为厘清21世纪以来美国官方卫生发展援助(Official Development Assistance for Health, ODA-H)的战略逻辑、制度特征与实践得失,本文基于2001—2025年美国官方政策文本与援助数据展开分析。研究表明,美国已将ODA-H深度嵌入国家安全与外...为厘清21世纪以来美国官方卫生发展援助(Official Development Assistance for Health, ODA-H)的战略逻辑、制度特征与实践得失,本文基于2001—2025年美国官方政策文本与援助数据展开分析。研究表明,美国已将ODA-H深度嵌入国家安全与外交战略体系,并通过白宫和国会分权制衡、外交与技术部门双轨管理及多元主体契约化执行网络,实现资源动员与跨国行动能力的制度化整合。其资源主要集中于美国本土核心机构及少数多边平台,领域上以传染病防控和公共卫生应急为主,地域上重点投向撒哈拉以南非洲及具有地缘战略意义的区域。该模式在维护美国核心利益和供给全球卫生公共产品方面具有一定效能,但存在政治周期波动、援助供需错配及受援国内生能力培育不足等局限,为中国完善新时期国际卫生发展合作提供启示。展开更多
血液作为重要的资源,直接关系到患者生命健康和医疗业务活动连续性,鉴于其只能来自献血者的自愿捐赠,容易因外界各种因素影响而处于供应紧缺状态。本文作为介绍“英国血液紧缺应急计划”系列文章第一部分,旨在对英国应急管理体系,尤其...血液作为重要的资源,直接关系到患者生命健康和医疗业务活动连续性,鉴于其只能来自献血者的自愿捐赠,容易因外界各种因素影响而处于供应紧缺状态。本文作为介绍“英国血液紧缺应急计划”系列文章第一部分,旨在对英国应急管理体系,尤其是卫生应急管理的情况进行概述。本文阐述了英国的应急管理法规标准体系和机制体制、关于应急准备与实施指导意见的非法规性指导文件、以及负责应急协调与合作的跨部门多机构的地方韧性联席会议制度、英国政府能力建设、有关应急响应主体和应急指挥控制机制等内容;在此基础上,本文进一步详细介绍了英国卫生应急体系的法律基础和国家医疗服务体系(national health service,NHS)应急准备、韧性和响应(emergency preparedness,resilience and response,EPRR)核心标准体系,并列举了相应文件。展开更多
This review explored research trends in One Health and planetary health in the Arab world,a region confronting major sustainability challenges.These fields are crucial in combating global pressing concerns like infect...This review explored research trends in One Health and planetary health in the Arab world,a region confronting major sustainability challenges.These fields are crucial in combating global pressing concerns like infectious diseases,biodiversity loss,antimicrobial resistance,climate change,and air pollution.The COVID-19 pandemic stressed their significance to global health and sustainable development.This analysis assessed the Arab world's contributions to these concepts applying performance analysis and visualization mapping,revealing that One Health outperformed planetary health in terms of productivity and number of contributed countries.Egypt,Saudi Arabia,and the United Arab Emirates have emerged as leading contributors to One Health and planetary health research in the Arab world.Meanwhile,the United States and the United Kingdom,as non-Arab nations,play a pivotal role in fostering collaborative efforts with the region.The trajectory of One Health research has indeed shown remarkable exponential growth,especially since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019,which is an indication of increasing relevance in the address of global health challenges.Conversely,planetary health presents an irregular growth pattern,with a strong point in the development of this area standing out in 2023.The unique set of social,cultural,governance,and agricultural attributes of the Arab region are joined by major environmental challenges that define the focus of both One Health and planetary health research efforts.Climate change,environmental contexts,and public health feature prominently in both One Health and planetary health,with One Health focusing mainly on infectious diseases and planetary health addressing the implications of climate change on human health.Advancing these concepts demands the establishment of a regional governing body to oversee an integrated One Health and planetary health strategy,foster regional research communities and alliances,secure political will and funding,and ensure the integration of these concepts into policy and academic frameworks.展开更多
美国“脑计划”(Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies,BRAIN)自启动以来,为改善人类福祉和推动神经科学的前沿发展做出了巨大贡献。以美国“脑计划”为研究案例,重点分析其在战略方向决策方面的相关经验,旨...美国“脑计划”(Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies,BRAIN)自启动以来,为改善人类福祉和推动神经科学的前沿发展做出了巨大贡献。以美国“脑计划”为研究案例,重点分析其在战略方向决策方面的相关经验,旨在为中国开展类似的前沿基础类重大科技计划提供方向制定上的决策支持。通过选取“脑计划”中的3份战略性文件,深入剖析其在总体战略方向把握、中期进展评估和方向更新,以及伦理审查等关键环节的具体实践,最终得出几点针对前沿基础性学科类型的方向决策做法,以期为中国相关重大科技计划的战略布局提供参考。展开更多
Background:Medical laboratory diagnostic services play a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and manage-ment of diseases,forming the cornerstone of effective healthcare systems.Despite the crucial role of laborat...Background:Medical laboratory diagnostic services play a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and manage-ment of diseases,forming the cornerstone of effective healthcare systems.Despite the crucial role of laboratory services,the quality and accessibility of medical laboratory services in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)face signifi-cant challenges.Global health development aid has been pivotal in supporting SSA laboratory services.This study aimed to examine global health development aid initiatives that have successfully enhanced the quality of medical laboratory services and the challenges and barriers to effectively improving medical laboratory services through global health development aid in SSA.Methods:We used a narrative review study design.We searched PubMed,Web of Science and Scopus for articles published in the last 15 years.These three databases are generally considered premier databases for peer-reviewed articles in global health,public health,health systems,and biomedical sciences.The inclusion criteria for this review included research studies,reports,and grey literature.Only articles published in English from 2010 on-ward were considered.The analysis followed a qualitative approach,emphasizing thematic synthesis and critical interpretation.Results:Forty articles were included in this study.Of these,18 were primary research studies,11 were reports,7 were commentaries,and 4 were reviews.Five sub-themes from the successful global health development aid initiative themes were capacity building and training programs,infrastructure development,partnership models,policy advocacy and regulatory support,quality control and standardization of laboratory services.The sub-themes from the challenges and barrier theme were insufficient funding and resource allocation,human resource constraints,inadequate infrastructure and equipment,and political and institutional barriers.This review re-vealed that several factors,including financial sustainability,human resource capacity,institutional support,resilience,and effective monitoring systems,shape the sustainability of improvements in medical laboratory services in SSA.Conclusion:Achieving long-term sustainability requires strategies that ensure financial self-sufficiency,foster a skilled and stable workforce,and integrate laboratory services into national health frameworks.展开更多
In this article,we present a comprehensive overview of the regulatory landscape governing Chinese medicinal practices in Australia,in which we describe the regulations for Chinese medicine practitioners in Australia,a...In this article,we present a comprehensive overview of the regulatory landscape governing Chinese medicinal practices in Australia,in which we describe the regulations for Chinese medicine practitioners in Australia,as of 2024,focusing in particular on the Title Protection model under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law.Central to this discussion are the core roles of the Chinese Medicine Board of Australia(the Board)and the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency(Ahpra)in ensuring public safety by guaranteeing that practitioners are appropriately qualified and suitable for registration.We also examine the structure and demographics of the Chinese medicine workforce in Australia and present details of the required registration process for practitioners.In addition,the article outlines specific requirements for registration,including the standards set by the Board for initial and ongoing registration,which are administered with the support of Ahpra under the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme.Furthermore,we present details regarding the approved qualifications,the rigorous assessment process for overseas qualifications,and the important role of regulatory examinations designed to uphold the high standards expected of practitioners,thereby ensuring they have acquired the professional competencies required by the Australian healthcare system.This overview offers valuable insights for both current and prospective practitioners of Chinese medicine in Australia.展开更多
摘要为厘清21世纪以来美国官方卫生发展援助(Official Development Assistance for Health, ODA-H)的战略逻辑、制度特征与实践得失,本文基于2001—2025年美国官方政策文本与援助数据展开分析。研究表明,美国已将ODA-H深度嵌入国家安全与外交战略体系,并通过白宫和国会分权制衡、外交与技术部门双轨管理及多元主体契约化执行网络,实现资源动员与跨国行动能力的制度化整合。其资源主要集中于美国本土核心机构及少数多边平台,领域上以传染病防控和公共卫生应急为主,地域上重点投向撒哈拉以南非洲及具有地缘战略意义的区域。该模式在维护美国核心利益和供给全球卫生公共产品方面具有一定效能,但存在政治周期波动、援助供需错配及受援国内生能力培育不足等局限,为中国完善新时期国际卫生发展合作提供启示。
摘要血液作为重要的资源,直接关系到患者生命健康和医疗业务活动连续性,鉴于其只能来自献血者的自愿捐赠,容易因外界各种因素影响而处于供应紧缺状态。本文作为介绍“英国血液紧缺应急计划”系列文章第一部分,旨在对英国应急管理体系,尤其是卫生应急管理的情况进行概述。本文阐述了英国的应急管理法规标准体系和机制体制、关于应急准备与实施指导意见的非法规性指导文件、以及负责应急协调与合作的跨部门多机构的地方韧性联席会议制度、英国政府能力建设、有关应急响应主体和应急指挥控制机制等内容;在此基础上,本文进一步详细介绍了英国卫生应急体系的法律基础和国家医疗服务体系(national health service,NHS)应急准备、韧性和响应(emergency preparedness,resilience and response,EPRR)核心标准体系,并列举了相应文件。
摘要This review explored research trends in One Health and planetary health in the Arab world,a region confronting major sustainability challenges.These fields are crucial in combating global pressing concerns like infectious diseases,biodiversity loss,antimicrobial resistance,climate change,and air pollution.The COVID-19 pandemic stressed their significance to global health and sustainable development.This analysis assessed the Arab world's contributions to these concepts applying performance analysis and visualization mapping,revealing that One Health outperformed planetary health in terms of productivity and number of contributed countries.Egypt,Saudi Arabia,and the United Arab Emirates have emerged as leading contributors to One Health and planetary health research in the Arab world.Meanwhile,the United States and the United Kingdom,as non-Arab nations,play a pivotal role in fostering collaborative efforts with the region.The trajectory of One Health research has indeed shown remarkable exponential growth,especially since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019,which is an indication of increasing relevance in the address of global health challenges.Conversely,planetary health presents an irregular growth pattern,with a strong point in the development of this area standing out in 2023.The unique set of social,cultural,governance,and agricultural attributes of the Arab region are joined by major environmental challenges that define the focus of both One Health and planetary health research efforts.Climate change,environmental contexts,and public health feature prominently in both One Health and planetary health,with One Health focusing mainly on infectious diseases and planetary health addressing the implications of climate change on human health.Advancing these concepts demands the establishment of a regional governing body to oversee an integrated One Health and planetary health strategy,foster regional research communities and alliances,secure political will and funding,and ensure the integration of these concepts into policy and academic frameworks.
摘要美国“脑计划”(Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies,BRAIN)自启动以来,为改善人类福祉和推动神经科学的前沿发展做出了巨大贡献。以美国“脑计划”为研究案例,重点分析其在战略方向决策方面的相关经验,旨在为中国开展类似的前沿基础类重大科技计划提供方向制定上的决策支持。通过选取“脑计划”中的3份战略性文件,深入剖析其在总体战略方向把握、中期进展评估和方向更新,以及伦理审查等关键环节的具体实践,最终得出几点针对前沿基础性学科类型的方向决策做法,以期为中国相关重大科技计划的战略布局提供参考。
摘要Background:Medical laboratory diagnostic services play a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and manage-ment of diseases,forming the cornerstone of effective healthcare systems.Despite the crucial role of laboratory services,the quality and accessibility of medical laboratory services in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)face signifi-cant challenges.Global health development aid has been pivotal in supporting SSA laboratory services.This study aimed to examine global health development aid initiatives that have successfully enhanced the quality of medical laboratory services and the challenges and barriers to effectively improving medical laboratory services through global health development aid in SSA.Methods:We used a narrative review study design.We searched PubMed,Web of Science and Scopus for articles published in the last 15 years.These three databases are generally considered premier databases for peer-reviewed articles in global health,public health,health systems,and biomedical sciences.The inclusion criteria for this review included research studies,reports,and grey literature.Only articles published in English from 2010 on-ward were considered.The analysis followed a qualitative approach,emphasizing thematic synthesis and critical interpretation.Results:Forty articles were included in this study.Of these,18 were primary research studies,11 were reports,7 were commentaries,and 4 were reviews.Five sub-themes from the successful global health development aid initiative themes were capacity building and training programs,infrastructure development,partnership models,policy advocacy and regulatory support,quality control and standardization of laboratory services.The sub-themes from the challenges and barrier theme were insufficient funding and resource allocation,human resource constraints,inadequate infrastructure and equipment,and political and institutional barriers.This review re-vealed that several factors,including financial sustainability,human resource capacity,institutional support,resilience,and effective monitoring systems,shape the sustainability of improvements in medical laboratory services in SSA.Conclusion:Achieving long-term sustainability requires strategies that ensure financial self-sufficiency,foster a skilled and stable workforce,and integrate laboratory services into national health frameworks.
摘要In this article,we present a comprehensive overview of the regulatory landscape governing Chinese medicinal practices in Australia,in which we describe the regulations for Chinese medicine practitioners in Australia,as of 2024,focusing in particular on the Title Protection model under the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law.Central to this discussion are the core roles of the Chinese Medicine Board of Australia(the Board)and the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency(Ahpra)in ensuring public safety by guaranteeing that practitioners are appropriately qualified and suitable for registration.We also examine the structure and demographics of the Chinese medicine workforce in Australia and present details of the required registration process for practitioners.In addition,the article outlines specific requirements for registration,including the standards set by the Board for initial and ongoing registration,which are administered with the support of Ahpra under the National Registration and Accreditation Scheme.Furthermore,we present details regarding the approved qualifications,the rigorous assessment process for overseas qualifications,and the important role of regulatory examinations designed to uphold the high standards expected of practitioners,thereby ensuring they have acquired the professional competencies required by the Australian healthcare system.This overview offers valuable insights for both current and prospective practitioners of Chinese medicine in Australia.