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基于形态学和DNA条形码的青藏高原东缘鼢鼠物种鉴定 认领 引用
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作者 蔡振媛 孔虹颖 +8 位作者 何振邦 宋鹏飞 郭凡 李斌 梁程博 胡天石 徐波 林中原 张同作 《兽类学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第1期116-128,共13页
物种分类和鉴定是生物学研究的基石,综合分子生物学和经典分类学方法进行物种鉴定可提高结果可靠性。本研究采用传统形态学和线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)序列对青藏高原东缘青海省海东市平安区采集的74个鼢鼠样本进行物种鉴定。头骨形... 物种分类和鉴定是生物学研究的基石,综合分子生物学和经典分类学方法进行物种鉴定可提高结果可靠性。本研究采用传统形态学和线粒体细胞色素b基因(Cyt b)序列对青藏高原东缘青海省海东市平安区采集的74个鼢鼠样本进行物种鉴定。头骨形态鉴定结果显示,尾巴被稀疏短白毛的鼢鼠个体(Pac)为甘肃鼢鼠(Eospalax cansus),而尾巴被密毛的个体(Pab)为高原鼢鼠(Eospalax baileyi)。74个鼢鼠样本的Cyt b序列共定义了25个单倍型,结合GenBank中8种鼢鼠的Cyt b序列进行分析,在构建的系统发育树中,已知8种鼢鼠序列各自聚为1个单系群,平安区Pab的16个单倍型与已知高原鼢鼠聚为一支,Pac的8个单倍型与已知甘肃鼢鼠聚为一支。遗传距离结果显示,Pac与已知甘肃鼢鼠遗传距离小于与其他物种的遗传距离(P<0.001),Pab与已知高原鼢鼠的遗传距离小于与其他物种的遗传距离(P<0.001)。Cyt b基因分析和形态鉴定结果一致,Cyt b是鼢鼠鉴定的一个有效的DNA条形码基因。综合形态学和DNA条形码鉴定结果,平安区分布着2种鼢鼠:甘肃鼢鼠和高原鼢鼠。在地理分布上,甘肃鼢鼠主要分布在平安区北部邻近黄土高原海拔相对较低的区域,高原鼢鼠则分布在南部邻近青藏高原海拔相对较高的区域。本研究加深了对平安区鼢鼠物种组成和分布特征的了解,并为解决鼢鼠物种形态鉴定难的问题提供了DNA条形码解决方案。 展开更多
关键词 DNA条形码技术 鼢鼠 Cyt b 形态 系统发育 遗传距离
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Whole-genome sequencing provides insights into the evolutionary adaptation and conservation of gibbons 认领 引用
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作者 Guiqiang Wang Yajiang Wu +8 位作者 Song Wang Ting Jia Peng Yang Zhongshi Xu Wenhui Niu Fen Shan Chen Wang Wu Chen Ting Sun 《Journal of Genetics and Genomics》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第2期269-282,共14页
Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activ... Gibbons are small,arboreal apes that play a critical role in tropical biodiversity and ecosystem ecology.However,nearly all species of gibbons are threatened by habitat loss,illegal trade,hunting,and other human activities.Long-term poor understanding of their genetics and evolution undermines effective conservation efforts.In this study,we analyse comparative population genomic data of four Nomascus species.Our results reveal strong genetic differentiation and gene flow among Nomascus species.Additionally,we identify genomic features that are potentially related to natural selection linked to vocalization,fructose metabolism,motor balance,and body size,consistent with the unique phenotype and adaptability of gibbons.Inbreeding,coupled with population declines due to climate change and historical human activities,leads to reduced genetic diversity and the accumulation of deleterious variations that likely affect cardiovascular disease and the reproductive potential of gibbons and further reduce their fitness,highlighting the urgent need for effective conservation strategies. 展开更多
关键词 Gibbons Genetic diversity Population history Adaptive evolution Conservation
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Mei4 deficiency induces sexual dimorphism in early meiosis and promotes production of unreduced eggs in zebrafish 认领 引用
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作者 Li-Jun Miao Li Zhou +11 位作者 Yan Chen Zhi Li Xiao Han Fang Peng Lei Yang Yu-Die Li Xiao-Juan Zhang Meng Lu Zhong-Wei Wang Xi-Yin Li Jian-Fang Gui Yang Wang 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2026年第2期547-560,共14页
Polyploidy frequently originates from meiotic failure,with mis-segregation of homologous chromosomes commonly arising from impaired formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs).Meiotic double-stranded break ... Polyploidy frequently originates from meiotic failure,with mis-segregation of homologous chromosomes commonly arising from impaired formation of programmed DNA double-strand breaks(DSBs).Meiotic double-stranded break formation protein 4(Mei4)is essential for recruiting the Sporulation-specific protein 11(Spo11)nuclease to chromosome axes to initiate DSB formation in yeast and mice,yet its role in fish remains uncharacterized.In this study,mei4−/−zebrafish mutants were generated and exhibited severe defects in synapsis,DSB formation,homologous recombination,and crossover(CO)formation during meiosis in both male and female germ cells.Notably,pronounced sexual dimorphism in responses to Mei4 deficiency was observed during meiotic prophase I,with males exhibiting complete sterility due to meiotic arrest,while females produced numerous aneuploid oocytes and a minority of unreduced eggs due to defective chromosome segregation.Remarkably,crosses between mei4−/−females and wild-type males yielded a substantial number of viable triploid progeny.These findings demonstrate functional conservation of Mei4 in mediating meiotic DSB formation across vertebrates,reveal sexspecific divergence in meiotic responses to recombination failure in this vertebrate model,and highlight a critical role for DSB-dependent crossover failure in the genesis of polyploidy. 展开更多
关键词 Polyploidy Meiosis Mei4 DSB Sexual dimorphism Unreduced eggs
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基于线粒体基因组特征揭示南海长足螺系统进化关系 认领 引用
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作者 毛明光 唐向诚 +3 位作者 耿小明 王亚茹 秦传新 蒋洁兰 《水生生物学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第3期29-42,共14页
本研究通过解析南海长足螺(Oxynoe nanhaiensis sp.nov.)线粒体基因组特征并构建系统发育树,旨在确定其分类学地位,以丰富我国囊舌目物种多样性的记录。通过二代基因测序技术获得该物种线粒体全基因组,并对其序列进行了结构分析,分别利... 本研究通过解析南海长足螺(Oxynoe nanhaiensis sp.nov.)线粒体基因组特征并构建系统发育树,旨在确定其分类学地位,以丰富我国囊舌目物种多样性的记录。通过二代基因测序技术获得该物种线粒体全基因组,并对其序列进行了结构分析,分别利用近缘物种的线粒体基因组和cox1基因构建系统发育树,确定其进化地位;利用植物叶绿体基因保守片段序列设计引物,通过PCR技术扩增该物种体内叶绿体基因,分析其是否存在“盗食质体”现象。该物种线粒体基因组全长16189 bp,包含13个蛋白编码基因、22个转运RNA(tRNA);2个核糖体RNA(rRNA)基因及2个非编码区;碱基组成表现出高A+T、低G+C含量的偏向性;在蛋白质编码基因中共有4种起始密码子(AUG、GUG、UUG、AUA)、3种终止密码子(TAG、TAA和T––);碱基组成存在明显的AT偏向和弱AT负偏斜现象;tRNA二级结构预测中有8个能形成典型的三叶草结构,其余14个三叶草图缺失DHU臂或TΨC臂等关键元件;与序列比对相似度较高、大小相接近的物种以最大似然法(ML)构建线粒体基因组系统发育树,但由于其相近种线粒体基因组信息缺少,结果显示该物种与Ascobulla fragilis聚为一支。选取非囊舌目物种南海小叶海蛞蝓(Phyllidiella nanhaiensis)及囊舌目无壳类物种绒毛海天牛(Elysia tomentosa)作为外群,采用ML法构建cox1进化树,结果显示,该物种与长足螺属(Oxynoe)物种归为一支,其与三个长足螺属物种O.kylie、O.jordani、O.viridis的cox1基因遗传距离分别为5.00、3.93和5.15。结合形态特征与分子鉴定结果表明,该物种为长足螺属新种,将之命名为南海长足螺。与PCR扩增所获该物种体内叶绿体基因片段序列经比对后,发现其与多种藻类相似度都高达94%以上,疑似存在“盗食质体”现象,这与部分囊舌目物种的特征相符。本研究解析了一种长足螺属新物种——南海长足螺的线粒体基因组序列及其结构特征,并通过系统发育分析了南海长足螺的分类地位,结果为囊舌目的物种多样性、系统发育与演化研究提供科学数据。 展开更多
关键词 囊舌目 线粒体基因组 系统发育 盗食质体 南海长足螺
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Diverse mitogenomic variations contribute to population differentiation in Eurasian tree sparrows(Passer montanus) 认领 引用
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作者 Cheng-Bin Shan Ning Wang +10 位作者 Wei Liang Xiang-Jiang Zhan Long-Wu Wang Le Yang Qiong Liu Yan-Lin Liu Hao Meng Hai-Tao Wang Wei Xie Sangeet Lamichhaney Bin Liang 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2026年第1期101-116,共16页
Mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)play a crucial role in species adaptation to diverse evolutionary pressures.Although adaptive changes in mitochondrial genes have been reported under extreme conditions,large-scale an... Mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)play a crucial role in species adaptation to diverse evolutionary pressures.Although adaptive changes in mitochondrial genes have been reported under extreme conditions,large-scale analyses of mitogenomic evolution across ecologically diverse habitats are still limited.The Eurasian tree sparrow(Passer montanus),one of the most widely distributed avian species,occupies variable habitats,providing an ideal model for investigating mitochondrial responses to environmental heterogeneity.This study examined mitogenomic variation in tree sparrow populations sampled across China,revealing pronounced mitochondrial divergence in geographically isolated populations,particularly those in southern Xizang on the QinghaiXizang Plateau and the continental islands of Hainan and Taiwan.In the high-altitude population of southern Xizang,non-synonymous substitutions in COX2 and COX3 may enhance protein stability,potentially facilitating adaptation to cold and hypoxic conditions.In contrast,substitutions in ATP6(Hainan)and ND5(Taiwan)may reduce protein stability,implying distinct mitogenomic responses to local environmental constraints.Moreover,distinct t RNA mutations in the Hainan populations may confer increased structural flexibility,potentially contributing to islandspecific adaptation.These findings highlight the role of mitochondrial genomes in responding to ecological variation and geographic barriers,underscoring the prospective functional consequences of mitogenomic evolution. 展开更多
关键词 Whole mitochondrial genomes Eurasian tree sparrows Geographical isolation Genetic drift Local adaptation
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基于线粒体COI和Cyt b基因研究青藏高原喜马拉雅旱獭种群遗传多样性 认领 引用
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作者 张爱萍 李玲雯 +7 位作者 谷昕玥 张鹏辉 王文龙 杨春辉 马林德 刘中凯 史艳文 马英 《中国人兽共患病学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第7期675-680,共6页
目的分析青藏高原喜马拉雅旱獭种群动态和遗传结构,解决当前鼠疫监测和溯源过程中残缺标本的鉴定瓶颈问题,为鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法采集喜马拉雅旱獭组织样本,提取基因组DNA,扩增线粒体COI和Cyt b基因片段,并进行测序分析。结果COI... 目的分析青藏高原喜马拉雅旱獭种群动态和遗传结构,解决当前鼠疫监测和溯源过程中残缺标本的鉴定瓶颈问题,为鼠疫防控提供科学依据。方法采集喜马拉雅旱獭组织样本,提取基因组DNA,扩增线粒体COI和Cyt b基因片段,并进行测序分析。结果COI和Cyt b基因序列的碱基转换值均显著高于颠换值,COI基因序列的种内遗传距离范围为0.0001~0.012,Cyt b基因序列的种内遗传距离范围则为0.001~0.03。基于Cyt b基因构建的NJ系统聚类树显示,喜马拉雅旱獭聚为一个主要分支,表明喜马拉雅旱獭具有独立的母系起源。结论基于COI基因的DNA条形码技术非常适用于鼠疫自然疫源地宿主动物鉴定和疫情处置现场传染源的快速识别及追溯诊断研究。 展开更多
关键词 COI Cyt b 喜马拉雅旱獭 遗传多样性 青藏高原
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Expression level and spatial distribution of opsin gene in Oratosquilla oratoria compound eye 认领 引用
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作者 Fangrui LOU Xiaowen DUAN +2 位作者 Jiaoli ZHOU Yue DING Zhiqiang HAN 《Journal of Oceanology and Limnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第1期340-356,共17页
Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)a... Due to the unique microstructure and diverse opsin genes of the trinocular compound eye,stomatopoda possess an extraordinary ability to perceive multiple properties of light.They not only can detect natural light(NL)and linearly polarized light(LPL),but also are the only animals capable of recognizing circularly polarized light(CPL).Here,we integrated single-cell RNA sequencing,previously published Illumina data,and in-situ hybridization(ISH)to quantify and localize functional opsin genes in Oratosquilla oratoria,a common stomatopoda species in the China Sea.A total of high-quality 31777 cells were captured for the first time in the O.oratoria compound eye,which were classified into 25 cell subpopulations,and hypothesized that cluster 22 is a critical cell subpopulation responsible for light(whether NL,LPL,or CPL)response in O.oratoria.Furthermore,we propose that the long-wavelengthsensitive opsin gene(lws)gene family,retinol dehydrogenase(rdh),voltage-gated ion channel(vgic),arrestin(arr),and myosin(myo)collectively mediate the light response in O.oratoria.Considering that very few vision-related opsin genes show differential expression in right-handed CPL(RCPL)-vs.-dark(DL),which provides additional evidence that stomatopoda cannot recognize RCPL.Meanwhile,we believe that UV-stimulated scaffold protein A(uvssa)and red pigment concentrating hormone(rpch)play special contributions in the left-handed CPL(LCPL)environment response.ISH revealing that 16 lws,6 middle-wavelength-sensitive(mws),and 2 ultraviolet(uv)opsin genes were expressed in the photoreceptors of the O.oratoria compound eye.Although the inability to determine the functional types of cell subpopulations limits the resolution of opsin genes,these findings systematically elucidate the specific expression patterns of opsin genes in O.oratoria and represent a significant step toward refining the visual ecological theory of O.oratoria and other stomatopod species. 展开更多
关键词 Oratosquilla oratoria opsin gene expression pattern single-cell RNA sequencing in-situ hybridization
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Molecular divergence of TRPA1 in cetaceans supports lineage-specific adaptation to aquatic life 认领 引用
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作者 Tian-Zhen Wu Xian-Ting Huang +3 位作者 Yu-Qing Deng Luo-Ying Deme Shi-Xia Xu Guang Yang 《Zoological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2026年第1期117-127,共11页
Gene loss represents a powerful driver of adaptive evolution.Cetaceans,which underwent a profound transition from terrestrial to fully aquatic life,provide an excellent model for investigating this process.Comparative... Gene loss represents a powerful driver of adaptive evolution.Cetaceans,which underwent a profound transition from terrestrial to fully aquatic life,provide an excellent model for investigating this process.Comparative genomic analysis of the cold-sensitive ion channel transient receptor potential ankyrin 1(TRPA1)revealed lineage-specific patterns of degeneration across cetaceans.In toothed whales,the ancestral lineage exhibited extensive exon loss within the TRPA1 locus,whereas baleen whales showed signatures consistent with markedly reduced or absent TRPA1 expression.These molecular alterations were inferred to disrupt or abolish TRPA1 protein function across cetaceans.Integration of these findings with established experimental evidence from human and murine TRPA1 studies supported several adaptive hypotheses for TRPA1 gene loss,including tolerance to abrupt thermal fluctuations,attenuation of nociceptive responses in aquatic environments,specialization of integumentary sensory systems,and the emergence of echolocation-associated sensory trade-offs in toothed whales.Collectively,these findings expand the gene loss repertoire of cetaceans and provide novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of secondary aquatic adaptation in mammals. 展开更多
关键词 Cetacean Gene loss TRPA1 Molecular evolution Evolutionary adaptation
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基于简化基因组测序的精巧扁脑珊瑚微卫星分布特征分析及引物开发 认领 引用
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作者 贾舒雯 王义 +3 位作者 蔡泽富 沈捷 张剑 陈石泉 《海洋湖沼通报（中英文）》 CSCD 北大核心 2026年第3期123-130,共8页
受全球气候变化、环境污染、人类活动等影响,南海珊瑚礁生态系统退化趋势严峻。造礁石珊瑚的遗传多样性对珊瑚礁生态系统的恢复和保护具有重要意义。为了获得适合遗传多样性分析的分子标记,本研究对精巧扁脑珊瑚进行简化基因组测序,利用... 受全球气候变化、环境污染、人类活动等影响,南海珊瑚礁生态系统退化趋势严峻。造礁石珊瑚的遗传多样性对珊瑚礁生态系统的恢复和保护具有重要意义。为了获得适合遗传多样性分析的分子标记,本研究对精巧扁脑珊瑚进行简化基因组测序,利用MISA软件对精巧扁脑珊瑚简化基因组数据的微卫星位点进行识别和分析。并以海南文昌群体为样本,对微卫星位点进行多态性检测。本研究共检测到微卫星位点6862个,其中四碱基重复单元最多,共2294个,占微卫星位点总数的33.43%;其次是三碱基重复单元,共有2223个,占总数的32.40%。随机设计124对引物,在33个精巧扁脑珊瑚样品中进行多态性分析。共有20对引物表现出多态性。20个微卫星位点的等位基因范围为4~13。观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态性信息含量(PIC)的范围分别为0.143~0.875、0.256~0.867、0.248~0.853。本研究利用简化基因组测序技术开发的微卫星标记可用于精巧扁脑珊瑚的遗传多样性分析。 展开更多
关键词 精巧扁脑珊瑚 简化基因组测序 微卫星分布特征 多态性位点
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青藏高原鼠兔肠道抗生素抗性基因表达特征研究 认领 引用
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作者 张芸芸 毕婕 +2 位作者 陈晨 冯丽媛 李欢 《生物学杂志》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第4期16-22,共7页
为系统揭示高原鼠兔肠道抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)表达的分布特征,本研究利用高通量宏转录组学技术分析了在青藏高原低(3 694 m)、中(3 856 m)、高(4 331 m)等3个海拔采集的高原鼠兔肠道样本。结果共鉴定出160个高表达的ARGs。肠道微生物群... 为系统揭示高原鼠兔肠道抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)表达的分布特征,本研究利用高通量宏转录组学技术分析了在青藏高原低(3 694 m)、中(3 856 m)、高(4 331 m)等3个海拔采集的高原鼠兔肠道样本。结果共鉴定出160个高表达的ARGs。肠道微生物群采取“外排泵(42.8%)”和“靶点改变(45.9%)”的低能耗策略来适应能量受限的环境,而高能耗的抗生素失活机制仅占2%。筛选出的6类高风险ARGs(如bacA,ermB,tetW)在中海拔富集,且与条件致病菌(如Comamonas和Bacillus)呈显著正相关,提示存在跨物种传播的潜在风险。本研究揭示了高原鼠兔肠道抗生素抗性基因在不同海拔梯度表达的特征,为评估高原野生哺乳动物ARGs的传播风险提供了科学依据。 展开更多
关键词 高原鼠兔 宏转录组学 抗生素抗性基因 海拔梯度 条件致病菌
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Identifying reliable reference genes for qPCR in skinks under different thermal stress 认领 引用
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作者 Ziwen Yang Lining Chen +4 位作者 Wenning Zhang Huiyuan Wu Jiehong Ji Jiayong Zhang Danna Yu 《Zoological Systematics》 CSCD 2026年第2期150-162,共13页
Global warming has emerged as the predominant trend in global climate change,with forecasts suggesting a rise in the occurrence and severity of extreme weather phenomena.As a result,ectothermic animals have become ide... Global warming has emerged as the predominant trend in global climate change,with forecasts suggesting a rise in the occurrence and severity of extreme weather phenomena.As a result,ectothermic animals have become ideal model organisms for investigating the potential impacts of climate change on global biodiversity.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)is a widely used technique for gene expression analysis.However,stable reference genes suitable for accurate normalization of transcriptional data across lizard samples have not yet been established.In this study,three skink species-Scincella modesta,S.reevesii,and Ateuchosaurus chinensis-were selected as model organisms to evaluate the expression stability of eight candidate housekeeping genes(18S rRNA,EF1α,ACTB,GAPDH,HPRT1,YWHAZ,RPS15,and RPS18)under nine distinct temperature conditions(6℃,10℃,14℃,18℃,22℃,25℃,28℃,32℃,and 36℃).The Delta Ct method,BestKeeper,NormFinder,GeNorm,and RefFinder were utilized to assess expression consistency and to identify the most suitable reference genes,as well as the ideal number needed for reliable normalization.The results indicated that under varying temperature conditions,the best-performing internal controls were RPS18 and RPS15 for S.modesta;RPS18 and EF1α for S.reevesii;and RPS15 and YWHAZ for A.chinensis.Furthermore,RPS18,RPS15,and EF1α were identified as a stable and commonly applicable set of internal controls for RT-qPCR normalization across all three skink species and are recommended as reliable reference genes for use in related lizards exposed to thermal stress. 展开更多
关键词 Skink normalization reference genes RefFinder
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锰暴露下小刺蛇尾(Ophiothrix exigua)基因表达的转录组学研究 认领 引用
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作者 孟凡旭 孙浩波 王小谷 《海洋学研究》 CSCD 北大核心 2026年第2期74-84,共11页
锰作为一种重要的金属矿产资源,具有广泛的应用价值,同时其潜在的环境危害不容忽视。近岸陆源污染物的排放以及深海海底采矿过程中Mn2+的释放可能导致海水中锰含量超标,进而对海洋生态系统构成威胁。然而,海洋大型底栖生物对锰等金属胁... 锰作为一种重要的金属矿产资源,具有广泛的应用价值,同时其潜在的环境危害不容忽视。近岸陆源污染物的排放以及深海海底采矿过程中Mn2+的释放可能导致海水中锰含量超标,进而对海洋生态系统构成威胁。然而,海洋大型底栖生物对锰等金属胁迫的分子响应机制仍不明确。为此,本文以广泛分布的海洋底栖生物小刺蛇尾(Ophiothrix exigua)为研究对象,开展了锰暴露响应的转录组学分析。通过转录组测序与比较,共鉴定出3756个差异表达基因,其中1347个单基因表达上调,2409个单基因表达下调。GO功能富集分析与KEGG通路富集分析进一步表明,过量锰离子对小刺蛇尾的神经系统和代谢功能产生了显著影响。 展开更多
关键词 深海采矿 生态胁迫 重金属 锰 差异表达基因 cDNA 转录组 小刺蛇尾
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甘肃安南坝保护区野生双峰驼种群遗传多样性及其数量研究 认领 引用
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作者 吴昊 梁英 +3 位作者 胡发涛 伏海莉 徐武成 于鹏 《兽类学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第3期349-357,共9页
甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区为全球野生双峰驼(Camelus ferus)的三大栖息地之一,是野生双峰驼繁殖的重要区域。由于种群数量稀少和生活习性等原因,该保护区野生双峰驼种群遗传多样性及其种群数量长期缺乏科学统计。本研究于2023—... 甘肃安南坝野骆驼国家级自然保护区为全球野生双峰驼(Camelus ferus)的三大栖息地之一,是野生双峰驼繁殖的重要区域。由于种群数量稀少和生活习性等原因,该保护区野生双峰驼种群遗传多样性及其种群数量长期缺乏科学统计。本研究于2023—2024年,在安南坝国家级自然保护区采集了254份新鲜粪便,通过粪便形态和线粒体Cyt b基因进行物种鉴定,筛选了6对高多态性微卫星引物,用于遗传多样性分析,同时用标志重捕法估算了保护区野生双峰驼的种群数量。结果表明:6个微卫星位点的观测杂合度在0.402~0.962之间,平均值为0.795;期望杂合度在0.444~0.901之间,平均值为0.772。共鉴定出123峰野生双峰驼个体,其中雌性83峰,雄性40峰。雄性个体较少,可能与其成年后离群导致的采样偏差有关。基于TRIM模型估算野生双峰驼数量为275峰,95%置信区间为271~282峰。综上,安南坝国家级自然保护区野生双峰驼种群具有中等水平的遗传多样性,近交程度较低,有利于种群数量的恢复。该保护区分布着约275峰野生双峰驼,可为野生双峰驼种群保护和高质量建设提供重要依据。 展开更多
关键词 野生双峰驼 微卫星 个体识别 遗传多样性 种群数量
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基于线粒体全基因组揭示云猫的系统发育地位与演化历史 认领 引用
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作者 王慧琳 高萌泽 +2 位作者 方韵 孙楠 李国刚 《四川动物》 北大核心 2026年第1期30-41,共12页
云猫Pardofelis marmorata作为近危猫科Felidae物种,系统发育关系存在争议,且属内物种分化研究不足。本研究整合老挝新样本(PV137945)及NCBI公共数据库中的云猫线粒体基因组数据,通过邻接法、贝叶斯法和最大似然法构建系统发育树,并计... 云猫Pardofelis marmorata作为近危猫科Felidae物种,系统发育关系存在争议,且属内物种分化研究不足。本研究整合老挝新样本(PV137945)及NCBI公共数据库中的云猫线粒体基因组数据,通过邻接法、贝叶斯法和最大似然法构建系统发育树,并计算遗传距离、估算分化时间及模拟种群历史动态,从而初步揭示该属演化机制。结果表明:云猫属Pardofelis与金猫属Catopuma互为姐妹群,共同构成猫科金猫谱系,与猎豹属Acinonyx、美洲金猫属Puma、猞猁属Lynx及豹猫属Prionailurus和猫属Felis依次聚类,云豹属Neofelis为最早分化类群。云猫属内不同种群间呈现显著遗传分化,东南亚大陆种群与巽他群岛种群的遗传距离达0.036(猫科种间水平),分化时间为2.37 Ma(95%HPD:1.95~2.80 Ma),支持二者为独立物种的观点,该分化可能与更新世早期海平面变化及地理隔离相关。种群动态分析表明,云猫有效种群大小大约在0.15 Ma呈现下降趋势,可能与青藏高原隆升引发的气候变化和栖息地退缩相关。本研究为云猫的系统分类修订和保护单元划分提供了分子证据。 展开更多
关键词 线粒体基因组 云猫 系统发育 遗传分化 谱系地理学
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动物景观遗传隔离模式研究进展 认领 引用
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作者 李月辉 《生态学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第8期3861-3872,共12页
景观遗传学由群体遗传学和景观生态学交叉融合而成,研究景观特征如何影响物种微进化过程,具有重要的理论和实践意义。因动物能够自由运动如扩散、迁徙等,动物景观遗传学研究备受关注,其核心研究内容为4种隔离模式,即地理距离隔离、景观... 景观遗传学由群体遗传学和景观生态学交叉融合而成,研究景观特征如何影响物种微进化过程,具有重要的理论和实践意义。因动物能够自由运动如扩散、迁徙等,动物景观遗传学研究备受关注,其核心研究内容为4种隔离模式,即地理距离隔离、景观阻力隔离、环境隔离和障碍隔离。面对该学科的迅速发展,概括了4种隔离模式的研究框架,总结6个研究趋势:(1)应用高分辨率的景观数据和全基因组DNA数据,(2)发展多变量优化模型方法并与机器学习法相结合,(3)综合研究多种隔离模式,(4)探讨多尺度下多隔离模式特征,(5)解决景观格局和种群空间遗传结构之间的时滞问题,以及(6)结合动物运动行为研究景观遗传隔离模式,旨在为动物景观遗传学研究提供有效参考。 展开更多
关键词 景观生态学 景观遗传学 景观格局 种群空间遗传结构 地理距离隔离 景观阻力隔离 障碍隔离 多变量优化模型 空间自相关 时滞 动物运动
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RNA特异性腺苷脱氨酶在无脊椎动物中的功能研究进展 认领 引用
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作者 李红岩 张依 《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第1期125-133,共9页
RNA特异性腺苷脱氨酶(Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA,ADAR)蛋白家族广泛分布于脊椎动物与无脊椎动物中。目前,脊椎动物ADAR的功能研究已较为系统和深入,诸多研究指出了其在免疫调控、病毒防御、癌症治疗以及神经发育等多个领域发... RNA特异性腺苷脱氨酶(Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA,ADAR)蛋白家族广泛分布于脊椎动物与无脊椎动物中。目前,脊椎动物ADAR的功能研究已较为系统和深入,诸多研究指出了其在免疫调控、病毒防御、癌症治疗以及神经发育等多个领域发挥的关键作用。本文归纳了无脊椎动物ADAR研究中的关键问题,重点聚焦于其结构特征、表达模式、RNA编辑情况,以及在免疫和神经发育方面的功能。分析表明,无脊椎动物ADAR与脊椎动物ADAR具有相似的功能,这充分体现了ADAR在无脊椎与脊椎动物之间功能的高度保守性。在此基础上,本文对无脊椎动物ADAR的系统演化规律及其在跨物种适应性中的分子机制研究前景进行了展望,以期为深入解析ADAR家族的进化保守性与功能多样性提供理论参考。 展开更多
关键词 RNA特异性腺苷脱氨酶蛋白 无脊椎动物 RNA编辑 先天免疫 神经系统
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禽鸟类羽色变异的研究进展:从白化机制到进化意义 认领 引用
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作者 王铁峰 王兆淼 +1 位作者 杨博慧 袁英良 《畜牧业环境》 2026年第6期11-12,共2页
禽类羽色多样性的形成是遗传、发育、环境各因素相互作用的结果,基因组学的发展推动了羽色分子机制研究。本文系统梳理了禽鸟羽色形成的分子基础,介绍了羽色变异的遗传机制,探讨了羽色多样性的进化驱动力及研究方法创新,并以印度孔雀为... 禽类羽色多样性的形成是遗传、发育、环境各因素相互作用的结果,基因组学的发展推动了羽色分子机制研究。本文系统梳理了禽鸟羽色形成的分子基础,介绍了羽色变异的遗传机制,探讨了羽色多样性的进化驱动力及研究方法创新,并以印度孔雀为典型模式物种,阐述PMEL基因在白化形成中的作用,提出羽色表型演化规律的见解。 展开更多
关键词 禽类羽色 遗传机制 分子机制
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Metagenomic analysis of vitamins B and K2 biosynthesis by gut microbiota in wild birds 认领 引用
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作者 Jinwen Su Linhong Xie +9 位作者 Ling Wang Congcong Lei Yingqian Gao Rui Liu He Ma Jing Jiang Mengting Yang Xiaoxuan Zhang Hongbo Ni Fulong Nan 《Avian Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第2期465-477,共13页
The role of gut microbiota in vitamin biosynthesis in wild birds,which is essential for understanding avian health and ecological adaptation,remains largely unexplored.In this study,metagenomic analysis was conducted ... The role of gut microbiota in vitamin biosynthesis in wild birds,which is essential for understanding avian health and ecological adaptation,remains largely unexplored.In this study,metagenomic analysis was conducted on 10,455 metagenome-assembled genomes(MAGs)from 718 wild bird gut samples.After quality assessment and dereplication,1947 MAGs were retained for systematic analysis of vitamin B and K2 biosynthesis potential.A total of 106,336 vitamin biosynthesis genes were identiffiified,and 1164 MAGs(including 410 high-quality MAGs with>90%completeness and<5%contamination)were predicted to de novo synthesize at least one vitamin.Vitamin biosynthesis genes mainly originated from Pseudomonadota,Campylobacterota,Bacillota_A,and Actinomycetota,with dominant genera including Campylobacter_D,Escherichia,and Cutibacterium.Compared with chickens,the gut microbiota of wild birds was enriched in biotin,folate,and pantothenate biosynthesis genes,likely reffllflecting adaptation to diverse natural diets and ffllfluctuating environments.Among all examined factors,host species explained the largest proportion of variation in vitamin biosynthesis gene composition,followed by environmental variables,while migratory behavior and primary diet showed relatively smaller but detectable associations.Dietary differences appeared to be associated with variations in vitamin biosynthetic potential,with crop-and insect-dominant birds tending to show higher representation of genes involved in the synthesis of multiple B vitamins,whereas aquatic-plant dominant birds exhibited relatively greater representation of folate biosynthetic pathways.Migratory birds exhibited signiffiificantly higher diversity but comparable relative abundance of vitamin biosynthesis genes compared with resident birds,suggesting a more ffllflexible microbial metabolic potential to meet ffllfluctuating nutritional demands during long-distance movement.Distinct microbial contributors were identiffiified,with Escherichia and Pseudomonas_E being more prominent in migratory birds,and Campylobacter_D in resident birds.Collectively,this study provides novel insights into gut microbiota-driven vitamin biosynthesis in wild birds. 展开更多
关键词 Diet adaptation Environmental factors Gut microbiota Host specificity Migratory behavior Vitamin biosynthesis Wild birds
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Post-glacial expansion and migration-drift balance shape the genetic structure of the Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus)across its range 认领 引用
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作者 Nikolaos Lioupis Anastasios Bounas +12 位作者 Olga Alexandrou Taulant Bino Sebastian Bugariu Svilen Cheshmedzhiev Kiraz Erciyas-Yavuz Mihai Marinov Alexandru Dorosencu Victoria Saravia-Mullin Vladimir Tarasov Ana Uskoković Nyambayar Batbayar Giorgos Catsadorakis Konstantinos Sotiropoulos 《Avian Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第3期786-794,共9页
Understanding range-wide genetic diversity,population structure and connectivity is fundamental for evaluating the evolutionary potential and conservation needs of a species.The Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus)is ... Understanding range-wide genetic diversity,population structure and connectivity is fundamental for evaluating the evolutionary potential and conservation needs of a species.The Dalmatian Pelican(Pelecanus crispus)is a long-lived colonial waterbird,with a broad distribution from southeastern Europe to Central Asia.It experienced severe anthropogenic population declines during the 19th–20th centuries but has recently recovered following targeted conservation actions.Despite extensive ecological knowledge,its population genetics have remained unexplored.Here,we present the first comprehensive genetic assessment of the species across its range,using mitochondrial ND2 sequences and a set of microsatellite loci to quantify genetic diversity,characterize population structure,reconstruct demographic history and identify regions of conservation priority.Mitochondrial data revealed low haplotype and nucleotide diversity and a shallow genealogical history indicative of a recent post-glacial expansion from a bottlenecked maternal lineage.Bayesian skyline plot analysis suggested population growth beginning after the Last Glacial Maximum.Microsatellite diversity was uniformly low across colonies,with no private alleles,and differentiation among colonies was detectable,but weak.Bayesian clustering,FST and Dest support a continuous population structure consistent with isolation by distance,under migration-drift balance occurring from the interaction between historical bottlenecks,contemporary gene flow and recent recolonisation.Although overall gene flow appears sufficient to buffer further loss of genetic diversity,the low standing variation highlights the need for continued,coordinated conservation.Our results provide a baseline for future studies on the genetics of the species and support flyway-scale management that prioritises habitat connectivity and safeguards peripheral colonies. 展开更多
关键词 Conservation Dalmatian Pelican Microsatellites mtDNA Pelecanus crispus Population genetics
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Global patterns and data gaps in avian genetic diversity based on mitochondrial Cyt b and COI sequences 认领 引用
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作者 Jingru Li Yang Wu +4 位作者 Jinping Zhang Ping Hu Chaochao Hu Qing Chang Pengcheng Wang 《Avian Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第2期328-336,共9页
Genetic diversity is a fundamental component of biodiversity,with far-reaching implications for the stability and resilience of ecosystems.Despite the growing recognition of the importance of genetic monitoring in wil... Genetic diversity is a fundamental component of biodiversity,with far-reaching implications for the stability and resilience of ecosystems.Despite the growing recognition of the importance of genetic monitoring in wild species,we still lack a clear understanding of which regions are devoid of genetic diversity data and which lineages remain insufffiificiently characterized.Although the cost of genome sequencing has declined dramatically,Sanger sequencing still retains practical and economic advantages for applications in conservation biology.To identify global data gaps and facilitate the application of genetic data in future genetic monitoring,this study searched the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)database for Cytochrome b(Cyt b)and Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I(COI)sequences of all species listed in the Handbook of the Birds of the World(HBW v7.0),and calculated their genetic diversity.The study found that 4052 bird species had at least three available sequences of either Cyt b or COI.These species are mainly distributed in Europe,northern North America,and parts of East Asia,North Asia,and northern Africa,whereas South America,South Africa,South Asia,Southeast Asia,and eastern and northwestern Australia has limited available genetic diversity data.The Cyt b sequence data is entirely absent in groups such as Pterocliformes and Cariamiformes,whereas COI gene data are particularly lacking in Leptosomiformes and Opisthocomiformes.Notably,both genes are completely missing in Musophagiformes and Mesitornithiformes.This uneven distribution of genetic diversity data hinders the development of effective conservation strategies,as such gaps impede the integration of genetic diversity into extinction risk assessments across species.This study highlights priority geographic regions and key evolutionary lineages for future genetic diversity assessments.Despite the inherent limitations of maternally inherited mitochondrial markers,which cannot stand for genome-wide nuclear genetic variation,this study represents the most comprehensive avian genetic diversity dataset currently available.It therefore provides an important baseline for incorporating genetic diversity into extinction risk assessments and for advancing long-term genetic monitoring efforts in birds. 展开更多
关键词 Biodiversity Bird Conservation Genetic variation Genetic monitoring
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