Grid forecasting can be used to effectively enhance the spatial and temporal density of forecast products,thereby improving the capability of short-term marine disaster forecasting and warnings in terms of proximity.T...Grid forecasting can be used to effectively enhance the spatial and temporal density of forecast products,thereby improving the capability of short-term marine disaster forecasting and warnings in terms of proximity.The traditional method that relies on forecasters'subjective correction of station observation data for forecasting has been unable to meet the practical needs of refined forecasting.To address this problem,this paper proposes a Transformer-enhanced UNet(TransUNet)model for wave forecast AI correction,which fuses wind and wave information.The Transformer structure is integrated into the encoder of the UNet model,and instead of using the traditional upsampling method,the dual-sampling module is employed in the decoder to enhance the feature extraction capability.This paper compares the TransUNet model with the traditional UNet model using wind speed forecast data,wave height forecast data,and significant wave height reanalysis data provided by ECMWF.The experimental results indicate that the TransUNet model yields smaller root-meansquare errors,mean errors,and standard deviations of the corrected results for the next 24-h forecasts than does the UNet model.Specifically,the root-mean-square error decreased by more than 21.55%compared to its precorrection value.According to the statistical analysis,87.81%of the corrected wave height errors for the next 24-h forecast were within±0.2m,with only 4.56%falling beyond±0.3 m.This model effectively limits the error range and enhances the ability to forecast wave heights.展开更多
待分解信号复杂度增大时传统单信号分解技术易产生过高特征空间维度的高频本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),从而严重限制了长短时记忆神经网络(long short term memory,LSTM)的长时序预报能力。以舟山群岛南部外海某观测点...待分解信号复杂度增大时传统单信号分解技术易产生过高特征空间维度的高频本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),从而严重限制了长短时记忆神经网络(long short term memory,LSTM)的长时序预报能力。以舟山群岛南部外海某观测点所收集的海浪数据为基础,提出融合ICEEMDAN-VMD级联分解策略和LSTM的混合模型。该混合模型准确捕捉海洋波浪的非线性特征和长时序依赖规律,提高了复杂海况下对有效波高、有效波周期、波向的长时预报能力。与多变量LSTM模型相比,混合模型的48 h和72 h有效波高预测均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)降幅分别为53.9%和33.8%,有效波周期预测RMSE降幅分别为46.1%和39.1%,波向预测RMSE降幅分别为30.5%和23.9%。与EMD-LSTM模型相比,混合模型有效波高、有效波周期、波向的RMSE平均降幅分别为13.52%、17.79%、15.39%。展开更多
基金supported by the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(Grant No.SML2023SP214)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62071279 and 42206029)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0608804)。
摘要Grid forecasting can be used to effectively enhance the spatial and temporal density of forecast products,thereby improving the capability of short-term marine disaster forecasting and warnings in terms of proximity.The traditional method that relies on forecasters'subjective correction of station observation data for forecasting has been unable to meet the practical needs of refined forecasting.To address this problem,this paper proposes a Transformer-enhanced UNet(TransUNet)model for wave forecast AI correction,which fuses wind and wave information.The Transformer structure is integrated into the encoder of the UNet model,and instead of using the traditional upsampling method,the dual-sampling module is employed in the decoder to enhance the feature extraction capability.This paper compares the TransUNet model with the traditional UNet model using wind speed forecast data,wave height forecast data,and significant wave height reanalysis data provided by ECMWF.The experimental results indicate that the TransUNet model yields smaller root-meansquare errors,mean errors,and standard deviations of the corrected results for the next 24-h forecasts than does the UNet model.Specifically,the root-mean-square error decreased by more than 21.55%compared to its precorrection value.According to the statistical analysis,87.81%of the corrected wave height errors for the next 24-h forecast were within±0.2m,with only 4.56%falling beyond±0.3 m.This model effectively limits the error range and enhances the ability to forecast wave heights.
摘要待分解信号复杂度增大时传统单信号分解技术易产生过高特征空间维度的高频本征模态函数(intrinsic mode function,IMF),从而严重限制了长短时记忆神经网络(long short term memory,LSTM)的长时序预报能力。以舟山群岛南部外海某观测点所收集的海浪数据为基础,提出融合ICEEMDAN-VMD级联分解策略和LSTM的混合模型。该混合模型准确捕捉海洋波浪的非线性特征和长时序依赖规律,提高了复杂海况下对有效波高、有效波周期、波向的长时预报能力。与多变量LSTM模型相比,混合模型的48 h和72 h有效波高预测均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)降幅分别为53.9%和33.8%,有效波周期预测RMSE降幅分别为46.1%和39.1%,波向预测RMSE降幅分别为30.5%和23.9%。与EMD-LSTM模型相比,混合模型有效波高、有效波周期、波向的RMSE平均降幅分别为13.52%、17.79%、15.39%。