A new metastable dual-phase Fe59 Cr13 Ni18 Al10 medium entropy alloy(MEA)with hierarchically heteroge-neous microstructure from micro-to nano-scale was designed in this work.Partially recrystallized FCC phase and lots...A new metastable dual-phase Fe59 Cr13 Ni18 Al10 medium entropy alloy(MEA)with hierarchically heteroge-neous microstructure from micro-to nano-scale was designed in this work.Partially recrystallized FCC phase and lots of NiAl-rich B2 precipitates are obtained by annealing and aging treatment.The yield strength of the MEA at room temperature(298 K)and liquid nitrogen temperature(77 K)increased from∼910 MPa and∼1250 MPa in the annealed state,respectively,to∼1145 MPa and∼1520 MPa in the aged state,while the uniform elongation maintained more than 15%.The excellent mechanical properties of the MEA both at 298 and 77 K are attributed to the co-activation of multiple strengthening mech-anisms,including fine grain,dislocation,precipitation,transformation-induced plasticity,stacking faults,and nano-twins.展开更多
Recently,high-and medium-entropy alloys(HEAs and MEAs) have been found to exhibit excellent cryogenic mechanical properties,but most of them contain high-priced Co element.Therefore,developing HEAs or MEAs with high s...Recently,high-and medium-entropy alloys(HEAs and MEAs) have been found to exhibit excellent cryogenic mechanical properties,but most of them contain high-priced Co element.Therefore,developing HEAs or MEAs with high strength and ductility and relatively low cost is urgent.In this work,novel Cofree Fex Mn(75-x) Ni(10)Cr(15)(x=50 and 55 at.%) MEAs were developed,which exhibit a good combination of low cost,high strength and ductility at cryogenic temperature.It was found that the Fe(50)Mn(25)Ni(10)Cr(15)MEA exhibits a combination of cryogenic tensile strength of^0.98 GPa and ductility of^83 %.The excellent cryogenic mechanical properties were attributed to joint of twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP) and transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) effects.The present study sheds light on developing low cost MEAs with high perfo rmance for cryogenic-tempe rature applications.展开更多
Various high entropy alloys(HEAs)with improved mechanical properties were developed by reducing the phase stability and then promote the phase transformation.The promotion of deformation-induced ma rtensitic transform...Various high entropy alloys(HEAs)with improved mechanical properties were developed by reducing the phase stability and then promote the phase transformation.The promotion of deformation-induced ma rtensitic transformation from face-centered cubic(fcc)to hexagonal close-packed(hcp)mostly focuses on overcoming the trade-off of strength-ductility of HEAs at room temperature.However,the hcp phase is brittle at cryogenic-temperature,and thus the enhancement of cryogenic ductility of these HEAs still remains a challenge.Here,we present a concept to toughening Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 HEAs at cryogenictemperature via retarding phase transformation.The retarded but more persistent phase transformation at high strain level was realized via tailoring the grain size.To further verify the effect of phase transformation rate on ductility of HEAs,the mechanical properties of Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 HEAs with higher stacking fault energy were tested at room and cryogenic temperature,respectively.The present study sheds light on developing high perfo rmance HEAs,especially for alloys with brittle phase transformation products.展开更多
1.Introduction The multi-component high entropy alloys(HEAs)or medium entropy alloys(MEAs)attract reseachers’extensive attention,in particular,the single-face center cubic(fcc)HEAs or MEAs due to their some advantage...1.Introduction The multi-component high entropy alloys(HEAs)or medium entropy alloys(MEAs)attract reseachers’extensive attention,in particular,the single-face center cubic(fcc)HEAs or MEAs due to their some advantages,such as excellent ductility[1,2],good corrosion resistance[3]and high radiation tolerance[4].However,their strength is commonly insufficient for engineering applica-tions.Recently,many investigations are ongoing to improve their strength by traditional strengthening mechanisms,like fine-grained strengthening[5,6],solid strengthening[6-8],strain strengthening[9],polyphase strengthening[10-12],and precipitation strength-ening[13-15].Among these strengthening mechanisms,the co-herent L12-type nanoparticles precipitation strengthening has been proven to be a very effective way to improve their strength[13-15].展开更多
Permafrost regions of Qilian Mountains in China are rich in gas hydrate resources.Once greenhouse gases in deep frozen layer are released into the atmosphere during hydrate mining,a series of negative consequences occ...Permafrost regions of Qilian Mountains in China are rich in gas hydrate resources.Once greenhouse gases in deep frozen layer are released into the atmosphere during hydrate mining,a series of negative consequences occur.This study aims to evaluate the impact of hydrate thermal exploitation on regional permafrost and carbon budgets based on a multi-physical field coupling simulation.The results indicate that the permeability of the frozen soil is anisotropic,and the low permeability frozen layer can seal the methane gas in the natural state.Heat injection mining of hydrates causes the continuous melting of permafrost and the escape of methane gas,which transforms the regional permafrost from a carbon sink to a carbon source.A higher injection temperature concentrates the heat and causes uneven melting of the upper frozen layer,which provides a dominant channel for methane gas and results in increased methane emissions.However,dense heat injection wells cause more uniform melting of the lower permafrost layer,and the melting zone does not extend to the upper low permeability formation,which cannot provide advantageous channels for methane gas.Therefore,a reasonable and dense number of heat injection wells can reduce the risk of greenhouse gas emissions during hydrate exploitation.展开更多
The microstructure and tensile properties of(Fe50Mn25Ni10Cr15)100-xAlx(x=0-8 at.%)medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)were investigated.It was found that the crystalline structure changes from face-centered c...The microstructure and tensile properties of(Fe50Mn25Ni10Cr15)100-xAlx(x=0-8 at.%)medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)were investigated.It was found that the crystalline structure changes from face-centered cubic(FCC)single phase to FCC+body-centered cubic(BCC)dual-phase with the increase of Al content.Therefore,the addition of Al elements with large atomic size could induce solid solution strengthening and dual-phase heterogeneous structure strengthening.Correspondingly,the present MEAs exhibit excellent combinations of yield strength,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and ductility both at 298 and 77 K.Among the MEAs,the(Fe50Mn25Ni10Cr15)95Al5 alloy has a remarkable combination of cryogenic UTS(1077 MPa)and ductility(~85%),and has lower raw material costs than the reported high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and MEAs.The correlation among microstructure and mechanical properties and the corresponding strengthening mechanism were clarified.展开更多
In this paper,the cooperative jobs dispatching problem in an edge computing network with multiple access points(APs)and edge servers is considered.Due to the uncertain traffic in the network between APs and edge serve...In this paper,the cooperative jobs dispatching problem in an edge computing network with multiple access points(APs)and edge servers is considered.Due to the uncertain traffic in the network between APs and edge servers,the job uploading delay can not be predicted accurately.Specifically,the job arrivals at the APs,the job uploading delay from APs to edge servers and the job computation time at the edge servers are all modeled as random variables.Since each job dispatching decision will affect the system state in the future,we formulate the joint optimization of jobs dispatching at all the APs and all the scheduling time slots as an infinite-horizon Markov decision process(MDP).The minimization objective is a discounted measurement of the average processing time per job,including the uploading delay,the waiting time and the computation time at the edge servers.In this problem,the approximate MDP should be adopted to address the curse of dimensionality.Conventional low-complexity approximate solution of MDP is usually hard to predict the performance analytically.In this paper,a novel approximate MDP solution framework is proposed via one-step policy iteration over a baseline policy,where the analytical performance bound can be obtained.Moreover,since the expression of the approximate value function is derived,the value iteration in conventional methods can be eliminated,which can essentially reduce the computation complexity.It is shown by simulations that the proposed low-complexity algorithm has significantly better performance than various benchmark schemes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52101053 and 52274399)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project(No.232102231025).
摘要A new metastable dual-phase Fe59 Cr13 Ni18 Al10 medium entropy alloy(MEA)with hierarchically heteroge-neous microstructure from micro-to nano-scale was designed in this work.Partially recrystallized FCC phase and lots of NiAl-rich B2 precipitates are obtained by annealing and aging treatment.The yield strength of the MEA at room temperature(298 K)and liquid nitrogen temperature(77 K)increased from∼910 MPa and∼1250 MPa in the annealed state,respectively,to∼1145 MPa and∼1520 MPa in the aged state,while the uniform elongation maintained more than 15%.The excellent mechanical properties of the MEA both at 298 and 77 K are attributed to the co-activation of multiple strengthening mech-anisms,including fine grain,dislocation,precipitation,transformation-induced plasticity,stacking faults,and nano-twins.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. U1832203, 11975202, U1704159 and 51701183)the Key Research & Development and Promotion of Special Project of Henan Province (Science & Technology) (No. 192102210006)。
摘要Recently,high-and medium-entropy alloys(HEAs and MEAs) have been found to exhibit excellent cryogenic mechanical properties,but most of them contain high-priced Co element.Therefore,developing HEAs or MEAs with high strength and ductility and relatively low cost is urgent.In this work,novel Cofree Fex Mn(75-x) Ni(10)Cr(15)(x=50 and 55 at.%) MEAs were developed,which exhibit a good combination of low cost,high strength and ductility at cryogenic temperature.It was found that the Fe(50)Mn(25)Ni(10)Cr(15)MEA exhibits a combination of cryogenic tensile strength of^0.98 GPa and ductility of^83 %.The excellent cryogenic mechanical properties were attributed to joint of twinning-induced plasticity(TWIP) and transformation-induced plasticity(TRIP) effects.The present study sheds light on developing low cost MEAs with high perfo rmance for cryogenic-tempe rature applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1832203,11975202,U1704159 and 51701183)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M630834)。
摘要Various high entropy alloys(HEAs)with improved mechanical properties were developed by reducing the phase stability and then promote the phase transformation.The promotion of deformation-induced ma rtensitic transformation from face-centered cubic(fcc)to hexagonal close-packed(hcp)mostly focuses on overcoming the trade-off of strength-ductility of HEAs at room temperature.However,the hcp phase is brittle at cryogenic-temperature,and thus the enhancement of cryogenic ductility of these HEAs still remains a challenge.Here,we present a concept to toughening Fe50Mn30Co10Cr10 HEAs at cryogenictemperature via retarding phase transformation.The retarded but more persistent phase transformation at high strain level was realized via tailoring the grain size.To further verify the effect of phase transformation rate on ductility of HEAs,the mechanical properties of Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 HEAs with higher stacking fault energy were tested at room and cryogenic temperature,respectively.The present study sheds light on developing high perfo rmance HEAs,especially for alloys with brittle phase transformation products.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Nos.51501147,52074219)Key Research and Development Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No 2022GY-389)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NPU(No.SKLSP202007)State Key Lab of Advanced Metals and Materials(No.2022-Z14)Beilin District Science and Technology Plan Project(No.GX2249).
摘要1.Introduction The multi-component high entropy alloys(HEAs)or medium entropy alloys(MEAs)attract reseachers’extensive attention,in particular,the single-face center cubic(fcc)HEAs or MEAs due to their some advantages,such as excellent ductility[1,2],good corrosion resistance[3]and high radiation tolerance[4].However,their strength is commonly insufficient for engineering applica-tions.Recently,many investigations are ongoing to improve their strength by traditional strengthening mechanisms,like fine-grained strengthening[5,6],solid strengthening[6-8],strain strengthening[9],polyphase strengthening[10-12],and precipitation strength-ening[13-15].Among these strengthening mechanisms,the co-herent L12-type nanoparticles precipitation strengthening has been proven to be a very effective way to improve their strength[13-15].
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK0904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42107190,41972287 and 42277144)。
摘要Permafrost regions of Qilian Mountains in China are rich in gas hydrate resources.Once greenhouse gases in deep frozen layer are released into the atmosphere during hydrate mining,a series of negative consequences occur.This study aims to evaluate the impact of hydrate thermal exploitation on regional permafrost and carbon budgets based on a multi-physical field coupling simulation.The results indicate that the permeability of the frozen soil is anisotropic,and the low permeability frozen layer can seal the methane gas in the natural state.Heat injection mining of hydrates causes the continuous melting of permafrost and the escape of methane gas,which transforms the regional permafrost from a carbon sink to a carbon source.A higher injection temperature concentrates the heat and causes uneven melting of the upper frozen layer,which provides a dominant channel for methane gas and results in increased methane emissions.However,dense heat injection wells cause more uniform melting of the lower permafrost layer,and the melting zone does not extend to the upper low permeability formation,which cannot provide advantageous channels for methane gas.Therefore,a reasonable and dense number of heat injection wells can reduce the risk of greenhouse gas emissions during hydrate exploitation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U1704159 and 51701183)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M630834)supported by Center for Modern Analysis and Gene Sequencing of Zhengzhou University。
摘要The microstructure and tensile properties of(Fe50Mn25Ni10Cr15)100-xAlx(x=0-8 at.%)medium-entropy alloys(MEAs)were investigated.It was found that the crystalline structure changes from face-centered cubic(FCC)single phase to FCC+body-centered cubic(BCC)dual-phase with the increase of Al content.Therefore,the addition of Al elements with large atomic size could induce solid solution strengthening and dual-phase heterogeneous structure strengthening.Correspondingly,the present MEAs exhibit excellent combinations of yield strength,ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and ductility both at 298 and 77 K.Among the MEAs,the(Fe50Mn25Ni10Cr15)95Al5 alloy has a remarkable combination of cryogenic UTS(1077 MPa)and ductility(~85%),and has lower raw material costs than the reported high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and MEAs.The correlation among microstructure and mechanical properties and the corresponding strengthening mechanism were clarified.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61771232).
摘要In this paper,the cooperative jobs dispatching problem in an edge computing network with multiple access points(APs)and edge servers is considered.Due to the uncertain traffic in the network between APs and edge servers,the job uploading delay can not be predicted accurately.Specifically,the job arrivals at the APs,the job uploading delay from APs to edge servers and the job computation time at the edge servers are all modeled as random variables.Since each job dispatching decision will affect the system state in the future,we formulate the joint optimization of jobs dispatching at all the APs and all the scheduling time slots as an infinite-horizon Markov decision process(MDP).The minimization objective is a discounted measurement of the average processing time per job,including the uploading delay,the waiting time and the computation time at the edge servers.In this problem,the approximate MDP should be adopted to address the curse of dimensionality.Conventional low-complexity approximate solution of MDP is usually hard to predict the performance analytically.In this paper,a novel approximate MDP solution framework is proposed via one-step policy iteration over a baseline policy,where the analytical performance bound can be obtained.Moreover,since the expression of the approximate value function is derived,the value iteration in conventional methods can be eliminated,which can essentially reduce the computation complexity.It is shown by simulations that the proposed low-complexity algorithm has significantly better performance than various benchmark schemes.