Climate change impacts soil nitrogen, influencing plant responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Understanding the interaction between nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2] is crucial for predicting plant future performa...Climate change impacts soil nitrogen, influencing plant responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Understanding the interaction between nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2] is crucial for predicting plant future performance. This study examined the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and nitrogen supply on the eco-physiological performance of yellow birch. Seedlings were exposed to two [CO2] levels and five nitrogen supply levels for 4 months. Growth parameters such as seedling height and root collar diameter increased with higher nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2], while specific leaf area decreased. [CO2] elevation and increasing nitrogen supply also increased the total and stem, and leaf biomass. The elevated [CO2] increased the stem mass ratio but decreased the root-to-shoot ratio and root mass ratio. However, decreases in nitrogen supply increased root mass ratio and root-to-shoot ratio. The elevated [CO2] increased the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax), but the effect on Jmax was statistically significant only at the two highest nitrogen supply levels. The results indicate that yellow birch may increase photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and growth in the future when [CO2] is higher.展开更多
Climate change is affecting global crop productivity, food quality, and security. However,few studies have addressed the mechanism by which elevated CO_2 may affect the growth of medicinal plants. Isatis indigotica Fo...Climate change is affecting global crop productivity, food quality, and security. However,few studies have addressed the mechanism by which elevated CO_2 may affect the growth of medicinal plants. Isatis indigotica Fortune is a widely used Chinese medicinal herb with multiple pharmacological properties. To investigate the physiological mechanism of I.indigotica response to elevated [CO_2], plants were grown at either ambient [CO_2](385 μmol mol-1) or elevated [CO_2] (590 μmol mol-1) in an open-top chamber (OTC)experimental facility in North China. A significant reduction in transpiration rate (T_r) and stomatal conductance (g_s) and a large increase in water-use efficiency contributed to an increase in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) under elevated [CO_2] 76 days after sowing. Leaf non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was decreased, so that more energy was used in effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSⅡ) under elevated [CO_2]. High ΦPSII,meaning high electron transfer efficiency, also increased Pn. The [CO_2]-induced increase in photosynthesis significantly increased biomass by 36.8%. Amounts of metabolic compounds involved in sucrose metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and other processes in leaves were reduced under elevated [CO_2]. These results showed that the fertilization effect of elevated [CO_2] is conducive to increasing dry weight but not secondary metabolism in I. indigotica.展开更多
The responses of photosynthesis and growth of forest trees to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] are modified by ecosystem conditions. With the exception of a few, the vast majority of empirical stu...The responses of photosynthesis and growth of forest trees to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] are modified by ecosystem conditions. With the exception of a few, the vast majority of empirical studies on the impact of future high CO2 levels on forest trees have focused on [CO2] alone or in combination with an environmental factor. This paper uses the case of CO2 × nutrient and CO2 × nutrient-related interactions to evaluate the relative value of single or multiple ecosystem factors in determining the responses of photosynthesis and growth to elevated [CO2]. A comprehensive literature search was conducted with Google Scholar. The findings show a consensus among studies that CO2 and nutrient availability have synergistic effects on photosynthesis and growth. However, combinations of nutrient availability with temperature or moisture modify the CO2 effect in ways different from nutrient availability alone. To increase the predictive power of empirical studies, it is recommended that conclusions on the responses of forest trees to elevated atmospheric [CO2] be based on interactions with multiple, rather than single, ecosystem conditions.展开更多
The restricted capture of visible light and high-speed electron-hole complexation efficiency of BiOBr impose limitations on its CO2 reduction photocatalytic activity.In this study,we successfully doped Eu into BiOB...The restricted capture of visible light and high-speed electron-hole complexation efficiency of BiOBr impose limitations on its CO2 reduction photocatalytic activity.In this study,we successfully doped Eu into BiOBr,which facilitates the catalytic reduction ability of carbon dioxide to yield carbon monoxide.Surface oxygen vacancies were introduced on BiOBr after Eu-doping.The Eu-BiOBr possesses high visible light absorption range and low photoelectron-hole recombination rate.In the absence of sacrificial agents,the best performance of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO for Eu-BiOBr is achieved at a doping amount of 3%Eu(in mass fraction wt%).The amount of CO generated by 3%Eu-BiOBr is 22.3 mol/(g·h),which is 10 times greater than that of single BiOBr(2.2μmol/(g·h)).In conclusion,this study provides important reference for future research on catalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide.展开更多
In order to investigate the CO2 emission characteristics of hybrid electric vehicles in the tank-to-wheel(TTW)Phase in plateau region,this study conducted real-driving emission tests in Kunming using a portable emi...In order to investigate the CO2 emission characteristics of hybrid electric vehicles in the tank-to-wheel(TTW)Phase in plateau region,this study conducted real-driving emission tests in Kunming using a portable emissions measurement system(PEMS).The test fleet included one internal combustion engine vehicle(ICEV)and three hybrid electric vehicles with different powertrain architectures:a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV),a rangeextended electric vehicle(REEV),and a series/parallel hybrid electric vehicle(SPHEV).The results show that the CO2 emissions of hybrid electric vehicles is significantly lower than that of ICEV under various road conditions,especially under complex urban conditions,the CO2 emission factors of ICEV are 2.56-3.27 times higher than those of hybrid electric vehicles.Hybrid electric vehicles are influenced by engine and driving characteristics,with engine characteristics having a more significant impact.The CO2 emission rates exhibit a significant nonlinear relationship with engine speed and exhaust temperature,and its R2=0.86-0.94.Additionally,the CO2 emission rates show a significant polynomial function relationship with vehicle velocity and acceleration.It was also found that in the Bin33-Bin40 range,the CO2 emissions of ICEV,PHEV and REEV increased with the increase of vehicle specific power(VSP),while SPHEV showed a certain emissions suppression trend.Research indicates that hybrid electric vehicles possess stronger emission reductions capabilities under multiple operating conditions,providing technical support for achieving urban low-carbon transportation goals.展开更多
Photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)with water(H2O)into syngas not only alleviates energy and environmental crises but also provides feed gas for producing high-value chemicals.In this stud...Photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)with water(H2O)into syngas not only alleviates energy and environmental crises but also provides feed gas for producing high-value chemicals.In this study,self-supported Ny-Cu2O/CuFs are successfully prepared using copper foam as a precursor,following a self-assembly strategy to fabricate a PEC system for converting CO2and H2O into syngas.N-doping facilitates the preferential growth of Cu2O(111)crystal planes in Ny-Cu2O/CuF,resulting in high surface oxygen vacancies.Simultaneously,appropriate surface electronic structure and good light capture capability endow the synthesized material with excellent PEC properties,achieving a syngas yield 2.5 times higher than that of the unmodified CuxO/CuF,with a CO yield of 58.72μmol/(cm2·h)and the lowest H2/CO ratio of 1.6.This study provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance photocathodes for CO2-efficient conversion.展开更多
Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2)to methanol is hindered by inefficient charge separation and complex multielectron pathways.To address these challenges,we report a synergistic catalyst design in whi...Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2)to methanol is hindered by inefficient charge separation and complex multielectron pathways.To address these challenges,we report a synergistic catalyst design in which cobalt vacancies(VCo)are coupled with indium single atoms(In SAs).VCo sites were precisely constructed on Co3O4nanosheets using a chlorine cold plasma technique,acting as“atomic sockets”that confine In SAs and form a robust In-O-VCo coordination structure.The resulting In/Co3−xO4catalyst delivered a high methanol production rate of 466.7μmol/(g·h)with 92.3%selectivity under simulated solar irradiation,which was eight times greater than that of the vacancy-free catalyst.Mechanistic studies revealed a synergistic functional division:the VCo sites efficiently adsorbed and dissociated H2O to supply protons,whereas the In SAs polarized CO2and stabilized the critical*COOH intermediate.This synergy of strong electronic metal-support interactions improved charge separation and steered the reaction pathway toward methanol,offering a novel atomic-level strategy for designing highly selective CO2photoreduction catalysts.展开更多
The global environment is changing with increasing temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Because the two factors are concomitant and the rise of global carbon dioxide concentration will affect all ...The global environment is changing with increasing temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Because the two factors are concomitant and the rise of global carbon dioxide concentration will affect all biomass across the full global range of temperatures, we review the theory regarding and observations on the effects of temperature and carbon dioxide concentration interactions onplant carbon balance, growth, development, biomass accumulation and yield. Although there are sound theoretical reasons for expecting a large stimulation of net CO 2 assimilation rates by increased \[CO 2 \] at higher temperatures, this does not necessarily mean that the pattern of biomass and yield responses to increasing \[CO 2 \] and temperature are determined by this response. This paper reviews the interactions between the effects of \[CO 2 \] and different temperatures on plants. There is little unequivocal evidence for large differences in response to \[CO 2 \] at different temperatures, as studies are confounded by the different responses of the species adapted and acclimated to different temperatures, and the interspecific difference in growth form and development pattern. It is coueluded that stress we should the importance of initiation and expansion of meristems and organs and the balance between assimilate supply and sink activity in determining the growth response to increasing \[CO 2 \] and temperature. Tab 1 , Ref展开更多
摘要Climate change impacts soil nitrogen, influencing plant responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. Understanding the interaction between nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2] is crucial for predicting plant future performance. This study examined the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and nitrogen supply on the eco-physiological performance of yellow birch. Seedlings were exposed to two [CO2] levels and five nitrogen supply levels for 4 months. Growth parameters such as seedling height and root collar diameter increased with higher nitrogen supply and elevated [CO2], while specific leaf area decreased. [CO2] elevation and increasing nitrogen supply also increased the total and stem, and leaf biomass. The elevated [CO2] increased the stem mass ratio but decreased the root-to-shoot ratio and root mass ratio. However, decreases in nitrogen supply increased root mass ratio and root-to-shoot ratio. The elevated [CO2] increased the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vcmax) and photosynthetic electron transport (Jmax), but the effect on Jmax was statistically significant only at the two highest nitrogen supply levels. The results indicate that yellow birch may increase photosynthetic capacity, biomass, and growth in the future when [CO2] is higher.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31601212, 31371693, and 31471556)Research on Science and Technology of Shanxi Province (No. 20150311006-2)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi (No. 2015146)the Shanxi 100-Talent Program
摘要Climate change is affecting global crop productivity, food quality, and security. However,few studies have addressed the mechanism by which elevated CO_2 may affect the growth of medicinal plants. Isatis indigotica Fortune is a widely used Chinese medicinal herb with multiple pharmacological properties. To investigate the physiological mechanism of I.indigotica response to elevated [CO_2], plants were grown at either ambient [CO_2](385 μmol mol-1) or elevated [CO_2] (590 μmol mol-1) in an open-top chamber (OTC)experimental facility in North China. A significant reduction in transpiration rate (T_r) and stomatal conductance (g_s) and a large increase in water-use efficiency contributed to an increase in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) under elevated [CO_2] 76 days after sowing. Leaf non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was decreased, so that more energy was used in effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSⅡ) under elevated [CO_2]. High ΦPSII,meaning high electron transfer efficiency, also increased Pn. The [CO_2]-induced increase in photosynthesis significantly increased biomass by 36.8%. Amounts of metabolic compounds involved in sucrose metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and other processes in leaves were reduced under elevated [CO_2]. These results showed that the fertilization effect of elevated [CO_2] is conducive to increasing dry weight but not secondary metabolism in I. indigotica.
摘要The responses of photosynthesis and growth of forest trees to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] are modified by ecosystem conditions. With the exception of a few, the vast majority of empirical studies on the impact of future high CO2 levels on forest trees have focused on [CO2] alone or in combination with an environmental factor. This paper uses the case of CO2 × nutrient and CO2 × nutrient-related interactions to evaluate the relative value of single or multiple ecosystem factors in determining the responses of photosynthesis and growth to elevated [CO2]. A comprehensive literature search was conducted with Google Scholar. The findings show a consensus among studies that CO2 and nutrient availability have synergistic effects on photosynthesis and growth. However, combinations of nutrient availability with temperature or moisture modify the CO2 effect in ways different from nutrient availability alone. To increase the predictive power of empirical studies, it is recommended that conclusions on the responses of forest trees to elevated atmospheric [CO2] be based on interactions with multiple, rather than single, ecosystem conditions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22302089,22066017,22462033)Jiangxi Province Natural Science Foundation(20242BAB20183)+1 种基金the Open Fund of Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry(JXSC202003)Jiangxi Province“Double Thousand Plan”Project(jxsq2019201007,jxsq2020102027)。
摘要The restricted capture of visible light and high-speed electron-hole complexation efficiency of BiOBr impose limitations on its CO2 reduction photocatalytic activity.In this study,we successfully doped Eu into BiOBr,which facilitates the catalytic reduction ability of carbon dioxide to yield carbon monoxide.Surface oxygen vacancies were introduced on BiOBr after Eu-doping.The Eu-BiOBr possesses high visible light absorption range and low photoelectron-hole recombination rate.In the absence of sacrificial agents,the best performance of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO for Eu-BiOBr is achieved at a doping amount of 3%Eu(in mass fraction wt%).The amount of CO generated by 3%Eu-BiOBr is 22.3 mol/(g·h),which is 10 times greater than that of single BiOBr(2.2μmol/(g·h)).In conclusion,this study provides important reference for future research on catalysts for the reduction of carbon dioxide.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51968065)。
摘要In order to investigate the CO2 emission characteristics of hybrid electric vehicles in the tank-to-wheel(TTW)Phase in plateau region,this study conducted real-driving emission tests in Kunming using a portable emissions measurement system(PEMS).The test fleet included one internal combustion engine vehicle(ICEV)and three hybrid electric vehicles with different powertrain architectures:a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle(PHEV),a rangeextended electric vehicle(REEV),and a series/parallel hybrid electric vehicle(SPHEV).The results show that the CO2 emissions of hybrid electric vehicles is significantly lower than that of ICEV under various road conditions,especially under complex urban conditions,the CO2 emission factors of ICEV are 2.56-3.27 times higher than those of hybrid electric vehicles.Hybrid electric vehicles are influenced by engine and driving characteristics,with engine characteristics having a more significant impact.The CO2 emission rates exhibit a significant nonlinear relationship with engine speed and exhaust temperature,and its R2=0.86-0.94.Additionally,the CO2 emission rates show a significant polynomial function relationship with vehicle velocity and acceleration.It was also found that in the Bin33-Bin40 range,the CO2 emissions of ICEV,PHEV and REEV increased with the increase of vehicle specific power(VSP),while SPHEV showed a certain emissions suppression trend.Research indicates that hybrid electric vehicles possess stronger emission reductions capabilities under multiple operating conditions,providing technical support for achieving urban low-carbon transportation goals.
基金supported by the Hebei backbone talent project of platform for returned overseas(No.A2024006)China central government guide the development of local science and technology special funds(No.216Z3701G)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2022202034)Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.15JCYBJC21000).
摘要Photoelectrocatalytic(PEC)reduction of carbon dioxide(CO2)with water(H2O)into syngas not only alleviates energy and environmental crises but also provides feed gas for producing high-value chemicals.In this study,self-supported Ny-Cu2O/CuFs are successfully prepared using copper foam as a precursor,following a self-assembly strategy to fabricate a PEC system for converting CO2and H2O into syngas.N-doping facilitates the preferential growth of Cu2O(111)crystal planes in Ny-Cu2O/CuF,resulting in high surface oxygen vacancies.Simultaneously,appropriate surface electronic structure and good light capture capability endow the synthesized material with excellent PEC properties,achieving a syngas yield 2.5 times higher than that of the unmodified CuxO/CuF,with a CO yield of 58.72μmol/(cm2·h)and the lowest H2/CO ratio of 1.6.This study provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance photocathodes for CO2-efficient conversion.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(No.2022YFA1504800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22278316).
摘要Photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO2)to methanol is hindered by inefficient charge separation and complex multielectron pathways.To address these challenges,we report a synergistic catalyst design in which cobalt vacancies(VCo)are coupled with indium single atoms(In SAs).VCo sites were precisely constructed on Co3O4nanosheets using a chlorine cold plasma technique,acting as“atomic sockets”that confine In SAs and form a robust In-O-VCo coordination structure.The resulting In/Co3−xO4catalyst delivered a high methanol production rate of 466.7μmol/(g·h)with 92.3%selectivity under simulated solar irradiation,which was eight times greater than that of the vacancy-free catalyst.Mechanistic studies revealed a synergistic functional division:the VCo sites efficiently adsorbed and dissociated H2O to supply protons,whereas the In SAs polarized CO2and stabilized the critical*COOH intermediate.This synergy of strong electronic metal-support interactions improved charge separation and steered the reaction pathway toward methanol,offering a novel atomic-level strategy for designing highly selective CO2photoreduction catalysts.
摘要The global environment is changing with increasing temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Because the two factors are concomitant and the rise of global carbon dioxide concentration will affect all biomass across the full global range of temperatures, we review the theory regarding and observations on the effects of temperature and carbon dioxide concentration interactions onplant carbon balance, growth, development, biomass accumulation and yield. Although there are sound theoretical reasons for expecting a large stimulation of net CO 2 assimilation rates by increased \[CO 2 \] at higher temperatures, this does not necessarily mean that the pattern of biomass and yield responses to increasing \[CO 2 \] and temperature are determined by this response. This paper reviews the interactions between the effects of \[CO 2 \] and different temperatures on plants. There is little unequivocal evidence for large differences in response to \[CO 2 \] at different temperatures, as studies are confounded by the different responses of the species adapted and acclimated to different temperatures, and the interspecific difference in growth form and development pattern. It is coueluded that stress we should the importance of initiation and expansion of meristems and organs and the balance between assimilate supply and sink activity in determining the growth response to increasing \[CO 2 \] and temperature. Tab 1 , Ref