Siderite concretions formed in different depositional settings exhibit distinct mineral paragenesis and can offer important clues to paleoenvironmental conditions.In this study,we conducted PLM,XRD,XRF and SEM-EDS ana...Siderite concretions formed in different depositional settings exhibit distinct mineral paragenesis and can offer important clues to paleoenvironmental conditions.In this study,we conducted PLM,XRD,XRF and SEM-EDS analyses on the nucleus,mantle and wallrock of concretions found at Longtan Formation in the Chaohu area(Eastern China),with the aim of establishing a formation model for the concretions.The concretions are composed of a black nucleus,a grey mantle,white stockwork and a brown annular vein.The nucleus is primarily composed of apatite and the mantle is siderite-rich.The stockwork comprises mainly ankerite and the annular vein consists primarily of pyrite.The apatite nucleus is formed through the combination of phosphate ions with calcium ions.The siderite mantle developed subsequently,resulting from the association of carbonate ions with ferrous ions.The ankerite stockwork is probably related to the increased alkalinity of the pore waters induced by the oxidation of organic matter.The pyrite annular vein is interpreted as a product of sulphate-reduction zones.Comparative analysis indicates that the siderite concretions were mainly formed around bivalve fossils in the suboxic zone within sediments,while the sediments of the Longtan Formation(at Guibeitan,Chaohu)were formed under oxic conditions in a marginal marine-terrestrial transitional environment.展开更多
Diffusion bonding(DB) of near-α titanium alloys requires high temperatures,which can cause grain coarsening,structural deformations,and degradation of the workpiece's mechanical characteristics.In this study,ther...Diffusion bonding(DB) of near-α titanium alloys requires high temperatures,which can cause grain coarsening,structural deformations,and degradation of the workpiece's mechanical characteristics.In this study,thermal hydrogen processing(THP)was applied to Ti65,combined with selective magnetron sputtering of a Ti-Al thin film to promote hydrogen segregation,achieving DB of Ti65 at an ultralow temperature of 750℃,and the joint's shear strength reached 757.9 MPa.The typical microstructure of the hydrogenated Ti65 alloy at room temperature was composed of β-Ti,α-Ti,α',and hydrides.A small fraction of hydrogen-induced α→β(βH) phase transformation occurred preferentially along grain boundaries,refining the grain size by 19.9%.Because of hydrogen segregation at the diffusion-bonded interface,continuous βH-phase structures formed throughout the interfacial region,contributing to the stability of the joint.TEM and EBSD results revealed a high density of lattice defects in βH,whereas first-principles simulations demonstrated an increase in vacancy concentration in βH.The increased lattice defect density significantly accelerated the atomic diffusion rate of the βH-phase.Overall,the hydrogen-induced phase transformation and the stable segregation of the βH-phase at the interface have been confirmed as key factors in achieving low-temperature DB of the Ti65 alloy.展开更多
Stony debris flows,characterized by coarse boulders embedded in a sediment-laden matrix,greatly amplify destructive potential by altering flow dynamics and impact forces.Conventional single-phase particle-fluidmixture...Stony debris flows,characterized by coarse boulders embedded in a sediment-laden matrix,greatly amplify destructive potential by altering flow dynamics and impact forces.Conventional single-phase particle-fluidmixture models often struggle to capture the complexities introduced by coarse boulders and multi-phase interactions,while strong-coupling methods can be computationally prohibitive for practical hazard assessments.In this study,we propose a semi-hybrid,fully resolved coupling numerical framework for modeling boulder-laden debris flows.This framework conceptualizes debris flows as a composite system comprising a continuous viscous fluidphase(including finesediments)and a discrete phase of arbitrarily shaped coarse particles.The continuous phase is treated as a generalized nonlinear Coulomb-viscoplastic fluidusing the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method,while coarse particles are modeled via the distributed contact discrete element method(DCDEM).These two phases are coupled through an efficienttwo-way resolved scheme,ensuring accurate simulation of flow-boulder interactions within a unifiedtimeframe.We validate the proposed method against two physical experiments:(1)gravity-driven concrete flows and(2)debris flowinteracting with slit-type barriers.Results confirmthe method's robustness in accurately capturing fluid-solid-structureinteractions and deposition processes.Its capabilities are further showcased through the simulation of a stony debris-flowevent inWenchuan County,China,highlighting its promise for real-world engineering applications and validating the effectiveness of the existing cascade dam system in mitigating debrisflowimpact and energy dissipation.展开更多
Bangladesh experiences frequent hydro-climatic disasters such as flooding.These disasters are believed to be associated with land use changes and climate variability.However,identifying the factors that lead to floodi...Bangladesh experiences frequent hydro-climatic disasters such as flooding.These disasters are believed to be associated with land use changes and climate variability.However,identifying the factors that lead to flooding is challenging.This study mapped flood susceptibility in the northeast region of Bangladesh using Bayesian regularization back propagation(BRBP)neural network,classification and regression trees(CART),a statistical model(STM)using the evidence belief function(EBF),and their ensemble models(EMs)for three time periods(2000,2014,and 2017).The accuracy of machine learning algorithms(MLAs),STM,and EMs were assessed by considering the area under the curve—receiver operating characteristic(AUC-ROC).Evaluation of the accuracy levels of the aforementioned algorithms revealed that EM4(BRBP-CART-EBF)outperformed(AUC>90%)standalone and other ensemble models for the three time periods analyzed.Furthermore,this study investigated the relationships among land cover change(LCC),population growth(PG),road density(RD),and relative change of flooding(RCF)areas for the period between 2000 and 2017.The results showed that areas with very high susceptibility to flooding increased by 19.72%between 2000 and 2017,while the PG rate increased by 51.68%over the same period.The Pearson correlation coefficient for RCF and RD was calculated to be 0.496.These findings highlight the significant association between floods and causative factors.The study findings could be valuable to policymakers and resource managers as they can lead to improvements in flood management and reduction in flood damage and risks.展开更多
Human-modified landscapes serve as ecological filters,determining species distributions and persistence.Energy-efficient technologies,while crucial for climate change mitigation,represent novel filters whose impacts o...Human-modified landscapes serve as ecological filters,determining species distributions and persistence.Energy-efficient technologies,while crucial for climate change mitigation,represent novel filters whose impacts on synanthropic biodiversity are poorly understood.We investigated how attached sunspaces,a widely adopted energy-saving technology in rural China,filter the distribution of two ecologically important aerial insectivores,the Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica)and Red-rumped Swallow(Cecropis daurica).We surveyed 106 villages during the 2024 and 2025 breeding seasons and recorded a total of 2323 nests(612 Barn Swallow,1711 Red-rumped Swallow).Using Generalized Linear Models,we assessed their responses to building characteristics,landscape composition and the prevalence of sunspaces.Barn Swallow nests preferred perches at the base and single attachment faces,while Red-rumped Swallow nests favored multiple attachment faces and avoided long shelters.The proportion of buildings with sunspaces acted as a strong positive filter for Barn Swallow nest abundance(+24%)but as a significant negative filter for Red-rumped Swallow(-51%).Other landscape variables(e.g.,human population density,NDVI,Human Footprint Index)were not significant.This study demonstrates that specific architectural innovations can act as powerful ecological filters,leading to divergent distributional outcomes for sympatric species reliant on anthropogenic structures.Our findings reveal a critical trade-off in sustainable development:energy efficiency gains may inadvertently reduce habitat suitability for certain species.To reconcile climate and biodiversity goals in rural landscapes,we advocate integrating species-specific habitat requirements into building design.We propose actionable modifications to sunspaces to support swallows without compromising energy savings.These principles provide a template for mitigating the distributional impacts of green infrastructure globally.展开更多
The optically levitated mechanical system in vacuum is a powerful platform in physics.It has been displaying more extensive application prospects.This paper presents an experimental study of optical levitation,identif...The optically levitated mechanical system in vacuum is a powerful platform in physics.It has been displaying more extensive application prospects.This paper presents an experimental study of optical levitation,identification,motion measurement,and assembly of two-species photoluminescence nanoparticles.A laser trapping array simultaneously levitates nitrogen-vacancy(NV)nanodiamonds and Yb3+/Er3+:NaYF4nanoparticles.The species of each nanoparticle can be individually identified by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum.We choose the single NV nanodiamond and Yb3+/Er3+:NaYF4nanoparticle and assemble them into a Janus composite nanoparticle,which integrates the merits of the two components.This work demonstrates the potential advantages of a hybrid optically levitated system.It provides a practicable scheme for the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena and precision measurement,thanks to the spin manipulation or spin-mechanical coupling of an NV diamond and by simultaneously implementing laser refrigeration to the Yb3+/Er3+:NaYF4nanoparticle in an optically levitated composite nanoparticle.展开更多
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a disease of increasing global prevalence and an important risk factor for the development of insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and ...BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a disease of increasing global prevalence and an important risk factor for the development of insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma,but the pathogenesis is not clear.The aim of this study was to explore the role of ILF3 in NAFLD.AIM To investigate the molecular processes through which ILF3 facilitates the advancement of NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of p-AMPK.This exploration seeks to provide new insights into the etiology of NAFLD and evaluate the potential of ILF3 as a diagnostic marker and potential treatment focus for future interventions.METHODS In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted using HepG2 cells and NAFLD animal models.The effects of ILF3 knockdown on lipid synthesis and triglyceride(TG)secretion were examined by analyzing the expression levels of p-AMPK.Additionally,the roles of ILF3 and the AMPK signaling pathway were verified using techniques such as Western blotting,quantitative reverse transcription PCR,Oil Red O staining,and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Investigations revealed an increase in ILF3 Levels within both HepG2 cells and animal models of NAFLD,concurrently with a decrease in p-AMPK expression.Knocking down ILF3 activated the AMPK pathway,reducing lipid production and TG secretion in hepatocytes,thereby mitigating the advancement of NAFLD.CONCLUSION ILF3 promotes the evolution of NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of p-AMPK.The knockdown of ILF3 activates the AMPK signaling pathway,alleviating the severity of NAFLD.These findings underscore the function of ILF3 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and demonstrate its viability as a treatment focus and diagnostic indicator.展开更多
应用临床阳性样本进行鸭甲型肝炎病毒血清3型(duck hepatitis A virus type 3,DHAV-3)毒株的分离,并利用RT-PCR方法对分离毒株的基因组进行扩增、序列比对分析确定其遗传进化关系。分离毒株分别感染无母源抗体鸭胚,通过测定ELD50比...应用临床阳性样本进行鸭甲型肝炎病毒血清3型(duck hepatitis A virus type 3,DHAV-3)毒株的分离,并利用RT-PCR方法对分离毒株的基因组进行扩增、序列比对分析确定其遗传进化关系。分离毒株分别感染无母源抗体鸭胚,通过测定ELD50比较毒株对鸭胚的致病力;将毒力最强和最弱毒株分别感染5日龄健康雏鸭,记录发病及死亡情况,对雏鸭心脏、肝脏和脾脏组织进行石蜡切片制作,HE染色后观察组织病理变化,分析其对雏鸭的致病性。应用无母源抗体鸭胚自山东菏泽和河北石家庄4个规模化养殖场中成功分离到4株DHAV-3病毒,分别将其命名为HZ-1、HZ-2、HZ-3和HB-1株。序列测定结果显示,分离毒株的全基因组长分别为7787、7786、7785、7788 bp;G+C含量分别为42.25%、42.15%、42.11%和42.15%。系统进化树分析结果显示,4株DHAV-3病毒与我国山东、安徽、江苏和四川地区毒株的亲缘关系最近,与越南、韩国和黑龙江地区毒株亲缘关系相对较远。鸭胚致病性试验结果显示,HZ-1、HZ-2、HZ-3和HB-1株的半数胚致死量(egg lethal dose,ELD50)分别为10-7.0/0.2 mL、10-7.2/0.2 mL、10-6.3/0.2 mL和10-7.5/0.2 mL,均属于高致病性毒株。将HB-1株和HZ-1株分别腹腔接种健康雏鸭,观察期内2组雏鸭的病死率均为20%,RT-PCR检测感染率为100%;病理组织学观察显示,肝细胞肿胀、脂肪变性,脾脏出血、坏死,伴有炎症细胞浸润,心脏出血、充血,局部坏死,并伴有炎症细胞浸润。该结果为了解我国DHAV-3田间毒株的分子特征和致病性及开发相关诊断试剂、疫苗和卵黄抗体等生物制品奠定了基础。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41602173)Natural Science Key Project of Education Department of Anhui Province(KJ2021A0079).
摘要Siderite concretions formed in different depositional settings exhibit distinct mineral paragenesis and can offer important clues to paleoenvironmental conditions.In this study,we conducted PLM,XRD,XRF and SEM-EDS analyses on the nucleus,mantle and wallrock of concretions found at Longtan Formation in the Chaohu area(Eastern China),with the aim of establishing a formation model for the concretions.The concretions are composed of a black nucleus,a grey mantle,white stockwork and a brown annular vein.The nucleus is primarily composed of apatite and the mantle is siderite-rich.The stockwork comprises mainly ankerite and the annular vein consists primarily of pyrite.The apatite nucleus is formed through the combination of phosphate ions with calcium ions.The siderite mantle developed subsequently,resulting from the association of carbonate ions with ferrous ions.The ankerite stockwork is probably related to the increased alkalinity of the pore waters induced by the oxidation of organic matter.The pyrite annular vein is interpreted as a product of sulphate-reduction zones.Comparative analysis indicates that the siderite concretions were mainly formed around bivalve fossils in the suboxic zone within sediments,while the sediments of the Longtan Formation(at Guibeitan,Chaohu)were formed under oxic conditions in a marginal marine-terrestrial transitional environment.
基金financially supported by the Special Project for High-quality Development by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(Grant 2023ZY01010-03)。
摘要Diffusion bonding(DB) of near-α titanium alloys requires high temperatures,which can cause grain coarsening,structural deformations,and degradation of the workpiece's mechanical characteristics.In this study,thermal hydrogen processing(THP)was applied to Ti65,combined with selective magnetron sputtering of a Ti-Al thin film to promote hydrogen segregation,achieving DB of Ti65 at an ultralow temperature of 750℃,and the joint's shear strength reached 757.9 MPa.The typical microstructure of the hydrogenated Ti65 alloy at room temperature was composed of β-Ti,α-Ti,α',and hydrides.A small fraction of hydrogen-induced α→β(βH) phase transformation occurred preferentially along grain boundaries,refining the grain size by 19.9%.Because of hydrogen segregation at the diffusion-bonded interface,continuous βH-phase structures formed throughout the interfacial region,contributing to the stability of the joint.TEM and EBSD results revealed a high density of lattice defects in βH,whereas first-principles simulations demonstrated an increase in vacancy concentration in βH.The increased lattice defect density significantly accelerated the atomic diffusion rate of the βH-phase.Overall,the hydrogen-induced phase transformation and the stable segregation of the βH-phase at the interface have been confirmed as key factors in achieving low-temperature DB of the Ti65 alloy.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(Grant Nos.JP23KK0182,JP23K26356,and JP24K00971).
摘要Stony debris flows,characterized by coarse boulders embedded in a sediment-laden matrix,greatly amplify destructive potential by altering flow dynamics and impact forces.Conventional single-phase particle-fluidmixture models often struggle to capture the complexities introduced by coarse boulders and multi-phase interactions,while strong-coupling methods can be computationally prohibitive for practical hazard assessments.In this study,we propose a semi-hybrid,fully resolved coupling numerical framework for modeling boulder-laden debris flows.This framework conceptualizes debris flows as a composite system comprising a continuous viscous fluidphase(including finesediments)and a discrete phase of arbitrarily shaped coarse particles.The continuous phase is treated as a generalized nonlinear Coulomb-viscoplastic fluidusing the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method,while coarse particles are modeled via the distributed contact discrete element method(DCDEM).These two phases are coupled through an efficienttwo-way resolved scheme,ensuring accurate simulation of flow-boulder interactions within a unifiedtimeframe.We validate the proposed method against two physical experiments:(1)gravity-driven concrete flows and(2)debris flowinteracting with slit-type barriers.Results confirmthe method's robustness in accurately capturing fluid-solid-structureinteractions and deposition processes.Its capabilities are further showcased through the simulation of a stony debris-flowevent inWenchuan County,China,highlighting its promise for real-world engineering applications and validating the effectiveness of the existing cascade dam system in mitigating debrisflowimpact and energy dissipation.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41861134008)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)of China(Grant No.2019QZKK0902)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.2018YFC1505202)the Key R&D Projects of Sichuan Science and Technology(Grant No.18ZDYF0329).
摘要Bangladesh experiences frequent hydro-climatic disasters such as flooding.These disasters are believed to be associated with land use changes and climate variability.However,identifying the factors that lead to flooding is challenging.This study mapped flood susceptibility in the northeast region of Bangladesh using Bayesian regularization back propagation(BRBP)neural network,classification and regression trees(CART),a statistical model(STM)using the evidence belief function(EBF),and their ensemble models(EMs)for three time periods(2000,2014,and 2017).The accuracy of machine learning algorithms(MLAs),STM,and EMs were assessed by considering the area under the curve—receiver operating characteristic(AUC-ROC).Evaluation of the accuracy levels of the aforementioned algorithms revealed that EM4(BRBP-CART-EBF)outperformed(AUC>90%)standalone and other ensemble models for the three time periods analyzed.Furthermore,this study investigated the relationships among land cover change(LCC),population growth(PG),road density(RD),and relative change of flooding(RCF)areas for the period between 2000 and 2017.The results showed that areas with very high susceptibility to flooding increased by 19.72%between 2000 and 2017,while the PG rate increased by 51.68%over the same period.The Pearson correlation coefficient for RCF and RD was calculated to be 0.496.These findings highlight the significant association between floods and causative factors.The study findings could be valuable to policymakers and resource managers as they can lead to improvements in flood management and reduction in flood damage and risks.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32201304)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412022QD026)。
摘要Human-modified landscapes serve as ecological filters,determining species distributions and persistence.Energy-efficient technologies,while crucial for climate change mitigation,represent novel filters whose impacts on synanthropic biodiversity are poorly understood.We investigated how attached sunspaces,a widely adopted energy-saving technology in rural China,filter the distribution of two ecologically important aerial insectivores,the Barn Swallow(Hirundo rustica)and Red-rumped Swallow(Cecropis daurica).We surveyed 106 villages during the 2024 and 2025 breeding seasons and recorded a total of 2323 nests(612 Barn Swallow,1711 Red-rumped Swallow).Using Generalized Linear Models,we assessed their responses to building characteristics,landscape composition and the prevalence of sunspaces.Barn Swallow nests preferred perches at the base and single attachment faces,while Red-rumped Swallow nests favored multiple attachment faces and avoided long shelters.The proportion of buildings with sunspaces acted as a strong positive filter for Barn Swallow nest abundance(+24%)but as a significant negative filter for Red-rumped Swallow(-51%).Other landscape variables(e.g.,human population density,NDVI,Human Footprint Index)were not significant.This study demonstrates that specific architectural innovations can act as powerful ecological filters,leading to divergent distributional outcomes for sympatric species reliant on anthropogenic structures.Our findings reveal a critical trade-off in sustainable development:energy efficiency gains may inadvertently reduce habitat suitability for certain species.To reconcile climate and biodiversity goals in rural landscapes,we advocate integrating species-specific habitat requirements into building design.We propose actionable modifications to sunspaces to support swallows without compromising energy savings.These principles provide a template for mitigating the distributional impacts of green infrastructure globally.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61975101,11234008,11361161002,and 6157-1276)。
摘要The optically levitated mechanical system in vacuum is a powerful platform in physics.It has been displaying more extensive application prospects.This paper presents an experimental study of optical levitation,identification,motion measurement,and assembly of two-species photoluminescence nanoparticles.A laser trapping array simultaneously levitates nitrogen-vacancy(NV)nanodiamonds and Yb3+/Er3+:NaYF4nanoparticles.The species of each nanoparticle can be individually identified by measuring the photoluminescence spectrum.We choose the single NV nanodiamond and Yb3+/Er3+:NaYF4nanoparticle and assemble them into a Janus composite nanoparticle,which integrates the merits of the two components.This work demonstrates the potential advantages of a hybrid optically levitated system.It provides a practicable scheme for the study of macroscopic quantum phenomena and precision measurement,thanks to the spin manipulation or spin-mechanical coupling of an NV diamond and by simultaneously implementing laser refrigeration to the Yb3+/Er3+:NaYF4nanoparticle in an optically levitated composite nanoparticle.
基金Supported by the Wuhan Science and Technology Bureau Project,No.2022020801020552(to Zhan T)Wuhan Health and Family Planning Commission Medical Research Project,No.WX20M01(to Tian X).
摘要BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a disease of increasing global prevalence and an important risk factor for the development of insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes,non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma,but the pathogenesis is not clear.The aim of this study was to explore the role of ILF3 in NAFLD.AIM To investigate the molecular processes through which ILF3 facilitates the advancement of NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of p-AMPK.This exploration seeks to provide new insights into the etiology of NAFLD and evaluate the potential of ILF3 as a diagnostic marker and potential treatment focus for future interventions.METHODS In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted using HepG2 cells and NAFLD animal models.The effects of ILF3 knockdown on lipid synthesis and triglyceride(TG)secretion were examined by analyzing the expression levels of p-AMPK.Additionally,the roles of ILF3 and the AMPK signaling pathway were verified using techniques such as Western blotting,quantitative reverse transcription PCR,Oil Red O staining,and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS Investigations revealed an increase in ILF3 Levels within both HepG2 cells and animal models of NAFLD,concurrently with a decrease in p-AMPK expression.Knocking down ILF3 activated the AMPK pathway,reducing lipid production and TG secretion in hepatocytes,thereby mitigating the advancement of NAFLD.CONCLUSION ILF3 promotes the evolution of NAFLD by inhibiting the expression of p-AMPK.The knockdown of ILF3 activates the AMPK signaling pathway,alleviating the severity of NAFLD.These findings underscore the function of ILF3 in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and demonstrate its viability as a treatment focus and diagnostic indicator.