In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quali...In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crops.Synthetic metabolic engineering presents innovative strategies for the precision modification and de novo design of metabolic pathways.This approach generally encompasses three essential steps:identifying key metabolites through metabolomics,integrating multi-omics technologies to investigate the synthesis and regulation of these metabolites,and utilizing gene editing or de novo design to modify crop metabolic pathways associated with desirable agronomic traits.This review underscores the vital role of plant metabolite diversity in enhancing crop nutritional quality and stress resilience.Integrated multi-omics analyses facilitate the metabolic engineering by identifying key genes,transporters,and transcription factors that regulate metabolite biosynthesis.Precision modification strategies employ genome editing tools to reprogram endogenous metabolic networks,while de novo design reconstructs metabolic pathways through the introduction of exogenous biological elements—thereby both approaches enable the targeted enhancement of desired traits.These strategies have been effectively implemented in major food crops.However,simultaneously enhancing nutritional quality and stress resilience remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs and resource competition in distinct metabolic pathways within plants.Future research should integrate AI-driven predictive models with multi-omics datasets to decipher dynamic metabolic homeostasis and engineer climate-smart crops that maximize yield while preserving quality and environmental adaptability.展开更多
Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cel...Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.展开更多
为深入了解农用塑料棚膜领域研究的发展态势与未来趋势,利用文献计量学的研究方法,基于Web of Science(WoS)核心数据库和中国知网(CNKI)数据库分别以“greenhouse film”和“棚膜”为关键词进行文献检索,对2000—2024年国内外农用塑料...为深入了解农用塑料棚膜领域研究的发展态势与未来趋势,利用文献计量学的研究方法,基于Web of Science(WoS)核心数据库和中国知网(CNKI)数据库分别以“greenhouse film”和“棚膜”为关键词进行文献检索,对2000—2024年国内外农用塑料棚膜研究领域的发文情况进行合作、共现和突现分析。结果表明:1)WoS核心数据库农用棚膜研究领域累计发文量变化符合普赖斯指数函数模型,表明农用棚膜研究领域始终受到国际学术界的重视;CNKI数据库农用棚膜研究领域累计发文量变化符合对称逻辑曲线模型,增速拐点出现在2012年前后,2012年前近似以指数级增长,2012年后增速趋缓;发文占比从2000年CNKI数据库为主转变为2024年WoS核心数据库为主。2)中国是发文量最高的国家,与澳大利亚、日本和以色列等19个国家组成了最大的研究集群,该集群包含国家的中心性较强,学术影响力较大,但中介中心性小于美国与意大利等国,表明在研究前沿性上中国需要继续发力;在国家、机构合作的层面上,德国是合作最为广泛的国家,之后是中国和澳大利亚,中国主要与韩国、日本和意大利进行合作;国内机构以山东农业大学和中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所为双核,构建了相对成熟的核心合作网络,研究内容主要集中在新型棚膜与功能助剂研发、棚膜应用评价及配套栽培技术等方面;但从全国尺度看,国内机构间的整体合作密度仍然偏低,核心机构在网络中的主导与辐射作用有待进一步增强。3)研究趋势分析表明,国内研究主要集中在棚膜新材料的创新应用与评价、通过栽培技术和模式创新以提高生产适应性、病虫害防治与生态农业等领域;研究前沿领域方面应重点推进长寿命棚膜专用树脂研发,同时创新研制多种新型棚膜,加强新型棚膜使用安全性评价,并拓展乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)和聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)等氟素树脂材料的应用范围。综上,我国农用棚膜研究已步入成熟期,需持续深化国际合作,寻找新的增长动力,打造前沿阵地,并加强国内科研机构间的合作,解决高端棚膜原料与助剂的国产化替代问题。展开更多
Senescence allows plants to remove unnecessary tissues and recycle nutrients.Substantial work has focused on the senescence of aboveground tissues such as leaves;by contrast,the senescence of underground tissues has i...Senescence allows plants to remove unnecessary tissues and recycle nutrients.Substantial work has focused on the senescence of aboveground tissues such as leaves;by contrast,the senescence of underground tissues has important functions in response to stresses such as drought.The root cortex transports water and provides structure to the root.Root cortical senescence(RCS)involves the programmed cell death of root cortical cells and allows the plant to adjust root system architecture and decrease the metabolic burden of maintaining root tissue.In this review,we synthesize current knowledge on RCS and its responses to drought stress.This review also examines the regulation of RCS at multiple levels and the differences in RCS between monocots and dicots.We further identify major challenges in characterizing RCS,understanding its mechanisms,and applying it in breeding,with an emphasis on bridging laboratory findings and field performance through genotype-by-environment analyses.Finally,we explore potential research directions and breeding targets for translating RCS into improved drought tolerance and yield stability in crops.This helps to clarify the physiological mechanisms of RCS,root system and leaf senescence,enhances the understanding of root system functions,and has significant theoretical value and practical significance for the prevention and control of crop premature senescence as well as the selection of anti-senescence varieties.展开更多
Phytomelatonin is a versatile compound with important roles in plants,spanning from promoting germination and plant growth to defending against abiotic and biotic stresses.Its natural origin as biostimulator aligns wi...Phytomelatonin is a versatile compound with important roles in plants,spanning from promoting germination and plant growth to defending against abiotic and biotic stresses.Its natural origin as biostimulator aligns with sustainable agricultural practices that aim to reduce reliance on synthetic agrochemicals while supporting crop productivity.As research progresses and reveals its full potential across various sectors of agriculture and food production systems,phytomelatonin emerges as a promising candidate for integrated crop management,with the goal of achieving more resilient and sustainable food systems worldwide.More agronomic data will be essential to decide whether the use of(phyto)melatonin can be a clear advance in the improvement of crops and their production.This paper presents the possible improvements and challenges to be faced in order to elucidate whether the cost/benefit balance in the use of melatonin in crops will be environmentally and economically sustainable.展开更多
The auxin response factor(ARF)is the key component of phytohormone auxin signal pathway and is crucial in regulating a plurality of functions throughout the plant life cycle.Although ARFs'structure and function ha...The auxin response factor(ARF)is the key component of phytohormone auxin signal pathway and is crucial in regulating a plurality of functions throughout the plant life cycle.Although ARFs'structure and function have been well studied in Arabidopsis,such knowledge is far from being sufficient for cereal crops,especially wheat,rice,and maize.This review is based on a comprehensive retrospection into the studies on ARFs in the three cereal crops,consisting of four parts:(1)characterization of the domains of 23,25,and 33 ARF family members in wheat,rice,and maize,respectively;(2)revision of nomenclatures for previously reported ARFs to the family numbers based on sequence alignment,and summary of ARFs'functions including the regulation of agronomic traits and response to biotic/abiotic stresses;(3)highlight of general regulatory models for fundamental physiological and reproductive traits from miRNA-ARFs,IAA-ARF-LBD,IAA-ARF-Auxin response gene,and IAA-ARF-ERF(4)prospects to promising future ARF research for anticipated agronomic traits.This review is expected to enhance understanding of ARF functions in the three cereal crops and promote their application in molecular breeding to achieve optimal plant architecture,higher yield,and wider adaptability.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City (SKJC-JYRC-2024-26)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32460072)+4 种基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (323RC421)the Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund (ZDYF2022XDNY144)the Hainan Provincial Academician Innovation Platform Project (HDYSZX-202004)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University (XTCX2022NYB06)Hainan Postdoctoral Research Grant Project
摘要In light of the pressing global challenges of climate change,declining crop resilience,and hidden hunger,it is imperative to overcome the limitations of conventional crop breeding to enhance both the nutritional quality and stress tolerance of crops.Synthetic metabolic engineering presents innovative strategies for the precision modification and de novo design of metabolic pathways.This approach generally encompasses three essential steps:identifying key metabolites through metabolomics,integrating multi-omics technologies to investigate the synthesis and regulation of these metabolites,and utilizing gene editing or de novo design to modify crop metabolic pathways associated with desirable agronomic traits.This review underscores the vital role of plant metabolite diversity in enhancing crop nutritional quality and stress resilience.Integrated multi-omics analyses facilitate the metabolic engineering by identifying key genes,transporters,and transcription factors that regulate metabolite biosynthesis.Precision modification strategies employ genome editing tools to reprogram endogenous metabolic networks,while de novo design reconstructs metabolic pathways through the introduction of exogenous biological elements—thereby both approaches enable the targeted enhancement of desired traits.These strategies have been effectively implemented in major food crops.However,simultaneously enhancing nutritional quality and stress resilience remains challenging due to inherent trade-offs and resource competition in distinct metabolic pathways within plants.Future research should integrate AI-driven predictive models with multi-omics datasets to decipher dynamic metabolic homeostasis and engineer climate-smart crops that maximize yield while preserving quality and environmental adaptability.
基金supported by the Lendület/Momentum Programme of the Hungarian Academy of Sciencesthe National Research, Development, and Innovation Office, Hungary (Grant Nos. LP2024/21 and K146791)+2 种基金Bayers fellowship program MEDHA and Department of Botany, University of Calicutthe financial assistance provided in the form of Junior Research Fellowship from the University Grants Commission (UGC), Indiathe financial assistance provided by the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR), India
摘要Ascorbate(Asc),commonly known as vitamin C,is a vital molecule for plant growth,development,and stress resilience.It is also known to play a crucial role in various physiological processes,including photosynthesis,cell division,and differentiation.This article thoroughly explores the processes governing the metabolism of Asc in plants and its roles in physiological functions.It lays down a robust theoretical groundwork for delving into Asc production,transportation,functions,and its potential applications in stress alleviation and horticulture.Furthermore,recent studies indicate that Asc plays a role in regulating fruit development and affecting postharvest storage characteristics,thereby influencing fruit ripening and resilience to stress.Hence,there is a growing importance in studying the synthesis and utilization of Asc in plants.Although the critical role of Asc in controlling plant redox signals has been extensively studied,the precise mechanisms by which it manages cellular redox homeostasis to maintain the equilibrium between reactive oxygen scavenging and cell redox signaling remain elusive.This gap in knowledge presents fresh opportunities to explore how the production of Asc in plants is regulated and how plants react to environmental stressors.Furthermore,this article delves into the potential for a comprehensive investigation into the essential function of Asc in fruits,the development of Asc-rich fruits,and the enhancement of postharvest storage properties.
摘要为深入了解农用塑料棚膜领域研究的发展态势与未来趋势,利用文献计量学的研究方法,基于Web of Science(WoS)核心数据库和中国知网(CNKI)数据库分别以“greenhouse film”和“棚膜”为关键词进行文献检索,对2000—2024年国内外农用塑料棚膜研究领域的发文情况进行合作、共现和突现分析。结果表明:1)WoS核心数据库农用棚膜研究领域累计发文量变化符合普赖斯指数函数模型,表明农用棚膜研究领域始终受到国际学术界的重视;CNKI数据库农用棚膜研究领域累计发文量变化符合对称逻辑曲线模型,增速拐点出现在2012年前后,2012年前近似以指数级增长,2012年后增速趋缓;发文占比从2000年CNKI数据库为主转变为2024年WoS核心数据库为主。2)中国是发文量最高的国家,与澳大利亚、日本和以色列等19个国家组成了最大的研究集群,该集群包含国家的中心性较强,学术影响力较大,但中介中心性小于美国与意大利等国,表明在研究前沿性上中国需要继续发力;在国家、机构合作的层面上,德国是合作最为广泛的国家,之后是中国和澳大利亚,中国主要与韩国、日本和意大利进行合作;国内机构以山东农业大学和中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所为双核,构建了相对成熟的核心合作网络,研究内容主要集中在新型棚膜与功能助剂研发、棚膜应用评价及配套栽培技术等方面;但从全国尺度看,国内机构间的整体合作密度仍然偏低,核心机构在网络中的主导与辐射作用有待进一步增强。3)研究趋势分析表明,国内研究主要集中在棚膜新材料的创新应用与评价、通过栽培技术和模式创新以提高生产适应性、病虫害防治与生态农业等领域;研究前沿领域方面应重点推进长寿命棚膜专用树脂研发,同时创新研制多种新型棚膜,加强新型棚膜使用安全性评价,并拓展乙烯四氟乙烯共聚物(ETFE)和聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)等氟素树脂材料的应用范围。综上,我国农用棚膜研究已步入成熟期,需持续深化国际合作,寻找新的增长动力,打造前沿阵地,并加强国内科研机构间的合作,解决高端棚膜原料与助剂的国产化替代问题。
基金the China Agricultural University Corresponding Support Research Joint Fund(GSAU-DKZY-2025-001)the Youth Science and Technology Fund of Gansu Province(25JRRA371)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Startup Funds for Openlyrecruited Doctors of Gansu Agricultural University(GAU-KYQD-2024-16)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Province(23ZDNA008 and 22ZD6NA009)。
摘要Senescence allows plants to remove unnecessary tissues and recycle nutrients.Substantial work has focused on the senescence of aboveground tissues such as leaves;by contrast,the senescence of underground tissues has important functions in response to stresses such as drought.The root cortex transports water and provides structure to the root.Root cortical senescence(RCS)involves the programmed cell death of root cortical cells and allows the plant to adjust root system architecture and decrease the metabolic burden of maintaining root tissue.In this review,we synthesize current knowledge on RCS and its responses to drought stress.This review also examines the regulation of RCS at multiple levels and the differences in RCS between monocots and dicots.We further identify major challenges in characterizing RCS,understanding its mechanisms,and applying it in breeding,with an emphasis on bridging laboratory findings and field performance through genotype-by-environment analyses.Finally,we explore potential research directions and breeding targets for translating RCS into improved drought tolerance and yield stability in crops.This helps to clarify the physiological mechanisms of RCS,root system and leaf senescence,enhances the understanding of root system functions,and has significant theoretical value and practical significance for the prevention and control of crop premature senescence as well as the selection of anti-senescence varieties.
摘要Phytomelatonin is a versatile compound with important roles in plants,spanning from promoting germination and plant growth to defending against abiotic and biotic stresses.Its natural origin as biostimulator aligns with sustainable agricultural practices that aim to reduce reliance on synthetic agrochemicals while supporting crop productivity.As research progresses and reveals its full potential across various sectors of agriculture and food production systems,phytomelatonin emerges as a promising candidate for integrated crop management,with the goal of achieving more resilient and sustainable food systems worldwide.More agronomic data will be essential to decide whether the use of(phyto)melatonin can be a clear advance in the improvement of crops and their production.This paper presents the possible improvements and challenges to be faced in order to elucidate whether the cost/benefit balance in the use of melatonin in crops will be environmentally and economically sustainable.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201749)the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province,China(202102140601001 and 202201140601025-2)the fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670701)。
摘要The auxin response factor(ARF)is the key component of phytohormone auxin signal pathway and is crucial in regulating a plurality of functions throughout the plant life cycle.Although ARFs'structure and function have been well studied in Arabidopsis,such knowledge is far from being sufficient for cereal crops,especially wheat,rice,and maize.This review is based on a comprehensive retrospection into the studies on ARFs in the three cereal crops,consisting of four parts:(1)characterization of the domains of 23,25,and 33 ARF family members in wheat,rice,and maize,respectively;(2)revision of nomenclatures for previously reported ARFs to the family numbers based on sequence alignment,and summary of ARFs'functions including the regulation of agronomic traits and response to biotic/abiotic stresses;(3)highlight of general regulatory models for fundamental physiological and reproductive traits from miRNA-ARFs,IAA-ARF-LBD,IAA-ARF-Auxin response gene,and IAA-ARF-ERF(4)prospects to promising future ARF research for anticipated agronomic traits.This review is expected to enhance understanding of ARF functions in the three cereal crops and promote their application in molecular breeding to achieve optimal plant architecture,higher yield,and wider adaptability.