Ketosis,a common metabolic disease during early lactation,is associated with high circulating levels ofβ-hydroxybutyrate(BHB).A portion of BHB that reaches the mammary gland is utilized as precursor for synthesis of ...Ketosis,a common metabolic disease during early lactation,is associated with high circulating levels ofβ-hydroxybutyrate(BHB).A portion of BHB that reaches the mammary gland is utilized as precursor for synthesis of fatty acids.Recent findings from nonruminant studies revealed that long chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase 4(ACSL4)could play a role in the regulation of cellular fatty acid metabolism,but the mechanisms by which ACSL4 mediates cellular lipid metabolism in response to BHB remains unclear.To achieve the aims,we conducted in vivo or in vitro analyses using bovine mammary gland biopsies and the immortalized mammary epithelial cell line(MAC-T).The in vivo study(n=6 cows per group)involved healthy cows(plasma BHB2.0 mmol L–1)from which mammary gland tissue was biopsied.In vitro,MAC-T cells were challenged with 0,0.3,0.6,1.2,or 2.4 mmol L–1BHB for 24 h to determine an optimal dose.Subsequently,MAC-T were incubated with 1.2 mmol L–1BHB for 0,3,6,12,24,or 48 h.Furthermore,MAC-T cells were treated with small interfering ACSL4(siACSL4)for 24 h or ACSL4 overexpression plasmid(pcACSL4)for 36 h followed by a challenge with 1.2 mmol L–1BHB for 24 h.Results showed that increased mRNA and protein abundance of lipogenic genes were linked to both mammary gland and in vitro challenge with BHB.BHB increased fatty acid content by activating ACSL4 expression,whereas inhibition of ACSL4 reduced BHB-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)overproduction,enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential,increase in fatty acid content,and lipid droplet accumulation.Furthermore,we also elevated ACSL4 expression with an overexpression plasmid to clarify its molecular role in response to BHB challenge.ACSL4 overexpression enhances BHB-induced lipid droplet accumulation by increased fatty acid content.Overall,the information showed that ACSL4 is crucial for the process of producing fatty acids from exogenous BHB.Reduced ACSL4 decreased fatty acid content and lipid droplet accumulation,improved mitochondrial function,directed more fatty acids towards oxidation.Thus,ACSL4 plays an important role in determining the fate of intracellular fatty acids and BHB in BMECs.展开更多
Conventional sinusoidal electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is often impractical for real-time control or on-board diagnostics because measurements at low frequencies require long dwell time,resulting in lengthy te...Conventional sinusoidal electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is often impractical for real-time control or on-board diagnostics because measurements at low frequencies require long dwell time,resulting in lengthy test duration.To address this issue,the composite current pulse excitation is implemented in this work for real-time impedance spectrum acquisition,using the discrete Fourier transform.Pulse sequences and sampling conditions are designed to balance bandwidth and accuracy of the impedance results while satisfying hardware constraints and system relaxation requirements.To improve repeatability under noise and dynamic operating conditions,outliers are mitigated by introducing truncated singular value decomposition reconstruction.Two pulse widths(1 and 100 ms)are applied to overcome the bandwidth limitation of a single-width excitation,enabling an accurate spectrum across 1 k Hz to 1 Hz within~1 s.On a commercial 18650 lithium-ion battery,a mean relative impedance deviation of 2.1%compared with galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results is achieved across state of charge from 5%to 90%at 10 and 25℃.Time-domain voltage simulations using pulse-calibrated parameters reproduce the measured dynamic responses,achieving accuracy comparable to simulations parameterized from galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.展开更多
In southern Sichuan’s deep shale gas development,multi-stage fractured horizontal wells are commonly used.Evaluating fracturing results is challenging due to complex fracture networks.This study classifies fracture s...In southern Sichuan’s deep shale gas development,multi-stage fractured horizontal wells are commonly used.Evaluating fracturing results is challenging due to complex fracture networks.This study classifies fracture systems into four types:single-wing,bi-wing,branched,and serial fractures.A discrete fracture model(DFM)combined with matrix-fracture flow is used to establish a single-stage well testing interpretation model.To address multi-solution issues in well testing,an equivalent fracture network model based on a trilinear flow model is proposed,adjusting crossflow coefficients and the fracture network volume ratio.The study finds significant differences in the pressure derivative dip and the second linear flow stage onset with changes in these parameters.Sensitivity analysis shows that inner zone permeability affects the early and middle stages of the well testing curve.Using shut-in pressure data,a numerical well testing model is applied,with results showing a fracture zone permeability of 0.95 mD,a fracture half-length of 87 m,and fracture network volume ratio of 5%.This research provides guidance for evaluating fracturing effects.展开更多
The growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represents both an urgent environmental challenge and a critical resource opportunity,especially for cathode materials.Among commercial cathodes,LiFePO4(LFP...The growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represents both an urgent environmental challenge and a critical resource opportunity,especially for cathode materials.Among commercial cathodes,LiFePO4(LFP)dominates the market due to its favorable properties;thus,a substantial amount of LFP cathode materials is expected to retire in the near future.The conventional hydrometallurgical method suffers from high costs and serious pollution.Direct regeneration technologies,especially solid-state sintering,provide a more efficient and environmentally benign alternative by repairing cathode structures through high-temperature solid-phase reactions without extra chemical reagents.Traditional solid-state sintering faces challenges in processing spent LFP from diverse sources,struggling to achieve the homogenization of physical–chemical properties and electrochemical performance.To address the limitations above,phase homogenization with a lattice reconstruction strategy has been investigated,which can enable effective lattice reconstruction and microstructural homogenization,demonstrating robust adaptability to spent samples from variable sources.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms,detailed steps,characterization techniques,and advances in pre-oxidation optimization(including ion-doping and coated carbon layer modification),as well as future research directions for sustainable LFP recycling.Given this,this review is expected to offer theoretical guidance for achieving homogeneous regeneration of LFP cathode.展开更多
Quantum computing holds potential for accelerating the simulation of fluid dynamics.However,hardware noise in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era significantly distorts simulation accuracy.Although error magnitud...Quantum computing holds potential for accelerating the simulation of fluid dynamics.However,hardware noise in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era significantly distorts simulation accuracy.Although error magnitudes are frequently quantified,the specific physical effects of quantum noise on flow simulation results remain largely uncharacterized.We investigate the influence of gate noise on the quantum simulation of one-dimensional scalar convection.By employing a quantum spectral algorithm where ideal time advancement affects only Fourier phases,we isolate and analyze noise-induced artifacts in spectral magnitudes.We derive a theoretical transition matrix based on Hamming distances between computational basis states to predict spectral decay,and then validate this model against density-matrix simulations and experiments on a superconducting quantum processor.Furthermore,using data-driven sparse regression,we demonstrate that quantum noise manifests in the effective partial differential equation primarily as artificial diffusion and nonlinear source terms.These findings suggest that quantum errors can be modeled as deterministic physical terms rather than purely stochastic perturbations.展开更多
Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in...Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.展开更多
Buried penis in children presents significant surgical challenges,particularly in severe cases involving skin deficiency and fascial abnormalities.Traditional fixation(TF)-based techniques often yield suboptimal cosme...Buried penis in children presents significant surgical challenges,particularly in severe cases involving skin deficiency and fascial abnormalities.Traditional fixation(TF)-based techniques often yield suboptimal cosmetic and functional outcomes.This study evaluated a novel full-thickness skin graft(FTSG)technique using inner preputial skin for congenital buried penis.A retrospective analysis was conducted on boys aged 4–7 years who underwent surgical management between January 2020 and December 2024 at the Department of Urology,Children’s Hospital of Fudan University,National Children’s Medical Center(Shanghai,China).Patients were divided into FTSG(n=132)and TF(n=141)groups.The FTSG technique achieved greater penile length at 6 months(mean±standard deviation[s.d.]:3.52±0.51 cm vs 3.21±0.59 cm,P<0.001)and 12 months(mean±s.d.:3.88±0.61 cm vs 3.39±0.69 cm,P<0.001)postoperatively,with lower rates of skin contracture(0.8%vs 6.4%,P=0.020)and retraction(1.5%vs 7.8%,P=0.015),compared to TF group.Operative time in FTSG group was slightly longer than that in TF group(mean±s.d.:70.92±9.10 min vs 65.70±8.66 min,P<0.001)without additional burden.Parental satisfaction for penile size and morphology was higher(P<0.001 for both)in FTSG group than TF group,while voiding satisfaction was comparable(P=0.239).These findings suggest that an FTSG using inner preputial tissue is a safe and effective alternative to TF techniques for children with severe congenital buried penis,providing improved penile exposure,enhanced cosmetic outcomes,and a reduced risk of recurrence.Longer-term studies are warranted to evaluate graft adaptation during penile growth and puberty.展开更多
Isocyanates are important products in the polyurethane industry.The industrial production of isocyanates is currently entirely based on the phosgene process.However,phosgene is extremely toxic and generates highly cor...Isocyanates are important products in the polyurethane industry.The industrial production of isocyanates is currently entirely based on the phosgene process.However,phosgene is extremely toxic and generates highly corrosive hydrochloric acid byproduct.Also,chlorine-containing impurities in the product are difficult to remove,which can reduce the reactivity of isocyanates.To protect the environment and human health,the development of non-phosgene synthesis processes for isocyanates is of great significance.This review provides an overview of all reported non-phosgene processes for synthesizing isocyanates,which are divided into one-and two-step pathways.The one-step pathways include the direct carbonylation of nitro and amino groups and the Curtius,Hofmann,and Lossen rearrangements.The two-step pathway involves the thermal decomposition of carbamates:first forming carbamates with amino or nitro groups by using CO,CO2,dimethyl carbonate,urea,and alkyl carbamates as the carbonyl source,and then under the action of catalysts and solvents,the carbamates are thermally cracked to generate the corresponding isocyanates.This article focuses on the synthesis processes and mechanisms of various non-phosgene methods,as well as current research progress.Future prospects for the non-phosgene synthesis of isocyanates are also discussed.展开更多
针对高比例可再生能源与新型负荷接入配电网带来的源荷功率快速波动和季节性能量失衡问题,提出一种柔性配电网氢储能智能软开关(hydrogen energy storage integrated soft open point,HSOP)长-短周期协调优化方法。构建计及源荷匹配度的...针对高比例可再生能源与新型负荷接入配电网带来的源荷功率快速波动和季节性能量失衡问题,提出一种柔性配电网氢储能智能软开关(hydrogen energy storage integrated soft open point,HSOP)长-短周期协调优化方法。构建计及源荷匹配度的含HSOP柔性配电网低碳运行优化模型,考虑HSOP换流器损耗和氢储能系统能量损耗,精细化表征HSOP时序运行特性。采用基于双层模型预测控制的滚动优化方法对所建立模型进行求解,得到实时更新的柔性配电网长-短周期协调优化策略,在改进的IEEE 33节点测试算例上进行验证。结果表明,所提方法可以有效提升源荷不确定性场景下的长周期配电网源荷匹配度,显著提升光伏就地消纳能力,降低配电网碳排放水平。展开更多
To elucidate how time-honored food brands may maintain long-lasting consumer relationships in the current market by identifying the mechanism by which brand interaction results in behavioral intention. Four latent con...To elucidate how time-honored food brands may maintain long-lasting consumer relationships in the current market by identifying the mechanism by which brand interaction results in behavioral intention. Four latent constructs, consumer brand interaction (CBI), perceived value (PV;functional, emotional, and social), brand attachment (BA), and behavioral intention (BI), were the foundation of a consumer survey based on S-O-R and social-exchange theories. 274 valid responses were obtained using an online survey;the measurement and structural models were estimated using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the mediating and chain-mediating effects were tested using PROCESS bootstrap. The results show that consumers’ behavioral intentions are positively impacted by brand interaction between time-honored food brands and customers, with perceived value and brand attachment acting as chain mediators between the two. In order to turn interactive experiences into repurchase, word-of-mouth recommendation, and premium purchase intentions, time-honored food companies should develop interaction tactics that simultaneously promote traditional craftsmanship and culture and improve perceived value and emotional attachment. In the context of Chinese time-honored food, this study is one of the first to confirm that perceived value and brand attachment chain mediation affect the relationship between brand interaction and behavioral intention. This study gives established Chinese time-honored food companies the theoretical foundation they need to create successful brand interaction strategies.展开更多
Against the backdrop of ongoing urban renewal,the dissemination of red culture,and the advancement of smart cultural heritage,the preservation objectives for Chongqing’s anti-Japanese War historical buildings are shi...Against the backdrop of ongoing urban renewal,the dissemination of red culture,and the advancement of smart cultural heritage,the preservation objectives for Chongqing’s anti-Japanese War historical buildings are shifting from“preventing disappearance”to“utilization within preservation and dissemination through utilization.”This paper,starting from the needs of revitalization and utilization,constructs a five-dimensional evaluation framework encompassing“conservation of the original structure,digital fidelity,narrative dissemination,educational transformation,and operational governance.”Furthermore,it proposes a digital study tours product system that connects“heritage sites,online exhibition halls,curriculum resources,research tasks,and urban routes.”By examining two digital model samples from Nanquan,namely Tingquan Building and Kong Garden,this paper discusses the differentiated transformation paths for single-dwelling and compound architectural types in digital study tours.The study posits that the revitalization and utilization of Chongqing’s anti-Japanese War historical buildings should not be equated with general tourism development.Instead,it should be based on authentic preservation,supported by digital archiving and narrative design,and guaranteed by curricular transformation and platform-based governance,thereby facilitating the transformation of historical buildings from static relics into public learning spaces,urban memory nodes,and continuous communication media.展开更多
The historical buildings from the Anti-Japanese War in Chongqing serve as significant material witnesses to the urban memory of the rear area during the war and represent spatial texts interwoven with mountain archite...The historical buildings from the Anti-Japanese War in Chongqing serve as significant material witnesses to the urban memory of the rear area during the war and represent spatial texts interwoven with mountain architectural forms and wartime social life.Addressing issues such as diverse types,complex sites,scattered data,and the disconnection between Conservation and dissemination,this paper introduces technologies such as HBIM(Historical Building Information Modeling),AI semantic segmentation,knowledge graphs,digital twins,3D Gaussian Splatting(3DGS),and WebXR.It proposes a digital Conservation pathway of“multi-source collection-Scan-to-HBIM-semantic enhancement-digital twin-multimodal dissemination”.Using digital models of historical buildings from the Anti-Japanese War in the Nanquan area as samples,the paper compares modeling and dissemination strategies across different Conservation levels,spatial scales,and utilization objectives,focusing on cases such as Tingquan Building,Kongyuan,Kong Lingjun’s Villa,Kongyuan Administrative Building,Lin Sen Bathhouse,Wei Lu,the President’s Residence,Bamboo Grove Villa,and the former site of the Research Department of the Central Political School.The study suggests that digital Conservation of historical buildings from the Anti-Japanese War in Chongqing should form a hierarchical system consisting of“archive layer-management layer-monitoring layer-dissemination layer”.High-precision collection and HBIM ensure authenticity,knowledge graphs and digital twins support continuous updates,and 3DGS,panoramic tours,and WebXR enhance public accessibility,serving Conservation decision-making,academic research,course instruction,and social sharing.展开更多
目的建立一种基于交叉引物扩增(cross primer amplification,CPA)技术的新型现场快速检测四环素耐药基因TetA的方法。方法通过特异性设计5条针对TetA基因保守区域的引物,在单一恒温条件(51~60℃)下完成靶标核酸的扩增,整个检测过程可在4...目的建立一种基于交叉引物扩增(cross primer amplification,CPA)技术的新型现场快速检测四环素耐药基因TetA的方法。方法通过特异性设计5条针对TetA基因保守区域的引物,在单一恒温条件(51~60℃)下完成靶标核酸的扩增,整个检测过程可在45~60 min完成,且仅需水浴锅或金属浴等基础加热设备。为验证其性能,研究对方法的灵敏度、特异性及抗干扰能力进行了系统评价。结果该方法对纯化TetA基因模板的检出限低至30.0 fg/μL,显示出极高的灵敏度。同时,在与四环素类其他耐药基因(如tetB、tetM)及临床常见病原菌基因的对比测试中,未出现非特异性扩增,证实了其优异的选择性。此外,模拟样本检测结果稳定可靠。结论本研究成功建立了一种操作简便、快速、低成本且无需复杂仪器的TetA基因CPA检测新方法。该方法具备的高灵敏度与高特异性,能够有效满足基层医疗机构、养殖场等场所对四环素耐药基因的现场快速筛查需求,为实时监测和遏制抗生素耐药基因的传播提供了一项有力的技术工具,具有重要的实际应用价值。展开更多
The novel Co-based superalloys are extensively used in gas-powered and jet engine turbines due to their excellent high-temperature performance, achieved by strengthening the L12-γ′ ordered phase. This review present...The novel Co-based superalloys are extensively used in gas-powered and jet engine turbines due to their excellent high-temperature performance, achieved by strengthening the L12-γ′ ordered phase. This review presents an overview of the research progress on oxidation behavior of Co-based superalloys, including oxidation kinetics, oxides morphology, the formation and spallation of oxide layers, and importantly, the synergistic effects of alloying elements on oxidation resistance—a critical area considering the complex interactions with multiple alloying elements. Additionally, this review compares the oxidation resistance of single crystal versus polycrystalline alloys. The effect of phase interface and dislocations on oxidation behavior is also discussed. While significant progress has been achieved, areas necessitating further investigation include optimizing alloy compositions for enhanced oxidation resistance and understanding the long-term stability of oxide layers. The future prospects for Co-based superalloys are promising as ongoing research aims to address the existing challenges and unlock new applications at even higher operating temperatures.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1800804 and 2023YFD1801100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172926)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-36)。
摘要Ketosis,a common metabolic disease during early lactation,is associated with high circulating levels ofβ-hydroxybutyrate(BHB).A portion of BHB that reaches the mammary gland is utilized as precursor for synthesis of fatty acids.Recent findings from nonruminant studies revealed that long chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase 4(ACSL4)could play a role in the regulation of cellular fatty acid metabolism,but the mechanisms by which ACSL4 mediates cellular lipid metabolism in response to BHB remains unclear.To achieve the aims,we conducted in vivo or in vitro analyses using bovine mammary gland biopsies and the immortalized mammary epithelial cell line(MAC-T).The in vivo study(n=6 cows per group)involved healthy cows(plasma BHB2.0 mmol L–1)from which mammary gland tissue was biopsied.In vitro,MAC-T cells were challenged with 0,0.3,0.6,1.2,or 2.4 mmol L–1BHB for 24 h to determine an optimal dose.Subsequently,MAC-T were incubated with 1.2 mmol L–1BHB for 0,3,6,12,24,or 48 h.Furthermore,MAC-T cells were treated with small interfering ACSL4(siACSL4)for 24 h or ACSL4 overexpression plasmid(pcACSL4)for 36 h followed by a challenge with 1.2 mmol L–1BHB for 24 h.Results showed that increased mRNA and protein abundance of lipogenic genes were linked to both mammary gland and in vitro challenge with BHB.BHB increased fatty acid content by activating ACSL4 expression,whereas inhibition of ACSL4 reduced BHB-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)overproduction,enhancement of mitochondrial membrane potential,increase in fatty acid content,and lipid droplet accumulation.Furthermore,we also elevated ACSL4 expression with an overexpression plasmid to clarify its molecular role in response to BHB challenge.ACSL4 overexpression enhances BHB-induced lipid droplet accumulation by increased fatty acid content.Overall,the information showed that ACSL4 is crucial for the process of producing fatty acids from exogenous BHB.Reduced ACSL4 decreased fatty acid content and lipid droplet accumulation,improved mitochondrial function,directed more fatty acids towards oxidation.Thus,ACSL4 plays an important role in determining the fate of intracellular fatty acids and BHB in BMECs.
基金supported by the Open access funding provided by the Open Access Publishing Fund of RWTH Aachen University,Germany。
摘要Conventional sinusoidal electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is often impractical for real-time control or on-board diagnostics because measurements at low frequencies require long dwell time,resulting in lengthy test duration.To address this issue,the composite current pulse excitation is implemented in this work for real-time impedance spectrum acquisition,using the discrete Fourier transform.Pulse sequences and sampling conditions are designed to balance bandwidth and accuracy of the impedance results while satisfying hardware constraints and system relaxation requirements.To improve repeatability under noise and dynamic operating conditions,outliers are mitigated by introducing truncated singular value decomposition reconstruction.Two pulse widths(1 and 100 ms)are applied to overcome the bandwidth limitation of a single-width excitation,enabling an accurate spectrum across 1 k Hz to 1 Hz within~1 s.On a commercial 18650 lithium-ion battery,a mean relative impedance deviation of 2.1%compared with galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results is achieved across state of charge from 5%to 90%at 10 and 25℃.Time-domain voltage simulations using pulse-calibrated parameters reproduce the measured dynamic responses,achieving accuracy comparable to simulations parameterized from galvanostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
摘要In southern Sichuan’s deep shale gas development,multi-stage fractured horizontal wells are commonly used.Evaluating fracturing results is challenging due to complex fracture networks.This study classifies fracture systems into four types:single-wing,bi-wing,branched,and serial fractures.A discrete fracture model(DFM)combined with matrix-fracture flow is used to establish a single-stage well testing interpretation model.To address multi-solution issues in well testing,an equivalent fracture network model based on a trilinear flow model is proposed,adjusting crossflow coefficients and the fracture network volume ratio.The study finds significant differences in the pressure derivative dip and the second linear flow stage onset with changes in these parameters.Sensitivity analysis shows that inner zone permeability affects the early and middle stages of the well testing curve.Using shut-in pressure data,a numerical well testing model is applied,with results showing a fracture zone permeability of 0.95 mD,a fracture half-length of 87 m,and fracture network volume ratio of 5%.This research provides guidance for evaluating fracturing effects.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Key Foundation of China(52534010)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374288,52204298)+2 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2022QNRC001)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3900805-4/7)Collaborative Innovation Centre for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Metal Mineral Resources,Found of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing(BGRIMM-KJSKL-2017-13).
摘要The growing volume of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)represents both an urgent environmental challenge and a critical resource opportunity,especially for cathode materials.Among commercial cathodes,LiFePO4(LFP)dominates the market due to its favorable properties;thus,a substantial amount of LFP cathode materials is expected to retire in the near future.The conventional hydrometallurgical method suffers from high costs and serious pollution.Direct regeneration technologies,especially solid-state sintering,provide a more efficient and environmentally benign alternative by repairing cathode structures through high-temperature solid-phase reactions without extra chemical reagents.Traditional solid-state sintering faces challenges in processing spent LFP from diverse sources,struggling to achieve the homogenization of physical–chemical properties and electrochemical performance.To address the limitations above,phase homogenization with a lattice reconstruction strategy has been investigated,which can enable effective lattice reconstruction and microstructural homogenization,demonstrating robust adaptability to spent samples from variable sources.This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms,detailed steps,characterization techniques,and advances in pre-oxidation optimization(including ion-doping and coated carbon layer modification),as well as future research directions for sustainable LFP recycling.Given this,this review is expected to offer theoretical guidance for achieving homogeneous regeneration of LFP cathode.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFB4502600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52306126,12525201,12432010,and 12588201).
摘要Quantum computing holds potential for accelerating the simulation of fluid dynamics.However,hardware noise in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era significantly distorts simulation accuracy.Although error magnitudes are frequently quantified,the specific physical effects of quantum noise on flow simulation results remain largely uncharacterized.We investigate the influence of gate noise on the quantum simulation of one-dimensional scalar convection.By employing a quantum spectral algorithm where ideal time advancement affects only Fourier phases,we isolate and analyze noise-induced artifacts in spectral magnitudes.We derive a theoretical transition matrix based on Hamming distances between computational basis states to predict spectral decay,and then validate this model against density-matrix simulations and experiments on a superconducting quantum processor.Furthermore,using data-driven sparse regression,we demonstrate that quantum noise manifests in the effective partial differential equation primarily as artificial diffusion and nonlinear source terms.These findings suggest that quantum errors can be modeled as deterministic physical terms rather than purely stochastic perturbations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077367 and 21677123).
摘要Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.
基金funded by the Major Scientific Research Project of the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission(grant No.Z202314).
摘要Buried penis in children presents significant surgical challenges,particularly in severe cases involving skin deficiency and fascial abnormalities.Traditional fixation(TF)-based techniques often yield suboptimal cosmetic and functional outcomes.This study evaluated a novel full-thickness skin graft(FTSG)technique using inner preputial skin for congenital buried penis.A retrospective analysis was conducted on boys aged 4–7 years who underwent surgical management between January 2020 and December 2024 at the Department of Urology,Children’s Hospital of Fudan University,National Children’s Medical Center(Shanghai,China).Patients were divided into FTSG(n=132)and TF(n=141)groups.The FTSG technique achieved greater penile length at 6 months(mean±standard deviation[s.d.]:3.52±0.51 cm vs 3.21±0.59 cm,P<0.001)and 12 months(mean±s.d.:3.88±0.61 cm vs 3.39±0.69 cm,P<0.001)postoperatively,with lower rates of skin contracture(0.8%vs 6.4%,P=0.020)and retraction(1.5%vs 7.8%,P=0.015),compared to TF group.Operative time in FTSG group was slightly longer than that in TF group(mean±s.d.:70.92±9.10 min vs 65.70±8.66 min,P<0.001)without additional burden.Parental satisfaction for penile size and morphology was higher(P<0.001 for both)in FTSG group than TF group,while voiding satisfaction was comparable(P=0.239).These findings suggest that an FTSG using inner preputial tissue is a safe and effective alternative to TF techniques for children with severe congenital buried penis,providing improved penile exposure,enhanced cosmetic outcomes,and a reduced risk of recurrence.Longer-term studies are warranted to evaluate graft adaptation during penile growth and puberty.
基金supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21B2097)Joint Research Program(Basic Research)of the Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Innovation Community(2025CSJZN00800)。
摘要Isocyanates are important products in the polyurethane industry.The industrial production of isocyanates is currently entirely based on the phosgene process.However,phosgene is extremely toxic and generates highly corrosive hydrochloric acid byproduct.Also,chlorine-containing impurities in the product are difficult to remove,which can reduce the reactivity of isocyanates.To protect the environment and human health,the development of non-phosgene synthesis processes for isocyanates is of great significance.This review provides an overview of all reported non-phosgene processes for synthesizing isocyanates,which are divided into one-and two-step pathways.The one-step pathways include the direct carbonylation of nitro and amino groups and the Curtius,Hofmann,and Lossen rearrangements.The two-step pathway involves the thermal decomposition of carbamates:first forming carbamates with amino or nitro groups by using CO,CO2,dimethyl carbonate,urea,and alkyl carbamates as the carbonyl source,and then under the action of catalysts and solvents,the carbamates are thermally cracked to generate the corresponding isocyanates.This article focuses on the synthesis processes and mechanisms of various non-phosgene methods,as well as current research progress.Future prospects for the non-phosgene synthesis of isocyanates are also discussed.
摘要针对高比例可再生能源与新型负荷接入配电网带来的源荷功率快速波动和季节性能量失衡问题,提出一种柔性配电网氢储能智能软开关(hydrogen energy storage integrated soft open point,HSOP)长-短周期协调优化方法。构建计及源荷匹配度的含HSOP柔性配电网低碳运行优化模型,考虑HSOP换流器损耗和氢储能系统能量损耗,精细化表征HSOP时序运行特性。采用基于双层模型预测控制的滚动优化方法对所建立模型进行求解,得到实时更新的柔性配电网长-短周期协调优化策略,在改进的IEEE 33节点测试算例上进行验证。结果表明,所提方法可以有效提升源荷不确定性场景下的长周期配电网源荷匹配度,显著提升光伏就地消纳能力,降低配电网碳排放水平。
摘要To elucidate how time-honored food brands may maintain long-lasting consumer relationships in the current market by identifying the mechanism by which brand interaction results in behavioral intention. Four latent constructs, consumer brand interaction (CBI), perceived value (PV;functional, emotional, and social), brand attachment (BA), and behavioral intention (BI), were the foundation of a consumer survey based on S-O-R and social-exchange theories. 274 valid responses were obtained using an online survey;the measurement and structural models were estimated using structural equation modeling (SEM), and the mediating and chain-mediating effects were tested using PROCESS bootstrap. The results show that consumers’ behavioral intentions are positively impacted by brand interaction between time-honored food brands and customers, with perceived value and brand attachment acting as chain mediators between the two. In order to turn interactive experiences into repurchase, word-of-mouth recommendation, and premium purchase intentions, time-honored food companies should develop interaction tactics that simultaneously promote traditional craftsmanship and culture and improve perceived value and emotional attachment. In the context of Chinese time-honored food, this study is one of the first to confirm that perceived value and brand attachment chain mediation affect the relationship between brand interaction and behavioral intention. This study gives established Chinese time-honored food companies the theoretical foundation they need to create successful brand interaction strategies.
基金Chongqing Social Science Planning Project(Project No.:2024NDQN103)Chongqing Higher Education Teaching Reform Research Project(Project No.:253275)。
摘要Against the backdrop of ongoing urban renewal,the dissemination of red culture,and the advancement of smart cultural heritage,the preservation objectives for Chongqing’s anti-Japanese War historical buildings are shifting from“preventing disappearance”to“utilization within preservation and dissemination through utilization.”This paper,starting from the needs of revitalization and utilization,constructs a five-dimensional evaluation framework encompassing“conservation of the original structure,digital fidelity,narrative dissemination,educational transformation,and operational governance.”Furthermore,it proposes a digital study tours product system that connects“heritage sites,online exhibition halls,curriculum resources,research tasks,and urban routes.”By examining two digital model samples from Nanquan,namely Tingquan Building and Kong Garden,this paper discusses the differentiated transformation paths for single-dwelling and compound architectural types in digital study tours.The study posits that the revitalization and utilization of Chongqing’s anti-Japanese War historical buildings should not be equated with general tourism development.Instead,it should be based on authentic preservation,supported by digital archiving and narrative design,and guaranteed by curricular transformation and platform-based governance,thereby facilitating the transformation of historical buildings from static relics into public learning spaces,urban memory nodes,and continuous communication media.
基金Chongqing Social Science Planning Project“Research on Digital Conservation and Utilization of Historical Buildings from the Anti-Japanese War in Chongqing”(Project No.:2024NDQN103)Chongqing Education Science Planning Project“Research on the Construction Path and Practice of a Multimodal Teaching Resource Library for Design-Related Majors Empowered by AI”(Project No.:K25ZG2190132)。
摘要The historical buildings from the Anti-Japanese War in Chongqing serve as significant material witnesses to the urban memory of the rear area during the war and represent spatial texts interwoven with mountain architectural forms and wartime social life.Addressing issues such as diverse types,complex sites,scattered data,and the disconnection between Conservation and dissemination,this paper introduces technologies such as HBIM(Historical Building Information Modeling),AI semantic segmentation,knowledge graphs,digital twins,3D Gaussian Splatting(3DGS),and WebXR.It proposes a digital Conservation pathway of“multi-source collection-Scan-to-HBIM-semantic enhancement-digital twin-multimodal dissemination”.Using digital models of historical buildings from the Anti-Japanese War in the Nanquan area as samples,the paper compares modeling and dissemination strategies across different Conservation levels,spatial scales,and utilization objectives,focusing on cases such as Tingquan Building,Kongyuan,Kong Lingjun’s Villa,Kongyuan Administrative Building,Lin Sen Bathhouse,Wei Lu,the President’s Residence,Bamboo Grove Villa,and the former site of the Research Department of the Central Political School.The study suggests that digital Conservation of historical buildings from the Anti-Japanese War in Chongqing should form a hierarchical system consisting of“archive layer-management layer-monitoring layer-dissemination layer”.High-precision collection and HBIM ensure authenticity,knowledge graphs and digital twins support continuous updates,and 3DGS,panoramic tours,and WebXR enhance public accessibility,serving Conservation decision-making,academic research,course instruction,and social sharing.
摘要目的建立一种基于交叉引物扩增(cross primer amplification,CPA)技术的新型现场快速检测四环素耐药基因TetA的方法。方法通过特异性设计5条针对TetA基因保守区域的引物,在单一恒温条件(51~60℃)下完成靶标核酸的扩增,整个检测过程可在45~60 min完成,且仅需水浴锅或金属浴等基础加热设备。为验证其性能,研究对方法的灵敏度、特异性及抗干扰能力进行了系统评价。结果该方法对纯化TetA基因模板的检出限低至30.0 fg/μL,显示出极高的灵敏度。同时,在与四环素类其他耐药基因(如tetB、tetM)及临床常见病原菌基因的对比测试中,未出现非特异性扩增,证实了其优异的选择性。此外,模拟样本检测结果稳定可靠。结论本研究成功建立了一种操作简便、快速、低成本且无需复杂仪器的TetA基因CPA检测新方法。该方法具备的高灵敏度与高特异性,能够有效满足基层医疗机构、养殖场等场所对四环素耐药基因的现场快速筛查需求,为实时监测和遏制抗生素耐药基因的传播提供了一项有力的技术工具,具有重要的实际应用价值。
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171107,52201203)the Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.E2021501026)the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Joint Fund of Iron and Steel Research(No.U1960204).
摘要The novel Co-based superalloys are extensively used in gas-powered and jet engine turbines due to their excellent high-temperature performance, achieved by strengthening the L12-γ′ ordered phase. This review presents an overview of the research progress on oxidation behavior of Co-based superalloys, including oxidation kinetics, oxides morphology, the formation and spallation of oxide layers, and importantly, the synergistic effects of alloying elements on oxidation resistance—a critical area considering the complex interactions with multiple alloying elements. Additionally, this review compares the oxidation resistance of single crystal versus polycrystalline alloys. The effect of phase interface and dislocations on oxidation behavior is also discussed. While significant progress has been achieved, areas necessitating further investigation include optimizing alloy compositions for enhanced oxidation resistance and understanding the long-term stability of oxide layers. The future prospects for Co-based superalloys are promising as ongoing research aims to address the existing challenges and unlock new applications at even higher operating temperatures.