Evaluating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)systems within a System-of-Systems(SoS)environment helps clarify their contribution to the overall combat capability and supports effectiveness-oriented system optimization.When ...Evaluating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)systems within a System-of-Systems(SoS)environment helps clarify their contribution to the overall combat capability and supports effectiveness-oriented system optimization.When assessing decision systems in such an environment,cross-level modeling and simulation are required,which often face a trade-off between low modeling cost and high simulation accuracy,while the credibility of results remains challenging to ensure.To address these issues,this study proposes a hybrid-granularity Hardware-In-the-Loop(HIL)SoS environment construction method based on Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique(GERT).The method employs GERT to analyze the relationships between simulation systems,the System Under Test(SUT),and mission outcomes,thereby determining the required model precision for different systems.A dynamic resource allocation algorithm is applied to adjust model granularity on demand,ensuring high-fidelity simulation under constrained total cost.Additionally,GERT estimates the computational frequency and communication bandwidth requirements of the SUT,guiding hardware selection to enhance simulation credibility.A UAV maritime combat case study was conducted for validation.The results demonstrate that,compared to the flat modeling approach,the hybrid-granularity scenario based on GERT analysis achieves higher simulation accuracy with lower overall model complexity.The coefficient of variation in evaluation results significantly decreases in HIL simulations compared to virtual simulations,confirming improved credibility.Under the hybrid-granularity HIL scenario,the decision system was evaluated from an effectiveness perspective,identifying the most sensitive performance parameter.Subsequent targeted optimization led to an 11.90%improvement in effectiveness,validating the method's practical utility.展开更多
Aleuropteryx sinica Liu&Yang,2003 is the only species of Aleuropteryx in the family Coniopterygidae found in China.In this study,we used high-throughput sequencing methods to assemble the complete mitochondrial ge...Aleuropteryx sinica Liu&Yang,2003 is the only species of Aleuropteryx in the family Coniopterygidae found in China.In this study,we used high-throughput sequencing methods to assemble the complete mitochondrial genome of A.sinica.The results showed that the complete mitogenome is 15,600 bp in length and had a high AT content(76.30%),with a typical set of 37 genes,including 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),22 transfer RNA genes(tRNAs),2 ribosomal RNA genes(rRNAs),and 1 control region(CR)Based on the sequences of 13PCGs+2rRNAs,the phylogenetic analysis revealed that A.sinica,Coniopteryx sp.,Conwentzia sinica Yang,1974,Semidalis macleodi Meinander,1972 and Semidalis aleyrodiformis Stephens,1836 form a clade,which is a sister group to other families of Neuroptera.展开更多
The rock masses in the hydro-fluctuation zone of reservoir banks sustain wettingdrying cycles(WDC),thereby affecting the stability of the reservoir bank slope.In this paper,rock masses with argillaceous siltstone and ...The rock masses in the hydro-fluctuation zone of reservoir banks sustain wettingdrying cycles(WDC),thereby affecting the stability of the reservoir bank slope.In this paper,rock masses with argillaceous siltstone and silty mudstone interbedded in Badong Formation were taken as the research object to investigate the variation of strength parameters of soft and hard interbedded rock masses with WDC and dip angle through laboratory experiments and numerical experiments.Some attempts were made to reveal the mechanical properties deterioration mechanism of interbedded rock masses by quantitatively analyzing the contribution of strength parameters deterioration of hard rocks,soft rocks,and bedding planes to the strength parameters deterioration of rock masses.The results indicate that the logarithmic function could be used to describe the deterioration of each strength parameter of both argillaceous siltstone and silty mudstone and bedding plane with the number of WDC.The strength parameters of interbedded rock masses decrease as the number of WDC increases,with the largest decrease after the first cycle and then slowing down in the later cycles.The strength parameters initially decrease and then increase as the dip angles increase.The impact of deteriorated strength parameters of bedding planes and rocks on the deterioration of strength parameters of interbedded rock masses differs significantly with the dip angle,which can be divided into four typical ranges of different controlling factors.展开更多
Ferrimagnets are important for next-generation high-density ultrafast spintronic device applications.Magnetization compensation temperature(TM)is a fundamentally critical magnetic parameter for ferrimagnets besides th...Ferrimagnets are important for next-generation high-density ultrafast spintronic device applications.Magnetization compensation temperature(TM)is a fundamentally critical magnetic parameter for ferrimagnets besides their Curie temperature.Around TM,the spin-orbit switching efficiencies are extraordinarily high.Therefore,the accurate manipulation of TM from the material fabrication process is essential for the electrical steering of ferrimagnetic spins.In this work,CoTb thin films,with the 3 d and 4 f magnetic sublattices antiferromagnetically coupled to each other,are deposited at different temperatures.The magnetotransport and magnetic properties of these films are systematically investigated.It was found that the TM of this rare-earth ferrimagnet largely depends on the growth temperature and it can be tuned by over 100 K.Accordingly,the spins of an optimized ferrimagnetic CoTb thin film with its TM close to room temperature can be efficiently switched by the current-pulse-induced spin-orbit torque.Moreover,an artificial neural network utilizing the spin-orbit torque device was constructed,demonstrating an image recognition accuracy of approximately 92.5%,which is comparable to that of conventional software solutions.Thus,this work demonstrates the large tunability of TM of a rare earth ferrimagnet by chemical ordering and the great potential of such a ferrimagnet for electrically operated spintronic devices.展开更多
Topochemical fluorination introduces significant structural distortions and emerging properties in perovskite oxides via substituting oxygen with fluorine.However,the rapid fluorination process and the similarity betw...Topochemical fluorination introduces significant structural distortions and emerging properties in perovskite oxides via substituting oxygen with fluorine.However,the rapid fluorination process and the similarity between F and O render the O/F site occupation and local lattice evolution during fluorination unclear.Here we investigated the atomic-scale O/F exchange in La2CoO4and quantified the lattice distortion of three ordered structures:La2CoO3.5F,La2CoO3F2,and La2CoO2.5F3by utilizing aberration-corrected electron microscopy.Atomic-resolved elemental mapping provides direct evidence for the O/F occupancy in interstitial and apical sites.We revealed that apical F ions induce significant octahedral tilting from 178°to 165°,linearly proportional to the occupancy rate;and cause the obvious change in the fine structure O K edge,meanwhile apical O is exchanged into interstitial sites.The strong octahedral tilt leads to the in-plane elongation of the[CoO4F2]octahedra.These findings elucidate the atomic-scale mechanisms of the entire fluorination process and highlight the significant role of F in tuning the octahedral tilt of functional oxides.展开更多
The shear strength deterioration of bedding planes between different rock types induced by cyclic loading is vital to reasonably evaluate the stability of soft and hard interbedded bedding rock slopes under earthquake...The shear strength deterioration of bedding planes between different rock types induced by cyclic loading is vital to reasonably evaluate the stability of soft and hard interbedded bedding rock slopes under earthquake;however,rare work has been devoted to this subject due to lack of attention.In this study,experimental investigations on shear strength weakening of discontinuities with different joint wall material(DDJM)under cyclic loading were conducted by taking the interface between siltstone and mudstone in the Shaba slope of Yunnan Province,China as research objects.A total of 99 pairs of similar material samples of DDJM(81 pairs)and discontinuities with identical joint wall material(DIJM)(18 pairs)were fabricated by inserting plates,engraved with typical surface morphology obtained by performing three-dimensional laser scanning on natural DDJMs sampled from field,into mold boxes.Cyclic shear tests were conducted on these samples to study their shear strength changes with the cyclic number considering the effects of normal stress,joint surface morphology,shear displacement amplitude and shear rate.The results indicate that the shear stress vs.shear displacement curves under each shear cycle and the peak shear strength vs.cyclic number curves of the studied DDJMs are between those of DIJMs with siltstone and mudstone,while closer to those of DIJMs with mudstone.The peak shear strengths of DDJMs exhibit an initial rapid decline followed by a gradual decrease with the cyclic number and the decrease rate varies from 6%to 55.9%for samples with varied surface morphology under different testing conditions.The normal stress,joint surface morphology,shear displacement amplitude and shear rate collectively influence the shear strength deterioration of DDJM under cyclic shear loading,with the degree of influence being greater for larger normal stress,rougher surface morphology,larger shear displacement amplitude and faster shear rate.展开更多
The error caused by irreversible demagnetization damages the accurate velocity tracking of an in-wheel motor in a mobile robot.A current feedforward vector control system based on ESO is proposed to compensate it for ...The error caused by irreversible demagnetization damages the accurate velocity tracking of an in-wheel motor in a mobile robot.A current feedforward vector control system based on ESO is proposed to compensate it for the demagnetization motor.A demagnetization mathematical model is established to describe a permanent magnet synchronous motor,which took the change of permanent magnet flux linkage parameters as a factor to count the demagnetization error in velocity tracking.The uncertain disturbance estimation model of the control system is built based on ESO,which eliminates the system error by the feedforward current compensation.It is compared with the vector control method in terms of control accuracy.The simulation results show that the current feedforward vector control method based on ESO reduces the velocity tracking error greatly in conditions of motor demagnetization less than 30%.It is effective to improve the operation accuracy of the mobile robot.展开更多
The life cycle of flowering plants starts when a zygote is formed following a double fertilization event.To achieve fertilization,sperm cells are delivered to the female gametes within the embryo sac by the tip-growin...The life cycle of flowering plants starts when a zygote is formed following a double fertilization event.To achieve fertilization,sperm cells are delivered to the female gametes within the embryo sac by the tip-growing pollen tube.The fast-growing pollen tube is characterized and regulated by abundant transport vesicles responsible for both exocytosis and endocytosis in the tip region.Visualization of these tip-vesicles has been challenging owing to their small size,high dynamics,and complexity.In this study,we illustrated the three-dimensional(3D)ultrastructure of tip-vesicles in growing pollen tubes of lily,tobacco,and Arabidopsis.Five major types of tip-vesicles,including secretory vesicles(SVs),electron-dense vesicles(DVs),clathrin-coated vesicles(CCVs),mini vesicles(MVs),and extracellular vesicles(EVs),can be distinguished using room-temperature electron tomography(RT-ET)based on their ultrastructural features.We also demonstrated the extensive distribution of tubular endoplasmic reticulum(ER)structures at the apex of growing pollen tubes and vesicles budding from the tip-localized ER.Cryo-ET further revealed the tip-localized tubular ER with budding coat protein complex II(COPII)vesicles.Our study thus offered a structural basis for a deeper comprehension of vesicular trafficking in the tip growth of the pollen tube,aiding future research on vesicle-mediated membrane trafficking in polarized cell growth.展开更多
Understanding cellular events in three dimensions(3D)is of great importance for the annotation and illustration of biological processes in a contextual way.Imaging techniques based on electron microscopy(EM),such as t...Understanding cellular events in three dimensions(3D)is of great importance for the annotation and illustration of biological processes in a contextual way.Imaging techniques based on electron microscopy(EM),such as those derived from scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),provide various options to visualize biological samples at scales ranging from cells to macromolecules in situ.Recently,a series of cryogenic techniques has brought EM-based imaging to a new level,enabling specimens to retain their hydrated state throughout the sample preparation and imaging steps,thereby offering a near-native visualization of cellular events.The application of dual-beam focused ion beam(FIB)-SEM to biological samples has enabled high-resolution reconstructions in 3D and streamlined sample preparation workflows for downstream cryo-electron tomography(cryo-ET)imaging.However,applications of these technologies to plant materials are limited due to intrinsic characteristics of plant cells(e.g.,non-adhesive growth,large size with a central vacuole,and the presence of cell walls).For the timely application of dual-beam FIB-SEM in three-dimensional subcellular imaging of plant materials,we have recently tested and developed three major workflows with proof-of-concept evidence using developing anthers and in vitro-cultured pollen tubes based on Aquilos 2 Cryo-FIB,including(1)room-temperature FIB-SEM volume imaging,(2)cryo-lamellae preparation from cell suspension culture or high-pressure-frozen organs for cryo-ET imaging,and(3)cryo-FIB-SEM volume imaging,which will facilitate structural studies of plant materials and provide technical guidance for the broader plant cell biology research community.展开更多
The hardness of the integer factoring problem(IFP)plays a core role in the security of RSA-like cryptosystems that are widely used today.Besides Shor’s quantum algorithm that can solve IFP within polynomial time,quan...The hardness of the integer factoring problem(IFP)plays a core role in the security of RSA-like cryptosystems that are widely used today.Besides Shor’s quantum algorithm that can solve IFP within polynomial time,quantum annealing algorithms(QAA)also manifest certain advantages in factoring integers.In experimental aspects,the reported integers that were successfully factored by using the D-wave QAA platform are much larger than those being factored by using Shor-like quantum algorithms.In this paper,we report some interesting observations about the effects of QAA for solving IFP.More specifically,we introduce a metric,called T-factor that measures the density of occupied qubits to some extent when conducting IFP tasks by using D-wave.We find that T-factor has obvious effects on annealing times for IFP:The larger of T-factor,the quicker of annealing speed.The explanation of this phenomenon is also given.展开更多
Purpose:Hidden blood loss(HBL)during the perioperative period significantly impacts postoperative recovery and complications,yet it is frequently disregarded.This study aimed to investigate the effects of tip-apex dis...Purpose:Hidden blood loss(HBL)during the perioperative period significantly impacts postoperative recovery and complications,yet it is frequently disregarded.This study aimed to investigate the effects of tip-apex distance(TAD)and calcar-referenced tip-apex distance(calTAD)on HBL in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures utilizing proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA).The study also seeks to evaluate the possible decrease in HBL subsequent to PFNA treatment by optimizing nail positioning.Method:A historical cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022.Patients diagnosed with unilateral acute closed femoral intertrochanteric fracture and who underwent PFNA internal fixation surgery met the inclusion criteria,and were grouped according to the value of calTAD and TAD.The participants were divided into low TAD group(TAD0.05).The average HBL for the low calTAD group was 611.42 mL,whereas for the high calTAD group it was 904.97 mL(p<0.05).Subsequent analysis revealed that the patient''s height,preoperative hemoglobin levels,changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels from pre-to post-surgery,and calTAD are independent risk factors influencing HBL.Conclusion:In summary,our investigation revealed a significant correlation between the positioning of nails in PFNA and HBL during the perioperative period.By optimizing the placement of the cephalic nail,specifically by ensuring a calTAD of less than 7.625 mm,a significant decrease in HBL can be attained.Additionally,we identified that height,preoperative hemoglobin,differences in preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit,and the positioning of the cephalic nail were independent risk factors for HBL.展开更多
Grain size and leaf angle are key agronomic traits that determine final yields in rice.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood.Here we demonstrate that the Oryza sativa Mitogen Activated Pr...Grain size and leaf angle are key agronomic traits that determine final yields in rice.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood.Here we demonstrate that the Oryza sativa Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase OsMKKK70 regulates grain size and leaf angle in rice.Overexpressing OsMKKK70 caused plants to produce longer seeds.The osmkkk62/70 double mutant and the osmkkk55/62/70 triple mutant displayed significantly smaller seeds and a more erect leaf angle compared to the wild type,indicating that OsMKKK70 functions redundantly with its homologs Os MKKK62 and Os MKKK55.Biochemical analysis demonstrated that OsMKKK70 is an active kinase and that OsMKKK70 interacts with Os MKK4 and promotes Os MAPK6 phosphorylation.In addition,the osmkkk62/70 double mutant showed reduced sensitivity to Brassinosteroids(BRs).Finally,overexpressing constitutively active Os MKK4,Os MAPK6,and Os WRKY53 can partially complement the smaller seed size,erect leaf,and BR hyposensitivity of the osmkkk62/70 double mutant.Taken together,these findings suggest that OsMKKK70 might regulate grain size and leaf angle in rice by activating Os MAPK6 and that OsMKKK70,Os MKK4,Os MAPK6,and Os WRKY53 function in a common signaling pathway that controls grain shape and leaf angle.展开更多
Tin-based sulfides have attracted increasing attention as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) owing to their high theoretical capacity;however, the poor rate capability and inferior cycling stability caused by the l...Tin-based sulfides have attracted increasing attention as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) owing to their high theoretical capacity;however, the poor rate capability and inferior cycling stability caused by the low electrical conductivity, sluggish kinetics and drastic volume variations during cycling have greatly hampered their practical applications. Herein, heterostructured NiS2@SnS2 hybrid spheres were delicately designed and constructed by anchoring interconnected SnS2 nanosheets on metalorganic frameworks(MOFs)-derived Ni S2 hollow spheres coupled with N-doped carbon skeleton through facile solvothermal and sulfurization/carbonization processes. The unique hollow heterostructure with highly conductive carbon matrix can effectively facilitate the charge transfer kinetics and ensure the desired buffer space while endowing more active sites and enhanced structural integrity, as demonstrated by the experimental and density functional theory(DFT) results. Benefitting from these merits, the NiS2@SnS2 hybrid composite displays a high reversible capacity of 820 m Ah g-1 after 250 cycles at 1 A g-1, and retains a value of 673 m Ah g-1after 1,300 cycles at 5 A g-1, manifesting the excellent high-rate and durable sodium storage behaviors when applied in SIBs. This study shall shed more light on the fabricating and interface engineering of other transition metal-based composite anodes for high-performance SIBs.展开更多
Searching for novel ferromagnetic oxides with high Curie temperature(TC)has been one of the main goals for oxide spintronics.The well-known perovskite cobaltate LaCoO3 is a classical ferromagnet in its thin-film fo...Searching for novel ferromagnetic oxides with high Curie temperature(TC)has been one of the main goals for oxide spintronics.The well-known perovskite cobaltate LaCoO3 is a classical ferromagnet in its thin-film form;however,it suffers from a low TC(~85 K).Here we report a new type of ferromagnetic La-Co-O films with an ultrahigh TC of~820 K.They are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition from a LaCoO3 target at low oxygen partial pressures.Detailed structural analysis indicates that they crystallize in terms of the Ruddlesden–Popper phase of La2CoO4±x.In sharp contrast to the antiferromagnetism of bulk La2CoO4,the strong ferromagnetism in the La2CoO4±x thin films is firmly demonstrated by magnetometry measurements,X-ray magnetic circular dichroism characterization,and magnetotransport experiments.More importantly,density functional theory calculations indicate that the nonstoichiometric oxygen induces an antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition,accompanied by the orbital reconstruction of Co 3d electrons.Thus,our study provides an attractive strategy for designing or synthesizing exotic magnetic oxides with high ordering temperatures.展开更多
Sm-Co nanoparticles (NPs) are promising candidates for preparing superstable magnets and exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets with unprecedented magnetic properties.However,the morphology evolution of the NPs remain...Sm-Co nanoparticles (NPs) are promising candidates for preparing superstable magnets and exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets with unprecedented magnetic properties.However,the morphology evolution of the NPs remains unclear.Here,single crystalline SmCox(x=4.07,4.79,6.94,and 8.61) NPs with dimensions below the critical size of a single magnetic domain were synthesized.These NPs consist of Sm2Co7,SmCo5,and Sm2Co17phases with divergent typical morphologies.An evolution model for the different morphological characteristics was proposed based on phase-structure changes and surface-energy calculations using the density functional theory.The results show that these SmCo4.79 NPs can be well aligned along the easy magnetization axis and exhibit an ultrahigh coercivity of 5.7 T,thus enabling to advance the control of NP morphology and to facilitate their use in superstable or nanocomposite magnets.展开更多
基金funded by Henan Key Laboratory of General Aviation Technology,grant number ZHKF-240202。
摘要Evaluating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)systems within a System-of-Systems(SoS)environment helps clarify their contribution to the overall combat capability and supports effectiveness-oriented system optimization.When assessing decision systems in such an environment,cross-level modeling and simulation are required,which often face a trade-off between low modeling cost and high simulation accuracy,while the credibility of results remains challenging to ensure.To address these issues,this study proposes a hybrid-granularity Hardware-In-the-Loop(HIL)SoS environment construction method based on Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique(GERT).The method employs GERT to analyze the relationships between simulation systems,the System Under Test(SUT),and mission outcomes,thereby determining the required model precision for different systems.A dynamic resource allocation algorithm is applied to adjust model granularity on demand,ensuring high-fidelity simulation under constrained total cost.Additionally,GERT estimates the computational frequency and communication bandwidth requirements of the SUT,guiding hardware selection to enhance simulation credibility.A UAV maritime combat case study was conducted for validation.The results demonstrate that,compared to the flat modeling approach,the hybrid-granularity scenario based on GERT analysis achieves higher simulation accuracy with lower overall model complexity.The coefficient of variation in evaluation results significantly decreases in HIL simulations compared to virtual simulations,confirming improved credibility.Under the hybrid-granularity HIL scenario,the decision system was evaluated from an effectiveness perspective,identifying the most sensitive performance parameter.Subsequent targeted optimization led to an 11.90%improvement in effectiveness,validating the method's practical utility.
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(5224042).
摘要Aleuropteryx sinica Liu&Yang,2003 is the only species of Aleuropteryx in the family Coniopterygidae found in China.In this study,we used high-throughput sequencing methods to assemble the complete mitochondrial genome of A.sinica.The results showed that the complete mitogenome is 15,600 bp in length and had a high AT content(76.30%),with a typical set of 37 genes,including 13 protein-coding genes(PCGs),22 transfer RNA genes(tRNAs),2 ribosomal RNA genes(rRNAs),and 1 control region(CR)Based on the sequences of 13PCGs+2rRNAs,the phylogenetic analysis revealed that A.sinica,Coniopteryx sp.,Conwentzia sinica Yang,1974,Semidalis macleodi Meinander,1972 and Semidalis aleyrodiformis Stephens,1836 form a clade,which is a sister group to other families of Neuroptera.
基金supported by the Chinese National Key R&D Program(No.2022YFC3080200)the Chinese National Natural Science Foundation(No.42090054)。
摘要The rock masses in the hydro-fluctuation zone of reservoir banks sustain wettingdrying cycles(WDC),thereby affecting the stability of the reservoir bank slope.In this paper,rock masses with argillaceous siltstone and silty mudstone interbedded in Badong Formation were taken as the research object to investigate the variation of strength parameters of soft and hard interbedded rock masses with WDC and dip angle through laboratory experiments and numerical experiments.Some attempts were made to reveal the mechanical properties deterioration mechanism of interbedded rock masses by quantitatively analyzing the contribution of strength parameters deterioration of hard rocks,soft rocks,and bedding planes to the strength parameters deterioration of rock masses.The results indicate that the logarithmic function could be used to describe the deterioration of each strength parameter of both argillaceous siltstone and silty mudstone and bedding plane with the number of WDC.The strength parameters of interbedded rock masses decrease as the number of WDC increases,with the largest decrease after the first cycle and then slowing down in the later cycles.The strength parameters initially decrease and then increase as the dip angles increase.The impact of deteriorated strength parameters of bedding planes and rocks on the deterioration of strength parameters of interbedded rock masses differs significantly with the dip angle,which can be divided into four typical ranges of different controlling factors.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3506000 and 2022YFA1602700)financial support from Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+6 种基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52425106,52121001,and 52271235)financial support from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ23005)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52401300)funding from the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20230451)from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M754058)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62401276)financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.524B2003).
摘要Ferrimagnets are important for next-generation high-density ultrafast spintronic device applications.Magnetization compensation temperature(TM)is a fundamentally critical magnetic parameter for ferrimagnets besides their Curie temperature.Around TM,the spin-orbit switching efficiencies are extraordinarily high.Therefore,the accurate manipulation of TM from the material fabrication process is essential for the electrical steering of ferrimagnetic spins.In this work,CoTb thin films,with the 3 d and 4 f magnetic sublattices antiferromagnetically coupled to each other,are deposited at different temperatures.The magnetotransport and magnetic properties of these films are systematically investigated.It was found that the TM of this rare-earth ferrimagnet largely depends on the growth temperature and it can be tuned by over 100 K.Accordingly,the spins of an optimized ferrimagnetic CoTb thin film with its TM close to room temperature can be efficiently switched by the current-pulse-induced spin-orbit torque.Moreover,an artificial neural network utilizing the spin-orbit torque device was constructed,demonstrating an image recognition accuracy of approximately 92.5%,which is comparable to that of conventional software solutions.Thus,this work demonstrates the large tunability of TM of a rare earth ferrimagnet by chemical ordering and the great potential of such a ferrimagnet for electrically operated spintronic devices.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52322212,52025025,5225040212474001)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1403203 and 2023YFA1406300)。
摘要Topochemical fluorination introduces significant structural distortions and emerging properties in perovskite oxides via substituting oxygen with fluorine.However,the rapid fluorination process and the similarity between F and O render the O/F site occupation and local lattice evolution during fluorination unclear.Here we investigated the atomic-scale O/F exchange in La2CoO4and quantified the lattice distortion of three ordered structures:La2CoO3.5F,La2CoO3F2,and La2CoO2.5F3by utilizing aberration-corrected electron microscopy.Atomic-resolved elemental mapping provides direct evidence for the O/F occupancy in interstitial and apical sites.We revealed that apical F ions induce significant octahedral tilting from 178°to 165°,linearly proportional to the occupancy rate;and cause the obvious change in the fine structure O K edge,meanwhile apical O is exchanged into interstitial sites.The strong octahedral tilt leads to the in-plane elongation of the[CoO4F2]octahedra.These findings elucidate the atomic-scale mechanisms of the entire fluorination process and highlight the significant role of F in tuning the octahedral tilt of functional oxides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42377182,52079133 and 41931295).
摘要The shear strength deterioration of bedding planes between different rock types induced by cyclic loading is vital to reasonably evaluate the stability of soft and hard interbedded bedding rock slopes under earthquake;however,rare work has been devoted to this subject due to lack of attention.In this study,experimental investigations on shear strength weakening of discontinuities with different joint wall material(DDJM)under cyclic loading were conducted by taking the interface between siltstone and mudstone in the Shaba slope of Yunnan Province,China as research objects.A total of 99 pairs of similar material samples of DDJM(81 pairs)and discontinuities with identical joint wall material(DIJM)(18 pairs)were fabricated by inserting plates,engraved with typical surface morphology obtained by performing three-dimensional laser scanning on natural DDJMs sampled from field,into mold boxes.Cyclic shear tests were conducted on these samples to study their shear strength changes with the cyclic number considering the effects of normal stress,joint surface morphology,shear displacement amplitude and shear rate.The results indicate that the shear stress vs.shear displacement curves under each shear cycle and the peak shear strength vs.cyclic number curves of the studied DDJMs are between those of DIJMs with siltstone and mudstone,while closer to those of DIJMs with mudstone.The peak shear strengths of DDJMs exhibit an initial rapid decline followed by a gradual decrease with the cyclic number and the decrease rate varies from 6%to 55.9%for samples with varied surface morphology under different testing conditions.The normal stress,joint surface morphology,shear displacement amplitude and shear rate collectively influence the shear strength deterioration of DDJM under cyclic shear loading,with the degree of influence being greater for larger normal stress,rougher surface morphology,larger shear displacement amplitude and faster shear rate.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975396)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202103021224264).
摘要The error caused by irreversible demagnetization damages the accurate velocity tracking of an in-wheel motor in a mobile robot.A current feedforward vector control system based on ESO is proposed to compensate it for the demagnetization motor.A demagnetization mathematical model is established to describe a permanent magnet synchronous motor,which took the change of permanent magnet flux linkage parameters as a factor to count the demagnetization error in velocity tracking.The uncertain disturbance estimation model of the control system is built based on ESO,which eliminates the system error by the feedforward current compensation.It is compared with the vector control method in terms of control accuracy.The simulation results show that the current feedforward vector control method based on ESO reduces the velocity tracking error greatly in conditions of motor demagnetization less than 30%.It is effective to improve the operation accuracy of the mobile robot.
基金supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(CRS_CUHK405/23,AoE/M-402/25-N,AoE/M-05/12,CUHK14106823,C4033-19E,C4002-20W,C4002-21EF,C2009-19G,C2003-22WF,R4005-18,C4014-23G,G-CUHK409/23 and Senior Research Fellow Scheme(SRFS2122-4S01))the Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK)Research Committee,and Science Faculty。
摘要The life cycle of flowering plants starts when a zygote is formed following a double fertilization event.To achieve fertilization,sperm cells are delivered to the female gametes within the embryo sac by the tip-growing pollen tube.The fast-growing pollen tube is characterized and regulated by abundant transport vesicles responsible for both exocytosis and endocytosis in the tip region.Visualization of these tip-vesicles has been challenging owing to their small size,high dynamics,and complexity.In this study,we illustrated the three-dimensional(3D)ultrastructure of tip-vesicles in growing pollen tubes of lily,tobacco,and Arabidopsis.Five major types of tip-vesicles,including secretory vesicles(SVs),electron-dense vesicles(DVs),clathrin-coated vesicles(CCVs),mini vesicles(MVs),and extracellular vesicles(EVs),can be distinguished using room-temperature electron tomography(RT-ET)based on their ultrastructural features.We also demonstrated the extensive distribution of tubular endoplasmic reticulum(ER)structures at the apex of growing pollen tubes and vesicles budding from the tip-localized ER.Cryo-ET further revealed the tip-localized tubular ER with budding coat protein complex II(COPII)vesicles.Our study thus offered a structural basis for a deeper comprehension of vesicular trafficking in the tip growth of the pollen tube,aiding future research on vesicle-mediated membrane trafficking in polarized cell growth.
基金supported by grants from the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong[CRS_CUHK405/23,AoE/M-402/25-N,AoE/M-05/12,CUHK14106823,C4033-19E,C4002-20W,C4002-21EF,C2009-19G,C2003-22WF,R4005-18,C4014-23G,G-CUHK409/23 and Senior Research Fellow Scheme(SRFS2122-4S01)]the Chinese University of Hong Kong(CUHK)Research Committee,and Science Faculty to L.J.
摘要Understanding cellular events in three dimensions(3D)is of great importance for the annotation and illustration of biological processes in a contextual way.Imaging techniques based on electron microscopy(EM),such as those derived from scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),provide various options to visualize biological samples at scales ranging from cells to macromolecules in situ.Recently,a series of cryogenic techniques has brought EM-based imaging to a new level,enabling specimens to retain their hydrated state throughout the sample preparation and imaging steps,thereby offering a near-native visualization of cellular events.The application of dual-beam focused ion beam(FIB)-SEM to biological samples has enabled high-resolution reconstructions in 3D and streamlined sample preparation workflows for downstream cryo-electron tomography(cryo-ET)imaging.However,applications of these technologies to plant materials are limited due to intrinsic characteristics of plant cells(e.g.,non-adhesive growth,large size with a central vacuole,and the presence of cell walls).For the timely application of dual-beam FIB-SEM in three-dimensional subcellular imaging of plant materials,we have recently tested and developed three major workflows with proof-of-concept evidence using developing anthers and in vitro-cultured pollen tubes based on Aquilos 2 Cryo-FIB,including(1)room-temperature FIB-SEM volume imaging,(2)cryo-lamellae preparation from cell suspension culture or high-pressure-frozen organs for cryo-ET imaging,and(3)cryo-FIB-SEM volume imaging,which will facilitate structural studies of plant materials and provide technical guidance for the broader plant cell biology research community.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.61972050)the Open Foundation of StateKey Laboratory ofNetworking and Switching Technology(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications)(SKLNST-2020-2-16).
摘要The hardness of the integer factoring problem(IFP)plays a core role in the security of RSA-like cryptosystems that are widely used today.Besides Shor’s quantum algorithm that can solve IFP within polynomial time,quantum annealing algorithms(QAA)also manifest certain advantages in factoring integers.In experimental aspects,the reported integers that were successfully factored by using the D-wave QAA platform are much larger than those being factored by using Shor-like quantum algorithms.In this paper,we report some interesting observations about the effects of QAA for solving IFP.More specifically,we introduce a metric,called T-factor that measures the density of occupied qubits to some extent when conducting IFP tasks by using D-wave.We find that T-factor has obvious effects on annealing times for IFP:The larger of T-factor,the quicker of annealing speed.The explanation of this phenomenon is also given.
摘要Purpose:Hidden blood loss(HBL)during the perioperative period significantly impacts postoperative recovery and complications,yet it is frequently disregarded.This study aimed to investigate the effects of tip-apex distance(TAD)and calcar-referenced tip-apex distance(calTAD)on HBL in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures utilizing proximal femoral nail antirotation(PFNA).The study also seeks to evaluate the possible decrease in HBL subsequent to PFNA treatment by optimizing nail positioning.Method:A historical cohort study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2022.Patients diagnosed with unilateral acute closed femoral intertrochanteric fracture and who underwent PFNA internal fixation surgery met the inclusion criteria,and were grouped according to the value of calTAD and TAD.The participants were divided into low TAD group(TAD0.05).The average HBL for the low calTAD group was 611.42 mL,whereas for the high calTAD group it was 904.97 mL(p<0.05).Subsequent analysis revealed that the patient''s height,preoperative hemoglobin levels,changes in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels from pre-to post-surgery,and calTAD are independent risk factors influencing HBL.Conclusion:In summary,our investigation revealed a significant correlation between the positioning of nails in PFNA and HBL during the perioperative period.By optimizing the placement of the cephalic nail,specifically by ensuring a calTAD of less than 7.625 mm,a significant decrease in HBL can be attained.Additionally,we identified that height,preoperative hemoglobin,differences in preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit,and the positioning of the cephalic nail were independent risk factors for HBL.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.JQ2020C003)National Natural Science Foundation of China-Heilongjiang Joint Fund(Grant No.U20A2025)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(Grant No.2021229)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA24040102)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos 31671653,31801017,31871591)。
摘要Grain size and leaf angle are key agronomic traits that determine final yields in rice.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood.Here we demonstrate that the Oryza sativa Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase OsMKKK70 regulates grain size and leaf angle in rice.Overexpressing OsMKKK70 caused plants to produce longer seeds.The osmkkk62/70 double mutant and the osmkkk55/62/70 triple mutant displayed significantly smaller seeds and a more erect leaf angle compared to the wild type,indicating that OsMKKK70 functions redundantly with its homologs Os MKKK62 and Os MKKK55.Biochemical analysis demonstrated that OsMKKK70 is an active kinase and that OsMKKK70 interacts with Os MKK4 and promotes Os MAPK6 phosphorylation.In addition,the osmkkk62/70 double mutant showed reduced sensitivity to Brassinosteroids(BRs).Finally,overexpressing constitutively active Os MKK4,Os MAPK6,and Os WRKY53 can partially complement the smaller seed size,erect leaf,and BR hyposensitivity of the osmkkk62/70 double mutant.Taken together,these findings suggest that OsMKKK70 might regulate grain size and leaf angle in rice by activating Os MAPK6 and that OsMKKK70,Os MKK4,Os MAPK6,and Os WRKY53 function in a common signaling pathway that controls grain shape and leaf angle.
基金funded by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LY21E020010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52102315)the Fundamental Research Fund of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University (2021Y005)。
摘要Tin-based sulfides have attracted increasing attention as anodes for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs) owing to their high theoretical capacity;however, the poor rate capability and inferior cycling stability caused by the low electrical conductivity, sluggish kinetics and drastic volume variations during cycling have greatly hampered their practical applications. Herein, heterostructured NiS2@SnS2 hybrid spheres were delicately designed and constructed by anchoring interconnected SnS2 nanosheets on metalorganic frameworks(MOFs)-derived Ni S2 hollow spheres coupled with N-doped carbon skeleton through facile solvothermal and sulfurization/carbonization processes. The unique hollow heterostructure with highly conductive carbon matrix can effectively facilitate the charge transfer kinetics and ensure the desired buffer space while endowing more active sites and enhanced structural integrity, as demonstrated by the experimental and density functional theory(DFT) results. Benefitting from these merits, the NiS2@SnS2 hybrid composite displays a high reversible capacity of 820 m Ah g-1 after 250 cycles at 1 A g-1, and retains a value of 673 m Ah g-1after 1,300 cycles at 5 A g-1, manifesting the excellent high-rate and durable sodium storage behaviors when applied in SIBs. This study shall shed more light on the fabricating and interface engineering of other transition metal-based composite anodes for high-performance SIBs.
基金Z.Q.L.acknowledges the financial support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFB3506000 and 2022YFA1602701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271235 and 52121001)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.JQ23005).P.X.Q.acknowledges the financial support of the China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(No.BX20230451).
摘要Searching for novel ferromagnetic oxides with high Curie temperature(TC)has been one of the main goals for oxide spintronics.The well-known perovskite cobaltate LaCoO3 is a classical ferromagnet in its thin-film form;however,it suffers from a low TC(~85 K).Here we report a new type of ferromagnetic La-Co-O films with an ultrahigh TC of~820 K.They are fabricated by pulsed laser deposition from a LaCoO3 target at low oxygen partial pressures.Detailed structural analysis indicates that they crystallize in terms of the Ruddlesden–Popper phase of La2CoO4±x.In sharp contrast to the antiferromagnetism of bulk La2CoO4,the strong ferromagnetism in the La2CoO4±x thin films is firmly demonstrated by magnetometry measurements,X-ray magnetic circular dichroism characterization,and magnetotransport experiments.More importantly,density functional theory calculations indicate that the nonstoichiometric oxygen induces an antiferromagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition,accompanied by the orbital reconstruction of Co 3d electrons.Thus,our study provides an attractive strategy for designing or synthesizing exotic magnetic oxides with high ordering temperatures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52031001,and 91960101)。
摘要Sm-Co nanoparticles (NPs) are promising candidates for preparing superstable magnets and exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets with unprecedented magnetic properties.However,the morphology evolution of the NPs remains unclear.Here,single crystalline SmCox(x=4.07,4.79,6.94,and 8.61) NPs with dimensions below the critical size of a single magnetic domain were synthesized.These NPs consist of Sm2Co7,SmCo5,and Sm2Co17phases with divergent typical morphologies.An evolution model for the different morphological characteristics was proposed based on phase-structure changes and surface-energy calculations using the density functional theory.The results show that these SmCo4.79 NPs can be well aligned along the easy magnetization axis and exhibit an ultrahigh coercivity of 5.7 T,thus enabling to advance the control of NP morphology and to facilitate their use in superstable or nanocomposite magnets.