目的探讨抗菌药物治疗临床路径管理在儿童急性骨髓炎治疗中的作用。方法建立儿童急性骨髓炎抗菌药物治疗临床路径,选取2022年1月—2023年6月急性骨髓炎入院患儿130例作为非干预组,2023年7月—2024年12月急性骨髓炎入院患儿100例作为干预...目的探讨抗菌药物治疗临床路径管理在儿童急性骨髓炎治疗中的作用。方法建立儿童急性骨髓炎抗菌药物治疗临床路径,选取2022年1月—2023年6月急性骨髓炎入院患儿130例作为非干预组,2023年7月—2024年12月急性骨髓炎入院患儿100例作为干预组,采用药物治疗路径管理,比较干预前后两组抗菌药物品种选择、联合用药比例、静脉用药疗程、抗菌药物使用强度[antibiotics use density,AUD,本研究以抗菌药物的平均日剂量(DDDs)评价]、抗菌药物费用、药品总费用及长期预后的差异。结果两组患儿在年龄、性别、手术操作等一般资料上无显著差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。干预组经验性治疗选用抗菌药物万古霉素、苯唑西林、头孢唑林的比例分别为42.00%、23.00%和13.00%,显著高于非干预组的19.23%、3.85%和0.00%,差异均具有统计学意义。比较非干预组与干预组,抗菌药物使用强度从55.80 DDDs下降至45.05 DDDs,药品费用由中位数7279.25元下降至4838.92元,抗菌药物费用由中位数4265.61元下降至3355.15元,患儿的住院时长由(36.98±13.74)d降低至(30.16±11.35)d,抗菌药物静脉用药时长由(33.44±12.50)d降低至(26.90±10.36)d,联合用药比例从33.85%下降至9.00%,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论实施抗菌药物治疗路径管理模式促进了儿童急性骨髓炎抗菌药物的合理使用,降低了药品费用,缩短了住院时间,节约了医疗成本,值得临床推广应用。展开更多
BACKGROUND Closed reduction and Salter osteotomy are commonly used to treat children with developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).However,it remains unclear whether the muscle activity of the lower extremities returns...BACKGROUND Closed reduction and Salter osteotomy are commonly used to treat children with developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).However,it remains unclear whether the muscle activity of the lower extremities returns to normal or shows compensation and imbalance after surgery.AIM To evaluate changes in surface electromyography(EMG)signals of the main muscles in both lower limbs of children with unilateral DDH during standing and walking after closed reduction surgery or Salter osteotomy.We also aimed to quantify the differences in bilateral muscle activation and explore the characteristics of surface EMG signals of the muscles around the hip joint and the postoperative rehabilitation effects.METHODS The retrospective analysis was conducted on 59 children with unilateral DDH who received treatment in the pediatric orthopedics department of a single tertiary grade A hospital.Twenty-eight children underwent closed reduction and 31 children underwent Salter osteotomy combined with femoral shortening and rotational correction osteotomy.Surface EMG was used to compare the average root mean square(RMS)values,coordination ratio,and the ratio of the RMS values between the affected and healthy sides in the bilateral tensor fasciae latae,rectus femoris,medial hamstring,anterior tibialis,medial gastrocnemius,and gluteus maximus muscles during standing and walking at the final follow-up.Outcomes were further evaluated using the Harris hip score and the modified Severin classification.RESULTS The average follow-up period was 51.64±34.85 months for the closed reduction group and 51.0±34.76 months for the Salter osteotomy group.The average Harris score was 95.91±1.01 in the Salter osteotomy group,which was lower than that of the closed reduction group(98.84±0.82;P<0.05).During walking,compared with the closed reduction group,the Salter osteotomy group showed significantly higher mean RMS values in the tensor fasciae latae on both the affected and healthy sides and in the rectus femoris on the affected side(P<0.05).In addition,the synergistic contraction between the rectus femoris muscle and hamstring muscles was significantly increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION At the mid-term follow-up after surgery,the closed reduction and Salter osteotomy groups both achieved good functional scores and imaging results.However,during walking,muscle electrical activity of the tensor fasciae latae and rectus femoris on the affected side was increased in the Salter osteotomy group,suggesting that targeted postoperative rehabilitation exercises are warranted.展开更多
摘要目的探讨抗菌药物治疗临床路径管理在儿童急性骨髓炎治疗中的作用。方法建立儿童急性骨髓炎抗菌药物治疗临床路径,选取2022年1月—2023年6月急性骨髓炎入院患儿130例作为非干预组,2023年7月—2024年12月急性骨髓炎入院患儿100例作为干预组,采用药物治疗路径管理,比较干预前后两组抗菌药物品种选择、联合用药比例、静脉用药疗程、抗菌药物使用强度[antibiotics use density,AUD,本研究以抗菌药物的平均日剂量(DDDs)评价]、抗菌药物费用、药品总费用及长期预后的差异。结果两组患儿在年龄、性别、手术操作等一般资料上无显著差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。干预组经验性治疗选用抗菌药物万古霉素、苯唑西林、头孢唑林的比例分别为42.00%、23.00%和13.00%,显著高于非干预组的19.23%、3.85%和0.00%,差异均具有统计学意义。比较非干预组与干预组,抗菌药物使用强度从55.80 DDDs下降至45.05 DDDs,药品费用由中位数7279.25元下降至4838.92元,抗菌药物费用由中位数4265.61元下降至3355.15元,患儿的住院时长由(36.98±13.74)d降低至(30.16±11.35)d,抗菌药物静脉用药时长由(33.44±12.50)d降低至(26.90±10.36)d,联合用药比例从33.85%下降至9.00%,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论实施抗菌药物治疗路径管理模式促进了儿童急性骨髓炎抗菌药物的合理使用,降低了药品费用,缩短了住院时间,节约了医疗成本,值得临床推广应用。
基金Supported by the General Guidance Project of Scientific Research Topics of Hunan Provincial Health Commission,No.202204073270.
摘要BACKGROUND Closed reduction and Salter osteotomy are commonly used to treat children with developmental dysplasia of the hip(DDH).However,it remains unclear whether the muscle activity of the lower extremities returns to normal or shows compensation and imbalance after surgery.AIM To evaluate changes in surface electromyography(EMG)signals of the main muscles in both lower limbs of children with unilateral DDH during standing and walking after closed reduction surgery or Salter osteotomy.We also aimed to quantify the differences in bilateral muscle activation and explore the characteristics of surface EMG signals of the muscles around the hip joint and the postoperative rehabilitation effects.METHODS The retrospective analysis was conducted on 59 children with unilateral DDH who received treatment in the pediatric orthopedics department of a single tertiary grade A hospital.Twenty-eight children underwent closed reduction and 31 children underwent Salter osteotomy combined with femoral shortening and rotational correction osteotomy.Surface EMG was used to compare the average root mean square(RMS)values,coordination ratio,and the ratio of the RMS values between the affected and healthy sides in the bilateral tensor fasciae latae,rectus femoris,medial hamstring,anterior tibialis,medial gastrocnemius,and gluteus maximus muscles during standing and walking at the final follow-up.Outcomes were further evaluated using the Harris hip score and the modified Severin classification.RESULTS The average follow-up period was 51.64±34.85 months for the closed reduction group and 51.0±34.76 months for the Salter osteotomy group.The average Harris score was 95.91±1.01 in the Salter osteotomy group,which was lower than that of the closed reduction group(98.84±0.82;P<0.05).During walking,compared with the closed reduction group,the Salter osteotomy group showed significantly higher mean RMS values in the tensor fasciae latae on both the affected and healthy sides and in the rectus femoris on the affected side(P<0.05).In addition,the synergistic contraction between the rectus femoris muscle and hamstring muscles was significantly increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION At the mid-term follow-up after surgery,the closed reduction and Salter osteotomy groups both achieved good functional scores and imaging results.However,during walking,muscle electrical activity of the tensor fasciae latae and rectus femoris on the affected side was increased in the Salter osteotomy group,suggesting that targeted postoperative rehabilitation exercises are warranted.