Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with ...Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.展开更多
In the realm of composite materials,the machining accuracy of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)circular cell honeycombs plays a critical role in determining the performance of sandwich components.However,due to th...In the realm of composite materials,the machining accuracy of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)circular cell honeycombs plays a critical role in determining the performance of sandwich components.However,due to the discontinuous nature and relatively weak stiffness characteristics of this material,achieving precise control over the complicate surface profile accuracy becomes a tough task,often accompanied by the problem of low processing efficiency.This study proposes a novel topological hierarchy-based toolpath strategy specifically designed for the grinding process,combined with compensating CFRP circular cell honeycomb surfaces.The proposed methodology involves sequentially processing each circular cell,wherein those cells are treated as discrete units arranged within a two-dimensional plane.To enhance the surface profile accuracy of the workpiece while maintaining high processing efficiency,a compensatory machining approach has been employed.Based on this approach,algorithms for the extraction of the discontinuous compensatory machining regions have been subsequently developed.Consequently,an optimized toolpath and a serialized machining process has been established,enabling the efficient and high accuracy grinding of the CFRP circular cell honeycombs.Experimental verifications demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a significant improvement in machining efficiency and successfully confines the surface profile error within a tolerance of 20μm.Additionally,the peak-to-valley on crosssection lines after compensatory machining decreases from 0.20 to 0.05 mm.Overall,this innovative method presents a practical solution for the fabrication of large-scale honeycomb sandwich components,thereby making significant contributions to the field of advanced composite material machining.展开更多
SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites(SiCf/SiC composites)are difficult to drill small holes due to their heterogeneity,high hardness,and low electrical conductivity.In order to solve the difficulties of poor quali...SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites(SiCf/SiC composites)are difficult to drill small holes due to their heterogeneity,high hardness,and low electrical conductivity.In order to solve the difficulties of poor quality and low efficiency when drilling small holes,a novel femtosecond laser rotary drilling(FLRD)technique is proposed.Beam kinematic paths and experimental studies were carried out to analyze the effects of processing parameters on the drilling results in the two-step drilling process.In the through-hole drilling stage,the material removal rate increases with increasing laser power,decreasing feed speed and decreasing pitch.As for the finishing stage of drilling,the exit diameter increased with increasing laser power and decreasing feed speed.The drilling parameters were selected by taking the processing efficiency of through-hole and the quality of finished hole as the constraint criteria.Holes with a diameter of 500μm were drilled using FLRD in 3 mm thick SiCf/SiC composites with a drilling time<150 s.The hole aspect ratio was 6,the taper<0.2°,and there was no significant thermal damage at the orifice or the wall of the hole.The FLRD provides a solution for precision machining of small holes in difficult-to-machine materials by offering the advantages of high processing quality and short drilling times.展开更多
Workpiece rotational grinding is widely used in the ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle semiconductor materials,including single-crystal silicon,silicon carbide,and gallium arsenide.Surface roughness and sub...Workpiece rotational grinding is widely used in the ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle semiconductor materials,including single-crystal silicon,silicon carbide,and gallium arsenide.Surface roughness and subsurface damage depth(SDD)are crucial indicators for evaluating the surface quality of these materials after grinding.Existing prediction models lack general applicability and do not accurately account for the complex material behavior under grinding conditions.This paper introduces novel models for predicting both surface roughness and SDD in hard and brittle semiconductor materials.The surface roughness model uniquely incorporates the material’s elastic recovery properties,revealing the significant impact of these properties on prediction accuracy.The SDD model is distinguished by its analysis of the interactions between abrasive grits and the workpiece,as well as the mechanisms governing stress-induced damage evolution.The surface roughness model and SDD model both establish a stable relationship with the grit depth of cut(GDC).Additionally,we have developed an analytical relationship between the GDC and grinding process parameters.This,in turn,enables the establishment of an analytical framework for predicting surface roughness and SDD based on grinding process parameters,which cannot be achieved by previous models.The models were validated through systematic experiments on three different semiconductor materials,demonstrating excellent agreement with experimental data,with prediction errors of 6.3%for surface roughness and6.9%for SDD.Additionally,this study identifies variations in elastic recovery and material plasticity as critical factors influencing surface roughness and SDD across different materials.These findings significantly advance the accuracy of predictive models and broaden their applicability for grinding hard and brittle semiconductor materials.展开更多
Fatigue properties are crucial for critical aero-engine components in extreme serviceenvironments,which are significantly affected by surface integrity(SI)indexes(especially surface topography,residual stressσres,...Fatigue properties are crucial for critical aero-engine components in extreme serviceenvironments,which are significantly affected by surface integrity(SI)indexes(especially surface topography,residual stressσres,and microhardness)after machining processes.Normal-direction ultrasonic vibration-assisted face grinding(ND-UVAFG)has advantages in improving the machinability of Inconel 718,but there is a competitive relationship between higher compressiveσresand higher surface roughness Rain affecting fatigue strength.The lack of a quantitative relationship between multiple SI indexes and fatigue strength makes theindeterminacy of a regulatory strategy for improving fatigue properties.In this work,a model of fatigue strength(σ_f)surconsidering multiple SI indexes was developed.Then,high-cycle fatigue tests were carried out on Inconel 718 samples with different SI characteristics,and the influence of ND-UVAFG process parameters on SI was analyzed.Based on SI indexes data,the(σ_f)surdistribution in the grinding surface layer for ND-UVAFG Inconel 718 samples was determined using the developed model,and then the fatigue crack initiation(FCI)sites were furtherpredicted.The predicted FCI sites corresponded well with the experimental results,therebyverifying this model.A strategy for improving the fatigue life was proposed in this work,which was to transfer the fatigue source from the machined surface to the bulk material by controlling the SI indexes.Finally,a critical condition of SI indexes that FCI sites appeared on the surface or in bulk material was given by fitting the predicted results.According to the critical condition,an SI field where FCI sites appeared in the bulk material could be obtained.In this field,thefatigue life of Inconel 718 samples could be improved by approximately 140%.展开更多
Laser ablation is an important process during Laser-Assisted Grinding(LAG)of hard and brittle materials.To realize controllable material removal during laser ablation of RB-SiC composites,ablation experiments under di...Laser ablation is an important process during Laser-Assisted Grinding(LAG)of hard and brittle materials.To realize controllable material removal during laser ablation of RB-SiC composites,ablation experiments under different Laser Energy Density(LAED)and LAG experiments are conducted.Evolution rules and mechanism of physical phase,ablation morphology and crack characteristics caused by laser irradiation are investigated.The forces of LAG and Conventional Grinding(CG)are compared.The results show that ablation surface changes from slight oxidation to obvious material removal with LAED increasing,and ablation depth increases gradually.The ablation products change from submicron SiO2particles to nanoscale particles and floccule.High LAED promotes SiC decomposition and sublimation,which leads to the increase of C element.The SiC phase forms corrugated shape in recast layer and columnar shape in Heat Affected Zone(HAZ)at 56 J/mm2.The cold and heat cycle leads to formation of fishbone crack.For ablation specimen under 30 J/mm2,the grinding force can be reduced by a maximum of 39%and brittle damage region is reduced.The material removal and microcrack generated will significantly reduce the hardness and improve machinability,which can promote grinding efficiency.展开更多
Working performances of the components made out of 49Fe-49Co-2V alloy are closely related to the surface integrity of the drilled holes,which are influenced remarkably by the cooling conditions.The present study focus...Working performances of the components made out of 49Fe-49Co-2V alloy are closely related to the surface integrity of the drilled holes,which are influenced remarkably by the cooling conditions.The present study focuses on the surface integrity differences between wet and dry drilled 49Fe-49Co-2V alloy holes.The drilled hole surface roughness and topographies,metallurgical and mechanical properties,and the exit characterizations were obtained using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction microscopy(EBSD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and Vickers hardness techniques,etc.The effects of cooling conditions on the surface integrity were concluded and the influence mechanisms were analyzed based on the force and temperature differences in drilling process with different cooling conditions.It is found that the surface roughness and the thickness of refined-grain region of the dry drilled holes are larger than those of wet drilled holes;work hardening induced by wet drilling is more serious than dry drilling;chippings occurred in the exits of the wet drilled holes due to the material brittleness,which could be avoided by dry drilling.The surface integrity differences of wet and dry drilled holes are closely related to the force and temperature differences in drilling process with different cooling conditions.展开更多
The Ti6Al4V parts produced by the existing selective laser melting(SLM)are mainly confronted with poor surface finish and inevitable interior defects,which substantially deteriorates the mechanical properties and perf...The Ti6Al4V parts produced by the existing selective laser melting(SLM)are mainly confronted with poor surface finish and inevitable interior defects,which substantially deteriorates the mechanical properties and performances of the parts.In this regard,ultrasonically-assisted machining(UAM)technique is commonly introduced to improve the machining quality due to its merits in increasing tool life and reducing cutting force.However,most of the previous studies focus on the performance of UAM with ultrasonic vibrations applied in the tangential and feed directions,whereas few of them on the impact of ultrasonic vibration along the vertical direction.In this study,the effects of feed rate on surface integrity in ultrasonically-assisted vertical milling(UAVM)of the Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured by SLM were systemically investigated compared with the conventional machining(CM)method.The results revealed that the milling forces in UAVM showed a lower amplitude than that in CM due to the intermittent cutting style.The surface roughness values of the parts produced by UAVM were generally greater than that by CM owing to the extra sinusoidal vibration textures induced by the milling cutter.Moreover,the extra vertical ultrasonic vibration in UAVM was beneficial to suppressing machining chatter.As feed rate increased,surface microhardness and thickness of the plastic deformation zone in CM raised due to more intensive plastic deformation,while these two material properties in UAVM were reduced owing to the mitigated impact effect by the high-frequency vibration of the milling cutter.Therefore,the improved surface microhardness and reduced thickness of the subsurface deformation layer in UAVM were ascribed to the vertical high-frequency impact of the milling cutter in UAVM.In general,the results of this study provided an in-depth understanding in UAVM of Ti6Al4V parts manufactured by SLM.展开更多
Cf/SiC composites are characterized as anisotropic,heterogeneous,brittle,and hard materials.The process of manufacturing Cf/SiC composites using traditional machining techniques is prone to edge chipping damage ...Cf/SiC composites are characterized as anisotropic,heterogeneous,brittle,and hard materials.The process of manufacturing Cf/SiC composites using traditional machining techniques is prone to edge chipping damage and tool wear,which makes it difficult to meet the machining quality and machining accuracy.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the milling characteristics and damage assessment during ultrasonic vibration-assisted end milling(UVAEM)of Cf/SiC composites.Firstly,UVAEM experiments on Cf/SiC composites were carried out at different ultrasonic amplitudes and comparative experiments with conventional milling(CM).In addition,tool wear,surface roughness,surface micromorphology,milling force and subsurface damage(SSD)were measured and analysed.Finally,the SSD factors of Cf/SiC composites were established to quantify machining damage,and analyzed the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on SSD.Furthermore,the formation mechanism of SSD was investigated and discussed.The findings indicate that appropriate ultrasonic amplitude improves the surface quality by UVAEM,while excessive amplitude deteriorates the surface quality.During the UVAEM,micro/macro brittle fracture of the fibers on the surface occurs,leading to machining defects such as fiber breakage,fiber-interface debonding and pits.The milling force gradually decreases with the increase of ultrasonic amplitude.On the other hand,the forms of SSD in CM and UVAEM are mainly fiber pullout,subsurface crack,crack extension and machining pits.Matrix cracking and fiber pullout in SSD were affected by fiber orientation.Moreover,the introduction of ultrasonic vibration plays a significant contribution in the inhibition of the SSD in Cf/SiC composites.展开更多
Gallium nitride(GaN),owing to its excellent properties,has emerged as a promising material for wide range of applications.However,due to the high hardness and outstanding chemical stability of GaN,the efficiency of it...Gallium nitride(GaN),owing to its excellent properties,has emerged as a promising material for wide range of applications.However,due to the high hardness and outstanding chemical stability of GaN,the efficiency of its chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)is relatively low.Photoelectrochemical mechanical polishing(PECMP)has emerged as a highly effective technique for GaN polishing.However,the development of appropriate slurry for PECMP remains a pressing issue,as achieving an optimal balance among electrical conductivity,transmittance,and particle stability is particularly challenging.This research delves into novel slurry designed for GaN PECMP.A systematic investigation is conducted to explore the impact of electrolyte type,concentration,temperature and pH on the performance of the slurry,and conducted PECMP test to evaluate performance of silica sol mixed electrolyte in PECMP.Results indicate that among the electrolytes tested,monovalent cations,particularly in the case of 0.2 M Li2SO4 provided a favorable balance,enhancing conductivity considerably while largely maintaining high UV transmittance and particle dispersion stability over the experimental period.In contrast,divalent cations induce severe aggregation,degrading polishing performance.pH experiment reveals the stability of silica sol arises from the synergistic interplay of surface electrical properties,electrolyte characteristics,and the intrinsic chemical stability of the material PECMP test confirms that aggregated particles from unstable slurries cause surface scratches and pits.Under optimized conditions(0.2 M Li2SO4,20 nm silica at 5 wt%),the slurry achieved a surface finish with Sa 0.292 nm.These results provide profound insights for the design of advanced PECMP slurries and make a significant contribution to the continuous development of GaN wafer manufacturing technology.展开更多
In this paper,seven Metschnikowia pulcherrima strains were isolated from different origins and evaluated for fermentation-related enzyme activities and fermentation characteristics using simulated grape juice.The impa...In this paper,seven Metschnikowia pulcherrima strains were isolated from different origins and evaluated for fermentation-related enzyme activities and fermentation characteristics using simulated grape juice.The impact of these strains on Viognier wines fermentation was further evaluated by analyzing their fermentation kinetics,enological parameters and untargeted metabolomics.Results showed that WG6 and WG13 strains had relatively highβ-glucosidase,esterase,pectinase and protease activities.All M.pulcherrima had a low utilization of fructose compared to S.cerevisiae and that fermentation alone produced lactic acid but not acetic acid.In Viognier wines,the co-fermentation of all M.pulcherrima with S.cerevisiae resulted in higher concentrations of volatiles but lower concentrations of volatile fatty acids.In particular,WG13 strain enhanced to the maximum concentration of volatiles,including the elevation of higher alcohols,acids and esters,while WG6 strain not only enhanced the aroma by elevating the concentration of acetic acid esters and fatty acid esters,but also the taste.Metabolomics revealed that WG6 strain significantly increased the content of L-phenylalanine,fatty acids and dipeptides in co-fermented wines.Thus,co-fermented wines with WG6 strain and S.cerevisiae achieved the best sensory evalu-ation through a relatively balanced increase in beneficial volatile and non-volatile substances.This research provides a theoretical basis for the synergistic effect of aroma and taste.展开更多
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are extremely attractive in the manufacturing of structural and functional components in the aircraft manufacturing field due to their outstanding properties, such as ...Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are extremely attractive in the manufacturing of structural and functional components in the aircraft manufacturing field due to their outstanding properties, such as good fatigue resistance, high specific stiffness/strength, and good shock absorption. However, because of their inherent anisotropy, low interlamination strength, and abrasive characteristics, CFRP composites are considered difficult-to-cut materials and are prone to generating serious hole defects, such as delamination, tearing, and burrs. The advanced longitudinal–torsional coupled ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling (LTC-UAD) method has a potential application for drilling CFRP composites. At present, LTC-UAD is mainly adopted for drilling metal materials and rarely for CFRP. Therefore, this study analyzes the kinematic characteristics and the influence of feed rate on the drilling performance of LTC-UAD. Experimental results indicate that LTC-UAD can reduce the thrust force by 39% compared to conventional drilling. Furthermore, LTC-UAD can decrease the delamination and burr factors and improve the surface quality of the hole wall. Thus, LTC-UAD is an applicable process method for drilling components made with CFRP composites.展开更多
Ultrasonic cutting with a disc cutter is an advanced machining method for the high-quality processing of Nomex honeycomb core.The machining quality is influenced by ultrasonic cutting parameters,as well as tool orient...Ultrasonic cutting with a disc cutter is an advanced machining method for the high-quality processing of Nomex honeycomb core.The machining quality is influenced by ultrasonic cutting parameters,as well as tool orientations,which are determined by the multi-axis machining requirements and the angle control of the cutting system.However,in existing research,the effect of the disc cutter orientation on the machining quality has not been studied in depth,and practical guidance for the use of disc cutters is lacking.In this work,the inclined ultrasonic cutting process with a disc cutter was analyzed,and cutting experiments with different inclination angles were conducted.The theoretical residual height models of the honeycomb core,as a result of the lead and tilt angles,were established and verified with the results obtained by a linear laser displacement sensor.Research shows that the residual height of the honeycomb core,as a result of the tilt angle,is much larger than that as a result of the lead angle.Furthermore,the tearing of the cell wall on the machined surface was observed,and the effects of the ultrasonic vibration,lead angle,and tilt angle on the tear rate and tear length of the cell wall were studied.Experimental results revealed that ultrasonic vibration can effectively decrease the tearing of the cell wall and improve the machining quality.Changes in the tilt angle have less effect than changes in the lead angle on the tearing of the cell wall.The determination of inclination angles should consider the actual processing requirements for the residual height and the machining quality of the cell wall.This study investigates the influence of the inclination angles of a disc cutter on the machining quality of Nomex honeycomb core in ultrasonic cutting and provides guidelines for machining.展开更多
Nanoscale surface roughness of tungsten heavy alloy components is required in the nuclear industry and precision instruments.In this study,a high-performance ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting(UEVC)system is deve...Nanoscale surface roughness of tungsten heavy alloy components is required in the nuclear industry and precision instruments.In this study,a high-performance ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting(UEVC)system is developed to solve the precision machining problem of tungsten heavy alloy.A new design method of stepped bending vibration horn based on Timoshenko’s theory is first proposed,and its design process is greatly simplified.The arrangement and working principle of piezoelectric transducers on the ultrasonic vibrator using the fifth resonant mode of bending are analyzed to realize the dual-bending vibration modes.A cutting tool is installed at the end of the ultrasonic vibration unit to output the ultrasonic elliptical vibration locus,which is verified by finite element method.The vibration unit can display different three-degree-of-freedom(3-DOF)UEVC characteristics by adjusting the corresponding position of the unit and workpiece.A dual-channel ultrasonic power supply is developed to excite the ultrasonic vibration unit,which makes the UEVC system present the resonant frequency of 41 kHz and the maximum amplitude of 14.2μm.Different microtopography and surface roughness are obtained by the cutting experiments of tungsten heavy alloy hemispherical workpiece with the UEVC system,which validates the proposed design’s technical capability and provides optimization basis for further improving the machining quality of the curved surface components of tungsten heavy alloy.展开更多
Taping is often used to protect patterned wafers and reduce fragmentation during backgrinding of silicon wafers.Grinding experiments using coarse and fine resinbond diamond grinding wheels were performed on silicon wa...Taping is often used to protect patterned wafers and reduce fragmentation during backgrinding of silicon wafers.Grinding experiments using coarse and fine resinbond diamond grinding wheels were performed on silicon wafers with tapes of different thicknesses to investigate the effects of taping on peak-to-valley(PV),surface roughness,and subsurface damage of silicon wafers after grinding.Results showed that taping in backgrinding could provide effective protection for ground wafers from breakage.However,the PV value,surface roughness,and subsurface damage of silicon wafers with taping deteriorated compared with those without taping although the deterioration extents were very limited.The PV value of silicon wafers with taping decreased with increasing mesh size of the grinding wheel and the final thickness.The surface roughness and subsurface damage of silicon wafers with taping decreased with increasing mesh size of grinding wheel but was not affected by removal thickness.We hope the experimental finding could help fully understand the role of taping in backgrinding.展开更多
When ultrasonically cutting honeycomb core curved parts,the tool face of the straight blade must be along the curved surface’s tangent direction at all times to ensure high-quality machining of the curved surface.How...When ultrasonically cutting honeycomb core curved parts,the tool face of the straight blade must be along the curved surface’s tangent direction at all times to ensure high-quality machining of the curved surface.However,given that the straight blade is a nonstandard tool,the existing computer-aided manufacturing technology cannot directly realize the above action requirement.To solve this problem,this paper proposed an algorithm for extracting a straight blade real-time tool face vector from a 5-axis milling automatically programmed tool location file,which can realize the tool location point and tool axis vector conversion from the flat end mill to the straight blade.At the same time,for the multi-solution problem of the rotation axis,the dependent axis rotation minimization algorithm was introduced,and the spindle rotation algorithm was proposed for the tool edge orientation problem when the straight blade is used to machine the curved part.Finally,on the basis of the MATLAB platform,the dependent axis rotation minimization algorithm and spindle rotation algorithm were integrated and compiled,and the straight blade ultrasonic cutting honeycomb core postprocessor was then developed.The model of the machine tool and the definition of the straight blade were conducted in the VERICUT simulation software,and the simulation machining of the equivalent entity of the honeycomb core can then be realized.The correctness of the numerical control program generated by the postprocessor was verified by machining and accuracy testing of the two designed features.Observation and analysis of the simulation and experiment indicate that the tool pose is the same under each working condition,and the workpieces obtained by machining also meet the corresponding accuracy requirements.Therefore,the postprocessor developed in this paper can be well adapted to the honeycomb core ultrasonic cutting machine tool and realize high-quality and high-efficient machining of honeycomb core composites.展开更多
In this study,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains with excellent characteristics were isolated and characterized from Chinese traditional pickled vegetable samples and applied to the long-term fermentation of Cabern...In this study,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains with excellent characteristics were isolated and characterized from Chinese traditional pickled vegetable samples and applied to the long-term fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon whole grape juice for revealing the changes in physicochemical properties,antioxidant properties,and metabolic profiles of optimal strain fermentation during the fermentation process.The results showed that the isolated SC9-1,SCY9-1 and XC6-1 strains possessed strong acid and salt tolerance,as well as relatively high antibacterial capacity.The fermentation liquid of these three L.plantarum,especially XC6-1,showed the highest polyphenol content and the most excellent antioxidant properties at 48 h of fermentation.However,extending the fermentation time to 30 days significantly enhanced the volatile compounds content in the fermentation liquid and thus improved the fermentation aroma,but continuing to extend the fermentation time did not further increase the content of the pleasing volatiles.In addition,after the fermentation time was extended to 70 days,there was a gradual increase in up-and down-regulated differential metabolites,such as down-regulated amino acids,up-regulated fatty acids and nucleotide metabolites except guanine,and up-and down-cycled organic acids and phenolic compounds.Therefore,during fermentation of L.plantarum,the choice of fermentation time was related to the level of active compound content in the fermentation product,which in turn affected the flavor quality of the final product as well as the composition and concentration of metabolites.This research will establish a basis for comprehensively understanding the dynamic changes in metabolites of L.plantarum during long-term fermentation,and provide novel insights for utilizing L.plantarum to create uniquely flavored functional foods or beverages.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52325506)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB501)。
摘要Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52305450)。
摘要In the realm of composite materials,the machining accuracy of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP)circular cell honeycombs plays a critical role in determining the performance of sandwich components.However,due to the discontinuous nature and relatively weak stiffness characteristics of this material,achieving precise control over the complicate surface profile accuracy becomes a tough task,often accompanied by the problem of low processing efficiency.This study proposes a novel topological hierarchy-based toolpath strategy specifically designed for the grinding process,combined with compensating CFRP circular cell honeycomb surfaces.The proposed methodology involves sequentially processing each circular cell,wherein those cells are treated as discrete units arranged within a two-dimensional plane.To enhance the surface profile accuracy of the workpiece while maintaining high processing efficiency,a compensatory machining approach has been employed.Based on this approach,algorithms for the extraction of the discontinuous compensatory machining regions have been subsequently developed.Consequently,an optimized toolpath and a serialized machining process has been established,enabling the efficient and high accuracy grinding of the CFRP circular cell honeycombs.Experimental verifications demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a significant improvement in machining efficiency and successfully confines the surface profile error within a tolerance of 20μm.Additionally,the peak-to-valley on crosssection lines after compensatory machining decreases from 0.20 to 0.05 mm.Overall,this innovative method presents a practical solution for the fabrication of large-scale honeycomb sandwich components,thereby making significant contributions to the field of advanced composite material machining.
基金the support of the Xingliao Talent Program of Liaoning Province(No.XLYC2001004)the High Level Talents Innovation Plan of Dalian(No.2020RD02)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB501).
摘要SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites(SiCf/SiC composites)are difficult to drill small holes due to their heterogeneity,high hardness,and low electrical conductivity.In order to solve the difficulties of poor quality and low efficiency when drilling small holes,a novel femtosecond laser rotary drilling(FLRD)technique is proposed.Beam kinematic paths and experimental studies were carried out to analyze the effects of processing parameters on the drilling results in the two-step drilling process.In the through-hole drilling stage,the material removal rate increases with increasing laser power,decreasing feed speed and decreasing pitch.As for the finishing stage of drilling,the exit diameter increased with increasing laser power and decreasing feed speed.The drilling parameters were selected by taking the processing efficiency of through-hole and the quality of finished hole as the constraint criteria.Holes with a diameter of 500μm were drilled using FLRD in 3 mm thick SiCf/SiC composites with a drilling time<150 s.The hole aspect ratio was 6,the taper<0.2°,and there was no significant thermal damage at the orifice or the wall of the hole.The FLRD provides a solution for precision machining of small holes in difficult-to-machine materials by offering the advantages of high processing quality and short drilling times.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3605902)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375411,52293402)。
摘要Workpiece rotational grinding is widely used in the ultra-precision machining of hard and brittle semiconductor materials,including single-crystal silicon,silicon carbide,and gallium arsenide.Surface roughness and subsurface damage depth(SDD)are crucial indicators for evaluating the surface quality of these materials after grinding.Existing prediction models lack general applicability and do not accurately account for the complex material behavior under grinding conditions.This paper introduces novel models for predicting both surface roughness and SDD in hard and brittle semiconductor materials.The surface roughness model uniquely incorporates the material’s elastic recovery properties,revealing the significant impact of these properties on prediction accuracy.The SDD model is distinguished by its analysis of the interactions between abrasive grits and the workpiece,as well as the mechanisms governing stress-induced damage evolution.The surface roughness model and SDD model both establish a stable relationship with the grit depth of cut(GDC).Additionally,we have developed an analytical relationship between the GDC and grinding process parameters.This,in turn,enables the establishment of an analytical framework for predicting surface roughness and SDD based on grinding process parameters,which cannot be achieved by previous models.The models were validated through systematic experiments on three different semiconductor materials,demonstrating excellent agreement with experimental data,with prediction errors of 6.3%for surface roughness and6.9%for SDD.Additionally,this study identifies variations in elastic recovery and material plasticity as critical factors influencing surface roughness and SDD across different materials.These findings significantly advance the accuracy of predictive models and broaden their applicability for grinding hard and brittle semiconductor materials.
基金support from the National Science Fund of China(52325506)the National Science and Technology Major Project(2017-VII-0002-0095)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT22LAB501)。
摘要Fatigue properties are crucial for critical aero-engine components in extreme serviceenvironments,which are significantly affected by surface integrity(SI)indexes(especially surface topography,residual stressσres,and microhardness)after machining processes.Normal-direction ultrasonic vibration-assisted face grinding(ND-UVAFG)has advantages in improving the machinability of Inconel 718,but there is a competitive relationship between higher compressiveσresand higher surface roughness Rain affecting fatigue strength.The lack of a quantitative relationship between multiple SI indexes and fatigue strength makes theindeterminacy of a regulatory strategy for improving fatigue properties.In this work,a model of fatigue strength(σ_f)surconsidering multiple SI indexes was developed.Then,high-cycle fatigue tests were carried out on Inconel 718 samples with different SI characteristics,and the influence of ND-UVAFG process parameters on SI was analyzed.Based on SI indexes data,the(σ_f)surdistribution in the grinding surface layer for ND-UVAFG Inconel 718 samples was determined using the developed model,and then the fatigue crack initiation(FCI)sites were furtherpredicted.The predicted FCI sites corresponded well with the experimental results,therebyverifying this model.A strategy for improving the fatigue life was proposed in this work,which was to transfer the fatigue source from the machined surface to the bulk material by controlling the SI indexes.Finally,a critical condition of SI indexes that FCI sites appeared on the surface or in bulk material was given by fitting the predicted results.According to the critical condition,an SI field where FCI sites appeared in the bulk material could be obtained.In this field,thefatigue life of Inconel 718 samples could be improved by approximately 140%.
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.DUT21GF403,DUT22YG210,DUT22LAB117)the High Level Talents Innovation Plan of Dalian,China(No.2020RD02)financial support from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission Project,China(No.JSGG20210420091802007)。
摘要Laser ablation is an important process during Laser-Assisted Grinding(LAG)of hard and brittle materials.To realize controllable material removal during laser ablation of RB-SiC composites,ablation experiments under different Laser Energy Density(LAED)and LAG experiments are conducted.Evolution rules and mechanism of physical phase,ablation morphology and crack characteristics caused by laser irradiation are investigated.The forces of LAG and Conventional Grinding(CG)are compared.The results show that ablation surface changes from slight oxidation to obvious material removal with LAED increasing,and ablation depth increases gradually.The ablation products change from submicron SiO2particles to nanoscale particles and floccule.High LAED promotes SiC decomposition and sublimation,which leads to the increase of C element.The SiC phase forms corrugated shape in recast layer and columnar shape in Heat Affected Zone(HAZ)at 56 J/mm2.The cold and heat cycle leads to formation of fishbone crack.For ablation specimen under 30 J/mm2,the grinding force can be reduced by a maximum of 39%and brittle damage region is reduced.The material removal and microcrack generated will significantly reduce the hardness and improve machinability,which can promote grinding efficiency.
基金co-supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2017-Ⅶ-0002-0095)the Science Challenge Project (No. TZ2018006-0101-01)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M661090)
摘要Working performances of the components made out of 49Fe-49Co-2V alloy are closely related to the surface integrity of the drilled holes,which are influenced remarkably by the cooling conditions.The present study focuses on the surface integrity differences between wet and dry drilled 49Fe-49Co-2V alloy holes.The drilled hole surface roughness and topographies,metallurgical and mechanical properties,and the exit characterizations were obtained using optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron backscatter diffraction microscopy(EBSD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)and Vickers hardness techniques,etc.The effects of cooling conditions on the surface integrity were concluded and the influence mechanisms were analyzed based on the force and temperature differences in drilling process with different cooling conditions.It is found that the surface roughness and the thickness of refined-grain region of the dry drilled holes are larger than those of wet drilled holes;work hardening induced by wet drilling is more serious than dry drilling;chippings occurred in the exits of the wet drilled holes due to the material brittleness,which could be avoided by dry drilling.The surface integrity differences of wet and dry drilled holes are closely related to the force and temperature differences in drilling process with different cooling conditions.
基金Supported by Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Commission of China(Grant Nos.Y01336107,GJHZ20180411143506667,JCYJ20170817111811303).
摘要The Ti6Al4V parts produced by the existing selective laser melting(SLM)are mainly confronted with poor surface finish and inevitable interior defects,which substantially deteriorates the mechanical properties and performances of the parts.In this regard,ultrasonically-assisted machining(UAM)technique is commonly introduced to improve the machining quality due to its merits in increasing tool life and reducing cutting force.However,most of the previous studies focus on the performance of UAM with ultrasonic vibrations applied in the tangential and feed directions,whereas few of them on the impact of ultrasonic vibration along the vertical direction.In this study,the effects of feed rate on surface integrity in ultrasonically-assisted vertical milling(UAVM)of the Ti6Al4V alloy manufactured by SLM were systemically investigated compared with the conventional machining(CM)method.The results revealed that the milling forces in UAVM showed a lower amplitude than that in CM due to the intermittent cutting style.The surface roughness values of the parts produced by UAVM were generally greater than that by CM owing to the extra sinusoidal vibration textures induced by the milling cutter.Moreover,the extra vertical ultrasonic vibration in UAVM was beneficial to suppressing machining chatter.As feed rate increased,surface microhardness and thickness of the plastic deformation zone in CM raised due to more intensive plastic deformation,while these two material properties in UAVM were reduced owing to the mitigated impact effect by the high-frequency vibration of the milling cutter.Therefore,the improved surface microhardness and reduced thickness of the subsurface deformation layer in UAVM were ascribed to the vertical high-frequency impact of the milling cutter in UAVM.In general,the results of this study provided an in-depth understanding in UAVM of Ti6Al4V parts manufactured by SLM.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2019YFA0708902,2022YFB3404002)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.DUT22LAB501)+1 种基金National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(Grant No.52325506)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275411)。
摘要Cf/SiC composites are characterized as anisotropic,heterogeneous,brittle,and hard materials.The process of manufacturing Cf/SiC composites using traditional machining techniques is prone to edge chipping damage and tool wear,which makes it difficult to meet the machining quality and machining accuracy.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the milling characteristics and damage assessment during ultrasonic vibration-assisted end milling(UVAEM)of Cf/SiC composites.Firstly,UVAEM experiments on Cf/SiC composites were carried out at different ultrasonic amplitudes and comparative experiments with conventional milling(CM).In addition,tool wear,surface roughness,surface micromorphology,milling force and subsurface damage(SSD)were measured and analysed.Finally,the SSD factors of Cf/SiC composites were established to quantify machining damage,and analyzed the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on SSD.Furthermore,the formation mechanism of SSD was investigated and discussed.The findings indicate that appropriate ultrasonic amplitude improves the surface quality by UVAEM,while excessive amplitude deteriorates the surface quality.During the UVAEM,micro/macro brittle fracture of the fibers on the surface occurs,leading to machining defects such as fiber breakage,fiber-interface debonding and pits.The milling force gradually decreases with the increase of ultrasonic amplitude.On the other hand,the forms of SSD in CM and UVAEM are mainly fiber pullout,subsurface crack,crack extension and machining pits.Matrix cracking and fiber pullout in SSD were affected by fiber orientation.Moreover,the introduction of ultrasonic vibration plays a significant contribution in the inhibition of the SSD in Cf/SiC composites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52325506).
摘要Gallium nitride(GaN),owing to its excellent properties,has emerged as a promising material for wide range of applications.However,due to the high hardness and outstanding chemical stability of GaN,the efficiency of its chemical mechanical polishing(CMP)is relatively low.Photoelectrochemical mechanical polishing(PECMP)has emerged as a highly effective technique for GaN polishing.However,the development of appropriate slurry for PECMP remains a pressing issue,as achieving an optimal balance among electrical conductivity,transmittance,and particle stability is particularly challenging.This research delves into novel slurry designed for GaN PECMP.A systematic investigation is conducted to explore the impact of electrolyte type,concentration,temperature and pH on the performance of the slurry,and conducted PECMP test to evaluate performance of silica sol mixed electrolyte in PECMP.Results indicate that among the electrolytes tested,monovalent cations,particularly in the case of 0.2 M Li2SO4 provided a favorable balance,enhancing conductivity considerably while largely maintaining high UV transmittance and particle dispersion stability over the experimental period.In contrast,divalent cations induce severe aggregation,degrading polishing performance.pH experiment reveals the stability of silica sol arises from the synergistic interplay of surface electrical properties,electrolyte characteristics,and the intrinsic chemical stability of the material PECMP test confirms that aggregated particles from unstable slurries cause surface scratches and pits.Under optimized conditions(0.2 M Li2SO4,20 nm silica at 5 wt%),the slurry achieved a surface finish with Sa 0.292 nm.These results provide profound insights for the design of advanced PECMP slurries and make a significant contribution to the continuous development of GaN wafer manufacturing technology.
基金supported by the Shanxi provincial key research and development project(202302140601006)Special Scientific Research Project of Agricultural Valley Construction in Shanxi Province(SXNGJSKYZX201905)+1 种基金Key R&D projects for introducing high-level scientific and technological talents in Lvliang City(2023RC-2-2)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(MARA)of the People’s Republic of China(CARS-29-yc-5).
摘要In this paper,seven Metschnikowia pulcherrima strains were isolated from different origins and evaluated for fermentation-related enzyme activities and fermentation characteristics using simulated grape juice.The impact of these strains on Viognier wines fermentation was further evaluated by analyzing their fermentation kinetics,enological parameters and untargeted metabolomics.Results showed that WG6 and WG13 strains had relatively highβ-glucosidase,esterase,pectinase and protease activities.All M.pulcherrima had a low utilization of fructose compared to S.cerevisiae and that fermentation alone produced lactic acid but not acetic acid.In Viognier wines,the co-fermentation of all M.pulcherrima with S.cerevisiae resulted in higher concentrations of volatiles but lower concentrations of volatile fatty acids.In particular,WG13 strain enhanced to the maximum concentration of volatiles,including the elevation of higher alcohols,acids and esters,while WG6 strain not only enhanced the aroma by elevating the concentration of acetic acid esters and fatty acid esters,but also the taste.Metabolomics revealed that WG6 strain significantly increased the content of L-phenylalanine,fatty acids and dipeptides in co-fermented wines.Thus,co-fermented wines with WG6 strain and S.cerevisiae achieved the best sensory evalu-ation through a relatively balanced increase in beneficial volatile and non-volatile substances.This research provides a theoretical basis for the synergistic effect of aroma and taste.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0708902)the Joint Foundation from Equipment Pre-research and Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.6141A02022128)the Doctoral Scientific Research Fund of NSFL,China(Grant No.2019-BS-053).
摘要Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are extremely attractive in the manufacturing of structural and functional components in the aircraft manufacturing field due to their outstanding properties, such as good fatigue resistance, high specific stiffness/strength, and good shock absorption. However, because of their inherent anisotropy, low interlamination strength, and abrasive characteristics, CFRP composites are considered difficult-to-cut materials and are prone to generating serious hole defects, such as delamination, tearing, and burrs. The advanced longitudinal–torsional coupled ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling (LTC-UAD) method has a potential application for drilling CFRP composites. At present, LTC-UAD is mainly adopted for drilling metal materials and rarely for CFRP. Therefore, this study analyzes the kinematic characteristics and the influence of feed rate on the drilling performance of LTC-UAD. Experimental results indicate that LTC-UAD can reduce the thrust force by 39% compared to conventional drilling. Furthermore, LTC-UAD can decrease the delamination and burr factors and improve the surface quality of the hole wall. Thus, LTC-UAD is an applicable process method for drilling components made with CFRP composites.
基金The authors are grateful to the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20291)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0708902).
摘要Ultrasonic cutting with a disc cutter is an advanced machining method for the high-quality processing of Nomex honeycomb core.The machining quality is influenced by ultrasonic cutting parameters,as well as tool orientations,which are determined by the multi-axis machining requirements and the angle control of the cutting system.However,in existing research,the effect of the disc cutter orientation on the machining quality has not been studied in depth,and practical guidance for the use of disc cutters is lacking.In this work,the inclined ultrasonic cutting process with a disc cutter was analyzed,and cutting experiments with different inclination angles were conducted.The theoretical residual height models of the honeycomb core,as a result of the lead and tilt angles,were established and verified with the results obtained by a linear laser displacement sensor.Research shows that the residual height of the honeycomb core,as a result of the tilt angle,is much larger than that as a result of the lead angle.Furthermore,the tearing of the cell wall on the machined surface was observed,and the effects of the ultrasonic vibration,lead angle,and tilt angle on the tear rate and tear length of the cell wall were studied.Experimental results revealed that ultrasonic vibration can effectively decrease the tearing of the cell wall and improve the machining quality.Changes in the tilt angle have less effect than changes in the lead angle on the tearing of the cell wall.The determination of inclination angles should consider the actual processing requirements for the residual height and the machining quality of the cell wall.This study investigates the influence of the inclination angles of a disc cutter on the machining quality of Nomex honeycomb core in ultrasonic cutting and provides guidelines for machining.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U20A20291)the Xingliao Talent Program of Liaoning Province,China(Grant No.XLYC1907183)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.DUT22ZD201).
摘要Nanoscale surface roughness of tungsten heavy alloy components is required in the nuclear industry and precision instruments.In this study,a high-performance ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting(UEVC)system is developed to solve the precision machining problem of tungsten heavy alloy.A new design method of stepped bending vibration horn based on Timoshenko’s theory is first proposed,and its design process is greatly simplified.The arrangement and working principle of piezoelectric transducers on the ultrasonic vibrator using the fifth resonant mode of bending are analyzed to realize the dual-bending vibration modes.A cutting tool is installed at the end of the ultrasonic vibration unit to output the ultrasonic elliptical vibration locus,which is verified by finite element method.The vibration unit can display different three-degree-of-freedom(3-DOF)UEVC characteristics by adjusting the corresponding position of the unit and workpiece.A dual-channel ultrasonic power supply is developed to excite the ultrasonic vibration unit,which makes the UEVC system present the resonant frequency of 41 kHz and the maximum amplitude of 14.2μm.Different microtopography and surface roughness are obtained by the cutting experiments of tungsten heavy alloy hemispherical workpiece with the UEVC system,which validates the proposed design’s technical capability and provides optimization basis for further improving the machining quality of the curved surface components of tungsten heavy alloy.
基金The authors acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51991372 and 51805135).
摘要Taping is often used to protect patterned wafers and reduce fragmentation during backgrinding of silicon wafers.Grinding experiments using coarse and fine resinbond diamond grinding wheels were performed on silicon wafers with tapes of different thicknesses to investigate the effects of taping on peak-to-valley(PV),surface roughness,and subsurface damage of silicon wafers after grinding.Results showed that taping in backgrinding could provide effective protection for ground wafers from breakage.However,the PV value,surface roughness,and subsurface damage of silicon wafers with taping deteriorated compared with those without taping although the deterioration extents were very limited.The PV value of silicon wafers with taping decreased with increasing mesh size of the grinding wheel and the final thickness.The surface roughness and subsurface damage of silicon wafers with taping decreased with increasing mesh size of grinding wheel but was not affected by removal thickness.We hope the experimental finding could help fully understand the role of taping in backgrinding.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U20A20291).
摘要When ultrasonically cutting honeycomb core curved parts,the tool face of the straight blade must be along the curved surface’s tangent direction at all times to ensure high-quality machining of the curved surface.However,given that the straight blade is a nonstandard tool,the existing computer-aided manufacturing technology cannot directly realize the above action requirement.To solve this problem,this paper proposed an algorithm for extracting a straight blade real-time tool face vector from a 5-axis milling automatically programmed tool location file,which can realize the tool location point and tool axis vector conversion from the flat end mill to the straight blade.At the same time,for the multi-solution problem of the rotation axis,the dependent axis rotation minimization algorithm was introduced,and the spindle rotation algorithm was proposed for the tool edge orientation problem when the straight blade is used to machine the curved part.Finally,on the basis of the MATLAB platform,the dependent axis rotation minimization algorithm and spindle rotation algorithm were integrated and compiled,and the straight blade ultrasonic cutting honeycomb core postprocessor was then developed.The model of the machine tool and the definition of the straight blade were conducted in the VERICUT simulation software,and the simulation machining of the equivalent entity of the honeycomb core can then be realized.The correctness of the numerical control program generated by the postprocessor was verified by machining and accuracy testing of the two designed features.Observation and analysis of the simulation and experiment indicate that the tool pose is the same under each working condition,and the workpieces obtained by machining also meet the corresponding accuracy requirements.Therefore,the postprocessor developed in this paper can be well adapted to the honeycomb core ultrasonic cutting machine tool and realize high-quality and high-efficient machining of honeycomb core composites.
基金supported by the Special Scientific Research Project of Agricultural Valley Construction in Shanxi Province(SXNGJSKYZX201905)the Shanxi provincial key research and development project(202302140601006)the Shanxi Natural Science Foundation Project(202203021211273).
摘要In this study,Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains with excellent characteristics were isolated and characterized from Chinese traditional pickled vegetable samples and applied to the long-term fermentation of Cabernet Sauvignon whole grape juice for revealing the changes in physicochemical properties,antioxidant properties,and metabolic profiles of optimal strain fermentation during the fermentation process.The results showed that the isolated SC9-1,SCY9-1 and XC6-1 strains possessed strong acid and salt tolerance,as well as relatively high antibacterial capacity.The fermentation liquid of these three L.plantarum,especially XC6-1,showed the highest polyphenol content and the most excellent antioxidant properties at 48 h of fermentation.However,extending the fermentation time to 30 days significantly enhanced the volatile compounds content in the fermentation liquid and thus improved the fermentation aroma,but continuing to extend the fermentation time did not further increase the content of the pleasing volatiles.In addition,after the fermentation time was extended to 70 days,there was a gradual increase in up-and down-regulated differential metabolites,such as down-regulated amino acids,up-regulated fatty acids and nucleotide metabolites except guanine,and up-and down-cycled organic acids and phenolic compounds.Therefore,during fermentation of L.plantarum,the choice of fermentation time was related to the level of active compound content in the fermentation product,which in turn affected the flavor quality of the final product as well as the composition and concentration of metabolites.This research will establish a basis for comprehensively understanding the dynamic changes in metabolites of L.plantarum during long-term fermentation,and provide novel insights for utilizing L.plantarum to create uniquely flavored functional foods or beverages.