为探测土壤表面干缩裂隙的发育情况,该研究以农田土壤表面干缩裂隙作为研究对象,以高密度电阻率法为测量手段,采用耦合层次聚类分析的同步连续线性估计算法(Simultaneous successive linear estimation,Sim SLE)反演土壤表面干缩裂隙的...为探测土壤表面干缩裂隙的发育情况,该研究以农田土壤表面干缩裂隙作为研究对象,以高密度电阻率法为测量手段,采用耦合层次聚类分析的同步连续线性估计算法(Simultaneous successive linear estimation,Sim SLE)反演土壤表面干缩裂隙的形态,结合试验裂隙图像和反演得到的模拟图像,对比分析裂隙形态的成像结果。研究表明:基于SimSLE算法反演得到的模拟裂隙图像,可以准确捕捉到裂隙的形状和位置,试验与模拟图像的面积、长度及欧拉数密度一致性指标均大于0.9,决定系数R2都大于0.6,均方根误差数值较小。引入了层次聚类分析后,通过不断更新分区均值和边界,能够更准确地得到农田土壤干缩裂隙的形态特征,分区后模拟结果较好。引入聚类分区后Minkowski密度的决定系数R2提高了9.76%~18.5%,一致性指标提高了0.93%~1.47%,均方根误差降低了12.1%~21.1%,有效提高了模拟精度。研究可为探究非侵入性探测裂隙的形态特征提供算法参考。展开更多
通过对北京妙峰山优质玫瑰生产基地土壤薄片的观察,利用土壤切片图像处理分析系统和image-pro plus 6.0等软件对图像进行处理和分析,从土壤微结构、有机物质、粗骨颗粒和孔隙等方面进行定性和定量研究,并选择北京凤凰岭林地土壤剖面进...通过对北京妙峰山优质玫瑰生产基地土壤薄片的观察,利用土壤切片图像处理分析系统和image-pro plus 6.0等软件对图像进行处理和分析,从土壤微结构、有机物质、粗骨颗粒和孔隙等方面进行定性和定量研究,并选择北京凤凰岭林地土壤剖面进行对比分析。结果表明:土壤微形态特征主要受下伏基岩岩性和地质构造的影响;与凤凰岭剖面相比,北京妙峰山玫瑰生产基地的土壤结构发育良好,以黏结型基质和中度分离亚棱角块状微结构为主;妙峰山剖面有机物质来源丰富,其各个土层的有机物质频率均高于凤凰岭剖面,生物活动剧烈;妙峰山剖面土壤的粗骨颗粒平均粒径较小,在17μm以下,磨圆程度较高;妙峰山剖面各个土层总孔隙百分比虽然小于凤凰岭剖面的对应土层,但堆叠型孔隙较多,孔隙间相互连通性好,土层储水保水效果更好,有利于妙峰山玫瑰独特品质的形成。展开更多
The structure of the"black soil"in Northeast China has been greatly deteriorated by long-term intensive conventional mouldboard plow tillage(CT)practices.In this study,micro-morphological observation and ima...The structure of the"black soil"in Northeast China has been greatly deteriorated by long-term intensive conventional mouldboard plow tillage(CT)practices.In this study,micro-morphological observation and image analysis of soil thin sections were conducted to evaluate the impacts of 21 years(1986-2007)of no tillage(NT)on soil structure as compared to CT in an experiment near Gongzhuling City,Jilin Province.Soil organic matter(SOM),wet aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks)were also analyzed.Total SOM was not significantly affected by tillage systems,but fresher SOM was observed in the surface layer under NT.The aggregates under NT showed different hierarchies in the form of crumbs,and the mean weight diameter(MWD)of NT was significant higher than that of CT in the surface layer.Platy and blocky aggregates were frequently observed in the lower layers under CT practice.The compound pore structure with intertwined intra-and inter-aggregates pores under NT was well developed in a layer from 0-5 cm to 20-25 era.While under CT system,more inter-aggregate pores and fewer intra-aggregate pores were observed,and planes and channels were frequently found in the 20-25 cm layer,where maeroporosity decreased significantly and a plow pan was evident.The Ks values of NT weresignificantly lower at o-5 cm but significantly higher at 20-95 cm compared with CT,which showed the same trend with macroporosity.These results confirmed that long-term CT practice fragmented the tillage layer soil and compacted the lower layer soil and formed a plow pan.While long-term NT practice in the black soil region favored soil aggregation and a stable porous soil structure was formed,which are important to the water infiltration and prevent soil erosion.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to better understand the effect of different fertilizer treatments on micro-morphological characteristics of a purple soil at the 0-20 cm topsoil in a long-term fertilizer experiment. [Meth...[Objective] The study aimed to better understand the effect of different fertilizer treatments on micro-morphological characteristics of a purple soil at the 0-20 cm topsoil in a long-term fertilizer experiment. [Method] Soil micro-morphology was observed and analyzed under a single polarizing microscope. [Result] For the CK (no fertilizer) treatment, soil structure was dense with little porosity developed. Its soil microstructure was poor, sandy fabric-granular fabric. After continuously applied chemical fertilizers only for more than two decades, the soil particles did not evolve into soil structures and formed little porosity. The microstructures of soil in N, NP and NPK treatments were porphyroskelic fabric-fine sandy granular fabric, better than that of the soil in CK treatment. Adding manure obviously improved the quantity of groundmass and endowed the soil a loose structure and plenty porosity, enriched animal and plant residues, and well-formed iron-manganese nodules and humus ma- terials, all resulting in better micro-aggregates development. The type of soil microstructures in MNPK treatment was pectized-compacted takyric fabric-intertextic fabric, the best among all the treatments. [Conclusion] Combined application of both or- ganic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly improve the structure of the purple soil, enhance soil fertility and achieve soil sustainable development.展开更多
摘要为探测土壤表面干缩裂隙的发育情况,该研究以农田土壤表面干缩裂隙作为研究对象,以高密度电阻率法为测量手段,采用耦合层次聚类分析的同步连续线性估计算法(Simultaneous successive linear estimation,Sim SLE)反演土壤表面干缩裂隙的形态,结合试验裂隙图像和反演得到的模拟图像,对比分析裂隙形态的成像结果。研究表明:基于SimSLE算法反演得到的模拟裂隙图像,可以准确捕捉到裂隙的形状和位置,试验与模拟图像的面积、长度及欧拉数密度一致性指标均大于0.9,决定系数R2都大于0.6,均方根误差数值较小。引入了层次聚类分析后,通过不断更新分区均值和边界,能够更准确地得到农田土壤干缩裂隙的形态特征,分区后模拟结果较好。引入聚类分区后Minkowski密度的决定系数R2提高了9.76%~18.5%,一致性指标提高了0.93%~1.47%,均方根误差降低了12.1%~21.1%,有效提高了模拟精度。研究可为探究非侵入性探测裂隙的形态特征提供算法参考。
摘要通过对北京妙峰山优质玫瑰生产基地土壤薄片的观察,利用土壤切片图像处理分析系统和image-pro plus 6.0等软件对图像进行处理和分析,从土壤微结构、有机物质、粗骨颗粒和孔隙等方面进行定性和定量研究,并选择北京凤凰岭林地土壤剖面进行对比分析。结果表明:土壤微形态特征主要受下伏基岩岩性和地质构造的影响;与凤凰岭剖面相比,北京妙峰山玫瑰生产基地的土壤结构发育良好,以黏结型基质和中度分离亚棱角块状微结构为主;妙峰山剖面有机物质来源丰富,其各个土层的有机物质频率均高于凤凰岭剖面,生物活动剧烈;妙峰山剖面土壤的粗骨颗粒平均粒径较小,在17μm以下,磨圆程度较高;妙峰山剖面各个土层总孔隙百分比虽然小于凤凰岭剖面的对应土层,但堆叠型孔隙较多,孔隙间相互连通性好,土层储水保水效果更好,有利于妙峰山玫瑰独特品质的形成。
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Supporting Programs of China under Grants No.2006BAD15B01 and 2006BAD02A14
摘要The structure of the"black soil"in Northeast China has been greatly deteriorated by long-term intensive conventional mouldboard plow tillage(CT)practices.In this study,micro-morphological observation and image analysis of soil thin sections were conducted to evaluate the impacts of 21 years(1986-2007)of no tillage(NT)on soil structure as compared to CT in an experiment near Gongzhuling City,Jilin Province.Soil organic matter(SOM),wet aggregate stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity(Ks)were also analyzed.Total SOM was not significantly affected by tillage systems,but fresher SOM was observed in the surface layer under NT.The aggregates under NT showed different hierarchies in the form of crumbs,and the mean weight diameter(MWD)of NT was significant higher than that of CT in the surface layer.Platy and blocky aggregates were frequently observed in the lower layers under CT practice.The compound pore structure with intertwined intra-and inter-aggregates pores under NT was well developed in a layer from 0-5 cm to 20-25 era.While under CT system,more inter-aggregate pores and fewer intra-aggregate pores were observed,and planes and channels were frequently found in the 20-25 cm layer,where maeroporosity decreased significantly and a plow pan was evident.The Ks values of NT weresignificantly lower at o-5 cm but significantly higher at 20-95 cm compared with CT,which showed the same trend with macroporosity.These results confirmed that long-term CT practice fragmented the tillage layer soil and compacted the lower layer soil and formed a plow pan.While long-term NT practice in the black soil region favored soil aggregation and a stable porous soil structure was formed,which are important to the water infiltration and prevent soil erosion.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003016)Special Fund for Excellent Paper of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2010LWJJ-007)~~
摘要[Objective] The study aimed to better understand the effect of different fertilizer treatments on micro-morphological characteristics of a purple soil at the 0-20 cm topsoil in a long-term fertilizer experiment. [Method] Soil micro-morphology was observed and analyzed under a single polarizing microscope. [Result] For the CK (no fertilizer) treatment, soil structure was dense with little porosity developed. Its soil microstructure was poor, sandy fabric-granular fabric. After continuously applied chemical fertilizers only for more than two decades, the soil particles did not evolve into soil structures and formed little porosity. The microstructures of soil in N, NP and NPK treatments were porphyroskelic fabric-fine sandy granular fabric, better than that of the soil in CK treatment. Adding manure obviously improved the quantity of groundmass and endowed the soil a loose structure and plenty porosity, enriched animal and plant residues, and well-formed iron-manganese nodules and humus ma- terials, all resulting in better micro-aggregates development. The type of soil microstructures in MNPK treatment was pectized-compacted takyric fabric-intertextic fabric, the best among all the treatments. [Conclusion] Combined application of both or- ganic and inorganic fertilizers can significantly improve the structure of the purple soil, enhance soil fertility and achieve soil sustainable development.