this review,we describe the interaction between diabetes and gut microbiota in three aspects:probiotics,antidiabetic medication,and diet.Recent findings indicate that probiotics,antidiabetic medications,or dietary interventions treat diabetes by shifting the gut microbiome,particularly by raising beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful bacteria.We conclude that targeting the gut microbiota is becoming a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes.展开更多
Discovery of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated(CRISPR/Cas)system and its repurposing into a powerful genome editing tool has revolutionized genome engineering and generate...Discovery of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated(CRISPR/Cas)system and its repurposing into a powerful genome editing tool has revolutionized genome engineering and generated excitement for innovative breeding technology.CRISPR/Cas can perform genetic operations such as targeted insertion,deletion and replacement of genes in plants by its simple two-component system comprising a Cas protein and a guide RNA.Here,we focus on the recent advances in CRISPR/Cas technologies that are available for genome editing,among which Cas9,Cas12,and Cas13 systems are widely used in the areas of botany and agriculture.We also describe the new high-precision genome editing tools,base editors and prime editors that are derived from the Cas9 system and beyond for altering the genome in living cells,without generating double-stranded breaks in DNA or requiring a donor.In addition,we summarize the differences between the different CRISPR/Cas systems and their broad applications in plants.We also discuss the challenges facing the use of CRISPR/Cas technologies and the future directions of CRISPR/Cas systems in plant genome editing.展开更多
Fasudil has the potential to prevent liver fibrosis by activating natural killer cells and inhibiting the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.Fasudil may be a promising clinical therapeutic drug for the prevention...Fasudil has the potential to prevent liver fibrosis by activating natural killer cells and inhibiting the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.Fasudil may be a promising clinical therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.展开更多
Low-power and low-variability artificial neuronal devices are highly desired for high-performance neuromorphic computing.In this paper,an oscillation neuron based on a low-variability Ag nanodots(NDs)threshold switchi...Low-power and low-variability artificial neuronal devices are highly desired for high-performance neuromorphic computing.In this paper,an oscillation neuron based on a low-variability Ag nanodots(NDs)threshold switching(TS)device with low operation voltage,large on/off ratio and high uniformity is presented.Measurement results indicate that this neuron demonstrates self-oscillation behavior under applied voltages as low as 1 V.The oscillation frequency increases with the applied voltage pulse amplitude and decreases with the load resistance.It can then be used to evaluate the resistive random-access memory(RRAM)synaptic weights accurately when the oscillation neuron is connected to the output of the RRAM crossbar array for neuromorphic computing.Meanwhile,simulation results show that a large RRAM crossbar array(>128×128)can be supported by our oscillation neuron owing to the high on/off ratio(>108)of Ag NDs TS device.Moreover,the high uniformity of the Ag NDs TS device helps improve the distribution of the output frequency and suppress the degradation of neural network recognition accuracy(<1%).Therefore,the developed oscillation neuron based on the Ag NDs TS device shows great potential for future neuromorphic computing applications.展开更多
Objective: The objective is to explore the mechanism of inhibitory effect of three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on inflammatory response of A549 cells. Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 c...Objective: The objective is to explore the mechanism of inhibitory effect of three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on inflammatory response of A549 cells. Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cells) were cultured, and were divided into normal control group (NC group), A. baumannii infection group (A. baumannii group), NF-κB inhibitor group (JSH group), A. baumannii infection + sodium acetate group (NaAc group), A. baumannii infection + sodium propionate group (NaPc group) and A. baumannii infection + sodium butyrate group (NaB group). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β in A549 cells. Western blotting assay was used to determine the expression of autophagy and “pyroptosis” related proteins of NRLP3, cleaved-Caspase-1 (P20), GSDMD (P30), LC-3 and Beclin-1. At the same time, the expression of NF-κB p65 protein in nucleus and cytoplasm of A549 cells was detected. The level of reactive oxygen species in A549 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with A. baumannii group, the mRNA expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-6 in NaAc group, NaPc group and NaB group decreased significantly, the mRNA expression of Caspase-1 in NaPc group and NaB group decreased significantly, only the mRNA expression of TGF-β in NaB group increased significantly;LC3-II expression increased significantly in NaPc group and NaB group, only Beclin-1 expression increased and GSDMD (p30) expression decreased significantly in NaB group. All three kinds of SCFAs could significantly inhibit the expression of cleaved-Caspase-1 (p20) after A. baumannii infection, but there was no significant change in the protein expression of NLRP3. Compared with NC group, the production of reactive oxygen species in A. baumannii group increased significantly at 3 h after A. baumannii infection. Compared with A. baumannii group, NaB could significantly suppress the production of reactive oxygen species induced by A. baumannii. Compared with A. baumannii group, the expression of NF-κB p65 in nucleus was significantly decreased and the expression of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm was significantly increased after 24 h pre-incubation with NaB, NaPc and NaAc, respectively. Conclusion: A. baumannii can induce inflammatory injury of pulmonary epithelial cells, and the three major SCFAs can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of pro-inflammatory factors through NF-κB/ROS/NLRP3 pathway, which provides a new way for clinical prevention of severe inflammatory injury caused by A. baumannii infection.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(22078046)Fundamental Research Fundamental Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB601)+1 种基金Liaoning Binhai Laboratory(LBLB-2023-03)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M740487).
摘要Photodynamic therapy(PDT)has become a promising method for tumor treatment due to its non-invasive and high spatiotemporal selectivity.However,PDT is still hindered by reactive oxygen species deficiency,because solid tumors feature a hypoxic microenvironment.PDT combined with hypoxia-activated chemotherapy drugs can effectively induce tumor death,overcoming the limitations of the sole PDT for the fight against hypoxia.Herein,we designed a nanosystem(PCe6AZOM)that enhances the release of hypoxia-activated drugs(AZOM)by PDT.Under hypoxic conditions,the azo bond of AZOM is cleaved by azo reductase,releasing highly cytotoxic AZOM and resulting in a significant increase in intratumor drug concentration.Meanwhile,the commercial photosensitizer Ce6 can aggravate the oxygen-poor state during the PDT process and further cause more AZOM release.Moreover,the cascade reactions in the nanosystem could activate singlet oxygen and enhance drug release through 660 nm light laser irradiation,contributing to more effective induction of tumor apoptosis and tumor growth retardation in vitro and in vivo.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81570711National Clinical Key College Fund and the Key Platform Foundation of Science and Technology for the Universities in Liaoning Province,No.16010
摘要BACKGROUND Thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG;the gene product of SERPINA7)is the main transporter of thyroid hormones in humans.Mutations in the TBG gene may lead to inherited TBG deficiency.There have been 28 reported mutations that associate with complete TBG deficiency(TBG-CD).Here we identified a novel frameshift mutation causing early termination of the TBG protein and TBG-CD in a Chinese family.CASE SUMMARY A 46-year-old Chinese man was referred to our hospital with normal free thyroxine,free triiodothyronine,thyrotropin,but lower total thyroxine and total triiodothyronine,and undetectable serum TBG,indicative of TBG-CD.Blood samples were obtained from the patient’s family members and thyroid function and serum TBG were evaluated.Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was sequenced to detect possible TBG mutation(s).Quantitative PCR high-resolution melting curve analysis was used to screen TBG-Poly(L283F)among 117 Chinese men.A novel mutation of TBG(p.Phe135Alafs*21),a 19-nucleotide insertion in exon 1,was identified,which resulted in a truncated TBG protein product and caused TBG-CD.The other mutation,identified in the proband’s father,is a known polymorphism,TBG-Poly(L283F).The frequency of the TBG-Poly allele among 117 unrelated Han Chinese men from northeast China was 21.37%.CONCLUSION A novel mutation in the TBG gene associated with the TBG-CD phenotype was identified in a Chinese family.Additionally,it was found that 21.37%of Chinese males had TBG-Poly(L283F).
摘要BACKGROUND Ectopic pregnancy(EP)is rarely associated with congenital Müllerian anomalies,such as unicornuate uterus and undescended fallopian tube pregnancy.When EP occurs in extra-pelvic locations like the subhepatic space,diagnosis is often challenging,particularly when initial pelvic imaging is inconclusive.CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of a 28-year-old woman presenting with subhepatic EP.Symptoms included amenorrhea,intermittent right upper abdominal pain,and elevated serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG)level(4087.42 mIU/mL).Transvaginal ultrasound was non-diagnostic,failing to locate the gestational sac or right adnexa.Crucially,large-field-of-view(LFOV)magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)localized the ectopic sac between the inferior hepatic edge and right iliac fossa.Laparoscopy confirmed tubal EP within an undescended right fallopian tube,along with a left unicornuate uterus and contralateral rudimentary horn.CONCLUSION This case underscores the critical diagnostic utility of LFOV MRI in accurately pinpointing extra-pelvic EP when pelvic ultrasound is negative andβ-hCG is high,particularly essential in complex cases involving congenital Müllerian anomalies,thereby facilitating timely,life-saving intervention.
摘要Loss-of-function variants of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5(LRP5)can lead to reduced bone formation,culminating in diminished bone mass.Our previous study reported transcription factor osterix(SP7)-binding sites on the LRP5 promoter and its pivotal role in upregulating LRP5 expression during implant osseointegration.However,the potential role of SP7 in ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis remained unknown.In this study,we used mice with a conditional knockout(c KO)of LRP5 in mature osteoblasts,which presented decreased osteogenesis.The in vitro experimental results showed that SP7 could promote LRP5 expression,thereby upregulating the osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase(ALP),Runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx2),andβ-catenin(P<0.05).For the in vivo experiment,the SP7 overexpression virus was injected into a bone defect model of LRP5 c KO mice,resulting in increased bone mineral density(BMD)(P<0.001)and volumetric density(bone volume(BV)otal volume(TV))(P<0.001),and decreased trabecular separation(Tb.Sp)(P<0.05).These data suggested that SP7 could ameliorate bone defect healing in LRP5 c KO mice.Our study provides new insights into potential therapeutic opportunities for ameliorating LRP5-dependent osteoporosis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32270768,No.82273970,No.32070726,and No.82370715National Key R&D Program of China,No.2023YFC2507904the Innovation Group Project of Hubei Province,No.2023AFA026.
摘要Hepatitis B virus remains a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,with genetic polymorphisms and mutations influencing immune responses and disease progression.Nguyen et al present novel findings on specific human leukocyte antigen(HLA)alleles,including rs2856718 of HLA-DQ and rs3077 and rs9277535 of HLA-DP,which may predispose individuals to cirrhosis and liver cancer,based on multi-clustering analysis.Here,we discuss the feasibility of this approach and identify key areas for further investigation,aiming to offer insights for advancing clinical practice and research in liver disease and related cancers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270252)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04080)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515011085)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750954).
摘要Photorespiration is essential for maintaining plant photosynthesis and growth under aerobic conditions.While environmental factors like light–dark transitions and high light modulate this pathway,the underlying molecular regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.Here,we report that the activity of phosphoglycolate phosphatase(PGLP),the first enzyme in the photorespiratory pathway,is redox-regulated in response to environmental light conditions.Specifically,Arabidopsis PGLP enzymatic activity enhanced under reducing conditions and light,but suppressed under oxidative conditions and darkness.Light–dark transitions dynamically alter the oligomeric state of PGLP1,as darkness promotes oligomer assembly,while light triggers disassembly,a process critically dependent on cysteine 320(Cys320)of PGLP1.Thioredoxin(Trx)f directly interacts with PGLP1,modulating both;its light-dependent oligomeric state and enzymatic activity.Complementation of the Arabidopsis pglp1-2 mutant with wild-type PGLP1 or the Cys320 mutant(C320S)revealed that C320S-complemented lines show greater tolerance to high-light and fluctuating light conditions.Collectively,our study identifies a redox-dependent post-translational modification mechanism that fine-tunes PGLP activity,thereby optimizing photorespiratory metabolism to enhance plant photosynthetic efficiency and environmental adaptability.
摘要Although mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein(MLKL)is widely recognized as a critical effector in the necroptotic signaling pathway,MLKL plays broader regulatory roles beyond programmed necroptosis.Notably,Xuan Yuan et al demonstrated that CPD4,an ATP-binding pocket inhibitor of MLKL,significantly reduces liver inflammation and improves liver function by inhibiting NF-κB signaling,suggesting its use as a potential therapeutic candidate for alcoholic liver disease.However,the pharmacokinetic properties and long-term toxicity of CPD4 require further evaluation.Moreover,a single therapeutic strategy targeting MLKL may not be sufficient.Future studies should focus on the precise regulation of MLKL and develop combination therapies to achieve dual intervention of inflammatory and cell death pathways.This paper provides an important theoretical foundation for translational research on MLKL-targeted therapy.However,its clinical translation requires overcoming existing limitations and further elucidating the regulatory network of MLKL in complex microenvironments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.31900825(to SL),31922030(to CRR),31771170(to CRR)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province of China,No.2018B030334001(to CRR)+3 种基金Science and Techology of Guangzhou of China,No.202007030012(to CRR)Guangdong Special Support Program of China,No.2017TQ04R173(to CRR)Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou Province of China,No.201806010198(to CRR)Outstanding Scholar Program of Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory of China,No.2018GZR110102002(to KFS)。
摘要Previous studies have shown that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide,the main active component of Lycium barbarum,exhibits antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in treating neurological diseases.However,the therapeutic action of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on depression has not been studied.In this investigation,we established mouse models of depression using aversive stimuli including exposure to fox urine,air puff and foot shock and physical restraint.Concurrently,we administered 5 mg/kg per day Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-glycoprotein to each mouse intragastrically for the 28 days.Our results showed that long-term exposure to aversive stimuli significantly enhanced depressive-like behavior evaluated by the sucrose preference test and the forced swimming test and increased anxietylike behaviors evaluated using the open field test.In addition,aversive stimuli-induced depressed mice exhibited aberrant neuronal activity in the lateral habenula.Importantly,concurrent Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-glycoprotein treatment significantly reduced these changes.These findings suggest that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-glycoprotein is a potential preventative intervention for depression and may act by preventing aberrant neuronal activity and microglial activation in the lateral habenula.The study was approved by the Jinan University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(approval No.20170301003)on March 1,2017.
基金supported this research:The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31671240 to ZT,No.31900828 to YX).
摘要Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dynamic resistance exercise to generate skeletal muscle-derived follistatin like-1(FSTL1),which may induce cardioprotection in rats following myocardial infarction(MI)by inducing angiogenesis.Methods:Male,adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups(n=12 in each group):sham group(S),sedentary MI group(MI),MI+resistance exercise group(MR),MI+adeno-associated virus(AAV)-FSTL1 injection group(MA),and MI+AAV-FSTL1 injection+resistance exercise group(MAR).The AAV-FSTL1 vector was prepared by molecular biology methods and injected into the anterior tibialis muscle.The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.Rats in the MR and MAR groups underwent 4 weeks of dynamic resistance exercise training using a weighted climbing-up ladder.Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures.Collagen volume fraction of myocardium was observed and analyzed by Masson’s staining.Human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells culture and recombinant human FSTL1 protein or transforming growth factor-b receptor 1(TGFbR1)inhibitor treatment were used to elucidate the molecular signaling mechanism of FSTL1.Angiogenesis,cell proliferation,and disco interacting protein 2 homolog A(DIP2A)location were observed by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of FSTL1,DIP2A,and the activation of signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting.Angiogenesis of endothelial cells was observed by tubule experiment.One-way analysis of variance and Student’s t test were used for statistical analysis.Results:Resistance exercise stimulated the secretion of skeletal muscle FSTL1,which promoted myocardial angiogenesis,inhibited pathological remodeling,and protected cardiac function in MI rats.Exercise facilitated skeletal muscle FSTL1 to play a role in protecting the heart.Exogenous FSTL1 promoted the human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells proliferation and up-regulated the expression of DIP2A,while TGFbR1 inhibitor intervention down-regulated the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A,which was not conducive to angiogenesis.FSTL1 bound to the receptor,DIP2A,to regulate angiogenesis mainly through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway.FSTL1-DIP2A directly activated Smad2/3 and was not affected by TGFbR1.Conclusion:Dynamic resistance exercise stimulates the expression of skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1,which could supplement the insufficiency of cardiac FSTL1 and promote cardiac rehabilitation through the DIP2A-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in MI rats.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China grants(GK261002065 to ZT).
摘要Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)mainly caused pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis through upper respiratory tract infection,which resulted in acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and multiorgan damage of cardiovascular,nervous,digestive,and genitourinary systems.Although the virus test turned negative after the patient recovered,the damage to multiorgan caused by SARS-CoV-2 may irreversible.Therefore,the health status of the recovered patients has gradually become the focus of people's attention.Whether coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients can receive exercise rehabilitation training after discharge?and what's the basis?We try to analyze and answer these questions,will provide some ideas about the patients to develop a reasonable and effective exercise rehabilitation program.
基金Supported by Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology,Ministry of Education,No.201705.
摘要The prevalence of diabetes has increased rapidly throughout the world in recent years.Currently,approximately 463 million people are living with diabetes,and the number has tripled over the last two decades.Here,we describe the global epidemiology of diabetes in 2019 and forecast the trends to 2030 and 2045 in China,India,USA,and the globally.The gut microbiota plays a major role in metabolic diseases,especially diabetes.In this review,we describe the interaction between diabetes and gut microbiota in three aspects:probiotics,antidiabetic medication,and diet.Recent findings indicate that probiotics,antidiabetic medications,or dietary interventions treat diabetes by shifting the gut microbiome,particularly by raising beneficial bacteria and reducing harmful bacteria.We conclude that targeting the gut microbiota is becoming a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetes.
摘要Discovery of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated(CRISPR/Cas)system and its repurposing into a powerful genome editing tool has revolutionized genome engineering and generated excitement for innovative breeding technology.CRISPR/Cas can perform genetic operations such as targeted insertion,deletion and replacement of genes in plants by its simple two-component system comprising a Cas protein and a guide RNA.Here,we focus on the recent advances in CRISPR/Cas technologies that are available for genome editing,among which Cas9,Cas12,and Cas13 systems are widely used in the areas of botany and agriculture.We also describe the new high-precision genome editing tools,base editors and prime editors that are derived from the Cas9 system and beyond for altering the genome in living cells,without generating double-stranded breaks in DNA or requiring a donor.In addition,we summarize the differences between the different CRISPR/Cas systems and their broad applications in plants.We also discuss the challenges facing the use of CRISPR/Cas technologies and the future directions of CRISPR/Cas systems in plant genome editing.
摘要Fasudil has the potential to prevent liver fibrosis by activating natural killer cells and inhibiting the proliferation of hepatic stellate cells.Fasudil may be a promising clinical therapeutic drug for the prevention and treatment of liver fibrosis.
基金supported in part by China Key Research and Development Program(2016YFA0201800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91964104,61974081)。
摘要Low-power and low-variability artificial neuronal devices are highly desired for high-performance neuromorphic computing.In this paper,an oscillation neuron based on a low-variability Ag nanodots(NDs)threshold switching(TS)device with low operation voltage,large on/off ratio and high uniformity is presented.Measurement results indicate that this neuron demonstrates self-oscillation behavior under applied voltages as low as 1 V.The oscillation frequency increases with the applied voltage pulse amplitude and decreases with the load resistance.It can then be used to evaluate the resistive random-access memory(RRAM)synaptic weights accurately when the oscillation neuron is connected to the output of the RRAM crossbar array for neuromorphic computing.Meanwhile,simulation results show that a large RRAM crossbar array(>128×128)can be supported by our oscillation neuron owing to the high on/off ratio(>108)of Ag NDs TS device.Moreover,the high uniformity of the Ag NDs TS device helps improve the distribution of the output frequency and suppress the degradation of neural network recognition accuracy(<1%).Therefore,the developed oscillation neuron based on the Ag NDs TS device shows great potential for future neuromorphic computing applications.
摘要Objective: The objective is to explore the mechanism of inhibitory effect of three main SCFAs (acetate, propionate and butyrate) on inflammatory response of A549 cells. Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 cells) were cultured, and were divided into normal control group (NC group), A. baumannii infection group (A. baumannii group), NF-κB inhibitor group (JSH group), A. baumannii infection + sodium acetate group (NaAc group), A. baumannii infection + sodium propionate group (NaPc group) and A. baumannii infection + sodium butyrate group (NaB group). Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TGF-β in A549 cells. Western blotting assay was used to determine the expression of autophagy and “pyroptosis” related proteins of NRLP3, cleaved-Caspase-1 (P20), GSDMD (P30), LC-3 and Beclin-1. At the same time, the expression of NF-κB p65 protein in nucleus and cytoplasm of A549 cells was detected. The level of reactive oxygen species in A549 cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results: Compared with A. baumannii group, the mRNA expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-6 in NaAc group, NaPc group and NaB group decreased significantly, the mRNA expression of Caspase-1 in NaPc group and NaB group decreased significantly, only the mRNA expression of TGF-β in NaB group increased significantly;LC3-II expression increased significantly in NaPc group and NaB group, only Beclin-1 expression increased and GSDMD (p30) expression decreased significantly in NaB group. All three kinds of SCFAs could significantly inhibit the expression of cleaved-Caspase-1 (p20) after A. baumannii infection, but there was no significant change in the protein expression of NLRP3. Compared with NC group, the production of reactive oxygen species in A. baumannii group increased significantly at 3 h after A. baumannii infection. Compared with A. baumannii group, NaB could significantly suppress the production of reactive oxygen species induced by A. baumannii. Compared with A. baumannii group, the expression of NF-κB p65 in nucleus was significantly decreased and the expression of NF-κB p65 in cytoplasm was significantly increased after 24 h pre-incubation with NaB, NaPc and NaAc, respectively. Conclusion: A. baumannii can induce inflammatory injury of pulmonary epithelial cells, and the three major SCFAs can inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the release of pro-inflammatory factors through NF-κB/ROS/NLRP3 pathway, which provides a new way for clinical prevention of severe inflammatory injury caused by A. baumannii infection.